The procedure for performing namaz in the four madhhabs (theological and legal schools) of Islam has some minor differences, through which the entire palette of the prophetic heritage is interpreted, revealed and mutually enriched. Taking into account that the madhhab of Imam Nu‘man ibn Sabit Abu Hanifa, as well as the madhhab of Imam Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi‘i, was most widely used in the Russian Federation and the CIS, we will analyze in detail only the features of the two schools mentioned.
In ritual practice, it is desirable for a Muslim to follow any one madhhab, but in a difficult situation, as an exception, one can act according to the canons of any other Sunni madhhab.
“Perform the obligatory prayer-prayer and pay zakat [obligatory alms]. Hold on to God [ask for help only from Him and rely on Him, strengthen yourself through worship of Him and good deeds before Him]. He is your Patron ... "(see).
Attention! Read all articles on prayer and issues related to it in a special section on our website.
“Verily, it is prescribed for believers to perform prayer-prayer at a strictly defined time!” (cm. ).
In addition to these verses, we recall that in the hadith, which lists the five pillars of religious practice, the five daily prayers are also mentioned.
To perform a prayer, the following conditions must be met:
1. The person must be a Muslim;
2. He must be of age (children must begin to be taught to pray from the age of seven to ten);
3. He must be of sound mind. People with mental disabilities are completely exempted from performing religious practices;
6. Clothing and place of prayer should be;
8. Turn your face towards Mecca, where the shrine of the Abrahamic Monotheism - the Kaaba is located;
9. There must be an intention to pray (in any language).
The order of performing the morning prayer (Fajr)
Time performing morning prayers - from the moment the dawn appears until the beginning of sunrise.
Morning prayer consists of two sunna rak'yats and two fard rak'yats.
Two rak'ahs of Sunnah
At the end of the adhan, both the reader and the one who heard it say “salavat” and, raising their hands to chest level, turn to the Almighty with a prayer traditionally read after the adhan:
Transliteration:
“Allaahumma, rabba haazihi dda‘vati ttaammati wa ssalyatil-kaaima. These muhammadanil-wasilyata wal-fadyilya, vab‘ashu makaaman mahmuudan ellaziy va‘adtakh, varzuknaa shafa‘atahu yavmal-kyayame. Innakya laya tukhliful-mii‘aad.”
للَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ وَ الصَّلاَةِ الْقَائِمَةِ
آتِ مُحَمَّدًا الْوَسيِلَةَ وَ الْفَضيِلَةَ وَ ابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْموُدًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ ،
وَ ارْزُقْنَا شَفَاعَتَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، إِنَّكَ لاَ تُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ .
Translation:
“O Allah, Lord of this perfect call and beginning prayer! Give the Prophet Muhammad "al-wasiyla" and dignity. Grant him the promised high position. And help us take advantage of his intercession on the Day of Judgment. Verily, You do not break the promise!”
Also, after reading the adhan, announcing the onset of the morning prayer, it is advisable to pronounce the following du‘a:
Transliteration:
“Allaahumma haaze ikbaalu nakhaarikya va idbaaru laylikya va asvaatu du’aatik, fagfirlii.”
اَللَّهُمَّ هَذَا إِقْبَالُ نَهَارِكَ وَ إِدْباَرُ لَيْلِكَ
وَ أَصْوَاتُ دُعَاتِكَ فَاغْفِرْ لِي .
Translation:
“O Supreme! This is the beginning of Your day, the end of Your night and the voices of those who call to You. Forgive me!"
Step 2. Niyat
(intention): "I intend to perform two rak'yats of the Sunnah of the morning prayer, doing this sincerely for the Almighty."
Then the men, raising their hands to the level of the ears so that the thumbs touch the lobes, and the women to the level of the shoulders, pronounce "takbir": "Allahu akbar" ("Allah is great"). At the same time, it is advisable for men to separate their fingers, and for women to close them. After that, the men put their hands on the stomach just below the navel, placing the right hand on the left, clasping the left wrist with the little finger and thumb of the right hand. Women lower their hands to their chests, placing the right hand on the left wrist.
The gaze of the worshiper is directed to the place where he will lower his face during the prostration.
Step 3
Then surah al-Ihlyas is read:
Transliteration:
“Kul huva llaahu ahad. Allahu ssomad. Lam yalid wa lam yulad. Wa lam yakul-lyahu kufuvan ahad.”
قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ . اَللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ . لَمْ يَلِدْ وَ لَمْ يوُلَدْ . وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ .
Translation:
“Say: “He, Allah, is One. God is eternal. [Only He is the one whom all will need to infinity.] Did not beget and was not born. And no one can equal Him.”
Step 4
Praying with the words "Allahu akbar" makes a waist bow. At the same time, he puts his hands on his knees with palms down. Bending down, straightens the back, keeps the head at the level of the back, looking at the feet. Having taken this position, the worshiper says:
Transliteration:
"Subhaana rabbiyal-‘azym"(3 times).
سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيمِ
Translation:
"Praise be to my Great Lord."
Step 5
The worshiper returns to his former position and, rising, says:
Transliteration:
"Sami'a llaahu li men hamideh."
سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ
Translation:
« The Almighty hears the one who praises Him».
Straightening up, he says:
Transliteration:
« Rabbana lakyal-hamd».
رَبَّناَ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ
Translation:
« Our Lord, only praise to You».
It is possible (sunnah) to also add the following: Mil'as-samaavaati wa mil'al-ard, wa mi'a maa shi'te min sheyin ba'd».
مِلْءَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ مِلْءَ اْلأَرْضِ وَ مِلْءَ مَا شِئْتَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ بَعْدُ
Translation:
« [Our Lord, praise be to You alone] which fills the heavens and the earth and whatever You will».
Step 6
Praying with the words "Allahu Akbar" descends to bow to the ground. Most of the Islamic scholars (jumhur) said that from the point of view of the Sunnah, the most correct way to bow to the ground is to lower the knees first, then the hands, and then the face, placing it between the hands and touching the ground (rug) with the nose and forehead.
At the same time, the tips of the toes should not come off the ground and be directed towards the qibla. The eyes must be open. Women press their chests to their knees, and their elbows to their bodies, while it is desirable for them to close their knees and feet.
After the worshiper has accepted this position, he says:
Transliteration:
« Subhaana rabbiyal-a'lyaya" (3 times).
سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الأَعْلىَ
Translation:
« Praise be to my Lord who is above all».
Step 7
With the words “Allahu Akbar”, the worshiper raises his head, then his hands and, straightening up, sits on his left leg, placing his hands on his hips so that the tips of his fingers touch his knees. For some time the worshiper is in this position. It should be noted that, according to the Hanafi, in all sitting positions, when performing prayer, women should sit down, connecting their hips and bringing both feet to the right. But this is unprincipled.
Then again, with the words "Allahu Akbar", the worshiper descends to perform the second bow to the earth and repeats what was said during the first.
Step 8
Raising his head first, then his hands, and then his knees, the worshiper stands up, saying "Allahu Akbar", and assumes the starting position.
This marks the end of the first rak'ah and the beginning of the second.
In the second rak'yaat, "as-Sana" and "a'uzu bil-lyakhi minash-shaytoni rrajim" are not read. The worshiper begins immediately with “bismil-lyakhi rrahmani rrahim” and does everything in the same way as in the first rak'yaat, until the second bow to the earth.
Step 9
After the worshiper rises from the second prostration, he again sits on his left foot and reads “tashahhud”.
Hanafi (putting hands loosely on hips without closing fingers):
Transliteration:
« At-tahiyatu lil-lyahi was-salavaatu wat-toyibaat,
As-salayama ‘alaykya ayyuhan-nabiyu wa rahmatul-laahi wa barakyatukh,
Ashkhadu allaya ilyayahe illa llaahu wa ashkhadu anna muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuuulukh.”
اَلتَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ وَ الصَّلَوَاتُ وَ الطَّيِّباَتُ
اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكَ أَيـُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَ بَرَكَاتُهُ
اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْناَ وَ عَلىَ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ
أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُTranslation:
« Greetings, prayers and all good deeds belong only to the Almighty.
Peace be upon you, O Prophet, the mercy of God and His blessing.
Peace be upon us and the pious servants of the Most High.
I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.”
While pronouncing the words “la ilyakhe”, it is advisable to raise the index finger of the right hand up, and lower it when saying “illa llaahu”.
