1. Detailed answer on the topic"Political Power as a social phenomenon

1.Power as a key point of politics.

2. The connection of power with influence, strength, wealth, authority, etc.

3.Characteristics of political power:

a) legality (legality);

b) legitimacy.

4. Ooze of legitimacy:

a) traditional,

b) rational (legal);

c) charismatic.

5. Power resources:

a) utilitarian;

b) forced;

c) regulatory;

d) informational, etc.

6. Functions of political power.

7. Efficiency of political power

2. Detailed answer on the topic: “Electoral system.”

1. The concept of the electoral system.

2. Structure of the electoral system:

a) suffrage;

b) the electoral process.

3. Suffrage and its characteristics:

a) principles of suffrage (universal direct suffrage by secret ballot);

b) the political right to elect and be elected to bodies of state power and local self-government;

c) sources of suffrage.

4. Electoral process and its stages:

a) preparatory (setting the date of elections, registration and registration of voters);

b) nomination and registration of candidates;

c) pre-election campaigning and election financing;

5. Types of electoral systems:

a) majority;

b) proportional;

c) mixed.

3. detailed answer on the topic “Types of electoral systems".

1. The concept of the electoral system.

2. Components of the electoral system:

a) suffrage

b) electoral process

3. Features of the typology of electoral systems:

a) an elected authority;

b) principles of formation of a representative government body;

c) the procedure for distributing mandates based on voting results;

3. Majoritarian electoral system and its features:

a) nominating a specific person as a candidate

b) establishing direct responsibility to voters

c) those who receive a small minority of votes may not be represented in parliament

4. Proportional system and its features:

a) voting for party lists of candidates;

b) guarantee of representation in parliament of small and medium-sized parties;

5. Majority-proportional system (mixed) and its features.

a) the formation of a truly representative parliament

b) parties do not fully reflect the interests of voters.

4. detailed answer on the topic “Suffrage in RF: legal foundations".

1. Suffrage of citizens of the Russian Federation:

a) the right to vote (active);

b) the right to be elected (passive).

2. Sources of electoral law in the Russian Federation:

a) Constitution of the Russian Federation;

b) federal constitutional laws;

c) federal laws;

d) regulatory legal acts of constituent entities of the Russian Federation on elections.

3. Constitutional principles of electoral law:

a) universality of suffrage;

b) equal suffrage;

c) direct suffrage;

e) voluntary participation in elections.

4. The procedure for electing the President of the Russian Federation.

5. Legislative regulation of elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation.

6. Elections to local government bodies.

5. Detailed answer on the topic “Political organizations”.

1. Political parties:

a) definition and characteristics; b) typology of political parties;

c) functions of political parties.

2. Socio-political movements:

a) definition and characteristics;

b) functions of socio-political movements.

3. Legislation of the Russian Federation on political organizations.

4. Trends in the development of political organizations in modern society.

6. You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Institute presidency in the Russian Federation."

1. The President of the Russian Federation as the guarantor of the Constitution.

2. Constitutional and legal status of the President of the Russian Federation:

a) legal norms defining the procedure for elections and assumption of office of the President of the Russian Federation;

b) legal norms establishing the competence of the President of the Russian Federation;

c) legal norms governing the procedure for terminating the powers of the President of the Russian Federation;

3. Main functions of the President of the Russian Federation:

a) is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen;

b) takes measures to protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and state integrity;

c) ensures the coordinated functioning and interaction of government bodies;

d) determines the main directions of the state’s domestic and foreign policy;

e) represents the Russian Federation within the country and in international relations, etc.

4. Requirements imposed by law on candidates for the post of the Russian Federation:

a) citizenship of the Russian Federation;

b) permanent residence in the Russian Federation for at least 10 years;

c) age limit - at least 35 years.

5. The procedure for the election and activities of the President of the Russian Federation:

a) nomination and collection of voter signatures;

b) the candidate who received more than half the votes of voters who took part in the voting is recognized as elected;

c) the powers of the President of the Russian Federation end with the expiration of the term (6 years) for which he was elected, at the moment the newly elected President of the Russian Federation takes the oath of office;

d) the same person cannot hold a given position for more than two consecutive terms, etc.

6. The institution of the presidency and trends in strengthening the constitutional system in the Russian Federation.

7. Detailed answer on the topic “Rule of Law”.

1. The concept of the rule of law.

2. Human rights as the main value of a rule of law state:

a) the right to life;

b) equality before the law and court;

c) the right to dignity;

d) the right to housing;

e) the right to national self-determination, etc.

