White movement-
- a military-political movement of politically heterogeneous forces, formed during the Civil War of 1917-1923 in Russia with the aim of overthrowing Soviet power.
Civil War -
- the most acute form of social struggle for state power between different classes within the country.
Participants of the White movement advocated the revival of the former power of Russia and a merciless struggle against the Bolsheviks.
Slogans:"Let's Die for the Motherland"
"Fatherland or death"
"Better death than death of Russia"
Composition: representatives of the officers of the Cossacks, the bourgeoisie,
nobility, bureaucracy, intelligentsia,
wealthy peasantry
Common goals:- the destruction of Bolshevism
Convening of the Constituent Assembly
Restoring a mighty united Russia
Peculiarities:
Lack of a single recognized leader
There is no unity in the future structure of the country
Lack of a clear program of action
The heterogeneity of the composition in terms of views, partisanship and origin.
The army was led by L.G. Kornilov
And after his death in April 1918, the commander became A.I. Denikin .
Kornilov Lavr Georgievich
Kornilov Lavr Georgievich (1870-1918).
Russian military leader. Military intelligence officer, diplomat and explorer traveler.
From the family of a Cossack officer from the district town of Ust-Kamenogorsk, Semipalatinsk province.
Graduated from the Academy of the General Staff (1898).
Hero of the Russian-Japanese and World War I. Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army (August 1917). A participant in the Civil War, one of the organizers and Commander-in-Chief of the Volunteer Army, the leader of the White movement in the South of Russia, a pioneer.
House in Karakalinsk, where, as local residents believe, childhood passed L.G. Kornilov
- In early March, at the insistence of the Chairman of the State Duma Rodzianko, Kornilov was appointed commander of the Petrograd Military District
- Kornilov stood for the preservation of strong power. Speaking for order and hard power, he has repeatedly declared his commitment to democratic ideals.
- Kornilov managed to achieve certain successes under Brusilov's army command: he broke through the front at Kalush. On July 7, he replaced the commander-in-chief of the front A.E. Guthor.
- On July 12, under pressure from Kornilov, the Provisional Government decided to reinstate the death penalty at the front.
L.G. Kornilov in front of the troops. 1917 g.
- In December 1917, together with Alekseev and Denikin, he became the organizer of the First Volunteer Army.
- He commanded the army during the famous Ice campaign from the Don, where the Soviets defeated the Kuban. He successfully led the Volunteer Army to join the Kuban Volunteer Army.
- March 31 (April 13) 1918 - killed during the storming of Yekaterinodar.
Kornilov. Ice hike
Denikin Anton Ivanovich
Denikin Anton Ivanovich (1872 - 1947)
Russian military leader, politician, one of the main leaders of the White movement in Russia during the Civil War.
Born in a village near the Polish city of Wloclawek.
Descended from a family of serfs.
During the First World War, he commanded the 4th Infantry Brigade (later deployed into a division), which received the nickname "iron". During the Civil years he was the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia (1918-1920), having achieved the greatest success in the fight against the Reds.
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Zelenina Tatyana Gerasimovna history teacher MBOU VMR "Fedotovskaya secondary school"
Lesson in the 11th grade Topic: "White" movement during the Civil War
"White" movement during the Civil War
PERFORMED BY THE PUPIL 11th grade ROCHEVA ALENA
... Listen to the Russian people! What are we fighting for? For the insulted faith and insulted shrines. For the liberation of the Russian people from the yoke of the communists, vagabonds, convicts who have completely ruined holy Russia. For the cessation of civil strife. For the peasant to acquire ownership of the land he cultivates and to engage in peaceful labor. For true freedom and right to reign in Russia. For the Russian people to choose their own master. Help me, Russian people, save the Motherland.
General Wrangel
White movement
WHITE MOVEMENT anti-Bolshevik movement during the Civil War in Russia. White is the opposition to red. Social composition: officers-monarchists, Cossacks, clergy, part of the intelligentsia, landowners, representatives of big business
White goals
Struggle for the return of lost power and restoration of oneself in the former socio-economic rights.
