Here you can find a table of irregular English verbs with translation into Russian and transcription, videos on learning and memorizing irregular verbs, links.
There is a special category of verbs in the English language that does not follow generally accepted rules when forming the past participle. They are usually called “wrong”. Unlike “regular” verbs, which are appended with the ending –ed to form the past participle, these verbs either remain unchanged or take unusual forms that are not always easy to remember. For example:
put – put – put;
drive – drove – driven.
If the first verb is easy to learn and use in sentences, then the second one has to be learned directly by memorization.
Where did such difficulties with some verbs come from? Scientists have concluded that these are some kind of “fossils” left in the language from ancient times. During its development, the English language adopted a large number of words from other European languages, but some words remained unchanged. It is this category that irregular verbs belong to.
Table of irregular English verbs:
| VERB | PAST SIMPLE | PAST PARTICIPLE | TRANSLATION |
| abide [əbʌid] | abode [əbəud] | abode [əbəud] | endure, endure |
| arise [ə"raiz] | arose [ə"rəuz] | arisen [ə"riz(ə)n] | To arise, to happen |
| awake [ə"weik] | awoke [ə"wəuk] | awoken [ə"wəukən] | Wake up, wake up |
| be | was, were | been | Be |
| bear | bore | borne | carry, bear |
| beat | beat | beaten ["bi:tn] | Beat |
| become | became | become | Become |
| begin | began | begun | Start off |
| hold | beheld | beheld | contemplate, see |
| bend | bent | bent | Bend |
| bereave | bereft/bereaved | Deprive, take away | |
| beseech | bethought/beseeched | Beg, beg | |
| beset | beset | beset | Surround |
| bet | bet | bet | argue |
| bid | bid / bade | bidden | Offer, order |
| bind | bound | bound | Bind |
| bite | bit | bitten | bite, peck |
| bleed | bled | bled | Bleed |
| blow | blew | blown | Blow |
| break | broke | broken ["brouk(e)n] | Break |
| breed | bred | bred | Breed, multiply |
| bring | brought | brought | Bring |
| browbeat ["braubi:t] | browbeat ["braubi:t] | browbeaten ["braubi:tn]/ browbeat ["braubi:t] | Intimidate, intimidate |
| build | built | built | Build |
| burn | burnt | burnt | burn |
| burst | burst | burst | Break out |
| bust | busted | busted | Go bankrupt, go broke |
| buy | bought | bought | Buy |
| cast | cast | cast | Throw, throw away |
| catch | caught | caught | Catch, grab, catch |
| choose | chose [ʃəuz] | chosen | Choose |
| cleave | cleft | cleft | Split, cut |
| cling | clung | clung | cling, hold on |
| clothe | clothed/clad | Dress | |
| come | came | come | Come |
| cost | cost | cost | Cost |
| creep | crept | crept | Crawl |
| cut | cut | cut | Cut |
| deal | dealt | dealt | Deal with |
| dig | dug | dug | Dig |
| disprove | disproved | disproved/disproven | Refute |
| dive | dove | dived | Dive, submerge |
| do | did | done | Do |
| draw | drew | drawn | Draw, drag |
| dream | dream | dream | Dream, doze |
| drink | drank | drunk | Drink |
| drive | drove | driven ["drivn] | Drive |
| dwell | dwelt/dwelled | reside, inhabit | |
| eat | ate | eaten ["i:tn] | Eat |
| fall | fell | fallen ["fɔ:lən] | Fall |
| feed | fed | fed | Feed |
| feel | felt | felt | Feel |
| fight | fought | fought | Fight |
| find | found | found | Find |
| fit | fit | fit | Fit to size |
| flee | fled | fled | Run away, disappear |
| fling | flung | flung | Throw, throw |
| fly | flew | flown | Fly |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | Forbid |
| forgo (forego) | forewent | foregone | refuse, abstain |
| forecast ["fɔ:ka:st] | forecast ["fɔ:ka:st] | forecast ["fɔ:ka:st] | Forecast |
| foresee | foresaw | foreseen | Anticipate, predict |
| foretell | foretold | foretold | Predict, foretell |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | Forget |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | Forgive |
| forsake | forsook | forsaken | Leave, leave |
| freeze | froze | frozen ["frouzn] | Freeze |
| get | got | got | Receive |
| gild | gilt | gilt | Gild |
| give | gave | given | Giving |
| go | went | gone | Go |
| grind | ground | ground | Grind, grind |
| grow | grew | grown | Grow |
| hang | hung | hung | Hang |
| have | had | had | Have |
| hear | heard | heard | Hear |
| hide | hid | hidden ["hidn] | Hide |
| heave | heaved / hove | heaved / hove | Pull, push |
| hew | hewed | hewn/hewed/ | chop down, cut down |
| hit | hit | hit | Hit the target |
| hide | hid | hidden | Hide, hide |
| hold | held | held | Hold |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | Hurt |
| inlay [ɪnˈleɪ] | inlaid [ɪnˈleɪd] | inlaid [ɪnˈleɪd] | invest (money), inlay |
| input [ˈɪnpʊt] | input [ˈɪnpʊt] | input [ˈɪnpʊt] | Enter, enter |
| interweave [ɪntəˈwiːv] | interwove [ɪntəˈwəʊv] | interwoven [ɪntəˈwəʊv(ə)n] | Weave |
| keep | kept | kept | Contain |
| kneel | knelt | knelt | Kneel |
| knit | knit | knit | Knit, darn |
