How to plant mushrooms in stumps. Growing oyster mushrooms. Forest orderlies and pests

Olive-white hygrophorus (Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus)

Russula hygrophorus (Hygrophorus russula)

Oyster mushroom. Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Autumn oyster mushroom. Willow pigwort (Panellus serotinus)

Oak oyster mushroom (Pleurotus dryinus)

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus cornucopiae)

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Oyster mushroom is a mushroom that, like champignon, is associated with the store. The mushroom is fleshy, quite weighty and has its fans, of which I include myself. So the idea came to grow oyster mushrooms at home, and at the same time make the nearby American maple thickets useful. And what? There is always shade there and it takes a long time to dry out after the rain. Fabulous conditions for mushrooms. Why not try it? no sooner said than done. After rummaging around on the Internet, I found mycelium. It was at the end of June and the store said that in August oyster mushrooms would delight me with their abundance. Looking ahead, I’ll say that we made a mistake by a month.

Growing oyster mushrooms on stumps

You should not expect extra yields when growing oyster mushrooms on stumps. Still, a lot depends on the weather and there is no such stability as in the basement outside. But this is the simplest and most unpretentious way, which is suitable for those who are simply interested in growing oyster mushrooms in their dacha and enjoying fresh mushrooms a couple of times a year, rather than caring for them every day, in order to achieve maximum results.

To grow oyster mushrooms you need:

• 10 freshly cut meerschaums with a diameter of about 25 cm;
• Oyster mushroom mycelium (6 liters);
• Half a bucket of wheat;
• Shovel;
• Hose with water;

First of all, I’ll tell you about mycelium.

What is sold in beautiful bags with a picture of an abundant harvest of mushrooms is a complete scam of the population. Normal mycelium is a healthy, 6-liter, transparent bag with an air valve and something incomprehensibly white inside. To the touch, this is grain; it is visible here and there among this incomprehensibly white.

Next, about the technology of growing oyster mushrooms on stumps. Hemp is needed fresh from deciduous trees. I also chose sedge, which grows in our swamp not far from our house. I cut it down and chopped it into stumps about 30 centimeters long. Sap was flowing from the stumps, the tree was so wet. This is what we need to successfully grow oyster mushrooms.

To make life easier for the mycelium and feed it, we need boiled wheat. It is not difficult.

How to grow oyster mushrooms on stumps at home

Half a bucket of wheat should be boiled for 10 minutes, then cooled.

We dig holes, a little more than half a spade deep. Fill with water. We wait until the water goes away. We pour wheat into the hole, about 1/10 of what is available. There is also 1/10 of the bag with mycelium. We place the stump on the mycelium and bury the hole. The exercise must be repeated 10 times, or how many stumps do you have there?

At the end of September, delicious oyster mushrooms crawled out from under three stumps! It was nice!

All that’s left to do is cut it and cook it deliciously!

One year later

No matter what the mycelium producers write, I didn’t really see oyster mushrooms on stumps in the summer. Why really? Because a couple of mushrooms climbed out, which for some reason turned out to be wormy, but warm, rainy September pleased me with the first shoots. What’s especially cool is that there are a lot more mushrooms.

Here are some more photos of the harvest of oyster mushrooms grown at home.

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We grow oyster mushrooms on ordinary stumps

In the previous article about oyster mushrooms, we wrote about how to grow them in an intensive way.

That is, indoors in plastic bags on a straw substrate.

But not everyone has the opportunity to grow oyster mushrooms in this way.

Some people don’t have a suitable room, while others don’t have a suitable substrate, like, for example, one of our readers.

Don’t be upset, you can resort to an extensive method of growing oyster mushrooms - growing them on stumps in the open air.

Material and labor costs with this method are minimal, so this is an ideal option for beginning mushroom growers.

But the harvest will be seasonal, because...

it will completely depend on the climatic conditions in your area.

Preparing stumps or logs

Cultivation of oyster mushrooms begins in late winter - early spring. If there are stumps left from felled trees on your site, you can use them, but you should sow them with mycelium only in April-May, when the temperature is above zero.

If not, you can take scraps of hardwood: beech, chestnut, ash, maple, poplar, birch, aspen, etc.

The sizes of the trimmings can be different - from 30 to 50 cm in length and from 15 to 30 cm in diameter. The main thing is that the wood is healthy and there are no signs of mold infection.

Before adding mycelium, dry logs should be soaked in water for 2-3 days to create a high level of humidity inside, which is so necessary for the development of mycelium. Fresh wood does not need to be soaked.

