The donkey saw the nightingale
And he says to him: “Listen, buddy!
You, they say, are a great master of singing.
I would really like
Judge for yourself, having heard your singing,
How great is your skill?"
Here Nightingale began to show his art:
Clicked and whistled
On a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;
Then gently he weakened
And the languid sound of the pipe echoed in the distance,
Then it suddenly scattered in small fractions throughout the grove.
Everyone was paying attention then
To Aurora's favorite and singer;
The winds have died down, the choirs of birds have fallen silent,
And the herds lay down
Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him
And only sometimes
Listening to the Nightingale, he smiled at the shepherdess.
The singer has died. The donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead,
“Pretty much,” he says, “it’s not false to say,
I can listen to you without getting bored;
It's a pity that I don't know
You are with our rooster;
If only you had become more alert,
If only I could learn a little from him."
Hearing this judgment, my poor Nightingale
He took off and flew far away.
God save us from such judges.
Moral of the fable: The Donkey and the Nightingale
It's stupid to judge something you don't understand at all. So the Donkey dared to evaluate the Nightingale’s singing, comparing it with the song of a cock, while he does not have an ideal ear for music.
Fable The Donkey and the Nightingale - analysis
Krylov in his fable described the Nightingale’s singing in such a way that it seems that we hear it when we read the poetic lines of the author. But the stupid Donkey began to judge the beautiful singing of the bird, comparing it with the crowing of a rooster. Likewise, in life we often meet people who begin to criticize something they hardly understand.
The donkey saw the nightingale
And he says to him: “Listen, buddy!
You, they say, are a great master of singing.
I would really like
Judge for yourself, having heard your singing,
How great is your skill?
Here Nightingale began to show his art:
Clicked and whistled
On a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;
Then gently he weakened
And the languid sound of the pipe echoed in the distance,
Then it suddenly scattered in small fractions throughout the grove.
Everything was paying attention then
To Aurora's favorite and singer:
The winds have died down, the choirs of birds have fallen silent,
And the herds lay down.
And only sometimes
The singer has died. Donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead:
“Quite,” he says, “it’s not false to say,
I can listen to you without getting bored;
It's a pity that I don't know
You are with our rooster;
If only you had become more alert,
If only I could learn a little from him.”
Hearing this judgment, my poor Nightingale
He took off and flew to distant fields.
----------
God save us from such judges.
The history of the creation of the basnri Donkey and Nightingale
This fable was written by I. A. Krylov in 1811. One of the critics spoke about the incident that formed the basis of its plot.
One nobleman, having decided to get to know Krylov and provide him with patronage, invited him to visit him and there asked him to read two or three fables. Krylov agreed and artistically read several fables, including one borrowed from La Fontaine. The nobleman listened to them favorably and said thoughtfully: “This is good; but why don’t you translate like Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev?” “I can’t,” the poet answered modestly. That was the end of the conversation. Returning home, the fabulist, touched to the quick, wrote the fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale.”
Contemporaries admired Krylov's skill as a narrator in this fable. They noted the amazing “naturalness in the portrayal of characters.” For example, the ignorant Donkey, who understands nothing about art, convincingly conveys the opinions of others and, from their words, familiarly praises the singer, addressing him with the words “buddy” and “master.” He wants to stand on the same level as the famous singer. But at the same time, he is full of conceit and wants to judge the Nightingale’s singing for himself. But since the Donkey in fables is always stupid and does not understand anything in art, especially in music, the reader predicts his judgment. The interest of the fable rests on this expectation. Finally, contemporaries admired how Krylov was able to convey the Nightingale’s singing. They believed that none of the previous fabulists or even lyric poets could describe the Nightingale’s singing, which resembled a whole “melodic concert,” in such a picturesque and expressive form. This happened both because Krylov was endowed with an unusually rich imagination, and because he himself was a good musician. The fabulist conveyed the Nightingale's singing with an inventive combination of various verbs, depicting the melodic voice lines that the Nightingale makes. The Nightingale's art has a wonderful effect on everyone who hears it, bringing calm to nature and to people's lives. “In his rich imagination,” wrote another critic, “he found another lovely picture that crowns the image and completes the charm produced by the Nightingale’s singing”:
The winds have died down, the choirs of birds have fallen silent,
And the herds lay down.
Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him
And only sometimes
Listening to the Nightingale, he smiled at the shepherdess.
So, the reader knows how enchanting the Nightingale’s singing is, and awaits the Donkey’s judgment, but the “court” immediately exposes him as a pompous ignoramus.