| know | knew | known | Know |
| lay | laid | laid | Putting |
| lead | led | led | News |
| lean | leant | leant | Tilt |
| leap | leapt | leapt | Jump, gallop |
| learn | learn | learn | Learn |
| leave | left | left | Leave |
| lend | tape | tape | Occupy |
| let | let | let | Let |
| lie | lay | lain | Lie |
| light | lit | lit | illuminate |
| lose | lost | lost | Lose |
| make | made | made | Produce |
| mean | meant | meant | To mean |
| meet | met | met | Meet |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken | To be wrong |
| mow | mowed | town | Mow, cut |
| overcome [əʊvəˈkʌm] | overcame [əʊvəˈkeɪm] | overcome [əʊvəˈkʌm] | overcome, overcome |
| pay | paid | paid | To pay |
| plead | declare / pled | Beg, beg | |
| prove | proved | proven | Prove |
| put | put | put | Put |
| quit | quit | quit | Go out |
| read | read | read | Read |
| relay | relayed | relayed | Transmit, broadcast |
| rid | rid | rid | To deliver, to liberate |
| ride | rode | ridden ["ridn] | Ride a horse |
| ring | rank | rung | Ring |
| rise | rose | risen ["rizn] | Get up |
| run | ran | run | Run |
| saw | sawed | sawed / sawn | saw, saw |
| say | said | said | Speak |
| see | saw | seen | See |
| seek | sought | sought | Search |
| sell | sold | sold | Sell |
| send | sent | sent | Send |
| set | set | set | Put |
| sew | sewed | sewn | Sew |
| shake [ʃeik] | shook [ʃuk] | shaken ["ʃeik(ə)n] | Shake |
| shave [ʃeɪv] | shaved [ʃeɪvd] | shaved [ʃeɪvd]/ shaven [ʃeɪvən] | Shave, shave |
| shear [ʃɪə] | sheared [ʃɪəd] | sheared [ʃɪəd]/ shorn [ʃɔ:n] | Cut, cut |
| shed [ʃed] | shed [ʃed] | shed [ʃed] | Spill, lose |
| shine [ʃaɪn] | shone [ʃoʊn] | shone [ʃoʊn] | Shine, shine |
| shit [ʃit] | shit [ʃit] | shit [ʃit] | Shit |
| shoe [ʃu:] | shod [ʃɒd] | shod [ʃɒd] | Shoe, shoe |
| shoot [ʃu:t] | shot [ʃɒt] | shot [ʃɒt] | Shoot, take pictures |
| show [ʃəu] | showed [ʃəud] | shown [ʃəun] | Show |
| shrink [ʃriŋk] | shrank [ʃræŋk] | shrunk [ʃrʌŋk] | Reduce |
| shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | Close |
| sing | sang | sung | Sing |
| sink | sank, sunk | sunk | Drown |
| sit | sat | sat | Sit |
| slay | slew | slain | Kill, put to death |
| sleep | slept | slept | Sleep |
| slide | slide | slide | Slide |
| sling | slung | slung | Hang |
| slink | slunk/slinked | Slip away | |
| slit | slit | slit | Cut, cut |
| smell | smelt | smelt | Smell, feel |
| smite | smote | smitten [ˈsmɪtn] | Hit, hit |
| sow | sowed | south | Sow |
| speak | spoke | spoken ["spouk(e)n] | Speak |
| speed | sped | sped | Hurry, rush |
| spell | spelled | spelled | To spell |
| spend | spent | spent | Spend |
| spill | spilt | spilt | Shed |
| spin | spun | spun | Twist, twirl |
| spit | spit/spat | spit/spat | Spit |
| split | split | split | Divide, break |
| spoiler | spoilt | spoilt | Spoil |
| spread | spread | spread | spread out |
| spring | sprang | sprung | Jump |
| stand | stood | stood | Stand |
| steal | stole | stolen ["stəulən] | Steal |
| stick | stuck | stuck | Stab |
| sting | stung | stung | Sting |
| stink | stank | stunk | Stink, smell |
| strew | strewed | strewn | To sprinkle |
| stride | strode | stridden | Step |
| strike | struck | struck / stricken | Strike, strike |
| string | strung | strung | string, hang |
| strive | strive / strive | Try, try | |
| swear | swore | sworn | swear, swear |
| sweat | sweat / sweated | Sweat | |
| sweep | swept | swept | Sweep |
| swell | swelled | swollen ["swoul(e)n] | Swell |
| swim | swam | swum | Swim |
| swing | swung | swung | Sway |
| take | took | taken ["teik(ə)n] | Take, take |
| teach | taught | taught | Learn |
| tear | tore | torn | Tear |
| tell | told | told | Tell |
| think [θiŋk] | thought [θɔ:t] | thought [θɔ:t] | Think |
| throw [θrəu] | threw [θru:] | thrown [θrəun] | Throw |
| thrust [θrʌst] | thrust [θrʌst] | thrust [θrʌst] | Stick it in, stick it in |
| thread | trod | trodden | Trample, crush |
| [ʌndəˈɡəʊ] | passed [ʌndə"wɛnt] | undergone [ʌndə"ɡɒn] | experience, endure |
| understand [ʌndə"stænd] | understood [ʌndə"stud] | understood [ʌndə"stud] | Understand |
| undertake [ʌndəˈteɪk] | undertook [ʌndəˈtʊk] | took [ʌndəˈteɪk(ə)n] | undertake, commit |
| undo ["ʌn"du:] | undid ["ʌn"dɪd] | undone ["ʌn"dʌn] | Destroy, cancel |
| upset [ʌp"set] | upset [ʌp"set] | upset [ʌp"set] | Upset, upset |
| wake | woke up | woken ["wouk(e)n] | Wake up |
| wear | wore | worn | Wear |
| weave | wove / weaved | wove / weaved | Weave, weave |
| wed | wed / wedded ["wɛdɪd] | wed / wedded ["wɛdɪd] | Marry |
| weep | wept | wept | Cry |
| wet | wet | wet | Get wet |
| win | won | won | Win |
| wind | wound | wound | Wriggle |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | Remove, delete |
| withhold | withheld | withheld | Hold, hide |
| withstand | withstood | withstood | Withstand, resist |
| wring | wrung | wrung | Squeeze, twist |
| write | wrote | written ["ritn] | Write |
Video on learning and memorizing irregular English verbs:
Top 100 irregular verbs in English.