Methods for sowing mycelium

There are several ways to add mycelium:

1

In the hemp, holes are sawed or drilled in a checkerboard pattern with a depth of 5-6 cm and a diameter of approximately 10 mm. Grain mycelium is poured into the resulting holes and covered with adhesive tape or moss. The stick-shaped mycelium is simply inserted into the drilled holes and covered with plasticine.

2

A disk of small thickness (2-3 cm) is sawed off from the log, the end is covered with a layer of mycelium and covered with this disk on top, fixing it with nails.

3

The end of the log is covered with a layer of mycelium 1-2 cm or 100-150 g thick. A second one is placed on top, the end of which is also sprinkled with mycelium.

Then the third, etc. Such a column can be grown up to 1.5 m and even 2 m. To make the column more stable, the diameter of the cuttings must be at least 20 cm.

After sowing the mycelium, the logs must be stacked somewhere in a barn or basement, where the temperature is kept at 15 °C.

If the mycelium was introduced using the first two methods, then the logs can be stacked horizontally on top of each other and covered with perforated film or matting or burlap.

The third method involves a vertical arrangement of logs. Such columns are installed in several rows with small intervals, which are covered with wet sawdust or straw. The top of the columns is covered with the same sawdust, and the sides are covered with film or burlap to maintain high humidity.

The logs should remain indoors for 2-3 months. At this time, it must be regularly ventilated, but without drafts, and the air must be constantly humidified.

Planting stumps in the ground

When you see that the stumps are covered with a white coating, it’s time to plant them in the ground. This is usually done in May.

Growing mushrooms on stumps at home

For fruiting, choose the most shaded place on the site, for example, under the crowns of trees or under a canopy.

The logs are buried in the ground in rows to a depth of 10-15 cm, and the bottom of the holes is covered with wet leaves or sawdust.

The distance between the stumps should be 35-50 cm. Further care consists of carefully watering the soil around the stumps in dry weather.

Oyster mushrooms appear on stumps in August-September, and during a prolonged autumn, the harvest can be harvested until November. For the winter, the stumps are well covered with spruce branches, straw or leaves.

Now you know how to grow oyster mushrooms on stumps. Such a mushroom plantation can feed you for 3-5 years, but the largest harvests occur in the second and third years.

Oyster mushrooms are successfully grown outdoors, in natural conditions. But growing oyster mushrooms indoors with an air temperature of +10...+27°C allows you to obtain a harvest of fresh mushrooms throughout the year, regardless of the season.

To grow mushrooms on stumps (logs) you will need:

— ready-made oyster mushroom mycelium (on wood sticks);
- wood base - a log of any deciduous species (poplar, birch, maple, rowan, willow), which must be healthy, fresh, moist, with bark, but without branches;
- polyethylene film;
- sterile gloves.

Mushroom planting dates:

outdoors - in spring (from April to June inclusive) and in summer (from August to September);
indoors - at any time of the year.

Holes are prepared in the log using a drill (0.8-1 cm in diameter and 4 cm deep) at a distance of 10 cm, which are placed in a checkerboard pattern.
Using gloves, carefully remove the mushroom sticks from the bag and insert them into the holes until they stop.
The log is wrapped in polyethylene. After wrapping the log, you should make several small holes for air to enter. Then the logs prepared in this way are placed in a dark place with high humidity to become overgrown with mycelium.
The rate of formation of white plaque (mycelium) on the surface of the log depends on the temperature. At a temperature of +10°C this process will take 3-4 months, at a higher temperature of +20°C – 2-3 months.
After the mycelium has appeared on the surface of the logs, the next stage begins. In the garden, choose an area protected from the sun and wind, where the hole is prepared. The depth of the hole should be approximately 10-15 cm. Its bottom should be watered and then a log overgrown with mycelium should be placed in it (vertically).

Growing oyster mushrooms on stumps

The log is covered with earth for a third or half of its length.
It is recommended to sprinkle the soil around the log with wood ash. This will help control pests such as snails.
Watering is carried out once a week. The irrigation rate is 5 liters per 1 m2. In late autumn, before the onset of frost, the log is covered with plant debris (fallen leaves, straw).
In the spring of next year, the planting is freed from leaves and regular watering begins. First, every week, when the period of ripening of the fruiting bodies begins - every day.
Fruiting of mushrooms occurs in waves and depends on the type of deciduous species and the type of oyster mushroom. So, when growing oyster mushroom on soft wood (birch, willow, poplar), fruiting occurs after 4-6 months and lasts up to 4 years, and on hard wood (maple, beech, rowan), fruiting occurs after 8-12 months and lasts 5- 7 years.

