Introduction of professional standards in education. Professional standards: what level of education is enough to continue working? The methodological basis for the development of professional standards is

Due to the fact that the management of educational organizations should be carried out by employees who have certain knowledge, have the appropriate education and work experience, it was developed at the federal level certain standard.

Currently, the provisions of this standard are mandatory to compliance not only by state educational organizations, but also by private ones.

Standards for educational leaders have begun to be adopted in Russia since 2013.

Initially, such documents were purely advisory in nature and their main function was to determine the criteria for selecting employees for management positions, as well as identifying their compliance.

Currently, the adopted and current standard, by its presence, decides next questions:

1. Determining possible categories of employees who may be considered as applicants for management positions.
2. Identifying educational institutions managed by employees who do not meet the accepted standard, and taking measures to eliminate this deficiency.
3. Determination of the main functions that an employee occupying a similar position must perform.
4. Improving the work of all educational institutions existing within the Russian Federation.
5. Contributing to the development of Russian education.
6. Improving controllability in all existing educational institutions, from preschool to higher education.
7. Increasing the rating of education in the Russian Federation by improving the process of training specialists.

Regulatory framework for 2018

According to the current legislative acts, the regulatory framework, which is the basis for the development and establishment of standards for heads of educational organizations, is Labor Code of the Russian Federation. In particular, it is worth noting such basic formulations:

1. It is permissible to apply national standards to employees holding leadership positions in individual areas and organizations.
2. The requirements and functions for each position reflected in the adopted standards should not contradict the requirements reflected in the qualification reference books.
3. If there are certain restrictions in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation for the performance of labor duties in management positions, the developed standards cannot contain data on their assumption.
4. If additional questions or ambiguities arise regarding the content of professional standards related to management positions, you must be guided by the data in the qualification reference books.

The professional standard at the national level, which defines the basic requirements for a manager, has following content:

1. General data and information. This part reflects the name of the type of activity and the main purpose of management in this area. The code classification of positions according to OKZ and OKVED codes is also given.
2. Section called "Functional map". This reflects the general concepts of the main tasks performed by the manager, which are deciphered and reflected in more detail later in the text of the document.
3. Detailed characteristics of each function. In this part, each of the previously reflected tasks facing the manager and the functions he performs is disclosed separately.
4. Data on organizations that participated in the development of the professional standard before it was adopted by order of the Ministry of Labor.

Requirements for a manager and his legal status

The basic requirements that a manager must meet are: following:

1. Have a higher education.
2. Complete professional training according to the approved schedule.
3. Provide additional training according to federally approved professional training programs. The frequency of such actions is set to the minimum possible once every three years (at least).
4. When managing a higher educational institution, have a certain academic degree and title.
5. Have no restrictions on the right to engage in teaching activities.
6. Have prior experience in positions related to teaching or management.

General information about the position

Depending on the organization in which the manager will perform his duties, the requirements for employees may slightly different. In particular, we highlight separately various categories of institutions:

• preschool education (kindergartens);
• primary, secondary and basic general, general secondary (schools);
• professional;
• Bachelor's and specialist's degrees;
• master's degree;
• training of highly qualified specialists;
• training prof. character;
• additional for citizens of any age.

The regulations on the professional standard also indicate the possible names of positions that managers can hold:

• rector;
• director;
• manager;
• boss.

Standard includes detailed description functions performed, which are prescribed to the manager depending on the particular institution in which he carries out his work activities. In general, the functions are reduced to the implementation by the general management of ensuring the development of the institution.

Also, the manager is vested with the authority to hire and fire, and has the right to sign and approve all internal documents and orders.

Also, the functions that are required from the head of the organization are:

1. Carrying out direct management of the organization.
2. Taking measures within one’s competence to ensure the development of an educational institution.
3. Management of resources that are part of the institution.
4. Representation of the interests of a specific institution, the head of which is an employee.
5. If necessary, resolving issues with government officials, as well as institutions outside the Russian Federation, if we are talking about international cooperation.
6. Carrying out functions to ensure the conduct of scientific research, with the exception of schools and kindergartens.

