Sections: Working with preschoolers
Target: expand and activate the children's vocabulary on the topic "Wintering Birds".
Tasks:
Educational area "Cognitive development":
- to broaden the horizons of children on the topic "Wintering Birds";
- encourage the expression of initiative and curiosity in order to consolidate the knowledge gained;
- develop the ability to recognize images of birds by silhouettes (silhouette images of birds);
- enrich the sensory experience;
- foster a love of nature and a desire to take care of wintering birds.
Educational area "Speech development":
- exercise in the coordination of nouns with verbs;
- exercise in the coordination of nouns with numerals;
- to form the ability to answer with a complete answer to the question posed;
- develop creative independence in answering questions;
- to introduce to verbal art through fairy tales;
- to form the skills to listen to a fairy tale attentively and with interest;
- to form an emotional attitude to a literary work.
Educational area "Physical development":
- develop coordination of speech with movement (physical education);
- form the ability to perform self-massage;
- form speech exhalation;
- develop fine motor skills of hands (development of fine motor skills).
Educational area "Artistic and aesthetic development":
- develop musical memory through recognizing the voices of birds;
- improve the skill of distinguishing sounds;
- develop musical responsiveness.
Integration of educational areas:"Cognitive development", "Artistic and aesthetic development", "Speech development", "Physical development".
Vocabulary work: nouns - bullfinch, tit, feed, seeds, grain; adjectives - yellow-breasted, red-breasted, white-sided, black-winged, gray-winged, long-tailed, large, small; Verbs - croaks, whistles, pops, chirps, chirps, coos.
Preliminary work:
- selection of illustrations for the fairy tale;
- reading of the fairy tale "Leprosy of the Old Woman of Winter" by K.D. Ushinsky;
- creation of silhouette pictures, object pictures, wooden feeders;
- pick up the sounds of a blizzard, the voices of wintering birds;
- bird food: bread crumbs, seeds, dried berries;
- pick up speech material for physical education.
Equipment: video "Wintering birds", pictures (woodpecker, owl, pigeon, sparrow, tit, magpie), TV, feeder, bird food, six bags, ball.
Course of the lesson
I. Organizational moment
Psychogymnastics:"Let's join hands together ..." (M.Yu. Kartushina)
Let's join hands together
And we will feel warm.
Let's turn around, smile -
Like our sun.
Ignition: In class, I ask you to speak clearly and clearly,
We try to pronounce all the words correctly. We answer questions with full sentences.
Music sounds (sounds of a blizzard, wind, blizzard). After listening to the recording.
- Guys, what time of year did you hear the sounds? (children's answers).
- Why did you decide that these are the sounds of winter? (children's answers).
- What did you hear? (I heard footsteps in the snow. I heard a blizzard howl. I heard the crackling of trees. I heard a blizzard. Etc.)
Then I will tell you a fairy tale, and how it ends - we will come up with it together. Good?
- The tale is called Mother Winter's Leprosy. Once, Mother - Winter became angry all over the world. Either strong frosts will hit, then a blizzard will sweep. It was hard for all living things. The animals of Zimu were not frightened - they have a warm fur coat. People heat the stoves in their houses - and Winter cannot get them. Winter was even more angry. And he hears - someone's voices. (The voices of birds are heard)
II. Game "Silhouettes"(bird voices)
(Pictures are silhouettes in black and white)
- You are right, this is a silhouette (woodpecker, owl, magpie and sparrow, etc.).
So, the blizzard and blizzard did not help Mother - Winter. The birds gave their voices to each other even in the blizzard, but they helped to find the way for their comrades.
III. The game "Who gives a voice?"
- Chick-tweet.
D. - What is he doing?
- Kar-kar.
D. - So, what is she doing?
- Ting-ting-ting.
D. - What does she do?
- Wow-wow-wow.
D. - What does she do?
- Tr-tr-tr.
D. - What does she do?
- Chirping, chirping.
D. - What does the woodpecker do?
- Gur-gur-gur.
D. - What are they doing?
- They coo.
- Who is this? (Sparrow)
- So, what will he do? (He will tweet)
- How will the crow ask for help? What will she do? (Croak)
- And the owl? (Go away) etc.
- So the birds helped each other. They found all the way to the trough.
Physical education "Birds"(children do the exercises, repeating them after the teacher).
Little birds, little birds
They fly through the forest, sing songs.
A violent wind blew, wanted to carry away the birds.