Temperature +15…+25°C is optimal for the formation of fruiting bodies. The yield of oyster mushroom is 20-50% of the total weight of the log.

Well, there is some information on how to grow oyster mushrooms and now all that remains is to try to apply it.

Try it, maybe your hobby will lead to a mushroom business and will bring you not only pleasure, but also profit.
Now all that’s left to do is select the mycelium (there are quite a lot of species of these mushrooms), prepare the necessary materials and start growing oyster mushrooms.

Growing mushrooms is a great hobby even for those who are only superficially familiar with mushroom growing. You can grow mushrooms not only intensively, but also extensively - on stumps (so you can harvest right in your garden). The most suitable mushrooms for planting on stumps are oyster mushrooms. But you can get honey mushrooms, tinder fungus or sawfoils. But you are unlikely to grow champignons this way. In this article we will talk about growing oyster mushrooms on stumps.

Selection and preparation of stumps

How to grow oyster mushrooms in the country? Growing oyster mushrooms on stumps requires careful preparation. The first step is to select the stump itself, which will serve as the foundation for the future mycelium.

It is recommended to choose sections of wood from deciduous trees (up to half a meter in length) or use stumps that remain from recently cut down trees. If you want the cultivation of oyster mushrooms on stumps to be successful, select hardwood. Good material would be maple, ash, birch, aspen or poplar wood. Conifers have a detrimental effect on mycelium, because they contain a huge amount of caustic resins that destroy the mycelium. To ensure the moisture level necessary for growing oyster mushrooms, you should keep the stumps in a container of water for a couple of days, although this is not necessary if you are using fresh wood.

After preparing the log, the mycelium should be added. This can be done in several different ways. You can make holes in the hemp in a checkerboard pattern, up to 6 cm deep and up to 1 cm in diameter. The mycelium is simply poured into such holes (you will need its grain variety), and after the hole you need to close it with moss or adhesive tape. If the mycelium is stick-shaped, place it in the holes you made earlier and cover them using plasticine.

You can saw off a disk that is not too large (about 2-3 cm), cover the end of the log with mycelium, and completely cover the top with the disk, securely fixing it with nails. You can also cover the end of the log with mycelium (1 cm layer), place another log covered with mycelium on top, then a third, and so on. The result is a kind of column covered with mycelium.

After the job has been done, it is necessary to place the logs with mycelium in the basement. This is considered the best option, although you can use a barn as a place to store the logs. As a last resort, a garage will do, although experts are extremely negative about this option. The logs themselves are folded into a pyramid and covered with burlap on top. If you used the third method, simply arrange the logs vertically, creating something like a column. They are placed in several rows, and straw and sawdust are filled in between them. They are also sprinkled with sawdust on top, and then wrapped on the sides with burlap.

Planting stumps in the ground

The next stage of growing mushrooms is placing the stumps in the ground. It is best to do this in May, when it finally gets warmer. For planting, choose a shaded place to make the growing mycelium as comfortable as possible. Dig a shallow hole (up to 10-15 cm), and line its bottom with sawdust or wet leaves. A stump is carefully placed there. Make sure that the distance between the stumps is at least 35 cm. After the stumps have been planted in the ground, you need to water them as needed.

Growing technology

There are several ways to grow mushrooms on stumps. How to grow oyster mushrooms on stumps in a trench? Dig a shallow trench (about 15 cm) and cover the bottom with pearl barley to provide good nutrition for the mushrooms. After this, place the disinfected grain mycelium on top, having first kneaded it well with your hands.

Its amount should be about 300 g per stump. Feel free to place the wet stumps on the mycelium and lightly sprinkle them with soil. How to grow oyster mushrooms by sowing mycelium onto stump cuts?

Treat the ends of the stumps with grain mycelium, applying it with a spatula or using a spatula.

Such stumps are installed one on top of the other, then tied with wire for strength. How to grow mushrooms by placing mycelium deep into solid wood? Make shallow holes in the stump, staggered. Fill the grain mycelium there and close the holes with a wooden plug, sawdust or moss.

Further care

Growing mushrooms on stumps at home is not at all difficult; you just need to follow a few important rules for caring for mushrooms. First, watering. You need to water the soil around the stumps very carefully; excess moisture harms the mushrooms. You can use a spray bottle instead of pouring water from a watering can.