In this video, the author analyzes the most popular irregular verbs in the English language (top 100, compiled by himself). Examples are given for all irregular verbs, voiceovers, etc. The most commonly used irregular verbs come first, then the least used.
Pronunciation of irregular English verbs.
British version of English irregular verbs. The author gives you the opportunity to repeat after him and thus hone the correct pronunciation of irregular verbs.
Learning irregular English verbs using rap.
An interesting video for learning English irregular verbs superimposed on rap.
Examples of using irregular verbs:
| 1. I could swim when I was five. | 1. I knew how to swim when I was five years old. |
| 2.Peter became an entrepreneur by chance. | 2. Peter became an entrepreneur by accident. |
| 3. He took another day off. | 3. He took another day off. |
| 4. They had two cats and a dog. | 4. They had two cats and one dog. |
| 5.We did lots of work yesterday. | 5. We did a lot of work yesterday. |
| 6.Jane ate the last piece of cake. | 6. Jane ate the last piece of pie. |
| 7. He got another chance to gain her heart. | 7. He got another chance to win her heart. |
| 8. I gave my old bycicle to the neighbor's son. | 8. I gave my old bicycle to my neighbor's son. |
| 9. We went shopping to the mall two days ago.. | 9. We went shopping in the nearest shopping center two days ago. |
| 10. She made a rather delicious pasta. | 10. She made quite tasty pasta. |
| 11.Have you bought a new car? | 11. Did you buy a new car? |
| 12. We've driven all the way down to her house. | 12. We drove all the way to her house. |
| 13. She's grown so much since we last saw her. | 13. She has grown so much since we last saw her. |
| 14. Have you ever ridden a trycicle? | 14. Have you ever ridden a tricycle? |
| 15. You don't need to repeat twice, as it is understood. | 15. You don’t need to repeat it twice, since everything is clear. |
| 16. Their dog has bitten my sister today. | 16. Their dog bit my sister today. |
| 17.Have you chosen your future profession? | 17. Have you chosen your future profession? |
| 18. We've completely forgotten to call the Smiths. | 18. We completely forgot to call the Smiths. |
| 19. I've hidden a folder and now I can"t find it. | 19. I hid the folder and now I can’t find it. |
| 20. It was thought to be necessary for him. | 20. Everyone thought that this would benefit him. |
Ladies and gentlemen, it's time for shameless and daring cramming! This is how you can remember the most commonly used irregular verbs with pronunciation, which we have carefully selected for you, just as the leaves of the best varieties of tea are selected. Autumn is in full swing - brew some tea and let's go over the 3 forms of irregular verbs. Let's go!
Good to know that some of these verbs have the same spelling and pronunciation of all 3 forms, but there is also an insidious verb read, 2 and 3 forms of which are read . So pay attention! And don't screw this up!
Basic irregular verbs with the same forms
So, at first it will be much easier to memorize the above-mentioned irregular verbs of the English language than to cram everything. Here they are:
bet bet
burst explode)
cast cast a shadow, drop
cost cost, estimate
cut cut
fit fit (about clothes)
hit hit, strike
hurt injure, hurt, damage
let allow, allow
put put, put
quit leave, leave
rid rid
set install, install, configure
shed[ʃed] to shed (tears)
shit shit
shut[ʃʌt] close
slit cut
split divide, split, split
spread distribute
wet wet
In general, there are as many as 638 irregular verbs in the English language. But, fortunately, about 200+ are mostly used, and of these, the 100 most popular ones are used. Of course, you can learn all 638 and write a bestseller or retell Shakespeare in English. But do you really need that?
3 more verbs, the 1st and 3rd forms of which are the same:
come came come come
become became become become
run ran run run
Ways to form irregular verbs
So, easy! If the verb in Past Simple and Past Participle does not have the ending “- ed"(I felt / she has forgiven) - then he wrong, that is, verbs forming the Past Simple and Past Participle forms don't add ending «- ed» to the infinitive form, but are formed in other wonderful ways.
