1. Factories (not / to use) this method of processing.
2. Not only goods but also services (to be) important for consumers.
3. The industry (not / to use) the resources intensively.
4. The factory (to belong) to a Japanese company.
5. The primary sector (not / to include) services to consumers.
6. There (to be) a lot of agricultural land in this part of the country.
7. Manufacturing (to grow) last in the UK and mining (not / to grow) fast now.
8. There (to be) several industries which (to belong) to the primary sector.
9. You (to be) a manager?
XIII. Make the following sentences positive or negative, depending on the meaning, using the verbs in the correct form.
1. Manufacturing industries (to be) important in all countries.
2. Agriculture (to include) crop and animal farming.
3. Mining (to belong) to the service sector.
4. Industries of the primary sector (to process) resources.
5. Fishing, forestry, and beekeeping (to be) industries of the secondary sector, they (to belong) to the primary sector.
6. Countries which (to be) rich in land (to produce) agricultural products.
7. Mining (to be) a very important industry in Russia.
8. Agriculture (to provide) goods for consumers and manufacturing.
9. In industrialized countries, the service sector (to grow) very fast.
please(
HELP ME PLEASE!:(
Ask questions for the following sentences.
1) There are some new books in our library.
2) There is no book on the table /
3) There were many old houses in our street /
4) There are 4 seasons in a year
5) There will be a conference next week.
6) There are many large cities in our country.
7) There was nobody in the room.
8) There are 7 days in a week.
9) There is something on the shelf.
10) There are many places of interest in London.
11) There are many beautiful flowers in our garden.
12) There was much work last week
signs of what part of speech are words formed with the ending -s and what function this ending performs, that is, does it serve:
a) the indicator of the 3rd person singular person of the verb in Present Indefinite;
b) the sign of the plural of the noun;
c) the possessive case of a noun
1. My brother has many friends.
a) –s b) –s c) -s
2. This is my sister's book.
a) –s b) –s c) -s
3. We often buy tomatoes and potatoes in the supermarket.
a) –s b) –s c) -s
4. Ann lives in Moscow.
a) –s b) –s c) -s
5. I am always in time for the lessons.
a) –s b) –s c) -s
II Rewrite the following sentences and translate them, paying attention to the peculiarities of the translation into Russian of the definitions expressed by the noun.
1. There are different types of rocket motors.
2. Where is the sports goods department? It's on the fourth floor.
3. What is the room temperature?
4. This scientist got two State prizes.
5. There are some students on the sport ground.
Study the topic: the degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs.
III. Run the test. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
1. She ___ than her sister.
a) tall b) taller c) more taller
2. You are even ___ than before.
a) more beautiful b) beautiful c) the most beautiful
3. I earn ___ than a postman.
a) little b) the least c) less
4. She is the ____ pupil in the school.
a) most intelligent b) more intelligent c) less intelligent
5. The ___ is the day, the ____ is the night.
a) taller… smaller b) shorter… longer c) more… worse
Explore the topic: indefinite and negative pronouns.
IV. Run the test. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
1. He asked me ____ questions.
a) some b) any c) not any
2. I haven’t ___ money at all.
a) no b) some c) any
3.. Are the ____ pictures on the wall?
a) some b) any c) not any
4. There are ____ textbooks on the desk.
a) no b) no any c) any
5. You can buy stamps at ___ post office.
a) some b) no c) any
Explore the topic: The times of the group Indefinite (Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite, Future Indefinite).