It is best to water stumps only during the dry period, because with optimal air humidity, oyster mushrooms do not require additional moisture. Secondly, take care of covering your “mushroom plantation” for the winter. Spruce branches, foliage or straw are best (you just need to cover the stumps so that they are not damaged by frost).

Harvesting

So, when can you harvest the first harvest? If all necessary conditions are met, the first harvest can be obtained a month after planting. By this time, the mycelium should finally take root.

You can collect mushrooms several times during the season. In general, such plantations can bear fruit for three to five years, and you can reap the most abundant harvests in the second and third years. If you do not place the mycelium in a substrate with small particles, but opt ​​for solid wood, then you will have to wait longer for the harvest, but you will be able to collect it within 5-7 years.

Of course, the amount of harvest will directly depend on the weather conditions in your region, because your “plantation” grows almost in natural conditions. In addition, the harvest can be obtained only twice a year - in spring and autumn. This is quite a profitable activity, since this growing method does not take much time and gives good results. Of course, such an activity is unlikely to bring much profit, but growing mushrooms is an extremely exciting process that can interest anyone.

Video “Growing mushrooms on stumps”

From this video you will learn how to properly grow mushrooms on stumps.

2018-01-25 Igor Novitsky

Any reproduction of various mushroom cultures involves several basic cultivation methods. One of the easiest and most effective methods is the cultivation of mycelium using waste from the forest industry. The most practical is to use stumps of different types of trees on which it grows in nature. This method of cultivation is called extensive. It implies the growth process taking place in natural conditions, in the open air. In rare cases, this can be done in a basement. With this option, cash investments and material and technical base are minimal, and the yield is quite high. However, this will depend on the climatic conditions in which you are located.

Growing mushrooms on stumps at home

The extensive reproduction technique is well suited for use at home. Taking into account the peculiarities of this technology, large production scales can be achieved, but it is quite often used to satisfy only domestic needs. Plantings of several dozen families will regularly supply you and your relatives with a quality product. Industrial production volumes can be achieved through high optimization and the use of the most productive genera.

What mushrooms can be grown on stumps?

If certain conditions are met, mycelium of almost all types can be grown on wood. Mushroom yields will vary significantly. In practical plant growing today, it is customary to cultivate two types of edible mushrooms: oyster mushrooms and honey mushrooms. However, it is most advisable to grow oyster mushrooms. This genus of wild plants produces the largest yield and cycles throughout the year. The technology of reproduction of different genera of this kingdom of botany on wood chocks is identical. The only difference is the natural ability of different variants of mycelium to bear fruit in a woody environment.

Preparing to plant mycelium

To carry out the procedure for infecting a wood piece with a seed mixture, you will need a minimum amount of materials:

1. Wooden log.
2. Mycelium.
3. Auxiliary equipment.

For the purpose of cultivation, you can select any type of low-grade wood. But it is better to prepare those varieties on which spores prefer to grow in natural conditions. Logs should not be older than 1-2 years. It is advisable to choose options with minimal signs of destruction, since fungi very aggressively wear out the tree and your growth medium will quickly exhaust its resource.

It is best to prepare wet and fairly fresh rock. The diameter of the blanks can vary from 15 to 30 cm. The optimal option is 20-25 cm. As was said, the most cost-effective family for home and industrial production is oyster mushroom. Mycelium of this genus is sold in several forms: various containers, plastic bags.

The main nuances that you should know about are the substrate on which the mycelium is grown. The main types include: cereal grains, sawdust, bars, corn cobs. There is an opinion that the most promising option is a seeding medium grown on grains. However, no significant differences in modifications of the bases were identified. Storage of the cultivation substrate should not exceed 6-7 months. Otherwise, the prospects for spore reproduction are reduced. It is better to plant fresh, healthy material.

The main requirements for storing mycelium include temperature (+2°C) and humidity. A high-quality planting substrate is a white conglomerate that is hard to the touch. If it is significantly changed, there will be no harvest. The extensive method involves the use of mycelial gruel or water, which can be easily poured into the seedling nests. The tools with which you will prepare logs for infection can be varied. It's best to have:

• drill;
• chainsaw;
• industrial film;
• metalworker's staple gun;
• container for sterilizing logs.