To recreate the pre-February statehood, primarily its military apparatus, traditional social relations and market economy.
For a united, indivisible Russia!
At the first stage
THE FIRST STAGE (November 1917 - February 1918): the Volunteer and Don armies were formed on the Don and Kuban. The ideological and organizational foundations of the future white armies were laid. SECOND STAGE (March - November 1918): there have been changes in the balance of social forces within the country. Whites received socio-economic support in the grain-producing regions of the south and east of the country. THIRD STAGE (November 1918 - March 1919): real assistance of the Entente powers to the White movement. FOURTH STAGE (March 1919 - March 1920): distinguished by the largest scale of armed struggle.
Fight against Bolshevism to the end!
Actions, front lines
Yudenich
Kolchak
Denikin
Leaders of the white movement:
Denikin Anton Ivanovich
Anton Ivanovich Denikin - one of the main leaders of the White movement during the Civil War, its leader in southern Russia. Achieved the greatest military and political results among all the leaders of the White movement. One of the main organizers, and then - the commander of the Volunteer Army. Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, Deputy Supreme Ruler and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, Admiral Kolchak. After the death of Kolchak, all-Russian power was supposed to go to Denikin, but on April 4, 1920, he handed over command to General Wrangel and on the same day departed with his family for Europe. Denikin lived in England, Belgium, Hungary, France, where he was engaged in literary activities. Remaining a staunch opponent of the Soviet system, he nevertheless refused the German proposals for cooperation. Soviet influence in Europe forced Denikin to move to the United States in 1945, where he continued to work on his autobiographical story The Way of a Russian Officer, but did not manage to finish it. General Anton Ivanovich Denikin died of a heart attack on August 8, 1947 at the University of Michigan Hospital in Ann Arbor and was buried in a Detroit cemetery. In 2005, the ashes of General Denikin and his wife were transported to Moscow for burial in the Svyato-Don Monastery.
Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich
The leader of the White movement during the Civil War, the Supreme Ruler of Russia, Alexander Kolchak was born on November 16, 1874 in St. Petersburg. Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak was a direct protege of the West and that is why he turned out to be the Supreme Ruler. In November 1919, under the onslaught of the Red Army, Kolchak left Omsk. In December, Kolchak's train was blocked in Nizhneudinsk by Czechoslovakians. On January 4, 1920, he transferred the entirety of the already mythical power to Denikin, and the command of the armed forces in the east to Semyonov. Kolchak was guaranteed security by the allied command. But after the transfer of power in Irkutsk to the Bolshevik Revolutionary Committee, Kolchak was also at his disposal. Learning about the capture of Kolchak, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin gave instructions to shoot him. Alexander Kolchak was shot along with the Chairman of the Council of Ministers Pepeliaev on the banks of the Ushakovka River. The corpses of the executed were lowered into the hole in the Angara.
Kornilov Lavr Georgievich
Lavr Kornilov - Russian military leader, participant in the Civil War, one of the organizers and Commander-in-Chief of the Volunteer Army, leader of the White movement in southern Russia. On April 13, 1918, he was killed during the storming of Yekaterinodar by an enemy grenade. The coffin with Kornilov's body was secretly buried during the retreat through the German colony of Gnachbau. The grave was razed to the ground. Later, organized excavations found only the coffin with the body of Colonel Nezhentsev. In the dug grave of Kornilov, only a piece of a pine coffin was found.
Krasnov, Pyotr Nikolaevich
Pyotr Nikolaevich Krasnov - General of the Russian Imperial Army, Ataman of the Great Don Army, military and political figure, writer and publicist. During World War II, he served as head of the Main Directorate of the Cossack Forces of the Imperial Ministry of the Eastern Occupied Territories. In June 1917, he was appointed head of the 1st Kuban Cossack Division, in September - the commander of the 3rd Cavalry Corps, promoted to lieutenant general. He was arrested during the Kornilov speech upon arrival in Pskov by the commissar of the Northern Front, but then released. On May 16, 1918 Krasnov was elected ataman of the Don Cossacks. Having made a bet on Germany, relying on its support and not obeying A.I. Denikin, who was still guided by the "allies", he launched a struggle against the Bolsheviks at the head of the Don army. The military collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR announced the execution of P.N. Krasnov, S.N. Krasnov, Shkuro, Sultan-Girey Klych, von Pannwitz - for the fact that “they waged an armed struggle against the Soviet Union through the White Guard units formed by them and carried out an active espionage, sabotage and terrorist activities against the USSR ”. On January 16, 1947, Krasnov and others were hanged in the Lefortovo prison.