Answers to questions for the bass “Donkey and Nightingale”
2. What was the reason for the appearance of the fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale”? What does the fabulist make the reader laugh at? What did contemporaries admire? Why was it especially important to show in the fable the beauty of the Nightingale’s singing and the admiration of the listeners?
The prerequisite for the emergence of the fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale” was a real incident that happened to Krylov: “One boyar, having decided to get acquainted with Krylov and provide him with patronage, invited him to visit him and there asked him to read two or three fables. Krylov agreed and artistically read several fables, including one borrowed from La Fontaine. The boyar listened to them favorably and said broadly: “This is excellent; but why don’t you translate like Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev?” “I can’t,” the poet answered timidly. That was the end of the conversation. Returning home, touched to the quick, the fabulist wrote a fable..."
The fabulist forces us to laugh at the ignorance of Donkey, who dared to judge art.
Contemporaries admired the skill of Krylov as a narrator in this fable: they noted the amazing “naturalness in the depiction of the characters” of Donkey and Nightingale, as well as the skillful portrayal of Nightingale’s singing. It was important to show in the fable the beauty of the Nightingale’s singing, so that against its background the Donkey’s ignorance would stand out in particular.
3. What did I. A. Krylov want to say with the fable “Leaves and Roots”? What is the difference between Krylov’s and Muravyov’s fables? Which point of view is closer to you and why?
By “Leaves” in the fable the nobility is assumed, and by “Roots” - ordinary people. With this fable, Krylov wanted to say that for the well-being of the country and society (“Tree”) it depends not only on the upper layer of society, but also on the ordinary people, all its parts are important here, therefore “Leaves” should not be so proud and forget about “ Roots" that feed them.
M.N. Muravyov believes that the well-being of society and the country depends only on the Top (the government), and the rebellion of the Roots only undermines the strength of the country.
Krylov’s point of view is close to me.
4. What is the fabulist laughing at in the fable “Larchik”? What would change in the fable if the stress was changed (on the word “simply” or “opened”)? Prepare an expressive reading, taking into account the shift in stress, and comment on the content of the fable.
In the fable “The Casket,” the fabulist laughs at empty philosophizing, not supported by practical experience, and also at those who do not know how to simply get down to business, but indulge in thoughtful, useless reasoning.
“...the last phrase “And the Casket simply opened” has two meanings. The first thing is that the secret of the Chest is simple. In this case, the emphasis should be on the word “simply”. From the second it follows that the Casket was not locked.
Then the emphasis in the final words should be placed on the word “opened”. Laughing funny, Krylov plays with these meanings, giving the fable an ambiguous, broad and deepest meaning” (V.I. Korovin).
5. Try to list what human vices Krylov ridicules in his fables.
Ignorance, bragging, arrogance, unnecessary philosophizing.
1. How do you understand the words and expressions: “marshmallow”, “attract”, “humbly”, “arrogantly”, “boldly”, “happens often to us”, “wisdom”, “catched in the eyes”, “sneakily”, “ breaks his head,” “they say,” “how truly great is your skill,” “began to show your art,” “Aurora,” “listening to the Nightingale,” “pretty much,” “not false,” “perked up”?
Zephyr - wind, attract - beckon, humbly - obediently, quietly, arrogantly - overly self-confident, boldly - sharply, it often happens to us - it happens, wisdom - in this case: empty philosophizing, caught the eye - was noticeable, pleasing to the eye, surreptitiously - behind my back, quietly, racking my brain - carrying out heavy mental activity, they say - they say, is your skill truly great - are you really so talented, began to show your art - began to sing, Aurora - dawn, listening to the Nightingale - listening to the Nightingale , fairly - normal, good, not false - in truth, sharpened up - learned, honed his skills.
What words express the moral in each fable? What life situations are mentioned in these lines? Give examples. Are these lines similar to proverbs? How?
a) God save us from such judges.
b) Show off in good time!
Just remember the difference between us:
That with the new spring a new leaf will be born,
And if the root dries up,
The tree will be gone, and neither will you.
c) It often happens to us
And work and wisdom to see there,
Where you just have to guess
Just get down to business.
4. Look at the illustrations for the fables. How do you explain the illustration by artist K. Trutovsky for the fable “Leaves and Roots”? Why are there no leaves or roots?
In K. Trutovsky’s illustration for the fable “Sheets and Roots” there are neither sheets nor Roots, because the painter depicts the fable not allegorically, but directly, because under the Sheets Krylov assumed the nobility, and under the Roots - ordinary people.
An unfair situation, when an ignorant person undertakes to judge things beyond his control of his mind and taste, occurs offensively often. This is the fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale” by Ivan Krylov.