Mycelium cultivation technology

To sow oyster mushrooms or other genera, wooden logs are prepared, which are sawn into 30-40 cm logs, after soaking them in ordinary water for 1-2 weeks. If the preparations are freshly cut logs, then soaking them is not required. The entire infection algorithm comes down to the following basic manipulations:

1. Boiling wooden blocks.
2. Cutting out primary growth niches.
3. Preparing the seeding medium.
4. Infection.
5. Wrapping the log.

To prevent the competitive growth of various microorganisms with fungi in the wood environment and to destroy antifungal substances, the method of heat treatment of the bar is used. To do this, place the logs in boiling water for 15-30 minutes.

For better infestation of spores into a wooden piece and to protect it from adverse external influences, it should be correctly placed in the log. Several methods are used for this. The first, and simplest, involves placing the mycelium on the end of the block and laying the next one on top. In this way, an artificial trunk is formed, in which each subsequent tier protects the mycelium of the previous one. Straw or sawdust is placed on the surface of the topmost one.

The second method is to put holes on the log, which serve as protection. To do this, use a conventional drill to drill several holes up to 1-15 cm in diameter to a depth of 10 cm. The method of sawing off the top layer of the block is also used. To implement it, a 4-centimeter layer of logs is cut down. The mycelium is placed on it and covered like a lid. Then they fix it with nails.

To achieve the desired consistency, the mycelium is crushed by hand and placed tightly in niches for cultivation. After which they are tightly sealed with wooden valves or paper wads for better incubation.

Micellar media constantly require a certain water content for growth. Logs must be kept at 80% moisture for growth to be successful. To preserve this environment, the stumps are wrapped in plastic film and secured with staples. For good incubation, the blanks are placed in a basement or building with minimal direct sunlight.

Where to place the plantation?

The bars become overgrown in 2 – 2.5 months. After about this time, the first traces of young growth appear on them. This is a good sign. Now the logs can be installed in their permanent location. This is best done in a shaded garden. There they are buried to a depth of 10 cm. Now that your mushroom garden is ready, you need to periodically water it in very dry weather and harvest.

Successes of the Russian mushroom industry

Taking into account the traditional use of oyster mushrooms, white and other types of this plant organism in the Russian diet, mushroom cultivation is one of the most promising areas in crop production. Every year the share of Russian companies in the segment of this type of production increases significantly.

In 2015, the supply of such food products increased by 22%. The departure of foreign importers from the Russian market provides an excellent opportunity for domestic producers, whose supply volume covers only 10-15% of the Russian market. Companies involved in this segment show successful and stable economic growth. Some of the most successful mushroom growing enterprises in Russia are industrial groups in the Moscow region and the Upper Volga region. Constant production growth and high profits are shown by companies that occupy a large part of the Russian market: the Zapadny cold storage plant (TM “4 Seasons”), “Ledovo” (TM “Snezhana”), “Ice World” (TM “Smak”), “Khladovokombinat” No. 1" (St. Petersburg), "Elikom".

There are quite a few of them, and even fewer that are tasty and satisfying. However, it would be useful to learn more about them. This is what we propose to do after reading this article. In it you will find photos and names of mushrooms on a tree, and at the same time the answer to the question: are they edible or not.

Is it possible to eat?

As we wrote above, among the mushrooms growing on trees and stumps, there are those that can be eaten. Although it should be noted that there are much fewer of them than among those that grow in The most famous among the mushrooms found on trunks are This is the popular name for a group of edible mushrooms that belong to various morphological groups. That's what the mushroom was called - honey fungus, because most often it grows on living or dead wood, on stumps.

Did you know? Honey mushroom is an important product for human health. Thus, it contains microelements involved in hematopoiesis. By consuming 100 g of these mushrooms per day, a person will satisfy his daily need for such important elements as copper and zinc.

The honey mushroom category includes quite a few different mushrooms. They can also disguise inedible specimens, which are called Therefore, it is very important to know the characteristic differences between dangerous and non-dangerous mushrooms. Below we provide photos and descriptions of mushrooms that grow on trees and are most common.

How not to make a mistake in choosing?

Among the mushrooms on wood, there are not only honey mushrooms, but also polypores and scales. They can be edible, poisonous and medicinal. Let's get to know them better.

Edible

Not all of the mushrooms listed below are tasty and nutritious, however, they do not cause harm to health. Some of them are well known and popular among experienced mushroom pickers. Here is a list of edible mushrooms growing on trees, with photos and descriptions:

1. . It has a cap in the shape of a horn or funnel. It is light, slightly gray in color. It has a diameter of 3-12 cm. The leg of the oyster mushroom is located in the center, strewn with descending plates, 2-6 cm long. The pulp of the oyster mushroom is white, fleshy, elastic. The mushroom has a slightly pronounced, almost imperceptible aroma and taste. Inhabits deciduous crops from May to September.
   