V. Perform the test. Translate the following sentences in writing:
1. I ___ John and Mary last week.
a) see b) saw c) shall see
2. I ___ live far from the center of town.
a) aren’t b) don’t c) isn’t
3. My boss ____ away for the next three days.
a) are b) were c) will be
4. Do you think this style ____ me?
a) suits b) suit c) shall suit
5. Harry ___ ill last week but now he is better.
a) is b) was c) will be
this ending performs, i.e. Does it serve: a) the indicator of the 3rd person singular of the verb in Present Indefinite; b) the sign of the plural of a noun; c) an indicator of the possessive case of a noun. Translate the sentences into Russian. 1. The foundation of Oxford dates back to 10th century. 2. A graduate "s gown is generally of knee length and for ceremonial occasions. 3. The central University arranges lectures for the students in a particular subject, holds examinations and grants degrees. P. Ask all the main types of questions to the next sentence. My brother is a first-year student of the Moscow State Social University III.Rewrite the following sentences containing different degrees of comparison, determine the degree of comparison, and translate the sentence into Russian: 1. Christ Church is the biggest and most magnificent Cathedral in Oxford. 2. Today "s weather is worse that it was yesterday. 3. It is hotter in Athens than in London; it is not as hot in Oslo as it is in London. IV. Rewrite and translate in writing the sentences into Russian, paying attention to the translation of the pronouns much, many, little, few, a little, a few. 1. I "d like to say a few words about my journey. 2. Let's stay here a little longer: it is such a nice place. 3. There were many new words in the text and Peter spent much time learning them. V Rewrite the following sentences, define the temporal forms of verbs in them and indicate their infinitives; translate the sentences into Russian. 1. Her fellow student often takes part in the conferences. 2, On Sunday Helen went to the library and took a very interesting book. 3.1 shall be able to translate this article if you give me a dictionary.
The more you begin to appreciate and love your familiar native Russian language. It seems to us that in Russian there are no confusing tenses, no regular / irregular verbs, no articles. Everything is simple and straightforward. But this is certainly not the case. And the Russian language lacks its own complex rules and confusing definitions. In this article, we will look at a slightly confusing there is / are construction, which is rather unusual, since it stands at the beginning of a sentence and is usually not translated in any way.
How and when to use there is / there are?
We use this construction when we need to say about location any subject. That is, that something (someone) somewhere located. You need to immediately remember that we always put it at the beginning suggestions. I think you have already guessed that we use there is when we are talking about one subject, and there are - about several.
We will translate the first sentence literally as follows: "There is (is) book on the shelf "... Of course, in Russian it sounds ugly, and in life no one speaks like that. But the first step is to understand meaning what we say .
This literal translation will help you speak correctly and, most importantly, understand the logic of this construction. But when you say this phrase many times and you do not need to translate it word for word, then you can move on to a beautiful literary translation: There are two books on the shelf.
Order of words in a sentence
with there is / are
Remember to put “there is / there are” at the beginning when talking about the location of something. This will help your interlocutor to understand from the very beginning that we are talking about finding something somewhere. In such a sentence, each word is in its own specific place. Let's take a look at the word order in a sentence.
| 1st place | 2nd place | 3rd place | 4th place |
| There | be (in the desired form) | What (who) is | Where is |
| There | is | a cat | in the room |
| There | are | cats | in the street |
Negative form c there is / are
The negative form is formed by the addition of a particle not... It is used when you want to say that something no / was not / will not be anywhere. We can cut there is not = there isn "t and there are not = there aren "t.
Also with the construction there is / there are the word is often used no (No)... But abbreviations in such phrases are not allowed, because not is a particle that can be abbreviated, and no is already a word that cannot be abbreviated.
How to ask questions with there is / are?
The construction of questions with this construction obeys the standard rules of the English language. To ask a question, it is enough to move the words is / are to the beginning of the sentence, before the word there. Let's look at an example of how to make an interrogative from an affirmative sentence.
Statement
Question
Positive response will look like this.
At negative answer we add the not particle.
To consolidate, consider one more example.
How to ask questions using question words?
With the phrases there is / there are, you can also build sentences using interrogative words. Here is some of them:
- what - what,
- which - which,
- why - why,
- how long - how long
- when - when.
In such questions, we put these words first, and then the sentence is constructed as in a simple question.
There is / are in the past and future tenses
If you want to say about something that was or will be somewhere, then for this it is enough to change word form is / are (verb be)... How this verb changes, we will consider in great detail in the next article. For now, just remember - to change the tense using there is / are, you need to change the verb.
Since the turnover there is / there are is mainly used to say where is this or that object, then you can easily practice using this construction. Take a look around. What do you see? Where are the things you are used to? So, There is ...