Like this, for example:
- Change root vowels on " o"and adding graduation To 3 form:
break[brek] br o ke br o k en["brəuk(ə)n] (c)break
choose ch o se ch o se n["tʃəuz(ə)n] choose
forget forg o t forg o t ten forget
freeze fr o ze fr o ze n freeze, freeze
get g o t gott en["gɔtn] receive
speak sp o ke sp o ke n["spəuk(ə)n] talk
steal st o le st o le n["stəulən] steal
tear t o re t o r n tear
wake w o ke w o ke n["wəuk(ə)n] wake up
wear w o re w o r n put on
- Change root vowels on " o» only in 2 verb form:
drive dr o ve driven ["drɪv(ə)n] to drive a car
ride r o de ridden ["rɪd(ə)n] to ride on horseback
rise r o se risen ["rɪz(ə)n] rise
write wr o te written ["rɪt(ə)n] write
- Appearing in 2 form graduation «- ew", and in 3 — «- own"
blow bl ew bl own blow
fly fl ew fl own fly
grow gr ew gr own grow, grow
know kn ew kn own know
throw[θrəu]thr ew[θru:]thr own[θrəun] to throw
- Changing endings 2 And 3 forms on "- ought" And "- aught»
bring br ought br ought bring
buy b ought b ought buy
catch c aught c aught catch
fight f ought f ought fight
seek s ought s ought search
teach t aught t aught teach
think[θɪŋk]th ought[θɔ:t]th ought[θɔ:t] to think
- Change " ee" on " e» in 2 And 3 verb form + change in pronunciation
keep k e pt k e pt hold
sleep sl e pt sl e pt sleep
feel f e lt f e lt feel
bleed bl e dbl e d bleed
feed f e d f e d feed
meet m e t m e t meet
lead l e d l e d lead
- Alternating vowels at the root of the word in all 3 forms according to the principle “ i-a-u»:
begin beg a nbeg u n start
drink dr a nk dr u nk drink
ring r a ng r u ng call
shrink[ʃrɪŋk] shr a nk [ʃræŋk] shr u nk [ʃrʌŋk] to shrink
sing s a ng s u ng sing
sink s a nk s u nk to sink, to sink
spring spr a ng spr u ng to arise, jump out
swim sw a m sw u m swim
- And now! The most incorrect English verbs at all! They are so wrong that Dr. Evil himself (from the Austin Powers films) would be shocked! They defy explanation and logic, they do whatever they want, in a word, they are simply destroyers of the system! But what are the necessary and useful ones:
be was/were been to be, to be
do did done do
go went gone go
have had had have
make made made do, manufacture
- Is there some more incorrect and at the same time correct verbs, kind of inverted verbs. Check it out!
| VERB | 2 FORM | 3 FORM | TRANSLATION |
|---|---|---|---|
| bereave | bereft/bereaved | deprive | |
| bet | bet/betted | bet/betted | bet |
| broadcast["brɔ:dkɑ:st] | broadcast/broadcasted |
broadcast/broadcasted |
broadcast, transmit |
| burn | burned/burnt |
burned/burnt |
burn, burn |
| bust | busted/bust |
busted/bust |
organize a raid |
| chide | chided/chid |
chided/chidden |
scold |
| clothe | clothed/clad |
clothed/clad |
dress |
| crow | crew/crowed |
crowed | crow, shout joyfully croak, sneer |
| dive | dived/dove |
dived | dive |
| dream | dreamed/dreamt |
dreamed/dreamt |
dream, dream |
| forecast["fɔ:kɑ:st] | forecast/forecasted ["fɔ:kɑ:st/"fɔ:kɑ:sted] |
forecast/forecasted ["fɔ:kɑ:st/"fɔ:kɑ:sted] |
to predict the weather) make a forecast |
| gild | gild/gilded |
gild/gilded |
gild gild |
| gird | girt/girded | girt/girded | surround, tighten (belt) attach a sword to a belt |
| hamstring["hæmstrɪŋ] | hamstringed/hamstrung ["hæmstrɪŋd/"hæmstrʌŋ] |
hamstringed/hamstrung ["hæmstrɪŋd/"hæmstrʌŋ] |
cut, mutilate |
| lean | lean/lean |
lean/lean |
tilt) bend |
| leap | leapt/leaped |
leapt/leaped |
jump, gallop |
| learn | learned/learnt |
learned/learnt |
study) |
| light | lit/lighted |
lit/lighted |
light up, illuminate |
| shrive[ʃraɪv] | shrove/shrived [ʃrəuv/ʃraɪvd] |
shriven/shrived ["ʃrɪv(ə)n/ʃraɪvd] |
confess repent |
| spell | spelled/spelled |
spelled/spelled |
spell or spell to bewitch, to bewitch |
| spill | spilt/spilled |
spilt/spilled |
spill, spill spill, spill |
| spoilv | spoiled/spoilt |
spoiled/spoilt |
(is)spoil |
| thrive[θraɪv] | throve/thrived [θrəuv/θraɪvd] |
thriven/thrived ["θrɪv(ə)n/θraɪvd] |
prosper prosper |
| wake | woke/awakened |
woken/awakened ["wəuk(ə)n/weɪkt] |
wake up |
We recommend remembering the form that is most familiar to you. After all, even the verb “ work" has irregular forms Past Indefinite and Past Participle (in both cases wrought), but it is outdated and practically not used. Create your own lists of irregular verbs and distribute them into categories that are convenient for you to memorize. And everything will be just fine!