3. Signs of a rule of law state:

a) the fundamental feature is the rule of law in society;

b) subordination to the law of all participants in social relations (including the state);

c) humanity and fairness of laws, recognition of individual rights and freedoms

r) mandatory implementation of the principle of separation of powers in public policy, division of legislative, executive and judicial powers);

e) high legal culture.

4. Formation of the rule of law in Russia

8. Detailed answer on the topic “The Constitution of the Russian Federation on form of the state." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

One of the options for covering this topic

1. The Russian Federation as a democratic state,

a) the people are the source of power:

b) ideological and political diversity in the Russian Federation;

c) guarantees of the rights and freedoms of citizens.

2. The Russian Federation as a state with a republican form of government.

3. The Russian Federation as a federal state. Principles of federalism:

a) equality of subjects of the Russian Federation;

b) self-determination of peoples;

c) state integrity;

d) unity of the system of state power;

e) division of powers between federal bodies and bodies of constituent entities.

4. The Russian Federation is a rule of law state. Separation of powers.

9. detailed answer on the topic “The role of political elites in the life of society."

1) Who is called the political elite:

a) the concept of the political elite;

b) the composition of the political elite.

2) Factors in the formation of the political elite.

3) Functions of the political elite:

a) determination of strategic goals for the development of society;

b) development of state policy;

c) maintaining the political stability of society;

d) analysis of the interests of various social groups, etc.

4) Types of political elites:

a) national, regional, local;

b) ruling and non-ruling (counter-elite).

5) Groups of political influence.

10. detailed answer on the topic “How Is power organized in a democratic state?

1. Separation of powers as an attribute of a democratic society:

a) legislative power;

b) executive power;

c) judicial power.

2. Characteristics of representative bodies of government:

a) structure;

b) formation of parliament;

c) main functions, etc.

3. Executive authorities:

a) the structure of the executive power;

b) the main functions of executive authorities;

c) government in the system of executive authorities, the procedure for its formation.

4. The role of the judiciary in a democratic state.

5. The system of law enforcement agencies of the state.

11. detailed answer on the topic “National policy

1. What is “national policy” and what is its role in the life of society?

2. Goals and direction of inhumane national policy in totalitarian states:

a) defending “ethnic purity”;

b) incitement to racial hatred;

c) violence in the interests of the dominance of one’s state.

a) legislative reinforcement of respectful attitude towards people of any nationality;

b) creation of the most favorable conditions for the free development of all peoples;

c) coordination of national interests;

d) prevention and humane resolution of interethnic conflicts.

4. Basic principles of the state national policy of modern Russia:

a) equality of rights and freedoms of man and citizen;

b) prohibition of any forms of discrimination;

c) preservation of the historical integrity of the country, equality of all subjects of the Russian Federation;

d) promoting the development of national cultures and languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation;

e) timely and peaceful resolution of national contradictions and conflicts;

f) prohibition of activities aimed at inciting any discord, hatred or enmity;

g) protection of the rights and interests of Russian citizens outside its borders (support for compatriots living

in foreign countries).

5. The threat of nationalism and ways to overcome it.

12. Detailed answer on the topic: “Activities people and its diversity."

1. The concept of activity.

2. Structure of activity:

a) subject;

b) object

d) ways to achieve the goal;

e) results.

3. Motivation of activity.

4. Types of activities:

a) practical and spiritual; b) work, learning (cognition), play;

c) creative and non-creative activities;

d) creative and destructive activities.

13. Detailed answer on the topic “Family economy".

1. Sources of family income:

a) wages;

b) profit

d) bank interest on deposit;

e) dividends;

f) income from the sale of products produced on a subsidiary farm, etc.

2. Types of families depending on income:

a) families with a fixed income; b) families with variable incomes.

3. Nominal and real family income.

4. Structure of family expenses:

a) rent and utility bills;

b) food; c) transportation costs;

d) large purchases (purchase of household appliances, clothing, etc.).

5. Differences in family wealth and their smoothing by the state.

6. The impact of inflation on family incomes.

14. Detailed answer on the topic"Activity and thinking"

1. Activity as a way of life for a person and society.

2. Structure of activity:

a) subject;

b) object;

d) motives;

e) actions;

e) result.

3. Types of activities

a) labor; b) cognitive; c) aesthetic, etc.

4. Thinking as a process of cognitive activity.

5. Thinking is the basis of rational knowledge.

6. Types of thinking:

a) verbal-logical; b) visually figurative; c) visually effective.

15. Detailed answer on the topic “Social mobility"..

1) The concept of social mobility.

2) Factors influencing social mobility.

3) Types of social mobility:

a) vertical, horizontal;

b) group, individual.

4) Social elevators:

a) business;

d) church, etc.