Consequences of non-compliance

Due to the fact that the adopted and currently valid standard is mandatory, it should be noted consequences, which may occur due to the non-compliance of an employee holding a managerial position with the standards and requirements reflected in the document:

1. The Labor Code does not provide for the presence of non-compliance with the standard for their consideration as grounds for termination of the concluded employment contract.
2. If the head of an institution does not have a sufficient level of qualifications acceptable for a particular organization, he may be dismissed. In order to keep a working manager in a position, it is possible to undergo a certain certification.
3. If there are factors that indicate that the manager is not suitable for the position held, the employee may be offered a transfer to another position.

A master class within the framework of this professional standard is presented below.

The working qualifications of employees must meet strictly defined requirements - professional standards. While receiving education, the future professional must acquire a set of certain competencies, the combination of which forms the mentioned standard. Exactly the same, ideally, should be required from a specialist when applying for employment.

Why is the concept of “professional standards” needed in the modern regulatory framework? How to apply them in practice? Who will need them first? Let's try to look at this legislative innovation, which came into force in the summer of 2016.

How did you live without professional standards before?

TC operates with the term “ qualification"(Article 195), meaning by it the specific level of labor skills, special knowledge, and work experience required for a particular position. When a person was hired for a “position according to his qualifications,” this meant that he must meet the qualification characteristics of this position given in the Unified Qualification Directory (USC).

This document today is almost hopelessly outdated: many of the positions listed in it simply no longer exist, while many modern professions are not mentioned at all. “Modernizing” unified qualification reference books would be too time-consuming and impractical. A new level of eliminating this problem was needed.

It was decided to replace this regulatory framework with a more convenient and universal tool for determining the minimum qualifications - professional standards.

Professional standards and other related concepts

It is right to assert that professional standards are qualification characteristics brought into greater compliance with the demands of our time. Legislators, approving the procedure for the development and application of professional standards (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 of February 22, 2013), used modernized combinations of claims to professions, having previously honed them in detail in specialized circles.

Professional standard in relation to qualification requirement is more realistic, closer to labor reality.

IMPORTANT! The definitions of “qualification” and “professional standard” are not identical: Art. 195 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation in paragraph 1 specifies that the professional standard is a characteristic of qualifications. The concept of “professional standard” was introduced into the Labor Code only in 2012.

A related term given in the Labor Code and other regulatory documents is “ labor function" Art. 57 of the Labor Code obliges the employer to indicate it in the text of the employment contract, that is, to clarify the work that the employee will have to perform within the framework of his position, which does not contradict his qualifications. Now, for this purpose, you can use the approximate definitions of positions listed in section III of the required professional standard. But then the employee must meet the set of requirements given to them.

ATTENTION! A professional standard does not define positions or even professions, but an area of ​​activity, which is why it is more universal. For example, the “Accountant” standard provides for the same job title, and the head of the human resources department can be found in the “HR Specialist” professional standard.

Key areas of professional standards

In what specific aspects of the employment relationship should professional standards apply? The legislative framework provides for three main areas of their application.

1. Work with personnel at the enterprise:
   • personnel policy;
   • job descriptions and their changes;
   • employee pricing;
   • certification;
   • organization of professional development, etc.
2. The connection between education and professional activity. They plan to develop educational programs taking into account professional standards, that is, the future employee will master a set of necessary and sufficient professional characteristics. Situations where a graduate in a certain specialty has one set of competencies, but the employer needs a completely different one, are unacceptable.
3. Reflection of real professional experience. When developing assessment strategies for obtaining a certificate or diploma of a particular level, not educational successes, as before, will be taken into account, but the current requirements for the profession, reflected in the standards.

Where can I meet them?

The Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation adopted approximately 8 hundred of the 1000 planned professional standards. The immediate plans (no later than in two years) include the adoption of 2 thousand names of standards.

Initially, they were going to start introducing them into practice from the public sector. It was assumed that commercial organizations would set themselves a set of requirements for their employees. However, this idea is considered unproductive. Federal Law No. 122 clearly states that professional standards apply to all labor spheres and enterprises of all forms of ownership:

• government agencies;
• budgetary organizations;
• commercial structures;
• non-profit associations;

As we implement materials about professional standards, we will post them here. Follow the links at the bottom of this page.