100 most popular irregular verbs in English
| Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| be | was/were | been | to be, to be |
| beat | beat | beaten | beat, pound |
| become | became | become | become |
| be | was/were | been | to be, to be |
| begin | began | begun | start off |
| bend | bent | bent | bend |
| bet | bet | bet | bet |
| bite | bit | bitten | bite |
| blow | blew | blown | blow, exhale |
| break | broke | broken | break, smash destroy |
| bring | brought | brought | bring, bring deliver |
| build | built | built | build, construct |
| buy | bought | bought | buy, acquire |
| catch | caught | caught | catch, catch grab |
| choose | chose | chosen | choose, elect |
| come | came | come | come, approach |
| cost | cost | cost | cost, cost |
| cut | cut | cut | cut, cut |
| deal | dealt | dealt | deal, distribute |
| dig | dug | dug | dig, dig |
| do | did | done | do, perform |
| draw | drew | drawn | draw, draw |
| drink | drank | drunk | drink |
| drive | drove | driven | ride, give a ride |
| eat | ate | eaten | eat, absorb eat |
| fall | fell | fallen | fall |
| feed | fed | fed | feed |
| feel | felt | felt | feel, feel |
| fight | fought | fought | fight, fight fight |
| find | found | found | find, discover |
| fly | flew | flown | fly |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | forget about (something) |
| be | was/were | been | to be, to be |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | forgive |
| freeze | froze | frozen | freeze, freeze |
| get | got | got | receive, get |
| give | gave | given | give, give, donate |
| go | went | gone | go, move |
| grow | grew | grown | grow, grow up |
| hang | hung | hung | hang up, hang up hang |
| have | had | had | have, possess |
| hear | heard | heard | hear, hear |
| hide | hid | hidden | hide, hide |
| hit | hit | hit | hit, strike |
| hold | held | held | hold, hold detain |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | injure, bruise to cause a pain |
| keep | kept | kept | store, save support |
| know | knew | known | know, have an idea |
| lay | laid | laid | put cover |
| lead | led | led | lead, accompany lead |
| leave | left | left | leave, leave leave, leave |
| lend | tape | tape | lend lend (lend) |
| let | let | let | allow, allow |
| lie | lay | lain | lie |
| light | lit | lit | light up, glow illuminate |
| lose | lost | lost | lose, be deprived lose |
| make | made | made | do, create manufacture |
| mean | meant | meant | mean, mean mean |
| meet | met | met | meet, get acquainted |
| pay | paid | paid | pay, pay pay off |
| put | put | put | put, place put |
| read | read | read | read, read |
| ride | rode | ridden | ride, ride |
| ring | rank | rung | ring, ring |
| rise | rose | risen | ascend, rise get up |
| run | ran | run | run, run |
| say | said | said | talk, say pronounce |
| see | saw | seen | see |
| seek | sought | sought | search, look for |
| sell | sold | sold | sell, trade |
| send | sent | sent | send, send send |
| set | set | set | install, set assign |
| shake | shook | shaken | shake, shake |
| shine | shone | shone | shine, shine, illuminate |
| shoot | shot | shot | fire |
| show | showed | shown/showed | show |
| shut | shut | shut | close, lock shut |
| sing | sang | sung | sing, hum |
| sink | sank | sunk | to sink, to sink |
| sit | sat | sat | sit, sit down |
| sleep | slept | slept | sleep |
| speak | spoke | spoken | talk, talk speak out |
| spend | spent | spent | spend, spend spend time) |
| stand | stood | stood | stand |
| steal | stole | stolen | steal, steal |
| stick | stuck | stuck | glue |
| strike | struck | struck/stricken | hit, beat hit |
| swear | swore | sworn | swear, swear |
| sweep | swept | swept | sweep/sweep swipe |
| swim | swam | swum | swim/float |
| swing | swung | swung | swing, spin |
| take | took | taken | take, grab, take |
| teach | taught | taught | teach, educate |
| tear | tore | torn | tear, tear off |
| tell | told | told | tell |
| think | thought | thought | think, think ponder |
| throw | threw | thrown | throw, throw throw |
| understand | understood | understood | understand, comprehend |
| wake | woke up | woken | wake up, wake up |
| wear | wore | worn | wear clothes) |
| win | won | won | win, win |
| write | wrote | written | write, record |
Memory game
We are talking about the analogy of a card “fool”. Irregular verbs in English are written on the cards, each form on a separate card. One deck contains about 20 verbs, that's 60 cards. Players are dealt 6 cards. The one with the initial form of the verb goes first. The next one must put the first or second form of this verb, or another verb in the initial form. For example: the first player makes a move with “go”, the second must put “went” or “gone”, or another verb in the initial form, for example, “come”. Further - by analogy. There is also a joker - this is a verb in which all forms are the same, for example “hit-hit-hit”. With the Joker, you can change the top card, that is, order the form of the verb that the owner of the Joker needs. If there are no suitable cards, then you need to take from the deck until you get one. The deck is disassembled to the end, and the one who does not have a single card left wins. The game is going great! Try it!
We hope that learning English irregular verbs will now become easier! And so that you have no doubts, we invite you to take a trial lesson! Don't be shy ;)
Big and friendly EnglishDom family
Irregular Verbs in English, these are verbs that have special forms (Past Simple) and (Past Participle). Among them there are both very common ones (feel - to feel, speak - to speak) and rare ones (cleave - to cut, forswear - to renounce). The tables below show common irregular verbs.
Read also:
Despite the fact that irregular verbs change in a special way, they still have some regularity. In the table below, the verbs are given with translation and transcription and are distributed based on the coincidence of forms:
- Verbs AAA - all three forms are the same (cut - cut - cut, cut).
- ABA verbs – the 1st and 3rd forms coincide (run – ran – run, run).
- Verbs ABC – the 2nd and 3rd forms coincide (teach – taught – taught, teach).
- ABC verbs – all forms are different (know – knew – known, know).