Shafiites (positioning the left hand freely, without separating the fingers, but clenching the right hand into a fist and releasing the thumb and forefinger; while the thumb in a bent position adjoins the brush):
Transliteration:
« At-tahiyayatul-mubaarakyatus-salavaatu ttoyibaatu lil-lyah,
As-salayama ‘alaykya ayyuhan-nabiyu wa rahmatul-laahi wa barakayatuh,
As-salayama ‘alayanaa wa ‘alayaya ‘ibaadil-lyayahi ssaalihiin,
Ashkhadu allaya ilyayahe illa llaahu wa ashkhadu anna muhammadan rasuulul-laah.”
اَلتَّحِيَّاتُ الْمُبَارَكَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ الطَّـيِّـبَاتُ لِلَّهِ ،
اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكَ أَيـُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَ بَرَكَاتـُهُ ،
اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْـنَا وَ عَلىَ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ ،
أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ .During the pronunciation of the words “illa llaahu”, the index finger of the right hand is raised up without additional movements (while the gaze of the prayer can be turned to this finger) and lowered.
Step 10
After reading “tashahhud”, the prayer, without changing his position, says “salavat”:
Transliteration:
« Allahumma sally ‘alaya sayyidinaa muhammadin wa ‘alaya eeli sayidinaa muhammad,
Kama sallayite ‘alaya sayidinaa ibraahiima wa ‘alaya eeli sayidinaa ibrahiim,
Wa baariq ‘alaya sayyidina muhammadin wa ‘alaya eeli sayyidina muhammad,
Kamaa baarakte ‘alaya sayidinaa ibraahima wa ‘alaya eeli sayidinaa ibraaheeima fil-‘aalamimin, Innekya Hamidun Majiid» .
اَللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ
كَماَ صَلَّيْتَ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ
وَ باَرِكْ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ
كَماَ باَرَكْتَ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي الْعاَلَمِينَ
إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌTranslation:
« O Allah! Bless Muhammad and his family, as You blessed Ibrahim (Abraham) and his family.
And send blessings to Muhammad and his family, as You sent blessings to Ibrahim (Abraham) and his family in all the worlds.
Verily, You are the Praised, the Glorified."
Step 11
After reading the “salavat”, it is advisable to turn to the Lord with a prayer (du‘a). The theologians of the Hanafi madhhab argue that only the form of prayer that is mentioned in the Holy Quran or in the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) can be used as a du‘a. Another part of Islamic theologians allows the use of any form of du'a. At the same time, the opinion of scholars is unanimous that the text of the du'a used in prayer should only be in Arabic. This prayer-du‘a is read without raising the hands.
We list the possible forms of prayer (du‘a):
Transliteration:
« Rabbanaa eetina fid-duniyah hasanatan va fil-aakhyrati hasanatan va kynaa ‘azaaban-naar».
رَبَّناَ آتِناَ فِي الدُّنـْياَ حَسَنَةً وَ فِي الأَخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَ قِناَ عَذَابَ النَّارِ
Translation:
« Our Lord! Give us good things in this and the next life, protect us from the torment of Hell».
Transliteration:
« Allahumma innii zolyamtu nafsia zulmen kasiira, va innahu laya yagfiru zzunuube illaya ent. Fagfirlia magfiraten min ‘indik, warhamnia, innakya entel-gafuurur-rahiim».
اَللَّهُمَّ إِنيِّ ظَلَمْتُ نـَفْسِي ظُلْمًا كَثِيرًا
وَ إِنـَّهُ لاَ يَغـْفِرُ الذُّنوُبَ إِلاَّ أَنـْتَ
فَاغْـفِرْ لِي مَغـْفِرَةً مِنْ عِنْدِكَ
وَ ارْحَمْنِي إِنـَّكَ أَنـْتَ الْغـَفوُرُ الرَّحِيمُTranslation:
« O Supreme! Verily, I have repeatedly done wrong to myself [committing sins], and no one but You forgives sins. Forgive me with Your forgiveness! Have mercy on me! Verily, You are the Forgiving, the Merciful».
Transliteration:
« Allahumma inniy a‘uuzu bikya min ‘azaabi jahannam, wa min ‘azaabil-kabr, wa min fitnatil-mahyaya wal-mamaat, wa min sharri fitnatil-myasiikhid-dajaal».
اَللَّهُمَّ إِنيِّ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ
وَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقـَبْرِ وَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا
وَ الْمَمَاتِ وَ مِنْ شَرِّ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ .Translation:
« O Supreme! Truly, I ask You for protection from the torments of Hell, the torments in the afterlife, from the temptations of life and death, and from the temptation of the Antichrist.».
Step 12
After that, the prayer with the words of greeting “as-salayama ‘alaykum wa rahmatul-laah” (“peace and blessings of Allah be upon you”) turns his head first to the right side, looking at his shoulder, and then, repeating the words of greeting, to the left. This ends the two rak'yats of the Sunnah prayer.
Step 13
1) "Astaghfirullaa, astagfirullaa, astagfirullaa."
أَسْـتَـغـْفِرُ اللَّه أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّه أَسْـتَـغـْفِرُ اللَّهَ
Translation:
« Forgive me Lord. Forgive me Lord. Forgive me Lord».
2) Raising his hands to chest level, the worshiper says: “ Allahumma ente salayam wa minkya salayam, tabaarakte yaa zal-jalyali wal-ikraam. Allahumma a‘inni ‘ala zikrikya wa shukrikya wa husni ‘ibaadatik».
اَللَّهُمَّ أَنـْتَ السَّلاَمُ وَ مِنْكَ السَّلاَمُ
تَـبَارَكْتَ ياَ ذَا الْجَـلاَلِ وَ الإِكْرَامِ
اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنيِّ عَلىَ ذِكْرِكَ وَ شُكْرِكَ وَ حُسْنِ عِباَدَتـِكَTranslation:
« O Allah, You are peace and security, and peace and security come from You alone. Give us a blessing (that is, accept the prayer we have performed). O He Who has greatness and bounty, O Allah, help me worthy to mention You, worthy to thank You and worship You in the best way».
Then he lowers his hands, running his palms over his face.
It should be noted that during the performance of two rak'yaats of the sunnah of the morning prayer, all prayer formulas are pronounced to oneself.
Two fard rak'yats
Step 1. Iqamah
Step 2. Niyat
Then all the actions described above are performed when explaining the two rak'yats of the sunnah.
The exception is that the sura "al-Fatiha" and the sura read after it are pronounced aloud here. If a person performs a prayer alone, he can be read both aloud and to himself, but it is better aloud. If he is an imam in prayer, then it is obligatory to read aloud. The words “a‘uuzu bil-lyahi minash-shaytooni rrajiim. Bismil-lyayahi rrahmaani rrahiim" are pronounced to oneself.
Completion. At the end of the prayer, it is desirable to perform "tasbihat".
Tasbihat (praise the Lord)
The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever, after the prayer-prayer, says 33 times “subhaanal-laah”, 33 times “al-hamdu lil-layah” and 33 times “Allahu akbar”, which will be the number 99, equal to the number of names of the Lord, and after that he will add to one hundred, saying: “Laya ilyayahe illa llaahu wahdahu la shariikya lah, lyakhul-mulku va lyakhul-hamdu, yuhyi wa yumitu va khuva 'alaya kulli shayin kadiir”, he will be forgiven [small] errors, even if their number is equal to the amount of sea foam.
The performance of "tasbihat" belongs to the category of desirable actions (sunnah).
Tasbihat sequence
1. The ayat “al-Kursi” is read:
Transliteration:
« A‘uuzu bil-lyahi minash-shaitooni rrajiim. Bismil-lyayahi rrahmaani rrahim. Allaahu laya ilyahya illaya huval-hayyul-kayuum, laya ta'huzuhu sinatuv-valaya naum, lahuu maa fis-samaavaati wa maa fil-ard, man hall-lyazii yashfya'u 'indahu illaya bi of them, ya'lamu maa bayna aidiihim wa maa halfahum wa laya yuhiituune bi sheyim-min 'ilmihi illya bi maa shaa', wasi'a kursiyuhu ssamaavaati val-ard, valyaya yauduhu hifzuhumaa wa huval-'aliyul-'azyim».
أَعوُذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّـيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ . بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ .
اَللَّهُ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ الْحَىُّ الْقَيُّومُ لاَ تَـأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَ لاَ نَوْمٌ لَهُ ماَ فِي السَّماَوَاتِ وَ ماَ فِي الأَرْضِ مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِ يَعْلَمُ ماَ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ ماَ خَلْفَهُمْ وَ لاَ يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلاَّ بِماَ شَآءَ وَسِعَ كُرْسِـيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الأَرْضَ وَ لاَ يَؤُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا وَ هُوَ الْعَلِيُّ العَظِيمُ
Translation:
“I seek refuge with Allah from the accursed Satan. In the name of God, whose mercy is eternal and boundless. Allah… There is no god but Him, the Eternally Living, Existing. Neither sleep nor slumber will overtake him. He owns everything in heaven and everything on earth. Who will intercede before Him, except by His will? He knows what was and what will be. No one is able to comprehend even particles from His knowledge, except by His will. Heaven and Earth are encompassed by His Throne , and does not bother Him to care for them. He is the Most High, the Great! .
Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:
« Whoever reads the ayat “al-Kursi” after prayer (prayer), he will be under the protection of the Lord until the next prayer» ;
« The one who reads the ayat "al-Kursi" after the prayer, nothing will prevent [if he suddenly dies unexpectedly] from going to Paradise» .
2. Tasbih.
Then the worshiper, fingering on the folds of his fingers or on the rosary, pronounces 33 times:
"Subhaanal-laah" سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ - "Praise be to Allah";
"Al-hamdu lil-lyah" الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ - "True praise belongs only to Allah";
"Allaahu Akbar" الله أَكْبَرُ “Allah is above everything.”
After that, the following du'a is pronounced:
Transliteration:
« Laya ilyayahe illa llaahu wahdahu laya sharikya lyah, lyahul-mulku wa lyahul-hamd, yuhyi wa yumitu wa khuva ‘alaya kulli shayin kadir, wa ilyayhil-masyr».
لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ
لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ يُحِْي وَ يُمِيتُ
وَ هُوَ عَلىَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ وَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيـرُTranslation:
« There is no god but God alone. He has no partner. All power and praise belongs to Him. He gives life and death. His powers and possibilities are limitless, and to Him the return».
Also, after the morning and evening prayers, it is advisable to say the following seven times:
Transliteration:
« Allahumma ajirni minan-naar».
اَللَّهُمَّ أَجِرْنِي مِنَ النَّارِ
Translation:
« O Allah, take me away from Hell».
After that, the prayer turns to the Almighty in any language, asking Him for all the best in this and the future worlds for himself, loved ones and all believers.
When to do tasbihat
In accordance with the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him), tasbih (tasbihat) can be performed both immediately after the fard, and after the sunna rak'yats performed after the fard rak'yats. There is no direct, reliable and unambiguous narration on this subject, but reliable hadiths describing the actions of the Prophet lead to the following conclusion: “If a person performs sunnah rak'yaats in a mosque, then he performs a tasbihat after them; if it is at home, then “tasbihat” is pronounced after fard rakiats.
Shafi'i theologians placed more emphasis on pronouncing the "tasbihat" immediately after the fard rak'yaats (this is how they observed the separation between the fard and sunna rak'yats mentioned in the hadith from Mu'awiya), and the scientists of the Hanafi madhhab - after the fard ones, if after them the worshiper does not gather immediately to perform rak'yats of the sunnah, and - after the rak'yats of the sunnah, if he performs them immediately after the fard ones (in the desired order, having moved to a different place in the prayer hall and, thereby, observing the separation between the fard and sunna rak'yats mentioned in the hadith), this completes the next obligatory prayer .
At the same time, it is desirable to do as the imam of the mosque does, in which a person performs the next obligatory prayer. This will contribute to the unity and community of the parishioners, and also correspond to the words of the Prophet Muhammad: "The Imam is present so that [the rest] follow him."
Du'a "Kunut" in the morning prayer
Islamic theologians express different opinions regarding the reading of the du'a "Kunut" in the morning prayer.
Theologians of the Shafi'i madhhab and a number of other scholars agree that reading this du'a in the morning prayer is a sunnah (desirable action).
Their main argument is the hadith given in the set of hadiths of Imam al-Hakim that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him) after bowing in the second rak'yat of the morning prayer, raising his hands (as is usually done when reading the prayer-du'a ), turned to God with a prayer: “Allaahumma-hdinaa fii men hedeit, wa 'aafinaa fii men 'aafate, wa tavallyanaa fii men tawallait ...” Imam al-Hakim, citing this hadith, pointed to its authenticity.
Theologians of the Hanafi madhhab and scholars who share their opinion believe that there is no need to read this du‘a during the morning prayer. They argue their opinion by the fact that the above hadith has an insufficient degree of reliability: in the chain of people who transmitted it, 'Abdullah ibn Sa'id al-Maqbari was named, whose words were doubtful by many scholars-muhaddis. The Hanafis also mention the words of Ibn Mas'ud that "The Prophet read the du'a" Kunut "in the morning prayer only for one month, after which he stopped doing it."
Without going into deep canonical details, I note that slight differences in opinion on this issue are not the subject of controversy and disagreement among Islamic theologians, but indicate the difference in the criteria put by authoritative scholars as the basis for the theological analysis of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (God bless him and welcomes). The scholars of the Shafi school in this matter paid more attention to the maximum application of the Sunnah, and the Hanafi theologians paid more attention to the degree of reliability of the cited hadith and the testimonies of the companions. Both approaches are acceptable. We, who respect the authority of great scientists, need to adhere to the opinion of the theologians of the madhhab that we follow in our daily religious practice.
The Shafiites, stipulating the desirability of reading the morning prayer du‘a “Kunut” in the fard, do it in the following sequence.
After the worshiper rises from the waist bow in the second rak'yaat, then the du'a is read before the earthly bow:
Transliteration:
« Allahumma-hdinaa fii-man hedeit, wa 'aafinaa fii-men 'aafait, wa tavallyanaa fii-man tavallayit, wa baariq lanaa fii-maa a'toit, wa kynaa sharra maa kadait, fa innaka takdy wa laya yukdoo 'alaik, wa innehu laya yazillu men vaalayt, valyaya ya'izzu men 'aaadeit, tabaarakte rabbenee va ta'alait, fa lakyal-hamdu 'alaya maa kadait, nastagfirukya wa natuubu ilayik. Wa sally, allahumma ‘alaya sayyidinaa muhammad, an-nabiyil-ummiy, wa ‘alaya eelihi wa sahbihi wa sallim».
اَللَّهُمَّ اهْدِناَ فِيمَنْ هَدَيْتَ . وَ عاَفِناَ فِيمَنْ عاَفَيْتَ .
وَ تَوَلَّناَ فِيمَنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ . وَ باَرِكْ لَناَ فِيماَ أَعْطَيْتَ .
وَ قِناَ شَرَّ ماَ قَضَيْتَ . فَإِنـَّكَ تَقْضِي وَ لاَ يُقْضَى عَلَيْكَ .
وَ إِنـَّهُ لاَ يَذِلُّ مَنْ وَالَيْتَ . وَ لاَ يَعِزُّ مَنْ عاَدَيْتَ .
تَباَرَكْتَ رَبَّناَ وَ تَعاَلَيْتَ . فَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ عَلىَ ماَ قَضَيْتَ . نَسْتـَغـْفِرُكَ وَنَتـُوبُ إِلَيْكَ .
وَ صَلِّ اَللَّهُمَّ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ اَلنَّبِيِّ الأُمِّيِّ وَ عَلىَ آلِهِ وَ صَحْبِهِ وَ سَلِّمْ .Translation:
« Oh Lord! Guide us to the right path among those whom You have directed. Remove us from troubles [misfortunes, illnesses] among those whom You removed from troubles [who gave prosperity, healing]. Enter us among those whose affairs are governed by You, whose protection is in Your charge. Give us blessings [barakat] in all that You have given us. Protect us from the evil that You have ordained. You are the Determiner [Determiner], and no one can decide against You. Verily, the one whom You support will not be despicable. And the one to whom You are hostile will not be strong. Great is Your goodness and good deed, You are above all that does not correspond to You. Praise be to Thee and gratitude for all that is determined by Thee. We ask Your forgiveness and repent before You. Bless, O Lord, and greet the Prophet Muhammad, his family and companions».
When reading this prayer-du‘a, the hands are raised to the level of the chest and the palms are turned to the sky. After reading the du‘a, the prayer, without rubbing his face with his palms, descends to bow to the ground and completes the prayer in the usual manner.