The birds hid in a hollow, it is cozy and warm there.
- Mother Winter got angry more than ever. Winter called for the help of the fierce cold. It became even colder outside. But the birds do not lose heart here either - they find feeders that people have made for them and they are not afraid of the cold when they are fed.
IV. The exercise "Count it up."
- Look - a lot of birds have flown to the tree.
- Let's now count the birds that sit on the tree.
One bullfinch, two bullfinches, three bullfinches, four bullfinches, five bullfinches ..
V. Ball game.
C. - Let's play with the ball.
D. - If a magpie has a white side, then what is it?
- White-sided.
D. - If a tit has a yellow breast, then what is it?
- Yellow-breasted.
D. - If a bullfinch has a red chest, what is it?
- Red-breasted.
D. - If a magpie has a long tail, then what is it?
- Long-tailed.
D. - If a raven has a black wing, then what is it?
- Black-winged.
D. - If a pigeon has a gray wing, then what is it?
- Gray-winged.
- So, the birds gathered at the feeder. Winter was delighted: “Here I will freeze them! They will be silent, and there will be peace and quiet! ".
- She blew the cold on the birds. Let's show how she did it: we breathed in through the nose, and we breathe out through the mouth strong, lips are stretched out like a tube, the air stream is cold. Extend your hand to feel the chill of Winter. Watch my hand. (They blow to the sound of a blizzard two or three times).
- Let's warm up and do massage "The cold came."
- Winter has blown out, but it wasn’t there. The guys came up to the trough and fed the birds.
Vi. Game "What shall we treat?" and the game "Guess by touch".
Q. - Now I will show you different types of bird food, seeds and grains of different plants.
Sunflower seeds, millet, grain, dried rowan berries, bread crumbs, bacon are poured on a tray in transparent containers.
Q. - Come see the bird feed here?
Finger gymnastics "Feeder"
Q. - And now we are going to play the game “Guess by touch”.
C. - Take each a bag, in these bags are poured food for the birds. Get a feel for what food you have in your bags?
- Dasha, tell me what's in your bag? I interview another 2-3 children.
B. - Untie the bags and see if you have identified correctly. Children untie the bags and name what is in them.
C. - Put all the bags on the tray.
- Guys, do you know what birds love to eat? (Birds love crumbs, grains, seeds).
- Titmouses love lard most of all, but it should be unsalted.
- And what does the bullfinch love? Bullfinch's favorite delicacy is rowan berries, viburnum, rose hips, seeds.
- Sparrows love different food, but especially seeds.
- And what does the magpie love? Magpie loves grain most of all.
- And now we will treat our friends.
- Who will you give the pieces of bacon? (I give pieces of bacon to the tit.)
- Whom will you treat with seeds? (I will treat you with sparrow seeds).
- Who will you give the berries to? (I will give the berries to the bullfinch).
- And what can you treat a magpie? (You can treat the magpie with grain).
- The birds ate at the feeder and sang, in different voices. Winter realized that she could not cope with anyone. How can we finish the fairy tale? (Kids options)
- Guys, how do Russian folk tales usually end?
Vii. Reflection.
- Did you like the fairy tale, guys?
- I remember how the blizzard covered everything, and only silhouettes of birds were visible. What do you remember the most?
- What new have you learned today?
- Who was the most active today?
- Here's a gift from Mother Winter. She asks you to convey these sweet caramels and her apologies for being mischievous.
In the section on the question Help! In the garden, they asked the question - how does a magpie speak? given by the author Џshka the best answer is The magpie often gives voice, making characteristic loud chirping sounds - talking to each other or noticing danger. The excitement of birds is especially great if the eagle is fast and severed. With a slow screech, the magpies stop, but with a fast one they fly away.
To attract a mate, magpies use soft singing, varying in time and individually very strongly. It can be both rhythmic and arrhythmic. It often combines soft trill sounds and high pitched pipes. Some birds imitate other animals. Most of the time, however, chanting consists of seething, uterine chattering. To designate their territory, magpies shout "kia", "kiaya" or "kick". Moreover, they are high in the crown of the tree near the trunk. The birds on the nest ask for a high, screeching "twiit". Three- to four-week-old young birds are celebrated by old birds with a two-syllable call, sounding "ishiak", "chyuk" or "chyuk-yuk". The female call is like this one.
Often the magpie also emits long cries of "chakras", "chirk", "chirrl" or "chara". Depending on the intonation (soft, hard, long, short), this call has different meanings. Magpie's nasal and distended cries may sound like "grah".