Conflict
Contemporaries said that the poet was inspired to create the work by an incident from his life. A high-ranking nobleman, having listened to Krylov’s artistic performance of fables, praised the writer, but chided him for not following the example of another author (who wrote much weaker than Krylov). Having poured out his resentment in the fable, Ivan Andreevich still managed to create an illustration of a typical disagreement between an undeniably talented creator and an ignorant but self-confident critic. The conflict is doomed to be eternal. Its repeated projection into our lives took place with the advent of times when “the cook began to rule the state.” For creators who have experienced moments of painful bewilderment when influential people condescendingly patted them on the shoulder, saying outright nonsense about their works, it is gratifying to see an allegorical depiction of this collision as represented by the fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale.”
Artistic media
The author generously uses to depict the characters, the style of speech of the heroes, and describe the absurdity of the situation. First of all, opposition comes into play. The donkey, the personification of stubbornness and stupidity, contrasts with the Nightingale - a symbol of inspiration and poetry. Donkey's rough speech immediately reveals his uncouth and ambitious nature. He addresses the Nightingale in a simple way: buddy, master... The donkey has heard about the Nightingale’s charming singing, but doubts: “... is this really great... skill?” The Nightingale's answer - heavenly singing - delights everything around. The noun “skill” used by the Donkey is contrasted with the art revealed by the Nightingale.
The author offers a cascade of verbs that reinforce each other, conveying a uniquely beautiful trill: “clicked,” “whistled,” “shimmered,” “pulled,” “gently weakened,” “resounded like a pipe,” “scattered like a shot.” The fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale” depicts the complete harmony that arises in nature and in the souls of people from the Nightingale’s song. It is not for nothing that the author uses high vocabulary here: everyone listened to the pet, it became quiet, the herd lay down. There is a pastoral motif. The narrative reaches its climax when the shepherd boy listens to the Nightingale “breathing a little.” As soon as the song stops, Donkey throws out his ponderous assessment: “Pretty much!” Krylov multiplies the satirical effect by describing how a “profound” critic reacts to the singer’s reverent art: stupidly “staring at the ground with his forehead.” He just “can listen to the Nightingale without getting bored.” And of course, he considers himself a great connoisseur, so he believes that it is his duty to teach. The donkey importantly remarks, inserting here the colloquial word “perked up,” that the Nightingale would sing better if he “learned a little” from the rooster. The moral of the fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale” is expressed in a short and succinct phrase: “God, deliver us from such judges.” And in fact, false donkey authority is a great obstacle to the path of art, designed to ennoble life.
Krylov's fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale” in sheet music
The plot of Krylov’s story inspired Russian composers to create works of the same name on this topic. Dmitry Shostakovich, in his composition “Two Fables by I. Krylov,” conveyed with extraordinary expression the clash of life positions of the characters in melodic language. Rimsky-Korsakov's romance based on the words of a popular fable is also very expressive.
Incompetence, inertia, lack of tact, inability for subtle emotional impulses - these are the qualities that the fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale” ridicules, or rather, its author - the brilliant publicist, poet and translator Ivan Andreevich Krylov.
I. S. Turgenev wrote: “From childhood, Krylov was a typical Russian person all his life: his way of thinking, views, feelings and all his writings were truly Russian, and it can be said without any exaggeration that a foreigner who thoroughly studied Krylov’s fables will have a clearer idea of the Russian national character than if he reads many works treating this subject.”
In this lesson you will learn about another vice of Russian society, exposed by the great fabulist.
The fable that will be discussed was written more than a hundred years ago, but has not lost its relevance to this day.
Rice. 1. O. A. Kiprensky. “Portrait of I.A. Krylova", 1816 ()
The reason for the creation of the fable was an incident from the life of Krylov (Fig. 1): “Some nobleman (according to some - Count Razumovsky, according to others - Prince A. N. Golitsyn), perhaps following the example of the imp. Maria Fedorovna, who patronized the poet, and perhaps sincerely wishing to make his acquaintance, invited him to her place and asked him to read two or three fables. Krylov artistically read several fables, including one borrowed from La Fontaine. The nobleman listened to him favorably and thoughtfully said: “That’s good, but why don’t you translate like Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev?” “I can’t,” the poet answered modestly. That was the end of the conversation. Returning home, the fabulist, touched to the quick, poured out his bile in the fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale.” Kenevich V.F. From “Bibliographical and Historical Notes on Krylov’s Fables”
After the publication of Krylov’s fable, they began to call him “The Nightingale.” This nickname entered the literature.
Let's turn to the text of the fable.
Donkey and Nightingale (Fig. 2)
Rice. 2. Still from an animated film based on the fables of I.A. Krylov “In the world of fables” ()
The donkey saw the nightingale
And he says to him: “Listen, buddy!