16. Detailed answer on the topic “Society”

1. The concept of society as a set of historical forms of joint activity of people.

2. Spheres of public life as elements of the structure of society:

a) economic sphere;

b) political sphere;

c) social sphere;

d) spiritual sphere.

3. Social (public) institutions in the structure of society and its individual spheres:

a) family; b) school; c) state, etc.

17. Detailed answer on the topic “Unemployment”.

1. The essence of unemployment.

2. Structure of unemployment:

a) persons dismissed for various reasons;"

b) persons who voluntarily left work;

c) persons entering the labor market for the first time;

d) persons who entered the labor market after a break.

3. Types of unemployment:

a) frictional, cyclic, structural;

b) open, hidden;

c) complete, partial.

4.Scale of unemployment

5.Methods of combating unemployment

18. Detailed answer on the topic “Spiritual values ​​as component of the spiritual culture of society

1. The concept of spiritual culture of society.

2. Creation of spiritual values:

a) scientific activity;

b) literature and art;

c) religious teachings;

d) folk wisdom in epic and folklore, etc.

3. Preservation and dissemination of spiritual values:

a) the role of museums in the preservation and dissemination of spiritual

values;

b) the role of libraries;

c) the role of archives;

d) the role of the school;

e) the role of the media.

4. The role of spiritual values ​​in the development of society.

19. detailed answer on the topic “Cognition is a process of spiritual development by man of the material world."

1) The concept of knowledge. Cognition is the process of human comprehension of objects and phenomena of the material world.

2) Goals of knowledge:

a) comprehension of the truth;

b) practical use.

3) Structure of the cognition process:

a) sensory cognition (sensation, perception, representation);

b) logical cognition (concept, judgment, inference).

4) Interaction between the cognizing subject and the cognizable object in the process of cognition.

5) Knowledge as a result of cognition.

A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan is possible. They can be presented in nominative, question or mixed form.

20. detailed answer to the topic “Are we knowable? world?".

1. Historical aspect of the need to understand the world:

a) mythological explanation of existence;

b) religious explanation of existence;

c) scientific explanation of existence.

2. Different views on the knowability of the world:

a) epistemological optimism;

b) skepticism;

c) agnosticism.

3. Levels (stages) of knowledge:

a) sensual;

b) rational.

4. Dispute about the criteria of truth:

a) the positions of empiricists;

b) the position of rationalists.

5. Features of sensory cognition:

a) direct interaction with the object of knowledge;

b) visibility and objectivity;

c) reproduction of individual aspects and properties of objects.

6. Features of rational knowledge:

a) reliance on the results of sensory knowledge;

b) abstractness and generality;

c) reflection of the essence of the subject, its internal natural connections.

21. detailed answer on the topic “Family as a social institute

1) The concept of family.

2) Family functions:

a) reproductive; b) economic; c) socialization, etc.

3) Rights and responsibilities of family members.

4) Types of families:

a) patriarchal, democratic; b) a lot of knee-deep, nuclear.

5) Family resources: a) economic; b) informational, etc.

1. The concept of the law of supply.

2. Factors influencing supply:

a) prices for resources

b) changes in production technology

c) taxes and subsidies

3. Supply curve

4.The elasticity of supply is affected by:

a) elasticity coefficient

b) percentage change in the product offered

c) percentage change in price

5. Knowledge of the laws of economics is the basis for successful business

23. detailed answer on the topic “Gross domestic product".

1. Definition of the concept of GDP - a macroeconomic indicator that reflects the market value of all final goods and services.

2. Methods for calculating GDP.

a) Calculation based on income. b) Calculation of expenses.

3. GDP expression.

a) Nominal GDP. b) Real GDP.

c) National currency, currency ratio, currency exchange.

4. GDP and GNP.

a) GNP as the main indicator of the state of the economy (before 1991).

b) The value of the GDP indicator for the country.

5. Calculation of GDP per capita.

24. Detailed answer on the topic “Money and problems of de gentle treatment."

1. Theory of money.

A) The emergence of the form of value and the emergence of money.

B) The essence of money.

C) Price as a monetary expression of value.

2. Money circulation.

A) The concept of money circulation. B) The law of money circulation.

C) The monetary system and its elements. D) International monetary system

D) Monetary circulation of the Russian Federation.

3. Problems of money circulation in Russia.

4. Problems of monetary circulation in the world

25. detailed answer on the topic “Needs and interests person in the structure of activity.”

One of the options for a plan for covering this topic:

1. The concept of human needs.

2. Classification of human needs:

A) human biological needs; B) social needs;

B) ideal needs.