Inside the table, words are distributed not alphabetically, but by frequency, i.e. the higher the word, the more often it is used. Attached to the tables pdf files– you can print them out, stick them on cardboard and cut out cards for learning words.
| AAA verbs: the same in three forms Download PDF | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Translation | Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle |
| put | put |
put |
put |
| let | let |
let |
let |
| cut | cut |
cut |
cut |
| put (install) | set |
set |
set |
| bet | bet |
bet |
bet |
| throw (cast metal) | cast |
cast |
cast |
| cost | cost |
cost |
cost |
| beat | hit |
hit |
hit |
| to cause a pain | hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
| to knit | knit |
knit |
knit |
| stop | quit |
quit |
quit |
| distribute | spread |
spread |
spread |
| ABA type verbs: forms 1 and 3 match | |||
| run | run |
ran |
run |
| come | come |
came |
come |
| become | become |
became |
become |
| Verbs like ABB: forms 2 and 3 match | |||
| read | read |
read |
read |
| teach (gain knowledge) | learn |
learn (learned) |
learn (learned) |
| think | think [θiŋk] |
thought [θɔ:t] |
thought [θɔ:t] |
| teach (educate) | teach |
taught |
taught |
| smell (smell) | smell |
smelt |
smelt |
| hear | hear |
heard |
heard |
| hold | hold |
held |
held |
| bring | bring |
brought |
brought |
| stand | stand |
stood |
stood |
| lose (lose) | lose |
lost |
lost |
| meet | meet |
met |
met |
| lead | lead |
led |
led |
| understand | understand [ʌndə’stænd] |
understood [ʌndə’stud] |
understood [ʌndə’stud] |
| win | win |
won |
won |
| buy | buy |
bought |
bought |
| send | send |
sent |
sent |
| sell | sell |
sold |
sold |
| catch | catch |
caught |
caught kɔ:t] |
| fight | fight |
fought |
fought |
| put (lay) | lay |
laid |
laid |
| sit | sit |
sat |
sat |
| bind | bind |
bound |
bound |
| bleed | bleed |
bled |
bled |
| build | build |
built |
built |
| burn | burn |
burnt |
burnt |
| deal with | deal |
dealt |
dealt |
| dig | dig |
dug |
dug |
| feed | feed |
fed |
fed |
| hang | hang |
hung |
hung |
| hide | hide |
hid |
hidden [‘hɪdn] |
| lean | lean |
lean (leaned) |
lean (leaned) |
| lend (to someone) | lend |
tape |
tape |
| illuminate | light |
lit |
lit |
| ride | ride |
rode |
ridden [‘rɪdn] |
| sew | sew |
sewed |
sewed (sewn) |
| spell or spell | spell |
spelled |
spelled |
| shed | spill |
spilt |
spilt |
| spit | spit |
spat (spit) |
spat (spit) |
| spoil | spoiler |
spoilt |
spoilt |
| stick | stick |
stuck |
stuck |
| strike | strike |
struck |
struck |
| sweep | sweep |
swept |
swept |
| cry | weep |
wept |
wept |
| twist | wind |
wound |
wound |
| Verbs likeABC: all forms are different |
|||
| go | go |
went |
gone |
| know | know |
knew |
known |
| take | take |
took |
taken [‘teik(ə)n] |
| see | see |
saw |
seen |
| give | give |
gave |
given |
| write | write |
wrote |
written [‘ritn] |
| speak | speak |
spoke |
spoken [‘spouk(e)n] |
| drive a car | drive |
drove |
driven [‘drivn] |
| break | break |
broke |
broken [‘brouk(e)n] |
| wear clothes) | wear |
wore |
worn |
| There is | eat |
ate |
eaten [‘i:tn] |
| drink | drink |
drank |
drunk |
| draw (draw) | draw |
drew |
drawn |
| steal | steal |
stole |
stolen [‘stəulən] |
| throw | throw [θrəu] |
threw [θru:] |
thrown [θrəun] |
| blow | blow |
blew |
blown |
| fall | fall |
fell |
fallen [‘fɔ:lən] |
| start off | begin |
began |
begun |
| forget | forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
| forgive | forgive |
forgave |
forgiven |
| fly | fly |
flew |
flown |
| freeze (freeze) | freeze |
froze |
frozen [‘frouzn] |
| grow | grow |
grew |
grown |
| call | ring |
rank |
rung |
| shake | shake [ʃeik] |
shook [ʃuk] |
shaken [‘ʃeik(ə)n] |
| sing | sing |
sang |
sung |
| stink | stink |
stank (stunk) |
stunk |
| try | strive |
strove |
striven [‘strɪvn] |
| to swear | swear |
swore |
sworn |
| tear | tear |
tore |
torn |
| wake | wake |
woke up |
woken [‘wouk(e)n] |
Pay attention to the words read And wind. In the 2nd and 3rd forms read is read as . And the verb wind - to twist, should not be confused with the noun wind - wind.
The ten most basic irregular verbs
Among the commonly used irregular verbs we can distinguish the most basic. You need to know them first. Start learning verbs from them, and not in alphabetical order. You can learn them in literally 5 – 10 minutes.
| Translation | Infinitive (1st form) | Past Simple (2nd form) | Past Participle (3rd form) |
|---|---|---|---|
| go | go |
went |
gone |
| know | know |
knew |
known |
| think | think [θiŋk] |
thought [θɔ:t] |
thought [θɔ:t] |
| take | take |
took |
taken [‘teik(ə)n] |
| see | see |
saw |
seen |
| give | give |
gave |
given |
| write | write |
wrote |
written [‘ritn] |
| speak | speak |
spoke |
spoken [‘spouk(e)n] |
| hear | hear |
heard |
heard |
| buy | buy |
bought |
bought |
These verbs need to be learned first
Notes:
- Over time, some verbs have almost turned from irregular to regular. For example, even in not very old textbooks it is written that the verb to work– irregular, it has the forms: work – wrought – wrought. Now the form wrought is hardly used except in established expressions like “wrought iron,” so I have not included it in this table.