If the morning prayer is performed as part of the jama‘ata community (that is, two or more people participate in it), then the imam reads the Kunut du‘a aloud. Those standing behind him say “amin” during each pause of the imam until the words “fa innakya takdy”. Starting with these words, those standing behind the imam do not say “amin”, but pronounce the rest of the du’a behind him to themselves or pronounce “ashhad” (“ testify»).
Du‘a “Kunut” is also read in the prayer “Vitr” and can be used during any prayer during periods of misfortune and trouble. There is no significant disagreement among theologians regarding the last two positions.
Can the Sunnah of Morning Prayer
be done after fard
This kind of case takes place when a person who went to the mosque to perform the morning prayer, entering it, sees that two fard rak'yats are already being performed. What should he do: immediately join everyone, and make two rak'yats of the sunnah later, or try to have time to perform two rak'yats of the sunnah before the imam and those praying behind him complete the fard prayer with a greeting?
Shafi'i scholars believe that a person can join the worshipers and perform two fard rak'yats with them. At the end of the fard, the latecomer performs two sunnah rak'yats. The ban on prayers after the fard of the morning prayer and until the sun rises to the height of the spear (20-40 minutes), stipulated in the Sunnah of the Prophet, they refer to all additional prayers, except for those that have a canonical justification (the prayer of greeting the mosque, for example, or a restored prayer-duty).
Hanafi theologians consider the ban on prayers at certain intervals, specified in the authentic Sunnah of the Prophet, absolute. Therefore, they say that the one who is late to the mosque for the morning prayer first performs two rak'yats of the Sunnah of the morning prayer, and then joins the performers of the fard. If he does not have time to join the prayers before the imam says a greeting to the right side, then he performs fard on his own.
Both opinions are substantiated by the authentic Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Applicable in accordance with which madhhab the worshiper adheres to.
Noon Prayer (Zuhr)
Time fulfillment - from the moment when the sun passes the zenith, and until the shadow of the object becomes longer than itself. It should be noted that the shadow that the object had at the time the sun was at its zenith is taken as a reference point.
Midday prayer consists of 6 sunna rak'ahs and 4 fard rak'ahs. The order of their performance is as follows: 4 rak'yats of the Sunnah, 4 rak'yats of the fard and 2 rak'yats of the Sunnah.
4 sunnah rak'ahs
Step 2. Niyat(intention): "I intend to perform the four rak'yats of the sunnah of the midday prayer, doing this sincerely for the Almighty."
The sequence of performing the first two rak'yaats of the sunnah of the Zuhr prayer is similar to the order of performing the two rak'yaats of the Fajr prayer in steps 2-9.
Then, after reading “tashahhud” (without saying “salavat”, as during the Fajr prayer), the worshiper performs the third and fourth rak'yaats, which are similar to the first and second rak'yaats. Between the third and fourth "tashahhud" is not read, as it is pronounced after every two rak'yats.
When the worshiper rises from the second prostration of the fourth rak'yaat, he sits down and reads "tashahhud".
After reading it, without changing his position, the worshiper says “salavat”.
The further order corresponds to p.p. 10-13, given in the description of the morning prayer.
This concludes the four rak'yats of the Sunnah.
It should be noted that during the performance of the four rak'yaats of the sunnah of the midday prayer, all prayer formulas are pronounced to oneself.
4 fard rak'ahs
Step 2. Niyat(intention): "I intend to perform four rak'yats of the fard of the midday prayer, doing this sincerely for the Almighty."
The four rak'yats of the fard are performed in strict accordance with the order of performing the four rak'yats of the sunnah described earlier. The only exception is that short surahs or verses after the surah "al-Fatiha" in the third and fourth rak'yats are not read.
2 rak'ahs sunnah
Step 1. Niyat(intention): "I intend to perform two rak'yats of the sunnah of the midday prayer, doing this sincerely for the Almighty."
After that, the worshiper performs everything in the same sequence as it was described when explaining the two rak'yaats of the Sunnah of the morning prayer (Fajr).
At the end of two rak'yaats of the sunnah and thus the entire midday prayer (Zuhr), while continuing to sit, preferably in accordance with the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), perform "tasbihat".
Afternoon Prayer (‘Asr)
Time its commission begins from the moment when the shadow of the object becomes longer than itself. It should be noted that the shadow that was at the time the sun was at its zenith is not taken into account. The time for this prayer ends at sunset.
The afternoon prayer consists of four fard rak'yats.
4 fard rak'ahs
Step 1. Azan.
Step 3. Niyat(intention): "I intend to perform the four rak'yats of the fard of the afternoon prayer, doing this sincerely for the Almighty."
The sequence of performing the four rak'yats of the fard of the 'Asr prayer corresponds to the order of performing the four rak'yats of the fard of the noon prayer (Zuhr).
After the prayer, it is desirable to perform "tasbihat", not forgetting its importance.
Evening Prayer (Maghrib)
Time begins immediately after sunset and ends with the disappearance of the evening dawn. The time interval of this prayer, in comparison with others, is the shortest. Therefore, you should be especially attentive to the timeliness of its implementation.
The evening prayer consists of three fard rak'yats and two sunnah rak'yats.
3 fard rakiats
Step 1. Azan.
Step 2. Iqamat.
Step 3. Niyat(intention): "I intend to perform the three rak'yats of the fard of the evening prayer, doing this sincerely for the Almighty."
The first two rak'yats of the fard of the Maghreb evening prayer are performed in the same way as the two rak'yats of the fard of the morning prayer (Fajr) in p.p. 2–9.
Then, after reading "tashahhud" (without saying "salavat"), the worshiper rises and reads the third rak'yaat similarly to the second. However, the verse or short sura after "al-Fatiha" is not read in it.
When the worshiper rises from the second prostration of the third rak'yaat, he sits down and reads "tashahhud" again.
Then, after reading “tashakhhud”, the prayer, without changing his position, pronounces “salavat”.
The further procedure for performing the prayer corresponds to the order described in p.p. 10-13 morning prayer.
This is where the three fard rak'yats end. It should be noted that in the first two rak'yaats of this prayer, the al-Fatiha sura and the sura read after it are pronounced aloud.
2 rak'ahs sunnah
Step 1. Niyat(intention): "I intend to perform two rak'yats of the sunnah of the evening prayer, doing this sincerely for the sake of the Almighty."
These two rak'yats of the sunnah are read in the same way as the other two rak'yats of the sunnah of any daily prayer.
After the prayer-prayer in the usual manner, it is advisable to perform "tasbihat", not forgetting its importance.
Having completed the prayer, the one who prays can turn to the Almighty in any language, asking Him for all the best in this and the future worlds for himself and all believers.
Night Prayer (‘Isha’)
The time of its fulfillment falls on the period after the disappearance of the evening dawn (at the end of the evening prayer time) and before the dawn (before the beginning of the morning prayer).
The night prayer consists of four fard rak'yats and two sunnah rak'yats.
4 fard rak'ahs
The sequence of performance does not differ from the order of performing the four rak'yats of the fard of the afternoon or afternoon prayers. The exception is the intention and reading in the first two of her rak'yats of the surah "al-Fatiha" and a short surah aloud, as in morning or evening prayers.
2 rak'ahs sunnah
Sunnah rak'yats are performed in the order corresponding to the two sunnah rak'yats in other prayers, with the exception of intention.
At the end of the night prayer, it is advisable to perform "tasbihat".
And do not forget the saying of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him): “Whoever, after prayer, will say 33 times “subhaanal-laah”, 33 times “al-hamdu lil-layah” and 33 times “allahu akbar”, which will be the number 99, equal to the number of the names of the Lord, and after that he will add to one hundred, saying: “Laya ilyayahe illa llaahu wahdahu la shariikya lah, lyahul-mulku wa lyakhul-hamdu, yuhyi wa yumitu wa huva ‘alaya kulli shayin kadiir”, mistakes will be forgiven and errors, even if their number is equal to the amount of sea foam.
According to Hanafi theologians, four Sunnah rak'yaats should be performed in a row in one prayer. They also believe that all four rak'ahs are obligatory sunnah (sunna muakkyada). Shafi'i theologians, on the other hand, argue that two rak'ahs must be performed, since the first two are attributed to the sunnah of muakkyada, and the next two to the additional sunnah (sunnah gair muakkyada). See, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-islami wa adillatuh. T. 2. S.1081, 1083, 1057.
Reading the iqamat before the fard rak'yats of any of the obligatory prayers is desirable (sunnah).
In the case when the prayer is performed collectively, the imam adds to what has been said that he is performing the prayer with the people standing behind him, and they, in turn, must stipulate that they are performing the prayer with the imam.