3. Structure of human activity:

A) needs and motives;

B) funds;

D) result.

4. A person’s interests as the motive for his activity.

26. Detailed answer on the topic “Property as a legal and economic category."

1. The concept of property rights:

a) right of ownership;

b) right of use;

c) the right to dispose.

3. Types of property relations:

a) private;

b) public.

4. Types of property:

a) state;

b) municipal;

c) private.

5. Grounds for acquiring property:

a) initial;

b) derivatives.

6. Grounds for termination of ownership rights.

7. Property as a criterion for the formation of the type of economic system.

27. A detailed answer on the topic “Social demographic problems of our time."

1. Socio-demographic problems as part of the global problems of humanity.

2. The essence of the population explosion and its connection with other global problems.

3. Causes of the demographic crisis in economically developed countries:

a) population aging due to high quality of life;

b) low birth rate due to women’s employment in economics, politics, and public life.

4. Manifestations and consequences of the “demographic explosion”:

a) widespread hunger, disease, illiteracy, lack of proper housing;

b) unemployment;

c) mass migrations;

d) Problems of assimilation of newcomers.

5. Ways to overcome socio-demographic problems:

a) solving the problem of population regulation;

b) implementation of a well-thought-out demographic policy;

c) international cooperation in solving socio-demographic problems.

28. Detailed plan on the topic “Man as a spiritual creature". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

1. The concept of the spiritual world of man and its elements:

1.1. knowledge,

b) feelings;

c) aspirations.

2. Morals, values, ideals of a person:

a) the golden rule of morality;

c) conscience, patriotism, citizenship.

3. Worldview and its role in human life:

a) types of worldview;

b) worldview as a guideline and goals of human activity.

29. A detailed answer on the topic “Moral standards in system of social control."

1. Social norms and sanctions as elements of social control.

2. Types of social norms:

a) moral; b) legal;

c) religious; d) etiquette, etc.

3. Features of moral standards:

a) oriented towards values ​​and behavior patterns;

b) manifest themselves in customs and traditions;

c) are regulated by public opinion and human conscience;

d) are historical in nature.

4. Moral structure:

b) principles;

5. Morals and ethics.

6. The relationship between morality and other social norms.

30. You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “The Russian system rights."

1. The concept of the legal system.

2. Basic elements of the legal system:

a) rule of law;

b) institute of law;

c) branch of law.

3. Main branches of Russian law:

b) civil law;

c) labor law;

d) criminal law;

e) criminal procedural law, etc.

4. Substantive and procedural law (subparagraphs may be given).

5. Public law:

a) constitutional (state) law;

b) criminal law;

c) administrative law, etc.

6. Private law:

a) civil law;

b) business law, etc.

7. The Constitution of the Russian Federation in the system of Russian law.

8. Reflection of the features of social development in the legal system.

31. detailed answer to the topic “Religion in modern times” world."

1. Religion as one of the forms of culture.

2. Functions of religion:

a) regulatory;

b) ideological;

c) compensatory;

d) educational;

e) integration;

f) cultural, etc.

3. Diversity of religions in the modern world:

a) archaic religions;

b) national religions;

c) world religions.

4. Features of world religions.

5. The principle of freedom of conscience.

6. Changing attitudes towards religion in modern society.

Completing this task requires:

1) the correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of their compliance with the given topic;
2) completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;
3) compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with a complex type plan;

The main condition for completing this task is a systematic, deep, sufficiently voluminous and versatile knowledge of the topic, which requires the involvement of social science material, as well as knowledge from related academic disciplines and, if possible, operational knowledge obtained from the media.

When completing assignments, graduates will:

A) on the one hand, in a given formulation of the topic, discover content material known to them;
b) on the other hand, build the logic of presenting knowledge on a topic in the form of points of a complex plan;

When drawing up a complex plan, you can use the following recommendations:

1) present the content of a social science course that reveals this problem;
2) divide this content into semantic parts, highlighting the main idea in each of them;
3) title each part;
4) in each part, highlight several provisions that develop the main idea;
5) check whether the points and sub-points of the plan are combined, whether the subsequent point of the plan is connected with the previous one, whether the main content of the topic is fully reflected in them;
6) make adjustments if necessary;
7) remember that the plan must cover the main content of the topic;
8) It is not advisable to repeat similar wording in headings (clauses or subclauses of the plan).

Is there a model for making a plan?

The main thing is to mentally imagine the material studied and consistently present the content of the proposed topic.

Remember that everything depends on the topic proposed to you. Some of the points listed below may not be suitable for some topics. I tried to write only a general diagram that can help you when drawing up a plan.