Wrangel, Pyotr Nikolaevich
Pyotr Nikolaevich Wrangel - Russian military leader of the main leaders of the White movement during the Civil War. Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army in the Crimea and Poland. Lieutenant General of the General Staff. George Knight. Received the nickname "Black Baron" for his traditional everyday uniform - a black Cossack Circassian coat with gazyry. On April 25, 1928, he died suddenly in Brussels, after a sudden infection with tuberculosis. According to the assumptions of his relatives, he was poisoned by the brother of his servant, who was a Bolshevik agent. He was buried in Brussels. Subsequently, Wrangel's ashes were transferred to Belgrade, where they were solemnly reburied on October 6, 1929 in the Russian Church of the Holy Trinity.
Yudenich Nikolay Nikolaevich
Nikolai Yudenich - Russian military leader, general of infantry - during the Civil War, led the forces that acted against Soviet power in the northwestern direction. He died in 1962 from pulmonary tuberculosis. He was buried first in the Lower Church in Cannes, but later his coffin was transferred to Nice at the Cocade cemetery. On October 20, 2008, a monument to the soldiers of the North-Western Army was erected in the church fence near the altar of the Church of the Exaltation of the Cross in the village of Opolye, Kingiseppsky district of the Leningrad region, as a tribute to the memory of the dead ranks of the army of General Yudenich.
Alekseev Mikhail Vasilievich
Mikhail Alekseev is an active participant in the White movement during the Civil War. One of the founders, the Supreme Leader of the Volunteer Army. He died on October 8, 1918 from pneumonia, and after a two-day many-thousandth farewell was buried in the Military Cathedral of the Kuban Cossack army in Yekaterinodar. Among the wreaths laid on his grave, one attracted the attention of the public with its genuine touchingness. It was written on it: "They did not see, but they knew and loved." When the white troops retreated in early 1920, his ashes were taken to Serbia by relatives and colleagues and reburied in Belgrade. During the years of communist rule, in order to avoid the destruction of the grave of the founder and leader of the "White Cause", the slab on his grave was replaced with another, on which only two words were written succinctly: "Warrior Mikhail".
A. V. Kolchak on the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet
Volunteer Army in 1917-20
From the materials of the command of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia “I ask you to inform your governments about the goals pursued by the Command of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia in the armed struggle against Soviet power and in state building. I. The destruction of the Bolshevik anarchy and the establishment of II. The country has a legal order. II. Restoring a powerful, united and indivisible Russia. III. Convocation of the People's Assembly on the basis of universal suffrage. IV. Decentralization of power by establishing regional autonomy and broad local self-government "
Reasons for the defeat of whites by the words of their contemporaries
“People were looking for an idea and stained the banner. Yes, it was. We knew our sins well ... Volunteering was unable to preserve its white vestments. Along with the confessors, heroes, martyrs of the white idea were money-grubbing and murderers ... "," Russia cannot be liberated against the will of the people "(PN Milyukov)" There were no footholds among the masses "(V. Shulgin)
"The tragedy of the white struggle
was that she could not
not to be, and at the same time
she was doomed "
N. Tchaikovsky
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"Heroes of the Civil War" - A separate corps of the Northern Army. Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich. Rodzianko. The crisis of the Russian Empire. Shchors Nikolay Alexandrovich. Officers of the 3rd Cavalry Corps. 1st Ukrainian Soviet regiment them. Bohun. Nicholas II on the Southwestern Front. Civil war and its heroes. 3 rifle battalions. Support for the Soviet government.