2. . It also has other names: ram mushroom, dancing mushroom. The specimen is easily recognized by its pseudocap joint and light-colored stem. Its flesh is white and fibrous. It has a pleasant taste and aroma. Fruits from June to October. It is most common at the base and can weigh up to 10 kg.
   
3. . It has a convex brown cap and stem. The center of the fruiting body is darker. The leg is covered with villi. Its diameter is from 2 to 10 cm. The leg is brown, about 7 cm long. The pulp is white, tasty and fragrant. It is most often found on damaged deciduous trees that have dried out and grows in groups from autumn to spring, and can even be found under snow.
   
4. . Inhabitant of deciduous forests. Fruits from April to November. It has a small cap - its average diameter is 6 cm. Like all honey mushrooms, it is convex in youth, and in old age it levels out and becomes flat. Color: brown or yellow. The leg of this honey mushroom is smooth, 7 cm high. The flesh is yellowish in color, refined, with a mild taste.
   
5. . The hat has a diameter of 17 cm. It is painted in different shades of green and brown. The legs of autumn honey mushrooms are 10 cm long, light brown in color, and covered with scales. The pulp is dense, white. The mushroom is tasty and has a pleasant aroma. Most often they can be seen on the stumps of such trees:
   

   Important! Many of the mushrooms have dangerous doubles. The main difference by which honey mushrooms can be distinguished from false honey mushrooms is the presence of a ring on the stem under the cap on edible mushrooms.

6. . The specimen is named because in cross-section it resembles a piece of liver. It has a semicircular brown, slightly red or brown cap 10-30 cm in circumference. Grows on a short lateral stalk. The pulp has a reddish tint and is fleshy. The fruit body is sour in taste and fruity in smell. Prefers to grow on living trees. It usually settles on oak trees. It can rarely be seen on deciduous plants. The mushroom can be found from late summer to autumn.
   
7. The cap of this specimen grows up to 4-8 cm. It is painted in light shades - it can be white, yellowish, or walnut. Covered with dark brown or black scales. The leg is curved, 3-8 cm in length. The pulp is hard and has no special smell or taste. Characterized by high protein content. The collection period is from mid-summer to autumn. Grows on deciduous trees.
   
8. . His hat is oval or semicircular. It has a yellow color with a reddish tint. Covered with small scales. Reaches a diameter of 2-8 cm. The leg is white, short (about 10 mm), located on the side. Some specimens grow without a stem at all. The pulp is hard and white. Its smell and taste are inexpressive. Fruits on deciduous crops from April to August.
   
9. is one of the popular mushrooms growing on trees - you can see it in the photo and description. This specimen grows with a yellow leathery cap dotted with brown scales. Its dimensions are about 30 cm. The leg is also covered with scales and is brown. Reaches a length of 10 cm. The pulp is characterized by density and juiciness, with a rich, pleasant mushroom aroma. The tinder fungus is edible only when young; if it is too old, it will already have hard flesh. Its fruiting period falls in spring and summer. Typically grows in parks and deciduous forests. Likes to live on elms.
   
10. . Popularly nicknamed chicken mushroom. It grows with a yellowish cap in the form of a drop, 10-40 cm in diameter. Its leg is poorly defined, and like its cap, it is yellowish in color. The pulp is elastic and juicy. Grows on a variety of deciduous trees and can attack fruit trees. Fruits from late spring to early autumn.
    

Important! Since mushrooms are a heavy food for the human digestive tract, they should not be eaten at night. They also do not need to be fed to children under five years of age. Before eating, any mushrooms must be boiled for at least 20 minutes.

Poisonous

1. . The cap of this specimen is flat and very large – up to 40 cm in diameter and up to 13 cm in thickness. It has brownish, gray, brown shades. Almost no legs. The pulp of the fruiting body is soft, brown or reddish in color. Likes to settle on poplars, oaks and
   
2. . The fruiting body of this mushroom can be up to 20 cm in diameter. It has a bronze, brown, reddish color. When the ishnoderma is actively growing, drops of red liquid are released on the cap. The flesh of the mushroom is juicy and white. Ischnoderma is found from August to October in deciduous forests (most often on beech, birch, linden). Calls u
   
3. . It is characterized by a large oval or fan-shaped fruiting body 10-15 cm in diameter with a velvety surface. The color can be white, brown, yellowish. It grows on living plants, most often on oak trees.
   