1. First you need to identify the subject of the proposed topic. There are several options for this. For example:

1) What is...
2) Concept…
3) Definition...

2. Then, if possible, highlight the following points:

1) Causes of occurrence (appearance, development)…
You can detail this point in separate subparagraphs, listing these very reasons.

2) Approaches to defining the concept... (entity...). For example:
- Theories of origin...
- Views of thinkers on...
This point can be detailed in separate subparagraphs, listing these same approaches.

3. Next, highlight the characteristic features (signs; features; main elements, etc.)...
You can detail this point in separate subparagraphs, listing these most characteristic features (signs; features, main elements, etc.).

4. Functions…
You can detail this item in separate sub-items, listing these same functions.

5. Types (types, forms, structure, classifications, criteria, factors)...
This point can be detailed in separate subparagraphs.

6. Meaning (role, consequences, trends, purpose)…

7. Features (problems, traditions, etc.)… in modern society (world).

8. Solutions

It is better to detail about 2-4 points in separate subparagraphs.

The wording of the plan items is correct. Taken together, the points of the plan cover the main aspects of the topic and reveal it in a certain sequence.
3 points

The wording of the plan is correct. Certain aspects essential to this topic were not reflected in the plan. The theme is not developed sequentially.
OR
The wording of the plan items is correct. Taken together, the points of the plan cover the main aspects of the topic, but are not presented in a specific sequence adequate to the topic.
2 points

Some of the wording of the plan points is correct. The plan does not provide a holistic and consistent presentation of the topic.
1 point

The wording of the plan items does not correspond to the topic.
OR
The answer is incorrect.
0 points

Examples of task C8

1) You have been instructed to prepare a detailed plan on the topic “Biological and Social in Man.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

1) Activity as a way of human existence
2) Specific features of human activity
3) Structure of activity:
a) subject
b) object
c) goal
d) funds
d) result
4) Motives for activity
5) Two main types of activities
a) practical activities
b) spiritual activity
6) Leading activities in human life:
a) game
b) teaching
c) labor

2) To speak at a seminar lesson, you need to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Interpersonal conflicts and ways to resolve them.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

1) Concept and specific features of interpersonal conflict
2) Participants in the conflict
3) Causes of interpersonal conflict
4) Reason for conflict
5) basic concepts that reveal the essence of the conflict
6) Conflict functions
a) positive
b) negative
7) Classification of interpersonal conflicts:
a) by direction
b) based on
c) according to the consequences
d) by the emotional power of influence on those in conflict
e) by the scale of impact
e) by duration of flow
g) according to the form of manifestation
h) by source of occurrence
8) The relationship between interpersonal conflicts and other types of social conflicts

3) You are a participant in a competition of research papers for high school students with a report on the topic “Multivariance and the driving forces of social development.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

1) Sources and driving forces of development of society:
a) transformative activities of people
b) natural and climatic conditions
c) outstanding personalities
2) The concepts of “progress” and “regression”
3) Modern approaches to the development of society:
a) formational approach
b) stage-civilized approach
c) locally civilized approach
4) Form of social change:
a) evolution
b) revolution

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social Studies (10-11)

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social Studies (6-9)

Social science

Preparing for the Unified State Exam in Social Studies: how to make a complex plan

In 2018, the criteria for assessing the Unified State Exam in social studies changed. Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Methods of Teaching History and Social Sciences of the Russian State Pedagogical University named after. A. I. Herzen (St. Petersburg) Olga Soboleva, as part of a series of webinars, spoke about innovations in task No. 28 and shared with teachers useful tips on successfully preparing for the exam.

Evaluation criteria

At first glance, nothing has changed - this year students will see the same wording of task No. 28 as before. However, the evaluation criteria have changed - they have become more specific and stricter. The maximum number of points is now 4 (previously it was 3), and instead of deducting points for errors, points will be awarded for the absence of errors. The criteria have changed as follows:

• 28.1: meeting the required points of the plan. This criterion remains the most important. If the student does not meet the required points of the plan, 0 points are given for the entire task. However, specificity in assessment has appeared. It is now indicated that one of the mandatory points must be detailed in sub-clauses, while the other may not be detailed or be a sub-clause. If the required points of the plan are fully met, 2 points are awarded. The student receives 1 point if he has one revealed point or two unsolved points.
• 28.2: adherence to a complex plan. This criterion takes into account the number of points and their quality, the degree of disclosure of the topic. Previously, points were awarded depending on the number of different points, but now the requirements have become more precise. The plan must have at least three points, two of which are detailed - in any other case, 0 points are awarded for this criterion.
• 28.3: correctness of wording. The point for this criterion is now in the nature of a bonus, and it can only be obtained if there are no errors anywhere with 1 point according to criteria 28.1 and 28.2.