- Verbs to learn(learn), to lean(lean) are also more often used as correct: learned, leaned, especially in the USA.
- Pay attention to the forms read – read – read. The word is written the same, but read differently.
- Don't confuse the verb wind(twist) and noun wind- wind. They are spelled the same, but have different pronunciation and meanings.
- In the British version the verbs sew pronounced like
Verb- this is an independent part of speech that answers the questions what to do?, what to do? (to be, to study, to dream, to go...)
According to the method of formation of past tense forms (V2) and past participles (V3), all verbs of the English language are divided into 2 groups: regular verbs (Regular Verbs) and irregular verbs (Irregular verbs).
The English verb has three forms. Verb forms are designated by Roman numerals I, II, III.
I form(or an infinitive without to), for example: to make (to do) – make – the first, or main form, which answers the question what to do?, what to do? Using the first form of the verb, the Present Simple Tense is formed. When forming Present Simple Tense, the ending is added to the I form of the verb in the 3rd person singular (he, she, it – he, she, it) –s or -es(he jumpes, she jumpes, it jumpes, he cries, she cries, it cries, he does, she does, it does) . With other pronouns (I, we, you, you, they - I, we, you, you, they) the I form of the verb is used without changes.
II form serves to form the simple past tense (Past Simple Tense). When forming the simple past tense, both regular and irregular verbs are used. Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding a suffix to the stem I form –ed(jump – jumped – jump – jumped) . If the verb is not regular, then its past tense form corresponds to the second column in the table of irregular verbs (be – was/were, do – did, make – made).
III form- Participle II (Participle II) is a special form of the verb that denotes the attribute of an object by action and answers the questions of the adjective (lost, baked, made). For regular verbs, form III coincides with form II: jump (I) – jumped (II) – jumped (III) (jump – jumped – jumped). II and III forms of irregular verbs can be formed in various ways, indicated below.
Regular verbs
Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding a suffix to the stem I form -ed (-d), which is pronounced like:
- [ d] after vowels and voiced consonants: to clean (clean) – cleaned (cleaned); to play (play) - played (played);
- [ t] after the deaf ones: to work (work) – worked (worked), to look (look) – looked (looked);
- after [d] And [t]: to want (want) – wanted (wanted), to mend (repair) – mended (repaired).
When forming II and III forms of verbs, pay attention to the following spelling rules:
- If the I form is a short root syllable and ends with one consonant, then when adding the ending –ed the last vowel of the root is doubled: to stop (stop) – sto pped(has stopped).
- -y, preceded by a consonant, the letter y changes to i: to carry (carry) - carried (carried), to study (study) - studied (studied). But if the stem of the verb ends in -y, preceded by a vowel, then simply adds to the base of the verb - ed: to play (play) – played (played), to stay (stay) – stayed (stayed).
- If the stem of the verb ends in -e, which is not pronounced, then II and III forms of the verb are formed by adding the ending - d: to arrive (arrive) – arrived (arrived).
Irregular Verbs
Irregular Verbs- these are verbs that have special, fixed forms of the past tense and participles; their forms do not have a clear formation algorithm and are acquired by memorizing: to make (to do) - made (made) - made (made). Most English irregular verbs are native English, derived from verbs that existed in Old English. Most irregular verbs exist as remnants of historical conjugation systems (changing the verb according to persons - I'm going, you're going, he's going...).
Irregular verbs are used to form the past simple (Past Simple), present perfect (Present Simple), past perfect tenses (Past Perfect), in passive voice (Passive voice), when converting direct speech into indirect speech (Reported speech), in conditional sentences ( Conditional sentences).