The time for ‘Asr prayer can also be calculated mathematically by dividing the time interval between the beginning of the noon prayer and sunset into seven parts. The first four of them will be the time of the noon (Zuhr), and the last three will be the time of the afternoon (‘Asr) prayers. This form of calculation is approximate.
Reading adhan and iqamah, for example, at home is only a desirable action. For more details, see a separate article on adhan and iqamah.
Theologians of the Shafi’i madhhab stipulated the desirability (sunnah) of the short form of “salavat” in this place of prayer: “Allaahumma sally ‘alayah muhammad, ‘abdikya wa rasuulik, an-nabiy al-ummiy.”
For more details, see, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-islami wa adillatuh. In 11 vols. T. 2. S. 900.
If a man reads a prayer alone, then he can be read both aloud and to himself, but it is better to read aloud. If the prayer performs the role of an imam, then it is obligatory to read the prayer aloud. At the same time, the words “bismil-lyahi rrahmani rrahim”, read before the surah “al-Fatiha”, are pronounced aloud among the Shafiites, and among the Hanafites - to themselves.
Hadith from Abu Hurairah; St. X. Imam Muslim. See, for example: An-Nawawi Ya. Riyad as-salihin. S. 484, hadith no. 1418.
All about religion and faith - "farz prayer" with a detailed description and photographs.
How to read namaz to women: a prayer for beginners
How should a woman start performing namaz? Before answering this question, it is necessary to understand what prayer is, how to read it, and find out the procedure for performing prayer for women.
Namaz is the most important pillar of the Islamic faith, one of the five concepts that define the very essence of religion. Every Muslim and Muslim woman is obliged to perform namaz, because this is the very worship of the Almighty, a prayer to him and a sign that the believer completely submits to the Lord, surrenders himself to His will.
Prayer purifies the soul of a person, helps to illuminate his heart with the light of goodness and truth, and raises his significance in the eyes of Allah. In fact, prayer is a direct communication of a person with the Lord. Let us recall how the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him!) spoke about prayer: “Namaz is the pillar of religion. Whoever abandons prayer destroys his religion.”
For a Muslim, prayer is a way to purify the soul from sinful thoughts, from the human desire for vices, from the evil accumulated in the soul. Namaz is necessary not only for men, but also for women. Once the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him!) turned to his supporters: “Will dirt remain on your body if you bathe five times in the river that flows in front of your house?” They answered the Prophet: "O Messenger of Allah, no dirt will remain." The Prophet (peace be upon him!) said: “This is an example of the five prayers that a believer performs, and through this Allah washes away his sins, as this water washes away dirt.”
What is the key, even critical for a Muslim, the importance of prayer? The fact is that according to prayer on the Day of Judgment, the Lord will determine the value of a person for Himself, will consider his earthly actions. And Allah makes no distinction between men and women.
It is known that many Muslim women are afraid of the very beginning of prayer, because they do not know how to do it correctly. This in no way can become an obstacle on the way of a woman to fulfill her obligations to the Lord. Not performing prayer, a woman deprives her soul of peace, tranquility, she does not receive generous rewards from Allah. Her family will not be peaceful and prosperous, and she will not be able to raise her children according to the norms of Islam.
Namaz for beginners should be carried out under the control and with the help of experienced Muslims who are ready to help an inexperienced beginner.
How to perform prayer for women?
First of all, you need to find out what salt is, how many obligatory prayers there are and how many rak'ahs they include.
Salat is a prayer, an appeal to Allah, a prayer. Namaz consists of three parts - fard prayer, sunnah prayer, nafl prayer. The most important stage on the path to performing prayer is fard prayer, which is obligatory for every Muslim.
Rakat is usually called the order of performing certain actions during prayer. The morning ard-fajr includes 2 rak'ahs, the midday (az-zuhr) - 4 rak'ahs, the afternoon (al-asr) - 4 rak'ahs, and the evening or al-maghrib - 3 rak'ahs. For night prayer al-isha, 4 rak'ahs are allocated.
The rak'ah includes one hand (as the bow is called in Islam), as well as two soots - the so-called earthly bows. In order to start performing this prayer for beginner women, it is important to memorize the suras and duas used in performing prayer as soon as possible, learn the rak'ahs and the order in which they are performed. You need to know at least 3 Quranic suras, about 5 duas and Surah Fatih. In addition, a woman will have to learn how to perform wudu and ghusl.
A novice woman can be taught to perform namaz by her husband or relatives. You can also use the instructional videos, which are many on the Internet. With the help of the video, a Muslim woman will clearly see the actions during prayer, their sequence, learn the order of reading the dua and suras, learn to keep her hands and body in the correct position. It is worth remembering the words of al-Luknawi: “Many actions of a woman during prayer differ from the actions of men ...” (“As-Siyah”, volume 2, p. 205).
Prayer for beginners from two rak'ahs
The Fajr morning prayer contains only two rak'ahs, so it cannot be called difficult. In addition, such a prayer is used when performing an additional prayer.
The procedure for performing morning prayers for women is common to all Muslims. The main difference between male and female Fajr prayer is the position of the limbs. For the correct performance of this type of prayer, a woman needs not only to pronounce courts and duas in Arabic, but also to understand what meaning is embedded in them. In this article, we will give the procedure for performing prayer with the translation of suras. Of course, if a woman could attract an Arabic teacher to memorize the suras, this would be an ideal option. But, in the absence of such, you can use training programs. The most important point is the correct pronunciation of all words in Arabic. To make it easier for a novice woman, we have translated suras and duas into Russian, although, of course, such a translation cannot fully reflect the pronunciation of words.
Two rak'ahs of fard prayer
- Before performing prayer, a woman must achieve complete ritual purity. For this, ghusl and voodoo are made - this is how two types of ritual ablution are called in Islam.
- The woman's body should be almost completely hidden. Only the hands, feet and face remain open.
- We stand facing the Kaaba.
- We inform Allah with our hearts about what kind of prayer we are going to perform. For example, a woman can read to herself: “I intend for the sake of Allah to perform 2 rak’ahs of today’s morning prayer.”
- Raise both hands so that the fingertips reach shoulder level. The palms should be turned towards the Kaaba. We pronounce the initial takbir: اَللهُ أَكْبَرْ "Allahu Akbar." During Takbir, a woman should look at the place that her head touches when she bows to the ground. We hold our hands at the chest, we place our fingers at shoulder level. Feet should be parallel with a distance of about one palm without a thumb
- Having said Takbir, we fold our hands on our chest. The right hand should lie on the left hand. Men during prayer take themselves by the wrist of their left hand, but a woman does not need to do this.
- After reaching the above-described situation, and also looking at all place Pallas sand grouse (prostration) read dua "San»: سبحانك اللهم وبحمدك, وتبارك اسمك, وتعالى جدك, ولا إله غيرك «Subhanakya Allaahumma bihamdikya Ba Tabarak wa-wa Ta'ala CMYK dzhaddukya va la ilaha gairuk". (Allah! You are above all shortcomings, all praise to You, the presence of Your Name in everything is infinite, Your Majesty is high, and apart from You we do not worship anyone). Let us recall Aisha, who told people the following hadith: “The Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) began the prayer after the introductory takbir with this doxology: “Subhanaka ...”.
- The next stage is reading أَعُوذُ بِاللهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ “Auuzu bil-lyahi mina-shaytaani r-rajim” (I seek refuge with Allah, the stoned from Satan).
- We read بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحيِمِ “Bis-mi Llyayahi-Rrahmani-Rrahim” (In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Merciful).
- Without changing the position of the body, we read the most important Sura Fatiha in prayer:
بِسْمِ اللَّـهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
الْحَمْدُ لِلَّـهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ
إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ
اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ
صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ
غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ
AlhamdulilLakhi Rabbi-l-alamieen! Ar-Rahmani-r-Rahim! Maliki yawvmiddin. Iyyaka na'budu wa iyyaka nasta'in. Ihdi-on-with-Syrat-al-mustaqim. Syrat-al-lyazina an ‘amta ‘alaihim. Gairi-l-magdubi ‘aleihim wa lyaddaaa-liiin.
(Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds! Merciful, Merciful, King on the Day of Judgment. We worship You and ask You to help! erring ones).
- Keeping the position of the body, we read any sura known to us. Surah Al-Kawthar is perfect:
إِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ
فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ
إِنَّ شَانِئَكَ هُوَ الْأَبْتَرُ
"Inna a'tayna kal-kausar. Fasalli li rabbika vanhar. Inna shaniaka huva-l-abtar". (We have given you al-Kawthar (countless blessings, including the river of the same name in Paradise). Therefore, pray for the sake of your Lord and slaughter the victim. Verily, your hater himself will be unknown).