While working on this assignment, it is important to take into account one contradiction in the assessment system. The FIPI recommendations indicate not to count plan items that are of an abstract and formal nature. At the same time, in the sample FIPI plan, the abstract formulation “The Concept of a Political Party” is used. Be that as it may, to get a high score, it is better to avoid formulations that do not reflect the specifics of the topic.

The reference book contains detailed theoretical material on all topics tested by the Unified State Exam in social studies. After each section, multi-level tasks are given in the form of the Unified State Exam. For the final control of knowledge, training options are given at the end of the reference book. Students will not have to search for additional information on the Internet and buy other textbooks. In this guide, they will find everything they need to independently and effectively prepare for the exam. The reference book is addressed to high school students to prepare for the Unified State Exam in social studies. The manual contains detailed theoretical material on all topics tested by the exam. After each section, examples of Unified State Examination tasks and a practice test are given. For the final control of knowledge, training options corresponding to the Unified State Exam in social studies are provided at the end of the reference book. Answers are provided for all tasks.

Preparation stages

Drawing up a plan is a meta-subject skill that you need to master to successfully pass the Unified State Exam. Experienced authors of the Russian Textbook corporation in their training programs help to develop the necessary skills in the following stages:

• Grades 5–6 – simple text plan
• Grades 7–8 – complex text plan
• Grade 9 - a simple plan for a speech on a topic
• Grades 10–11 – a complex plan for a presentation on a topic

Read and see also:

• How to prepare for the Social Studies Olympiad: recommendations for students and teachers

1. Practice making a plan every lesson. For example, write down a plan for the upcoming lesson with your students, highlight points and sub-points in your notes, draw up a complex plan at the end of the lecture - that is, practice this skill at different stages of studying the topic.
2. Do not ask students to memorize complex plans drawn up using a codifier! This will not help “weak” students in any way. For example, in 2017, the topics of the plans and the points of the codifier did not coincide.
3. Try to analyze different phenomena in the lesson according to a plan with such a fixed basis: concept, characteristics, structure, origin, development, diversity, role, current state. At the same time, avoid abstractly formal formulation of plan items with this basis.
4. When studying complex topics with two combined concepts, be sure to consider the relationship between phenomena and identify similarities and differences between them. In some cases, it is also necessary to determine what place one phenomenon occupies in the structure of another.

According to statistics, task No. 28 in the Unified State Exam in social studies is one of the most difficult for students. Understanding the requirements and thoughtful, consistent preparation will allow you to score the maximum number of points.

The manual is designed for independent or teacher-led preparation of schoolchildren and applicants for the Unified State Exam. It fully includes the material of the social studies course, which is tested in the exam. The theoretical part of the manual is presented in a concise and accessible form. A large number of diagrams and tables make it easy and quick to navigate the topic and find the information you need. The training tasks correspond to the modern format of the Unified State Exam; all changes in the content of the examination work made in recent years are taken into account.

Basic skills in drawing up a plan are laid down at the early stages of education in the lessons of the Russian language, literature, and history. However, many graduates in the social studies exam have poor command of this skill. Simply put, the transfer of skills developed while studying another subject does not occur. Therefore, you first need to know what types of plans there are. Particular attention should be paid to the features of a complex plan, to the content-logical connections of the subordination of its points and subpoints.

The necessary conditions for drawing up a plan for the topic are:

1) correct designation of its boundaries (inclusion in a more general issue and isolation in it),

2) a fairly complete understanding of its various sides and aspects.

Let's consider these conditions on a specific topic "Labor relations".

A series of questions will help clarify them, for example:

1) what more general topic may this topic include (for example: “Legal regulation of labor relations”);

2) what place does this topic occupy in a broader issue (what are the features of the legal regulation of labor relations between employer and employee);

3) what range of issues the topic covers (the concept of labor relations, the legal status of the employee and the employer, social partnership in the sphere of labor, employment and employment).

The next step is to select positions that correspond to a single basis and arrange formulations in their logical subordination. As a result, a complex plan for this topic may take the following form:

1. The concept of legal relations.

2. Rights and obligations of the parties to labor relations:
a) rights and obligations of employees;
b) rights and obligations of employers.

3. Employment contract:
a) the contents of the employment contract;
b) the procedure for conclusion;
c) the procedure for terminating an employment contract.

4. Working time and rest time.

5. Salary.

6. Labor discipline.

Let's consider the evaluation scheme.