"1917-1920" - Take away the unnecessary. 6. Dress up a soldier of the Red Army. October Revolution of 1917 and the establishment of Soviet power. A) 1917 - 1918 Taking of the Winter Palace. A) VKCHP b) RSFSR c) USSR. “RUSSIA IN 1917 - 1920 2. What are the reasons for the start of the civil war. 4. What happened to the family of the Russian tsar? A) Down with the king!
“Events of the Civil War in Russia” - Nikolai Aleksandrovich Shchors. The main front. Denikin Anton Ivanovich. Nestor Ivanovich Makhno. He was awarded 2 Orders of the Red Banner. White movement. Frunze Mikhail Vasilievich. Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich. Yudenich Nikolay Nikolaevich. Caricature of the white generals. Consequences of the Civil War. Slogans. He was awarded 7 Orders of Lenin.
"The beginning of the intervention" - Name the leaders of the White Army. The facts proving the aggressive character. What are the reasons for the civil war. Who are we talking about? Work with the story for additional reading "Red Army". The beginning of the civil war and intervention. Year of the beginning of the Civil War. Working with the text of the textbook. Who pursued the following goals.
"White Movement" - The ideological and organizational foundations of the future white armies were laid. What are we fighting for? Volunteer Army in 1917-20. Denikin. WHITE MOVEMENT anti-Bolshevik movement during the Civil War in Russia. “People were looking for an idea and stained the banner. Kornilov Lavr Georgievich. Help me, Russian people, save the Motherland.
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Having concluded peace with Poland, the Red Army decided to concentrate all its forces on the fight against the last large White Guard focus, the army of General Wrangel. The troops of the newly created Southern Front, under the command of Frunze in early November 1920, after the most severe and bloody battles broke through to the Crimea. Despite incredible efforts, Baron Wrangel was unable to hold the front. Having concluded peace with Poland, the Red Army decided to concentrate all its forces on the fight against the last large White Guard focus, the army of General Wrangel. The troops of the newly created Southern Front, under the command of Frunze in early November 1920, after the most severe and bloody battles broke through to the Crimea. Despite incredible efforts, Baron Wrangel was unable to hold the front.
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The leaders of the White movement could not offer the people an attractive program. They restored the previous laws, returned the land and enterprises to the previous owners, supported the idea of restoring the monarchy. White generals refused to cooperate with the Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries and split the anti-Bolshevik front. The leaders of the White movement could not offer the people an attractive program. They restored the previous laws, returned the land and enterprises to the former owners, supported the idea of restoring the monarchy. White generals refused to cooperate with the Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries and split the anti-Bolshevik front.
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Anton Ivanovich Denikin (1872-1947) - one of the main leaders of the White movement during the Civil War, its leader in southern Russia. Achieved the greatest military and political results among all the leaders of the White movement. One of the main organizers, and then - the commander of the Volunteer Army. Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, Deputy Supreme Ruler and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, Admiral Kolchak.
- Anton Ivanovich Denikin (1872-1947) - one of the main leaders of the White movement during the Civil War, its leader in the south of Russia. Achieved the greatest military and political results among all the leaders of the White movement. One of the main organizers, and then - the commander of the Volunteer Army. Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, Deputy Supreme Ruler and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army, Admiral Kolchak.
- After the death of Kolchak, all-Russian power was supposed to go to Denikin, but on April 4, 1920, he handed over command to General Wrangel and on the same day departed with his family for Europe. Denikin lived in England, Belgium, Hungary, France, where he was engaged in literary activities. Remaining a staunch opponent of the Soviet system, he nevertheless refused the German proposals for cooperation. Soviet influence in Europe forced Denikin to move to the United States in 1945, where he continued to work on his autobiographical story The Way of a Russian Officer, but did not manage to finish it.
- General Anton Ivanovich Denikin died of a heart attack on August 8, 1947 at the University of Michigan Hospital in Ann Arbor and was buried in a cemetery in Detroit. In 2005, the ashes of General Denikin and his wife were transported to Moscow for burial in the Svyato-Don Monastery.
- Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich (1874-1920)
- The leader of the White movement during the Civil War, the Supreme Ruler of Russia, Alexander Kolchak was born on November 16, 1874 in St. Petersburg. In November 1919, under the onslaught of the Red Army, Kolchak left Omsk. In December, Kolchak's train was blocked in Nizhneudinsk by Czechoslovakians. On January 4, 1920, he transferred the entirety of the already mythical power to Denikin, and the command of the armed forces in the east to Semyonov. Kolchak was guaranteed security by the allied command.
- But after the transfer of power in Irkutsk to the Bolshevik Revolutionary Committee, Kolchak was also at his disposal. Learning about the capture of Kolchak, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin gave instructions to shoot him. Alexander Kolchak was shot along with the Chairman of the Council of Ministers Pepeliaev on the banks of the Ushakovka River. The corpses of the executed were lowered into the hole in the Angara.
- Lavr Georgievich Kornilov (1870-1918) - Russian military leader, participant in the Civil War, one of the organizers and Commander-in-Chief of the Volunteer Army, leader of the White movement in southern Russia.
- On April 13, 1918, he was killed during the assault on Yekaterinodar by an enemy grenade. The coffin with Kornilov's body was secretly buried during the retreat through the German colony of Gnachbau. The grave was razed to the ground. Later, organized excavations found only the coffin with the body of Colonel Nezhentsev. In the dug grave of Kornilov, only a piece of a pine coffin was found.
- Pyotr Nikolaevich Krasnov (1869-1947) - General of the Russian Imperial Army, Ataman of the Great Don Army, military and political figure, writer and publicist. During World War II, he served as head of the Main Directorate of the Cossack Forces of the Imperial Ministry of the Eastern Occupied Territories. In June 1917, he was appointed head of the 1st Kuban Cossack Division, in September - the commander of the 3rd Cavalry Corps, promoted to lieutenant general. He was arrested during the Kornilov speech upon arrival in Pskov by the commissar of the Northern Front, but then released. On May 16, 1918 Krasnov was elected ataman of the Don Cossacks. Having made a bet on Germany, relying on its support and not obeying A.I. Denikin, who was still guided by the "allies", he launched a struggle against the Bolsheviks at the head of the Don army.
- The military collegium of the USSR Supreme Court announced the execution of P.N. Krasnov, S.N. Krasnov, Shkuro, Sultan-Girey Klych, von Pannwitz - for the fact that "They waged an armed struggle against the Soviet Union through the White Guard detachments they formed and carried out active espionage, sabotage and terrorist activities against the USSR"... On January 16, 1947, Krasnov and others were hanged in the Lefortovo prison.
- Pyotr Nikolaevich Wrangel (1878-1928) - Russian military leader of the main leaders of the White movement during the Civil War. Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army in the Crimea and Poland. Lieutenant General of the General Staff. George Knight. Received the nickname "Black Baron" for his traditional everyday dress - a black Cossack Circassian coat with gazyry.
- On April 25, 1928, he died suddenly in Brussels, after a sudden infection with tuberculosis. According to the assumptions of his relatives, he was poisoned by the brother of his servant, who was a Bolshevik agent. He was buried in Brussels. Subsequently, Wrangel's ashes were transferred to Belgrade, where they were solemnly reburied on October 6, 1929 in the Russian Church of the Holy Trinity.
- Nikolai Nikolaevich Yudenich (1862-1933) - Russian military leader, general from infantry - during the Civil War, he headed the forces operating against Soviet power in the north-western direction. He died in 1962 from pulmonary tuberculosis. He was buried first in the Lower Church in Cannes, but later his coffin was transferred to Nice at the Cocade cemetery.
- On October 20, 2008, a monument to the soldiers of the North-Western Army was erected in the church fence near the altar of the Church of the Exaltation of the Cross in the village of Opolye, Kingiseppsky district of the Leningrad region, as a tribute to the memory of the dead ranks of the army of General Yudenich.