In principle, when praying for beginner women, it is enough to read Surah Fatiha, followed by the transition to the performance of the Hand.
The hand is made as follows: we bend in a bow, leaving the back parallel to the floor. We say "Allah Akbar". It is not necessary for the representatives of the weaker sex to simply lean forward a little, because it is quite difficult to completely align the back and not every woman is capable of this. When performing the Hand, the hands should rest against the kneecaps, but they do not need to be clasped. Leaning in this way, we say:
سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيمِ
"Subhaana Rabiyal Azyym" - (Glory to my Great Lord).
This phrase is pronounced 3 to 7 times. Mandatory condition: the number of utterances must be odd.
- The exit from the “bow” position is also accompanied by the reading of the sura:
سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ
رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الحَمْدُ
"Sami'allahu Estuary Hamidah."
(Allah heard those who praise him).
"Rabbana wa lakal hamd."
(O our Lord, to You alone all praise!)
- Having straightened up, we again carry out Sajda, while saying “Allahu Akbar”. Different parts of the body fall to the floor gradually: first we press the knees to the floor, then the hands, and finally the nose and forehead. It is important that the head should be located at Sazhd directly between the hands, divorced in such a way that the fingers pressed against each other point towards the Kaaba. The elbows should be close to the stomach. We firmly press the calves to the hips, you can not close your eyes. Having reached this position, the Muslim woman says:
سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلَى “Subhana Rabbiial A’laa.” (Praise be to my Lord Supreme).
- We return to a sitting position, while saying “Allahu Akbar”. We occupy a new sitting position: we bend our knees, we place our hands on them. We hold this position until "Subhanallah" is pronounced. Again we say "Allahu Akbar" and take the position of Sajd. In Sajda we say three, five or seven times: "Subhana Rabbiyal A'laa." An important point: the number of repetitions should be the same in both the Soot and the Hand.
- The first rak'ah of prayer ends with a rise to a standing position. Of course, at the same time, we say “Allahu Akbar”: praising the Almighty is obligatory for almost every action during prayer. We keep our hands folded on our chest.
Second rak'ah of fard prayer
- We repeat all the above steps, but from the moment of reading Surah Fatiha. After reading the sura, we use another text, for example, "Ikhlas":
قُلْ هُوَ اللَّـهُ أَحَدٌ
لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ
وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ
“Kul huva llaahu ahad. Allahu samad. Lam yalid wa lam yulad. Wa lam yakullahu kufuvan ahad.” (He is Allah - one, Allah is eternal; He did not give birth and was not born, and not one was equal to Him!) (Sura 112 - “Ikhlas).
An important point: when performing namaz, Muslims are forbidden to read the same suras in different rak'ahs. There is only one exception to this rule - Surah Fatiha, which is an indispensable part of any rak'ah.
- We use the same scheme of actions as during the first rak'ah until the second Saj. Having made a bow, we do not rise, as described above, but sit down. The woman sits to the left, legs pulled up to the outer side of the thighs, directs to the right of herself. It is important that the woman praying should sit on the floor and not on her feet. We place our hands on our knees, pressing our fingers tightly.
- By adopting such a provision, it is necessary to read the most important du'a Tashahud: التحيات المباركات الصلوات الطيبات لله, السلام عليك أيها النبي ورحمة الله وبركاته, السلام علينا وعلى عباد الله الصالحين, أشهد أن لآ إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمدا رسول الله, اللهم صل على محمد وعلى آل محمد كما صليت على إبراهيم وعلى آل إبراهيم, وبارك على محمد وعلى آل محمد كما باركت على إبراهيم وعلى آل إبراهيم, في العالمين, إنك حميد مجيد «Al-tahiyayatu Lillyayahi you-Salavaatu vat-Tayibat Al Salyayamu aleukia Ayuhan-nabiyu wa Rahmat Llaahi va barakayatuh. Assalamu Aleyna wa ala ibaadi Llaahi-salikhin Ashkhadu Allaya ilaha ilallahu wa ashhadu Anna Muhammadan Abduhu wa Rasuulukh ”(Greetings, prayers and all good deeds belong only to Allah Almighty. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, the mercy of Allah and His blessing Peace be upon us, as well as To all the righteous servants of Allah, I testify that there is no god worthy of worship except Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger).
On the words "la illaha" it is necessary to raise the right index finger up. On the words "illa llahu", lower the finger.
- The next part of the prayer is the reading of the dua "Salavat", glorifying the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him!).
“Allaahumma Sally 'Alya Sayidina Muhammadin wa' Alya Eeli Saydidina Muhammad, Kama Sallyite 'Alya Saydidina Ibraahiima Wa' Alya Saydidina Ibraihaim, wa Baarik 'Alya Saydina Eeliya Mohamada, Kyamaa Baahakhmada. sayidinaa ibraahiima fil-'aalamiin, innekya hamidun majiid".
(O Allah! Bless Muhammad and his family, as You blessed Ibrahim and his family. And send blessings to Muhammad and his family, as You sent blessings to Ibrahim and his family in all the worlds. Verily, You are the Praised, Glorified).
- Immediately after the duo to the glory of Muhammad, we read an appeal to God: اللهم إني ظلمت نفسي ظلما كثيرا, ولا يغفر الذنوب إلا أنت, فاغفر لي مغفرة من عندك, وارحمني, إنك أنت الغفور الرحيم «Allahumma Inni zolyamtu nafs zulman kasira wa la yagfiruz zunuuba illa Ant . Fagfirli magfiratam min ‘indik uarhamni innaka Antal Gafuurur Rakhim.” (“O Allah, truly I have been extremely unfair with myself, and only You forgive sins. So forgive me from Your side and have mercy on me! Truly, You are the Most Forgiving, Most Merciful).
- Dua for the glory of Allah is replaced by Salutation. It must be read with the head turned to the right and looking at the right shoulder. We pronounce:
السَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللهِ
"Assalayama 'alaikum wa rahmatu-llaah" (peace and blessings of Allah be upon you).
We turn our heads to the left, look at the left shoulder and say: “Assalayama 'alaikum va rahmatu-Llaah”, which means “Peace be upon you and the blessing of the Almighty.”
This concludes the double prayer.
If desired, the worshiper can expand the prayer by reading “Astaghfirullah” three times at the end of the prayer session, then “Ayatul-Kursi”. In addition, you can say the following taxibs 33 times:
سُبْحَانَ اللهِ - Subhanallah.
اَلْحَمْدُ لِلهِ - Alhamdulillah.
We say "Allahu Akbar" thirty-four times.
After that you need to read:
لاَ اِلَهَ اِلاَّ اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ.لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ
وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
“La ilaha illalah wahdahu la shikalyakh, lyakhul mulku wa lyakhul hamdu wa hua ala kulli shayin kadir.”
The next part of the extended version of the prayer is the reading of the dua from the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him!). You can read any other duas that do not conflict with Shariah. When reading, we hold open palms together in front of the face, slightly tilting them to the upper side.
Two-rakah sunnah and nafl prayers
Sunnah and nafl prayers are usually done during the morning prayer immediately after its fard rakah. In addition, after the fard rakahs of the Zuhr prayer, 2 rakahs of the sunnah and nafl are used.
Also, 2 rakahs of sunnah and nafl are used after fard (Maghrib), fard (Esha) and immediately before Witr prayer.
Sunnah and nafl prayers are almost the same as the double-raked fard prayer. The key difference is the intention, since immediately before the prayer being performed, a Muslim woman needs to read the intention for this particular prayer. If a woman performs Sunnah prayer, then she should also read about him.
Correct reading of three-rakat prayers by a woman
How can a woman correctly read fard prayer, consisting of 3 rak'ahs? Let's figure it out. Such a prayer can only be found in the Maghreb prayer.
Prayer begins with two rak'ahs, similar to those used in the two-rakah prayer. Simplified, the order is as follows:
- Surah Fatiha.
- Brief surah.
- Sadja.
- Second Saja.
- Sura Fatiha (re-reading).
- One of the suras familiar to the woman.
- Hand.
- Sadja.
- Second Saja.
After the second saji of the second rak'ah, the woman needs to sit down and read the Tashahud dua. After reading the dua, a Muslim woman can move on to the third rak'ah.