The wording of the plan items is correct. Taken together, the points of the plan cover the main issues of the topic. The structure of the response corresponds to a complex type plan.	2
The wording of the plan is correct. Certain issues essential to this topic have been omitted. OR Some of the wording of the plan items is incorrect. Taken together, the points of the plan cover the main issues of the topic. The structure of the response corresponds to a complex type plan.	1
The plan does not reveal the proposed topic. OR The response structure does not match the complex type plan.	0
Maximum score	2

From these instructions it follows that the points of the plan must be correctly formulated in terms of their compliance with the given topic. The plan should most fully reflect the content of the topic. It is necessary to maintain the structure of a complex plan, otherwise the answer will only be scored 0 points.

So, we see that when completing task C8, not only knowledge of the content is tested, but also the ability to build the logic of the content. The graduate must be able to formulate the points of the plan. And for this you need to select the right material.
Let's create an algorithm for a complex plan on the topic “The state is a political institution.”

First of all, we need to define a social institution. Remember what a state is. The next step will be to define the characteristics and functions of the state. It is necessary to include in the plan material about types, types and classifications. But in conclusion, we can also include in the plan the question of the characteristics of the modern state.

And how one of the options could be this plan:

1. The concept of a social institution.

2. The essence of the state:
a) state – public authority;
b) the difference between the state and non-state political organizations.

3. Forms of state:
a) the concept of the form of the state;
b) forms of government;
c) forms of government;
d) forms of political regime.

4. Functions of the state:
a) concepts of state functions;
b) classification of state functions;
c) internal and external functions of the state.

5. Features of the state in the modern world.

Obviously, such a scheme can be applied to almost any topic. The point of drawing up a plan in our case is to present the proposed specific topic in its integrity and correlation of its various aspects.

COMPILATION COMPLEX PLAN DEPLOYED ANSWERS ON A SET TOPIC.

Special attention should be paid to the task included in the examin 2010, - task C8. It requires a complex plana detailed answer on a specific topic of a social science course.Completing this task involves

correspondence to a given topic;

completeness of reflection of the main content in the plan;

compliance of the structure of the proposed answer with the plan of the complex type.

The main condition for completing this task is systematic, deep, sufficiently voluminous and versatile knowledgetopics that require the use of social science material, as well asthe same knowledge from related academic disciplines and, if possible,rational knowledge obtained from the media.

When completing the assignment, graduates will:

A) on the one hand, in a given formulation of the topic, discover
content material known to them;

b) on the other hand, build the logic of knowledge presentation according to
topic in the form of points of a complex plan.

When drawing up a complex plan, you can use the following: general recommendations:

imagine the content of the social science course, I revealunderstanding of the proposed topic;

divide this content into semantic parts, highlighting eachextract the main idea from them;

title each part;

in each part, highlight several provisions that develop main idea;

check whether the points and subpoints of the plan are combined, dueIs the next point of the plan occupied with the previous one, is it completelythey reflect the main content of the topic;

make adjustments if necessary;

remember that the plan must cover the main content topics;

in headings (points and sub-points of the plan) it is undesirable to repeatThere are a number of similar formulations.

When drawing up a complex plan for a detailed answer, students can use a universal algorithm:

I. Concept, essence...

II. Characteristics, basic principles

Specific signs...

The most important tasks, main functions...

V. Forms, types, types, classifications...

VI . Structure...

VII. Main stages, stages of development...

VIII. Features of development...

IX. Development trends in the modern world, in the Russian Federation

X. Importance... in the development of society and personality

Quests

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer to the problem"Biological and social in man." Make a plan according to

You will have to speak at a school conference on the topic “Human activity in its diversity.” Make a plan according toin accordance with

You need to write an essay on the topic “Communication as a form ofMA of Interpersonal Interactions". Make a plan according towith which you will illuminate it.

To speak at a seminar class, you need to be prepared.write a detailed answer on the topic “Interpersonal conflicts and conflicts”means of their resolution." Make a plan according to which youwill cover this topic.

You have been instructed to prepare a report on the topic “Human Cognition”a bundle of peace and yourself." Make a plan according to whichyou will cover this topic.

You are preparing for a test in social studies on the topic “Socialindividualization." Make a plan according to which youwill cover this topic.

You have been assigned to write an article for the school newspaper on the topic “Nauka in the life of modern society." Make a plan in accordancewith whom you will cover this topic.

You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer to the topic “Religion”as a form of spiritual culture." Make a plan according towith whom you will cover this topic.

9. You need to write a creative work on the topic “Obra
calling as a social value.” Make a plan according to
with whom you will cover this topic.

works of high school students with a report on the topic “Multivarianceand the driving forces of social development." Make a plan accordingcontact with whom you will cover this topic.