Magpies inhabit all of Europe from the North Cape in Scandinavia to the southern ends of Spain and Greece. It is absent only on a few islands in the Mediterranean. Also inhabits parts of the coastal regions of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia in northern Africa. The magpie is a sedentary bird, but in Scandinavia it is also a migratory one.
On the ground, the magpie moves most often by jumping, but it can also walk with a gait characteristic of corvids. She moves very skillfully in the crown of trees. The flight of the magpie is undulating, gliding.
Forty often gives voice, making characteristic loud chirping sounds - talking to each other or noticing danger. More often than not, the magpie makes a chirp from more or less quickly following one after another rows of summons with a somewhat croaking "shack shack shack". "Shak" is a warning cry and audible alarm and serves to protect the district. Non-hatching magpies use it only if there is a danger. The excitement of birds is especially great if the chatter is quick and severed. With a slow screech, the magpies stop, but with a fast one they fly away.
For attracting a partner Magpies use soft singing, which varies greatly with time and individual. It can be both rhythmic and arrhythmic, often it combines soft sounds of trills and high pitches. Some birds imitate other animals.
Common magpies are sedentary birds. They live in small forests, parks, gardens, groves, copses, often not far from human habitation. Avoid dense forest.
Magpies are paired birds. The mate is chosen in the first year of life, the first mating occurs in the second year of life, and the next spring the couple begins to build a nest and tries to have offspring. They can often be seen in a flock of two to five birds flying from tree to tree with loud chirping. Most often it is an adult couple with their fledglings.
Couples bravely defend their territory from the other forty.
The restless chirping of the magpie, which the hunter found in the forest, will be perceived not only by other birds, but also by the wolf, bear and other animals.
Magpies feed a wide variety of foods. Her diet includes both small mammals and insects. Magpies also often destroy birds' nests, carrying eggs and chicks. And sometimes they even carry bones from dogs.
The magpies living next to a man are not afraid to steal any food from him. The magpie is an omnivorous bird. She eats both animal and plant food. The magpie is looking for food - insects, slugs, spiders and wood lice on the ground. Sometimes she manages to catch a small mammal or lizard.
Forty is considered one of the most intelligent birds. The forty were found to have elaborate social rituals, including expressing sadness.
The magpie is the only known non-mammal that can recognize itself in a mirror, unlike, for example, a parrot, which perceives its own reflection as another parrot. Magpies can also paint.
Many fairy tales, poems and a variety of children's nursery rhymes are dedicated to this amazing bright bird. Many are familiar with the lines: "The white-sided magpie cooked porridge, fed the children ...". Perhaps, for many in childhood, these lines became the first acquaintance with the amazing world of birds. Many books are decorated with pictures with forty, because they are so bright and memorable.
General information
They say about the magpie that she is very smart, agile, cunning and dexterous. It is believed that these birds even have a special language, thanks to which they are able to communicate important information about the danger to each other.
Magpies belong to the group of birds of the corvidae family. It includes representatives of 9 genera. All species of forty are similar in appearance, despite the fact that their genera are not always closely related to each other. Due to their external similarity, they are united under one common name.
There are a total of about 30 species of these birds. The closest to magpies among corvids are crows and jays.
There is practically no external difference between females and males in these birds, although the latter are slightly larger. The latter weigh just over 230 grams, while females weigh about 200 grams. Visually, such a small difference is difficult to determine. The body length of a magpie on average reaches 50 centimeters, the wingspan is about 90 centimeters.
Magpie is unique in its color. All her plumage has a black and white color scheme. Her neck, head, back and chest are black with a metallic sheen and shimmer. Under the rays of the sun, greenish and purple hues are perceptible on the black plumage. The shoulders and belly are white (therefore called the white-sided magpie), and sometimes the tips of the wings are painted white.
The long tail of the bird is colored black. In the springtime, the color of the bird's feathers becomes faded and not so impressive. This is due to molting.
And young magpies have almost the same color as in adults.
Distribution, habitats
Where does the magpie live in its natural habitat? The distribution area of this bird is concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere, where it is found on all its continents - in Africa, Eurasia and North America. The areas of distribution of the common magpie are especially extensive, covering the entire temperate climate zone of Eurasia (with the exception of the Far East).