The third rak'ah includes Surah Fatiha, the hand, the saj and the second saj. Having coped with the second saj, the woman sits down to read the dua. She will recite the following surahs:
Having finished with this part of the prayer, the Muslim woman pronounces a Greeting similar to the Greeting from the two-raked prayer session. Prayer is considered completed.
How to pray Witr
The Witr prayer includes three rak'ahs, and its performance is significantly different from the above. When performing, specific rules are used that are not used in other prayers.
A woman needs to stand facing the Kaaba, pronounce the Intention, then the classic Takbir “Allahu Akbar”. The next stage is the pronunciation of the dua "Sana". When the dua is said, the first rak'ah of Vitra begins.
The first rak'ah includes: sura "Fatiha", a short sura, a hand, a sajda and a second sajja. We stand for the performance of the second rak'ah, which includes "Fatiha", a short sura, hand, saja, second saja. After the second saji, we sit down and read the dua Tashahud. It is important to observe the correct landing. We rise for the third rak'ah.
In the third rak'ah of the Vitra prayer, the Fatiha sura and one of the short suras known to the woman are read. An excellent option would be Surah Falak:
قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ ﴿١﴾ مِن شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ ﴿٢﴾ وَمِن شَرِّ غَاسِقٍ إِذَا وَقَبَ ﴿٣﴾ وَمِن شَرِّ النَّفَّاثَاتِ فِي الْعُقَدِ ﴿٤﴾ وَمِن شَرِّ حَاسِدٍ إِذَا حَسَدَ ﴿٥﴾
“Kul a” uzuu bi-rabbi l-falak. Minn sharri maa halak. Wa minn sharri ‘gaasikyn isaa vakab. Wa min sharri nafazaati fii l-“ukad. Wa minn sharri haasidin isaa hasad."
(Say: "I resort to the protection of the Lord of the dawn from the evil of what He has created, from the evil of darkness when it comes, from the evil of witches who spit on bundles, from the evil of an envious person when he envies.")
Note! When performing prayer Witr for beginners, it is permissible to read the same suras in different rak'ahs.
At the next stage, you should say “Allahu Akbar”, raise your hands as if performing the initial takbir and return them to their original position. We pronounce dua Qunut:
اَللَّهُمَّ اِنَّا نَسْتَعِينُكَ وَ نَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَ نَسْتَهْدِيكَ وَ نُؤْمِنُ بِكَ وَ
نَتُوبُ اِلَيْكَ وَ نَتَوَكَّلُ عَلَيْكَ وَ نُثْنِى عَلَيْكَ الْخَيْرَ كُلَّهُ نَشْكُرُكَ
وَ لآ نَكْفُرُكَ وَ نَخْلَعُ وَ نَتْرُكُ مَنْ يَفْجُرُكَ
اَللَّهُمَّ اِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَ لَكَ نُصَلِّى وَ نَسْجُدُ وَ اِلَيْكَ نَسْعَى وَ نَحْفِدُ
نَرْجُوا رَحْمَتَكَ وَ نَخْشَى عَذَابَكَ اِنَّ عَذَابَكَ بِالْكُفَّارِ مُلْحِقٌ
“Allahumma inna nastainuka wa nastagfiruka wa nastahdika wa nu’minu bika wa natubu ilyayka va netawakkulu aleyke wa nusni aleyku-l-haira kullehu neshkuruka wa laa nakfuruka wa nakhlyau wa netruku mey yafjuruk. Allahumma iyyaka na’budu wa laka nusalli wa nasjudu wa ilyayka nes’a wa nakhfidu narju rahmatika wa nakhsha azabaka inna azabaka bi-l-kuffari mulhik "
(“O Allah! We ask to guide us on the true path, we ask You for forgiveness and repent. We believe in You and rely on You. We praise You in the best way. We thank You and are not unfaithful. We reject and renounce the one who does not obey You. O Allah! We worship You alone, we pray and make prostrations to the ground. We aspire to You and head towards You. We hope for Your Mercy and fear Your punishment. Verily, Your punishment overtakes the disbelievers!")
Dua "Kunut" is a very difficult sura, which a woman will need a lot of time and effort to memorize. In the event that a Muslim woman has not yet managed to cope with this sura, you can use a simpler one:
رَبَّنَا اَتِنَا فِى الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَ فِى اْلآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَ قِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ
"Rabbana atina fi-d-Dunya hasanatan wa fi-l-Ahirati hasanatan va kyna azaban-Nar".
(Our Lord! Give us good things in this and the next life, protect us from the fire of Hell).
If the woman has not yet memorized this dua, you can say “Allahumma-gfirli” three times, which means: “Allah, forgive me!”. Three times is also acceptable: “Ya, Rabbi!” (O my Creator!).
Having said the dua, we say “Allahu Akbar!”, make a hand, soot, another soot and sit down to pronounce the following texts:
Witr concludes with salutations to Allah.
Four-kaat prayer for beginners
Having gained some experience in performing namaz, a woman can proceed to 4 rakah.
Four act prayers include Zuhr, Esha fard and Asr.
Performance
- We become so that the face is turned to the Kaaba.
- We express intent.
- We articulate Takbir "Allahu Akbar!".
- We say the dua "Sana".
- We stand to perform the first rak'ah.
- The first two rak'ahs are read as in a 2-rakah fadr prayer, with the exception that in the second rak'ah it is enough to read "Tashahud" and after the "Fatiha" sura nothing more needs to be read.
- Having completed two rak'ahs, we read the dua Tashahud. Then - "Salavat", Allahumma inni zolyamtu nafsi. Let's do a greeting.
Women need to remember the rules of prayer. The body must be covered, it is impossible to pray during menstruation and after childbirth. The prayers that the Muslim woman missed at this moment do not need to be restored.
The rules for performing prayers for a woman are suitable for both girls and girls. Unlike men, women are encouraged to pray at home. If a Muslim woman is in a mosque, she should stand behind the praying men. It is impossible to stand in the same row with men - such a prayer will not please Allah.
Watch the video from YouTube on our website: prayer for women according to the Hanafi madhhab
Watch online video lesson: how to read namaz for beginner Muslim women
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The History of the Muslim Religion Islam. According to numerous scientific studies, the most ancient religion on our planet is Islam.
Namaz is a key event in the life of a Muslim. Constant connection with Allah is a real happiness for a person. This is the duty of everyone who believes in the Creator. But how to start reading namaz to a novice man?
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Interpretation of 99 names of Allah. The meaning of the names of the Supreme Creator, translation with photos and a table for easy memorization
A Muslim should be grateful and obedient to Allah, worship Him, including through prayer. The most important evidence of faith is the phrase “La ilaha illallah”, which we will discuss in this article.
The Qur'an says that a repentant person is close to Allah. The Almighty loves and accepts people who are aware of their mistakes and delusions. That is why the pronunciation of Astagfirullah is so important. Semantic translation and meaning of the word Astagfirulla
Azan is read 5 times a day immediately after the time of obligatory prayers. Azan is a call for Muslims to perform a collective prayer. Iqamat is an announcement about the beginning of fard prayer.
Have you noticed that many Muslims mainly cite hadiths, and then the Koran? Often the verses are not cited as evidence at all. And most importantly, many of the quoted hadiths are fictitious and contradict the Book of Allah, while the Quran is a categorical argument of the Truth and a unique person!
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(Persian نماز) or salat (Arabic صلاة) is a canonical prayer, one of the five pillars of Islam. The prayers of the first Muslims consisted in the joint loud pronunciation of the formulas of monotheism and the exaltation of Allah. There are no clear instructions for prayers in the Qur'an, although there are many indications of such particulars as the time of prayers, prayer formulas, some movements, etc. The entire order of prayer was formed as an imitation of the prayer postures and movements of the Prophet Muhammad and was fixed by the memory of the first Muslims. The uniformity of prayer was practiced for almost a century and a half and was recorded in writing by the Hanafi jurist Muhammad ash-Shaibani (d. 805).
The words of Iqamat in the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanifa:
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar
Ashhadu alla ilaha illa llah
Ashhadu alla ilaha illa llah
Ashhadu anna Muhammadar rasul Allah
Hayya ala salah
Hayya ala salah
hayya alal fallah
hayya alal fallah
Kad kamati salah
Kad kamati salah
Allahu Akbar
Allahu Akbar
La ilaha illa llah
I rak'at
1. Standing, express your sincere intention (niyat) to commit prayer:
"I intend for the sake of Allah to make a fard* of this morning prayer a".
Important Notes:
* Fard is obligatory in Islam. Failure to perform fard is considered a sin.