You have been assigned to write an article for the school newspaper on the topic “Aboutsocial progress." Make a plan according to which youwill cover this topic.

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer to the topic “Moralas a regulator of social relations." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

You are a participant in a research competitionworks of high school students with a report on the topic “Entrepreneurship in Economics”. Make a plan according to which you willcover this topic.

You need to write a creative work on the topic “Polytical process in modern society.” Make a plan according tothe perspective with which you will cover this topic.

You are going to speak at a school conference on the topic"Taxes in the Russian Federation". Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer to the topic “SystemMA of Russian Law". Make a plan according to which youwill cover this topic.

You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer to the topic “ConThe constitution of the Russian Federation is the fundamental law of society and the state.” Composeplan according to which you will cover this topic.

You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer to the topic “To the Stategift in a market economy." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic.

Answers

Answer to task 1.

When analyzing the answer, the following are taken into account:

the correctness of the wording of the plan items in terms of theircompliance with the given topic and clarity of expression of thoughts;

reflection in terms of the main aspects of the topic in a certain(adequate to the given topic) sequence.

* The answer to task No. 1 is a sample assessment of task C8 onUnified State Exam (according to the demo version posted on the “topic.Kim”)according to criteria indicating points.

(other wording is allowed that does not distort its meaning)

Points

One of the options for covering this topic:

1. The most common theories of human origins are:

a) religious

b)" evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin

c) labor theory of F. Engels

2. The main approaches of scientists to the definition of the concept of “person”.

3. Biosocial nature of man:

a) man is part of nature

b) man is a social being

4. Interrelation and mutual influence of biological and social
in man.

A different quantity and (or) other correct formulas are possiblerouting plan items.

The wording of the plan items is correct. Collectively the pointsplans cover the main aspects of the topic and reveal it in thedivided sequence

The wording of the plan items is correct. Certain aspects essential to this topic were not reflected in the plan. Subjectunfolds sequentially.

OR

The wording of the plan items is correct. Collectively pointyour plan covers the main aspects of the topic, but is not presentedin a certain, adequate topic, sequence.

Some of the wording of the plan points is correct. Holisticand the plan does not provide a consistent presentation of the topic.

The wording of the plan items does not correspond to the topic.

OR

The answer is incorrect.

Maximum score

3

Answer to task 2.

I. Activity as a way of human existence.

II. Specific features of human activity.

III. Activity structure:
1) subject

2) object

target

funds

result

IV. Motives of activity.

V. Two main types of activities:

practical activities

spiritual activity

VI. Leading activities in human life:

game

teaching 3) work

Answer to task 3.

I . Concept and specific signs of communication.

II. Functions of communication in the formation and development of a person.

Communication as subject-subject interaction.

Types of subjects of communication:

real-life entities

illusory partners

imaginary partners

V.Means of communication.

VI. Types of communication:

direct and indirect

direct and indirect

VII. Factors contributing to successful communication:
1) mutual understanding

2) solidarity 3) tolerance

Reply to task 4.

I. Concept and specific features of interpersonal conflict.

II.Participants in the conflict.

Causes of interpersonal conflict.

Reason for conflict.

V. Basic concepts that reveal the essence of the conflict.

VI. Conflict functions.

VII . Types of interpersonal conflicts.

VIII. Factors influencing the successful resolution of interpersonal conflicts
conflicts.

IX. The relationship between interpersonal conflicts and other types of social
ny conflicts.

Reply to task 5.

I. Cognition as a form of adequate reflection of reality.

II.Structure of cognition:

subject of knowledge

object of knowledge

3) the result of knowledge

1) agnosticism 2) skepticism 3) gnosticism

IV. Forms of knowledge:

sensory (sensation, perception, idea)

rational (concept, judgment, inference)

V. Types of knowledge:

scientific and non-scientific knowledge

religious, mythological, artistic knowledge

VI. Methods for a person to understand the world and himself.

VII. The variety of forms of human knowledge.I,.

Reply to task 6.

I. The concept of socialization.

II. The task and function of socialization.

The relationship between the concepts of “socialization” and “education”.

Types of socialization: 1) primary

2) secondary

V. Factors contributing to successful socialization:

agents of socialization

social elevators

socio-economic and political conditions

Answer to task 7.

I. Concept of science:

science as a social institution

science as a branch of spiritual production

science as a special system of knowledge

II. Types of science:

basic sciences

applied sciences.

classification of sciences depending on the subject and method of cognition

Specific features of science.

Functions of modern science:

cultural and ideological

cognitive and explanatory

prognostic

integration

social

production

V. Development of science.

VI. Features of the scientific picture of the world.