table of irregular verbs
| Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle | Translation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| arise | [ə"raiz] | arose | [ə"rəuz] | arises | [ə"riz(ə)n] | arise, appear |
| awake | [ə"weik] | awoke | [ə"wəuk] | awoken | [ə"wəukən] | wake up, wake up |
| be | was,were | , | been | be | ||
| bear | bore | born | give birth, bring | |||
| beat | beat | beaten | ["bi:tn] | beat | ||
| become | became | become | become | |||
| begin | began | begun | start off) | |||
| bend | bent | bent | bend, bend | |||
| bind | bound | bound | bind | |||
| bite | bit | bitten | ["bɪtn] | bite) | ||
| bleed | bled | bled | bleed | |||
| blow | blew | blown | blow | |||
| break | broke | broken | ["broukən] | break) | ||
| breed | bred | bred | bring up | |||
| bring | brought | brought | bring | |||
| build | built | built | build | |||
| burn | burnt | burnt | burn, burn | |||
| burst | burst | burst | burst out, explode | |||
| buy | bought | bought | buy | |||
| cast | cast | cast | throw, pour (metal) | |||
| catch | caught | caught | catch, grab | |||
| choose | chose | chosen | ["tʃouzən] | choose, select | ||
| come | came | come | come | |||
| cost | cost | cost | cost | |||
| cut | cut | cut | cut | |||
| dig | dug | dug | dig, dig | |||
| do | did | done | do | |||
| draw | drew | drawn | draw, drag | |||
| dream | dream | dream | dream, dream | |||
| drink | drank | drunk | drink | |||
| drive | drove | driven | ["drɪvən] | drive | ||
| eat | ate | eaten | ["i:tn] | There is | ||
| fall | fell | fallen | ["fɔ:lən] | fall | ||
| feed | fed | fed | feed | |||
| feel | felt | felt | feel | |||
| fight | fought | fought | fight | |||
| find | found | found | find | |||
| fit | fit | fit | fit to size | |||
| fly | flew | flown | fly | |||
| forget | forgot | forgotten | forget | |||
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | forgive | |||
| freeze | froze | frozen | ["frouzən] | freeze | ||
| get | got | got | receive | |||
| give | gave | given | ["gɪvən] | give | ||
| go | went | gone | go, walk | |||
| grow | grew | grown | grow | |||
| hang | hung | hung | hang, hang out | |||
| have | had | had | have | |||
| hear | heard | heard | hear | |||
| hide | hid | hidden | ["hɪdn] | hide | ||
| hit | hit | hit | hit the target | |||
| hold | held | held | hold | |||
| hurt | hurt | hurt | injure, bruise | |||
| keep | kept | kept | keep, save | |||
| kneel | knelt | knelt | kneel | |||
| knit | knit | knit | knit (knitting) | |||
| know | knew | known | know | |||
| lay | laid | laid | put | |||
| lead | led | led | lead, lead | |||
| lean | leant | leant | tilt | |||
| learn | learn | learn | learn | |||
| leave | left | left | leave, leave | |||
| lend | tape | tape | borrow, borrow | |||
| let | let | let | let | |||
| lie | lay | lain | lie | |||
| light | lit | lit | illuminate, light up | |||
| lose | lost | lost | lose | |||
| make | made | made | do | |||
| mean | meant | meant | to mean | |||
| meet | met | met | meet | |||
| mistake | mistook | mistaken | be wrong | |||
| pay | paid | paid | to pay | |||
| put | put | put | put, put | |||
| read | read | read | read | |||
| ride | rode | ridden | ["rɪdn] | ride | ||
| ring | rank | rung | call, ring | |||
| rise | rose | risen | ["rɪzən] | get up | ||
| run | ran | run | run | |||
| say | said | said | speak | |||
| see | saw | seen | see | |||
| seek | sought | sought | search | |||
| sell | sold | sold | sell | |||
| send | sent | sent | send | |||
| set | set | set | put, put | |||
| shake | [ʃeɪk] | shook | [ʃʊk] | shaken | ["ʃeɪkən] | shake |
| shine | [ʃaɪn] | shone | [ʃoun, ʃɒn] | shone | [ʃoun, ʃɒn] | shine, shine, glisten |
| shoot | [ʃu:t] | shot | [ʃɒt] | shot | [ʃɒt] | fire |
| show | [ʃou] | showed | [ʃoud] | shown | [ʃoun] | show |
| shrink | [ʃriŋk] | shrank | [ʃræŋk] | shrunk | [ʃrʌŋk] | to sit down (about material), to reduce (to), to reduce (to) |
| shut | [ʃʌt] | shut | [ʃʌt] | shut | [ʃʌt] | close |
| sing | sang | sung | sing | |||
| sink | sank | sunk | drown | |||
| sit | sat | sat | sit | |||
| sleep | slept | slept | sleep | |||
| smell | smelt | smelt | sniff, smell | |||
| slide | slide | slide | slide | |||
| sow | sowed | south | sow, sow | |||
| smell | smelled | smelled | sniff, smell | |||
| speak | spoke | spoken | ["spoukən] | speak | ||
| spell | spelled | spelled | to spell | |||
| spend | spent | spent | spend | |||
| spill | spilt | spilt | shed | |||
| spit | spat | spat | spit | |||
| split | split | split | split | |||
| spoiler | spoilt | spoilt | spoil | |||
| spread | spread | spread | distribute | |||
| stand | stood | stood | stand | |||
| steal | stole | stolen | ["stoulən] | steal | ||
| stick | stuck | stuck | stick, stick, persist | |||
| sting | stung | stung | sting | |||
| strike | struck | struck | strike, strike | |||
| strive | strove | striven | ["strɪvn] | try, strive | ||
| swear | swore | sworn | take an oath | |||
| sweep | swept | swept | revenge, sweep | |||
| swim | swam | swum | swim | |||
| take | took | taken | ["teɪkən] | take, take | ||
| teach | taught | taught | learn | |||
| tear | tore | torn | tear | |||
| tell | told | told | tell | |||
| think | [θɪŋk] | thought | [θɔ:t] | thought | [θɔ:t] | think |
| throw | [θrou] | threw | [θru:] | thrown | [θroun] | throw |
| understand | [ʌndər "stænd] | understood | [ʌndər "stʊd] | understood | [ʌndər "stʊd] | understand |
| upset | [ʌp"set] | upset | [ʌp"set] | upset | [ʌp"set] | upset, upset (plans), upset |
| wake | woke up | woken | ["woukən] | wake up | ||
| wear | wore | worn | wear | |||
| weep | wept | wept | cry | |||
| wet | wet | wet | wet, moisturize | |||
| win | won | won | win, win | |||
| wind | wound | wound | wriggle, wind, wind (watch) | |||
| write | wrote | written | ["rɪtn] | write |
How to remember forms of irregular verbs?