Other species have narrower ranges. For example, the Californian magpie is found only on the California Peninsula, and only the thick-billed azure magpie lives in Taiwan. The habitat of the blue magpie is a real mystery. They cover two areas: one - the Far East (China, Korea, Japan, northern Mongolia, Primorye), the second - the far west of Europe (Portugal and Spain). To date, science has not provided any explanation for how birds of the same species ended up so isolated from each other.
All species have a similar habitat, as well as what magpies eat. They prefer to settle in forests of various types - broad-leaved, coniferous and tropical jungles. They also live in city parks, in deep thickets, and in woodlands, and in forest plantations. In search of food, they visit quite open spaces: meadows, wastelands, the shores of lakes and rivers, meadows and fields.
There are species that live alone most of the time of the year and form married couples and groups only after hatching. There are those that live in small flocks, and during the nesting period they break up into separate pairs.
Habits and behaviors
The magpie is a bird whose gait is unique and special. On the ground, it moves mainly in leaps and along the branches of trees it also moves in leaps, and it does it very nimbly and dexterously. In flight, the bird plans in waves.
Her voice is not melodious, but you can hear her quite often. They chirp quite specifically, and it is impossible to confuse this voice with the sounds of other birds. A magpie chirp often serves as a signal for other birds, for example, abrupt and fast sounds appear when a danger arises. Birds fly away at such sounds.
It was also noticed that at the sounds of "kick" or "kia" the magpie indicates that this is its territory. The voice of a magpie bird says a lot not only to birds, but also to all the inhabitants of the forest. For example, they can alert you when a hunter is approaching.
Lifestyle
In summer it is rare to see magpies in the city park, but in winter they often look into the feeders of other birds. Magpies in nature lead a sedentary lifestyle, they never leave their home for a long time. Where there are a large number of them, they can form flocks in which they roam together. More often, a similar phenomenon can be observed in the fall.
With the onset of cold weather, by winter, when a lot of snow falls, magpies scatter along with jackdaws and crows to smaller and larger settlements, where it is easiest for them to find food. Magpies are wintering birds.
More details about what the magpie eats can be found later in the article. But here it should be noted that the local residents of the villages are not always friendly to these birds, since they constantly drag away something edible. For them, even evil dogs are not a hindrance, which they deftly deceive and distract, and then eat well. With all this, it should be noted that magpies are wild birds, and it is impossible to tame them.
These birds always try to keep close to each other, which helps them in the moment of need to defend themselves and fight for territory.
The magpie is a picky bird, since its food is very diverse. She uses almost everything that she manages to get, even the bone that she steals from the dog. Magpies destroy the nests of many birds, in which they eat eggs, or small, newly hatched chicks.
Speaking about what the magpie eats, it should be noted that it often brings problems to other birds, especially in the spring. They often jump near bushes in search of nests, in which they find food for themselves. Other birds suffer from this.
Small rodents, with which the magpies deal with their strong and powerful beak, can sometimes turn out to be prey. These birds are content with very small food, for example, caterpillars, insects and beetles. They feed on a variety of plant foods - grains, nuts, fruits of trees and shrubs, as well as seeds of various plants.
And what does a magpie eat in winter? In the cold season, these smart birds accompany large predators, looking for carrion, picking up garbage, fearlessly visiting their feeders. Moreover, they show such courage, which sometimes turns into impudence and insolence. It is often possible to observe how dexterous magpies scurry about right under the noses of a bear, fox or eagle. In winter, they make regular movements, gathering on the outskirts and territories of settlements, and search garbage dumps with food waste. In the evening they return to the place of their constant overnight stay.
A little about enemies
The magpie has a lot of natural enemies. They are hunted by eagles, falcons, eagles, hawks, eagle owls, large owls and wild cats. Their nests, as noted above, are ruined by martens, and in the countries of the tropics - by snakes.
With all this, magpies live well and prosper to a greater extent due to their ingenuity and dexterity.
Conclusion
In the cultures of peoples of different countries, magpies have occupied and still occupy different positions. The Indians of North America associated them with the spirits of the forest, among the inhabitants of East Asia they were messengers of happiness and enjoyed considerable respect.
In Europe alone, forty did not have a very good relationship with people. Farmers disliked these birds due to the fact that they picked up the scattered grains during the sowing period. And for the hunters, they always seemed evil - the chirping magpie notifies the whole forest of danger. Therefore, the hunters often killed them. Scientists also ranked these birds as harmful because they ruin the nests of many songbirds.
In fact, there is a benefit from them - magpies eat harmful insects.