4. . This specimen is very common and can be recognized by its white fruiting body of various shapes. Young mushrooms are covered with drops of liquid. They have juicy and fleshy pulp with a bitter taste. They mainly grow on conifers.
   
5. . The caps grow 10 cm in circumference. Their surface is gray with various shades. The pulp is white, leathery. Most often found on stumps and dead wood. Likes to settle on birch and coniferous trees.
   

Important! Be careful - poisonous mushrooms can be just as attractive in appearance and very fragrant as edible ones.

Medicinal

Some mushrooms, growing together with a tree, form fruiting bodies that have medicinal properties. Traditional healers use them to make medicines. These, for example, include mushrooms growing on trees, the photos and names of which you can find below.

Using stumps to grow mushrooms

Stumps can be used for growing oyster mushrooms. This is easy to do, for example, on To do this, you will need a shady area or room and several stumps from deciduous trees (birch, aspen, poplar). Coniferous crops are not suitable for these purposes.

The stumps should not be old, ideally if they are freshly cut. Dry ones will need to be soaked in water for several days. Their sizes do not make a fundamental difference. Convenient sections with a diameter of 15 to 40 cm and a height of 40 to 50 cm.

Since ancient times they have served people as a valuable food product. These generous gifts of living nature are not only collected from the forest, but also specially grown using certain technologies.

There is nothing easier than growing your favorite edible mushrooms on wood at home. This does not require a lot of time, labor and money.

There are two main ways to grow them successfully: on logs and on stumps.

When breeding, it is known to everyone oyster mushrooms use hardwood logs without signs of rot. The best are: aspen, maple, hornbeam, willow, poplar, birch, beech and oak. Wood from fruit trees is also used: pear, apple, walnut, etc.

On deciduous trees with soft wood (willow, hornbeam, poplar), the mycelium develops faster than on trees with a harder texture (oak, beech), but the yield is slightly lower.

The mycelium is purchased in advance (in early autumn or spring) and stored in the refrigerator at 0-2°C until use. At this temperature, mycelium grown on compost lasts for about a year, and grain mycelium lasts 3-4 months. At elevated temperatures (20-22°C), compost mycelium retains its properties only for a month, and grain mycelium retains its properties only for a month.
5-7 days.

Delicious mushrooms grow only from high-quality mycelium.

Growing oyster mushrooms on logs

The mycelium is germinated indoors, and fruiting occurs in an open area or in the same room.

Freshly cut trunks with natural moisture content and a diameter of at least 15 cm are best suited for this. They are cut into pieces 25-30cm long. Dried logs are soaked in water for 2-3 days. Infection of fresh stumps with mycelium is carried out at the end of winter or early spring.

In the lower part of the prepared stump, in a checkerboard pattern, at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other, cuts are cut or holes are drilled with a diameter of 1-2 cm and a depth of 4-5 cm. With clean hands, insert “mushroom sticks” and cover the top with pieces of bark, moistened with sawdust or cotton wool, and paraffin. Wrap in damp burlap and place in a dark, damp room for overgrowth with mycelium.

At a temperature of 15-18°C and a relative humidity of about 90%, it overgrows in
2-2.5 months. The burlap is removed after a white fluffy coating appears in the areas of mycelium infection. They take it outside, carefully dig it into the ground on ⅓ – ½ share of the length in a shaded place and water. Do not touch the resulting plaque with your hands.

There is an easier way to sow mycelium. It is poured onto thick, clean cardboard (in the center) and a freshly cut end of the stump is placed on top, in which small holes are made with a knife. The free ends of the cardboard are lifted and tied around with tight twine. This part is planted in the ground and watered well.

It is cultivated in the garden under fruit trees, under a canopy, in the shade of a fence or building, where the soil is constantly moist and the mushrooms are protected from sunlight. Such conditions prevent the stump from drying out and help increase the yield.
In dry weather, the top soil layer is regularly irrigated, maintaining its moderate moisture. They are most carefully cared for in the first year; later, watering is carried out before fruiting begins.

2-3 months after planting the stump in the soil, when the temperature drops at night, fruiting begins.
7-10 days after the appearance of the primordia of the fruiting bodies, harvesting begins. The deadline for collection is when the mushroom cap reaches a diameter of 8-10 cm, and the legs reach 4 cm in length.
The stumps overwinter in open ground; it is not recommended to move them anywhere.