It is difficult to overestimate the role that there is / there are in English. Before embarking on it, we advise you to memorize the prepositions of the place. We will talk about the arrangement of things in various rooms or parts of them, so we need words such as in, at, in front of, etc..
The special word order for the English language is preserved in these sentences. Let's start with the affirmative form, since the word order in an English sentence is usually judged by it.
Usually, the actual construction there is (are) comes first, then the object, the location of which must be described. Completes the sentence, except in some cases, the circumstance of place. Less often, the circumstance of place is placed at the beginning of the sentence.
Here are some simple classic examples:
There is a bird in the cage.
Since a direct translation will look a little ridiculous (there is a bird in a cage), it is better to translate this sentence from the end. "There is a bird in the cage." We also think up the word "sitting", and the sentence will sound completely in Russian.
There are birds in the cages.
"Birds are sitting in cages." Most likely, we went to a pet store.
According to the rules, when in one sentence we describe several different objects or their groups, the setting of the there is / there are constructions depends on the number of the first mentioned objects. Examples:
There is a table, two chairs, and three armchairs in the room. The room has a table, two chairs and three armchairs.
There are two chairs, three armchairs, and a table... The room has two chairs, three armchairs and a table.
Denials
Making sentences with the construction there is are negative is as easy as shelling pears. It is necessary after one of the forms of the verb be (that is, is, are) to put the words no or not, which express negation.
Language learners sometimes worry about what to deliver to them. We hasten to reassure you: there is practically no difference, except perhaps ‘ no'Makes the denial a little stronger. It stands out more in its voice. One nuance - after the word “ no»Article 'A’Is not used. Examples:
There is not a brick house in the area. There is no brick house in the area... There is no brick house in the area.
There are not any brick houses in the area. There are no brick houses in the area. There are no brick houses in the area. In a sentence with not, the negative pronoun any is often used.
Questions
Interrogative sentences differ in word order, and in them, as in negations, an indefinite pronoun is used any Unlike some in affirmative sentences. Examples:
Is there petrol in the tank? Is there gas in the tank?
Are there any nails in the box? Are there any nails in the box?
Conversational forms
We have considered only the classic full forms of sentences with there is / are. It is very important to note that in spoken English, the use of abbreviated forms of affirmative or negative sentences is preferable. Examples:
There’s an apple in the vase... There is an apple in the vase.
There aren’t any apples in the vase... There are no apples in the vase.
There isn’t an apple in the vase. There’s no apple in the vase... There is no apple in the vase.
table
Now let's work with the traditional table. We think that it will not be difficult to supplement it with your own examples. Use dictionaries more actively. Use an internet search. First, you can write down the suggestions given in this article into the table.
1. Describe a small English town using the phrase There is / There are. Make up positive (+) and negative (-) sentences.
E.g .: a theater (+) - There is a theater in the town. (There is a theater in the city.)
- two cinemas (+)
- a lake (-)
- four castles (+)
- ten restaurants (-)
- a zoo (+)
- 5-star hotels (-)
- three banks (+)
- many tourists (+)
2. Agree or disprove the following statements. Give the correct answer.
Eg: There are 50 minutes in one hour. (There are 50 minutes in one hour.) - No, there aren’t. There are 60 minutes in one hour. (No. There are 60 minutes in one hour.)
- There are 10 planets in the Solar system.
- There are 7 days in a week.
- There are 20 months in a year.
- There are 7 fingers on one hand.
- There is one nose on the face.
3. Arrange the words in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences in order.
- a market - is - the river - there - near
- TV - there - a good film - on - is
- any - in the sky - there - clouds - aren't
- in my coffee - is - sugar - any - there?
- sailors - are - in the boat - five - there
4. Translate the sentences.
- There is a clean beach near the hotel.
- There are three cats on the couch.
- There is a bottle of milk in the fridge.
- There are no strawberries in the basket.
- Are there people at the bus stop?
- Is there a mirror in your bag?
- There is no toilet in this park.
- There are many flowers in our garden.