You, they say, are a great master of singing.
I would really like
Judge for yourself, having heard your singing,
How great is your skill?
Here Nightingale began to show his art:
Clicked and whistled
On a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;
Then gently he weakened
And the languid sound of the pipe echoed in the distance,
Then it suddenly scattered in small fractions throughout the grove.
Everyone was paying attention then
To Aurora's favorite and singer:
The winds have died down, the choirs of birds have fallen silent,
And the herds lay down.
Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him
And only sometimes
Listening to the Nightingale, he smiled at the shepherdess
The singer has died. Donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead;
“Pretty much,” he says, “it’s not false to say,
I can listen to you without getting bored;
It's a pity that I don't know
You are with our rooster;
If only you had become more alert,
If only I could learn a little from him.”
Hearing this judgment, my poor Nightingale
He took off and flew to distant fields.
God, save us from such judges.
Vladislav Feofilovich Kenevich, a contemporary and the first systematic researcher of Krylov’s literary activity, wrote in “Bibliographical and Historical Notes on Krylov’s Fables”: “It is known that Krylov was incomparably stricter with himself than his readers: he rewrote the same fable many times , rewrote it every time and was satisfied only when there was not a single word left in it, which, as he put it, “had become boring to him.” That is why we can claim that every word in I.A.’s fable. Krylova carries a certain semantic load.
So, there are two key images in the fable: the Donkey and the Nightingale.
What words and expressions does the fabulist use to create the image of the Donkey? Let's turn to the dictionary.
"Buddy"- a familiar address to a friend (note that the Nightingale was not a friend of the Donkey, which gives his address even more familiarity and negligence, which allows us to conclude that the Donkey is ill-mannered).
Next is the word "workshop" seems to convey admiration. A craftsman is a master, a virtuoso in his field, and even to the superlative degree. But the consonance with the word “buddy”, and even the obvious tautology “great master” again negatively characterizes the Donkey, indicating his ignorance.
TAUTOLOGY(from the Greek tauto - “the same” and logos - “word, concept”) - repetition of the same thing in different words. As a stylistic device, it refers to the type of pleonasm (excess).
"Considerably",- says the Donkey, after listening to the Nightingale’s singing. “Fairly” means “considerably, excellently.” However, in explanatory dictionaries this word is always accompanied by the mark “colloquial,” which means “colloquial.” The same can be said about words "staring" And "perked up."
Participial turnover "staring at the ground with his forehead" reminds us of donkey stubbornness. And immediately after this is the advice to “learn a little” how to sing from the rooster, which, judging by the pronoun “our”, is a close friend of the Donkey. Now let us remember the famous proverb: “Tell me who your friend is, and I will tell you who you are.” The limited rooster is a friend of the equally ignorant Donkey.
The image of the Donkey makes the reader laugh. This image is called COMIC.
By what artistic means does Krylov convey the beauty and charm of the Nightingale’s singing?
The Nightingale's singing resembles a whole concert. To do this, Krylov uses a number of homogeneous members: verbs “clicked”, “whistled”, “gave”, “crumbled”. And also a comparison with a pipe, a metaphor "scattered into small fractions", epithet "languid" pipe.
The Nightingale's singing has a wonderful effect on everyone who hears it. He charmed everyone with his singing. He brought calm to both nature and people’s lives: “the winds died down,” “the birds fell silent,” “the herds of animals lay down,” “the shepherd admired the singing.”
Everyone was paying attention then
To Aurora's favorite and singer...
AURORA- goddess of the dawn (ancient Roman mythology).
Let us pay attention to one detail: the Nightingale does not speak at all, he only sings, by this the author shows that the ignorant (colloquial and colloquial) is alien to this hero, unlike the Donkey, who constantly says something, while using mainly colloquial and colloquial vocabulary.
The author uses the technique antitheses, contrasting the Nightingale, a master of his craft, a true singer of nature, who enchants with his singing, and the Donkey, stupid, ignorant, ill-mannered, who understands nothing of real art.
ANTITHESIS- a stylistic device based on a sharp contrast of concepts and images.
The fable describes a situation that often arises in real life. Someone self-confident and ignorant undertakes to judge something about which he has no idea.
The moral of the fable lies in the words: “God deliver us from such judges.” Using the technique of allegory, the fabulist conveys to his reader the idea that if real art is often judged by those who do not understand anything about it, like the Donkey, then true masters, like the Nightingale, have a hard time.
MORALITY- This is an instructive conclusion from the main narrative, which is given at the beginning or end of the fable.
ALLEGORY- allegory - depiction of an abstract concept through a concrete image.
The fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale” was written by Ivan Andreevich Krylov more than a hundred years ago, but has not yet lost its relevance, because such stupid judges as the Donkey can be found in life in our time.
- Krylov's fables [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http: ().
- Librarian.RU. Writers of the 19th century. Ivan Andreevich Krylov [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
- Ivan Krylov. 1769-1844 [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
- Krylov Ivan Andreevich [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
- Krylov Ivan Andreevich. Memoirs of Contemporaries [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
- Russian literature of the 19th century. Ivan Andreevich Krylov. 1760-1844 [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: ().
Homework
- Prepare for an expressive reading of I.A.’s fable. Krylov "Donkey and Nightingale".
- * Create an illustration for I.A.’s fable. Krylov “Donkey and Nightingale”, using some techniques for creating comic Images. For example grotesque (exaggeration): the huge head of the Donkey, as a sign of a “great” mind, but the exaggeratedly small figure of the Nightingale, emphasizing that his significance is not in his appearance, but in his ability to sing. Or detail. For example, Donkey has glasses, which he doesn’t need, because he can see perfectly well without them, so he doesn’t look into the glasses, but over them.
- * Suppose that the Donkey, because of his stubbornness, nevertheless decided to introduce the Nightingale to his friend the Rooster and wrote about it in a letter. The Nightingale is well-mannered and polite, so he answers Donkey’s letter. A small correspondence ensues. Come up with this correspondence (save the peculiarities of speech of each of the characters).
Literature lesson in 6th grade No. 9. Topic : Fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale". Comic image of a judge.
Target: Continue your acquaintance with the life and work of I.A. Krylov.
Planned results:
Subject: the student will learnunderstand the allegorical subtext of fables and their morals, expressively read fables by role (dramatized reading).
Metasubject:
Cognitive: be able to extract the necessary information from a listened or read text.
Regulatory: be able to analyze a poetic text.
Communicative: be able to read aloud and understand what is read.
Personal: development of moral consciousness and competence in solving moral problems based on personal choice; formation of a conscious and responsible attitude towards one’s own actions.
During the classes.
Organizing time.
Motivational-target stage.
The teacher reads a poem.
Who has not heard his living words?
Who hasn’t met him in their life?
Immortal creations of Krylov
Every year we love more and more.
From school desks we got along with them,
In those days, the primer was barely comprehended.
And remained in memory forever
Winged Krylov words.
Treasury of folk wisdom
In them it was revealed to people to the end,
He called hearts to goodness and truth.
The singer's inquisitive mind knew and saw everything,
Wanting one thing more than anything,
To live a free and happy life
His people and his homeland.
(M. Isakovsky)
Who are these words of M. Isakovsky about?
(About I.A. Krylov)
Presentation.
Are these illustrations familiar to you?
Are you familiar with this illustration?
(No, I’m not familiar. This is probably also a fable.)
This is the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale".
Try to formulate the topic of the lesson from the above and shown.
The topic of our lesson today: Ivan Andreevich Krylov. Fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale". Let's open the notebooks and write down the topic of the lesson in the notebook.
Work on the topic of the lesson.
PHYSMINUTE.
Introduction to I.A. Krylov’s fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale”
- dramatization of a fable.
Listening to phonochrestomathy.
Expressive reading by students themselves.
Working on the text of the fable.
Now you need to try to prove that this work is a fable. As you proceed, you will build a house from the characteristics of the genre and find out what is the foundation.
Alliteration – repetition of the consonants R, D, which convey the sounds of the Nightingale’s melody; repetition of vowels A, E, I, which convey the charm of singing;
Metaphor : pulled, shimmered, reverberated, scattered in small fractions, which show the liveliness, variety, and musicality of singing;
Comparison with a pipe.
Epithet : “languid” pipe.
Find a story, a moral.
Checking the diagram of the house.
What was the foundation in our house? (morality)
What is the moral of this fable?
(“God deliver us from such judges”)
- What if this sign is removed? What will happen to the genre?
Students come to the conclusion that this will no longer be a fable, but a poem or a fairy tale.This means that the main feature of a fable is morality.
The teacher's story about how the fable was written.
I.A. Krylov was invited to an evening with a noble nobleman, where he read his fables. At the end of this evening, the nobleman remarked to him that Krylov should learn to translate fables from Dmitriev. The fabulist was offended and wrote a fable in which he depicted the heroes in allegorical form.
Lesson summary. Grading.
Homework:
Draw an illustration for the fable.
Answer question No. 2, page 43.
Individual assignment: the history of the creation of the fable “Leaves and Roots” (pages 39-40 of the textbook);