In this case, we give a simplified example of making a morning prayer a, in which there are 2 rak'ahs (cycles of body movements).
Remember that every prayer includes a certain number of sunnah (desirable) and fard (obligatory) rak'ats.
Morning - 2 sunnahs, 2 fards
Daily - 4 sunnahs, 4 fards, 2 sunnahs
Afternoon - 4 fards
Evening - 3 fards, 2 sunnas
Night - 4 fards, 2 sunnas
2. Raise both hands, spreading your fingers, palms towards the Qibla, to the level of your ears, touching your earlobes with your thumbs and say takbir iftitah (initial takbir) "Allahu akbar".
Takbir. The gaze is turned to the place of soot (the place that is touched with the head when bowing to the ground). The palms are turned towards the Qibla, the thumbs touch the earlobes. The feet are parallel to each other. There are four fingers between them.
3. Then place the right hand with the palm on the left hand, clasping the little finger and thumb of the right hand around the wrist of the left hand, and lower the hands folded in this way just below the navel and read:
"Sura Fatiha"
"Auzu billahi minashshaitaani r-rajim
Bismillahi r-rahmaani r-rahim
Alhamdi lillahi rabbil 'alamin
Arrahmaani r-rahim
Maaliki Yaumiddin
Iyyakya na´budy va iyyakya nasta´in
Ihdina s-syraatal mystakym
Syraatallyazina an'amta aleihim
Gairil Magdubi Aleihim Valad-doolliin…"
Aamin! .. (Pronounced silently)
But for you, as a beginner who performs his first prayers in his life, you can limit yourself to reading Surah Fatiha.
Qiyam. The gaze is turned to the place of soot. Hands are folded on the stomach, just below the navel. The thumb and little finger of the right hand clasp the wrists of the left hand. The feet are parallel to each other. There are four fingers between them.
4. Lowering your hands, say: "Allahu Akbar" and make a hand "(bow from the waist).
Hand". The gaze is turned to the tips of the toes. The head and back are at the same level, parallel to the surface of the place of prayer. The legs are straightened. The fingers are spread apart and wrap around the knees.
5. After the arm, straighten the body to a vertical position.
6. After straightening, with the words "Allahu Akbar", perform soot. When performing soot, you must first kneel down, then lean on both hands and, only after that, touch the place of soot with your forehead and nose.
Sazhda. Head - between the hands. Forehead and nose touch the floor. Fingers and toes should point in the direction of the Qibla. The elbows do not touch the carpet and are moved away from the body. The belly does not touch the hips. The heels are closed.
7. After that, with the words "Allahu Akbar", rise from soot to a sitting position.
8. After sustaining a pause in this position, sufficient for the pronunciation of "Subhanallah", with the words "Allahu Akbar" again sink into soot.
Soot. The head is between the arms. Forehead and nose touch the floor. Fingers and toes should point in the direction of the Qibla. The elbows do not touch the carpet and are moved away from the body. The belly does not touch the hips. The heels are closed.
9. Then, with the words "Allahu Akbar", stand up to perform the second cancer "ata. Hands close in the same place.
II rak'at
First, as in the first rak'at, read the Fatiha surah, an additional surah, for example, Ikhlas (although for beginners, you can limit yourself to reading the Fatiha surah - see above), do a hand (upper bow) and soot.
10. After the second soot of the second rak'at, sit on your feet and read the prayer (du'a) "Attahiyat":
"Attahiyaty lillaahi vassalavaty vatayibyatu
Assalamu aleyke ayuhannabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa baraka'atyh
Assalamu aleyna wa 'ala 'ibidillahi s-salihiin
Ashhady alla illaha illallah
Wa ashhady anna Muhammadan ´abduhu wa rasylyukh"
Attention! During the pronunciation of the words "la illaha", the index finger of the right hand rises, and on "illa llahu" it falls.
Ka´da (sitting). The gaze is on the knees. Hands lie on your knees, fingers - in a free position. Both legs are slightly shifted to the right. You should not sit on your left foot, but on the floor.
11. Say the greeting: "Assalamu" alaikum wa rahmatullah "with the head turned first towards the right shoulder, and then towards the left
Salam (greeting) to the right side. Hands on knees, fingers in a free position. The foot of the right foot is placed on the carpet at a right angle, the fingers are directed towards the Qibla. The head is turned to the right, looking at the shoulder.
Question:
Why, after performing Fard Prayer, do people change places with each other to perform Sunnat Prayer?
Answer:
The performance of sunnat prayers (ratibats) after midday, evening or night prayers is an imperative sunnah (sunnah muakkada). If the ratibats, which are desirable to be performed before the obligatory prayers, for some reason were not performed on time (before the fard prayer), then they can be performed after, if the time for this prayer has not yet passed, and then this ratibat is considered not to be reimbursed, but done on time. In this case, the intention indicates that this is a ratibat performed before farz prayer.
It is better to make ratibats at home, because they, perfect at home, are more valuable. However, people who come to the mosque for jamaat prayer most often do not return home immediately, and those who do return may, for some reason, miss performing ratibats at home. Therefore, in such cases, it is preferable to perform them in the mosque.
As for the fact that after performing farz prayer, people change places with each other to perform sunnat prayer, this is a desirable action.
Ibn Hajar Al-Haytami writes the following about it: It is advisable to separate the ratibats that are performed before or after farz prayers, from fard prayers, by talking (preferably, this is the remembrance of Allah) or moving from the place where the person performed the prayer to another place, for the Prophet (peace Allah bless him) warned against binding them (from performing ratibats and fard prayers one after another in a row, without interruption), without observing what was indicated above. And between ratibat and morning prayers, it is best to lie down on your right side and thereby separate them". ("Minhaj al-kawim")
Another reason why it is desirable to change the place of prayer after the completion of the aforementioned prayers is that on the Day of Judgment, every place where a person prayed will testify in favor of that person. Also, when a believer dies, the places where he performed worship will weep for him. Therefore, the more such places, the better.
Imam Ar-Ramali said the following about it:
« It is advisable for a person who performs prayer to move to perform sunnat prayer or fard prayer from the place where he performed fard prayer or sunnat prayer , to another place, thereby increasing the places for bowing to the ground (prayer). Indeed, these places will testify to his prayer in his favor on the Day of Judgment. Also in this is the coverage of the largest area on which the worship of Allah Almighty is performed.". ("Nihayat al-muhtaj")
It was narrated from As-Saib ibn Yazid that once Mu'aiyyah (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him:
إِذَا صَلَّيْتَ الْجُمُعَةَ فَلَا تَصِلْهَا بِصَلَاةٍ حَتَّى تَكَلَّمَ أَوْ تَخْرُجَ ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ ، أَنْ لَا تُوصَلَ صَلَاةٌ بِصَلَاةٍ حَتَّى نَتَكَلَّمَ أَوْ نَخْرُجَ
« If you have performed Friday prayer, then do not combine it with another prayer until you have spoken or left this place. Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) commanded us not to combine one prayer with another until we speak or move away from this place ". (Muslim)
Imam An-Nawawi Commenting on this hadeeth, he writes: In this hadith there is an argument for what the great scholars of our madhhab said: in order to perform ratibat prayer and other prayers, it is advisable to move from the place where the person performed the fard prayer to another place. It would be best to go home for this (performing sunnat prayers), and if it is not possible to go home, then it is advisable to move to another place inside the mosque or somewhere else in order to increase the places for performing sujuds (prostrations) and separate the sunnat - prayer from farz prayer. And his words “until we talk” indicate that a conversation is enough to separate these prayers, but in any case it is preferable to change the place of prayer to another. ("Sharh Sahih Muslim")
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:
أيعجز أحدكم إذا صلى أن يتقدم أو يتأخر أو عن يمينه أو عن شماله
« Will any of you be able to move forward or backward, right or left after performing the prayer? ". (Imam Ahmad, Abu Dawood, Ibn Maja)
Al-Bayhaqi says in another version (riwayah) of this hadeeth:
إذا أراد أحدكم أن يتطوع بعد الفريضة فليتقدم
« When one of you wants to perform sunnat prayer after fard, let him move forward ... ". (Baihaks)
Another reason why people who have completed the collective prayer in the mosque should change their place is so that those who did not have time to join the jamaat do not get the impression that the collective prayer is still ongoing.
Based on these and other hadiths and all of the above, it is advisable to change the place of prayer after the completion of each prayer, regardless of whether this prayer is fard or sunnat, and the person who performed this prayer is an imam, ma'mum or an individual person performing prayer (munfarid).