- There is a green ball under the table.
- There is no one outside the door.
5. Ask questions for the sentences, starting with the suggested words.
- There are four elephants in the zoo. (How many ...?)
- There is a lot of snow in February. (Is ...?)
- There is some fish on the plate. (What ...?)
- There are no cars in the car park. (Are ...?)
- There are ancient walls around the city. (What ...?)
6. Translate proverbs and sayings.
- There is no place like home.
- Where there is love there is life.
- There is no bad weather, there are bad clothes.
- There are plenty of other fish in the sea.
- There are two sides to every question.
Answers:
- There are two cinemas in the town. (There are two cinemas in the city.)
- There is no lake in the town. (There is no lake in the city.)
- There are four castles in the town. (There are 4 castles in the city.)
- There aren’t ten restaurants in the town. (There are no 10 restaurants in town.)
- There is a zoo in the town. (There is a zoo in the city.)
- There aren’t any 5-star hotels in the town. (There are no 5-star hotels in the city.)
- There are three banks in the town. (There are three banks in the city.)
- There are many tourists in the town. (There are many tourists in the city.)
- No, there aren’t. There are 9 planets in the Solar system. (No. There are 9 planets in the solar system.)
- Yes, there are. There are 7 days in a week. (Yes. There are 7 days in a week.)
- No, there aren’t. There are 12 months in a year. (No. There are 12 months in a year.)
- No, there aren’t. There are 5 fingers on one hand. (No. There are 5 fingers on one hand.)
- Yes, there is. There is one nose on the face. (Yes. There is one nose on the face.)
- There is a market near the river. (There is a market by the river.)
- There is a good film on TV. (There's a good movie on TV.)
- There aren't any clouds in the sky. (There are no clouds in the sky.)
- Is there any sugar in my coffee? (Is there sugar in my coffee?)
- There are five sailors in the boat. (There are 5 sailors in the boat.)
- There is a clean beach near the hotel.
- There are three cats on the sofa.
- There is a bottle of milk in the fridge.
- There aren’t any strawberries in the basket.
- Are there any people at the bus stop?
- Is there a mirror in your bag?
- There is no toilet in this park.
- There are many (a lot of) flowers in our garden.
- There is a green ball under the table.
- There isn’t anyone behind the door.
Indefinite pronouns do not refer to a specific person, place, or thing. In English, there is a special group of indefinite pronouns, formed by a quantifier (quantifier) or distribution, which are preceded by any, some, every and no.
Indefinite pronouns with some and any are used to describe an undefined or unfinished quantity just like some and any used independently.
An indefinite pronoun occupies the same place in a sentence as a noun.
Affirmative sentences
In affirmative sentences, indefinite pronouns with some are used to describe an indefinite number, indefinite pronouns with every are used to describe the full number, and pronouns with no are used to describe absence. Indefinite pronouns with no are often used in positive sentences with a negative meaning, however, such sentences are not negative, since they lack the word not.
Any and the indefinite pronoun formed from it can be used in affirmative sentences with a meaning close to every: whichever person, whichever place, whichever thing, etc.
Negative sentences
Negative sentences can only be formed with those indefinite pronouns that include any.
Many negative sentences that include indefinite pronouns with any can become positive sentences with a negative meaning using the indefinite pronoun with no... However, with such a transformation, the meaning itself changes: a sentence that includes an indefinite pronoun with no stronger, and can carry emotional stress such as protection, despair, anger, etc.
Negative questions
Indefinite pronouns with every, some, and any are used to form negative sentences. Answers to such questions are "yes" or "no"
Pronouns with any and every participate in the creation of the present question, while the pronoun some in the question assumes that we know the answer or have a guess about it.
These questions can become rhetorical if made negative. Anyone who asks a question of this kind expects the answer to "no".
Some and the pronouns that are derived from it are used only in those questions to which we think we already know the answer, or in other kinds of so-called questions (invitations, requests, etc.). The person who asks such questions expects the answer "Yes".
These questions can be even more specific if they are negative. In this case, the questioner is sure to receive the answer "Yes".