The stumps do not need to be taken outside, but left in the same place where they were overgrown with mycelium, with the same temperature and air humidity of 60-85%. In this case, the harvest is harvested all year round.

When growing it in a greenhouse, the stumps are infected with mycelium in October-November and they are deepened into the soil by 10-15 cm. The mycelium applied to the end of a piece of log is covered with a wooden disk 2-3 cm thick and with a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the piece.
Overgrowth occurs within 1-1.5 months at an air temperature of 13-15°C, soil temperature of 20-22°C and relative air humidity of 90-95%.

After the mycelium grows, the air temperature is reduced to 0-2°C for 2 days to stimulate fruiting, and then raised again to 10-14°C.
Fruiting in a greenhouse occurs 2-2.5 months after the introduction of mycelium. It is wavy in nature. This cultivation prolongs the consumption of mushrooms and allows them to be obtained in winter.

Growing oyster mushrooms on stumps

With this method, which is of significant interest, the introduction of seed material, germination of the mycelium and fruiting are carried out directly on the plot.

It is advisable to use fresh hardwood stumps with a diameter of 25-70 cm after recent tree felling, but without the presence of other fungi on them.

Wood can be infested at any time of the year, but it is better in April-June. The technology for introducing mycelium is similar to that given above, but there is no need to wrap the stump in burlap.
The lower part of the stump is sown close to the ground. Tall stumps begin to be seeded with mycelium at a distance of 4-6cm from its upper surface.

The appearance of fruiting bodies on stumps located in the garden is facilitated by a decrease in daytime temperature to 12-18°C, and at night - to 4-8°C. This weather is typical for September-October.

Up to 100 primordia of fruiting bodies can appear on one log or stump. Fruiting lasts 30-50 days, depending on weather conditions. In dry weather, the stumps are watered at least twice a week.

Mushrooms planted on wood grow for 6-8 years and bear fruit until the wood substrate is completely destroyed. Maximum yield is observed in the second year after inoculation.

In addition to obtaining excellent mushrooms, they simultaneously achieve the destruction of stumps in the area without uprooting.

Try to grow oyster mushroom in your garden, since mushrooms grown extensively on wood are most valued all over the world for their nutritional and medicinal properties. They are used to prepare unusually aromatic and healthy dishes that significantly expand the daily diet.

Growing oyster mushrooms on straw

It grows not only on wood, but also on the straw of any grain crops (reeds, sunflower husks, hay, sawdust and other plant debris are suitable). The straw is crushed to 3-8 cm, poured with boiling water, cooled to room temperature and placed tightly in a plastic bag, squeezing out excess moisture with your hands. From time to time it is sprinkled with fresh mycelium. For a bucket of straw, 200g of mycelium on wheat or oats is enough.

Cross-shaped slits 1-2 cm long are made in the bag every 15-20 cm for the germination of mushroom caps. Leave in a dark room at a temperature of 22-25°C until the substrate is so overgrown that it takes on the appearance of a compact block overgrown with mycelium. Then it is transferred to a cool place until the primordia of fruiting bodies appear. Then they are taken outside to a shaded place (in summer) or left to bear fruit in a basement or greenhouse (in winter) with good ventilation.

When the mycelium is sown in April-May, fruiting occurs in September-October.

Knots for memory

• The fastest harvest comes from fresh mycelium on wheat or oats.
• The mycelium feeds on wood, which is destroyed. The larger the feeding area, the longer the fruiting of mushrooms.
• Oyster mushroom (oyster mushroom) Excellent for growing on stumps. It is quite productive, its mycelium is not afraid of frost and winters well.
• Champignons, honey mushrooms and many other types of forest mushrooms are recommended for home cultivation. They also boast high yields.
• The mycelium of the medicinal delicacy shiitake or champignons often freezes in the open ground, so it is better to breed them in a greenhouse or other enclosed space.
• In China, shiitake, called the elixir of life, has long been used for healing. Its healing qualities are confirmed by modern research. These mushrooms exhibit radioprotective, antitumor, antiviral and antibacterial activity, help increase immunity, reduce blood clotting, and lower blood cholesterol.
• A high-quality mushroom is strong and fleshy, not damaged by pests and diseases.
• For the winter they are dried, salted and pickled.
• A shady place suits them, but not total shade.
• Warm summer light drizzling rain falling in the light of the sun during mushroom season is popularly called mushroom rain, since it is a harbinger of their mass appearance.