Who shouldn't evade professional standards?

Since July 1, 2016, the use of standards has been declared an indispensable condition for all entrepreneurs, as required by the Labor Code or other documents. That is, when hiring an employee for whose field of activity the professional standard has already been approved, the employer must certainly use it, and not the qualification reference book. If the required standard for a given profession has not yet been adopted, you can still use the qualification directory.

When the positions in the EKS and in the professional standard are the same, preference should be given to the professional standard as a more modern option.

What specific requirements for an employee (according to standards or according to the Unified Social Standard) the employer will be guided by must be specified in its local legal acts.

NOTE! If the type of professional activity provides for certain benefits (for example, early retirement, payment of compensation for harm, etc.) or restrictions, then such a position must be named in strict accordance with the professional standard or EKS, if such a standard does not yet exist.

How to start applying professional standards?

1. Open the list of professional standards published on the official website of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation.
2. Write down the names of positions from your staffing table.
3. Find the standard that matches each job on your list. To do this, you need to look at whether the competencies specified in the standard correspond to your requirements for a particular position. So, for IT specialists there are about 27 professional standards, and you need to study which of them your IT specialist will correspond to.
4. Compare HR documents with approximate job titles from the text of the professional standard. If this position does not have benefits, compensation or restrictions, it is not necessary to name it according to the standard.
5. If the standard you need is not yet in the registry, ask when it will be adopted; you may have to switch to it soon anyway.
6. If your employee’s qualifications do not meet the professional standard, you as an employer can choose one of the following options:
   • dismiss an employee based on the results of certification;
   • organize his vocational training.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION! An employee’s non-compliance with the professional standard is a violation of the Labor Code, which provides for the responsibility of the employer: a cake maker cannot “make boots.”

Possible sanctions from the labor inspectorate

Employers were informed of the need to switch to the requirements of professional standards a year before Federal Law No. 122 came into force. Thus, the Ministry of Labor theoretically assumes that all entrepreneurs in the country are actively involved in the implementation of professional standards. If this is not the case, so much the worse for them.

From July 1, 2016, the labor inspectorate has the right to check compliance with the law in this area, and if the Labor Code contains any requirements for the qualifications of employees, then professional standards must be applied according to them without exception. Administrative liability can range from 30 to 100 thousand rubles.

Immediate plans

As planned by legislators, independent centers will soon open that evaluate qualifications according to professional standards. By assessing your level as a professional and receiving a certificate that meets a certain professional standard, you can significantly improve your position in the labor market. And the employer can send its employees to such centers instead of internal certifications.

In 2013, a professional teacher standard was developed, which, according to Federal Law No. 122, adopted in May 2015, is mandatory for use from January 1, 2017. Let's figure out what it is and why it is needed.

Raising and teaching children- a real art, which every teacher is obliged to master to one degree or another. However, at the present stage of life, a teacher is, first of all, a profession that, according to recent trends, must meet certain standards designed to replace outdated job descriptions and other documents regulating the professional activities of teachers.

That is why, back in 2013, a specially created working group chaired by Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Yamburg developed a professional teacher standard, covering, among other things, such issues as the reform of the system of advanced training for teachers, the modernization of the teacher education system and changes in the teacher certification system.

According to Federal Law No. 122, adopted in May 2015, this standard is mandatory for use from January 1, 2017. Let's figure out what it is and why it is needed.

Professional standard for a teacher - what is the point?

Professional standard of a teacher is a document that takes into account all the requirements for the personality and professional competence of teachers. Now the qualification level of a teacher will be assigned in accordance with this regulatory act. It should also be taken into account when hiring a teacher and when drawing up his job description.

The document for teachers describes in detail all the knowledge and skills that they must have, and also specifies labor actions depending on the focus of the work (preschool teacher, primary school teacher, subject teacher, etc.).

It is expected that thanks to the introduction of the professional standard, the basis of the Russian education system will be made up of real professionals who can work with a wide variety of categories of children (gifted, disabled, orphans, migrants, etc.) and effectively interact with other specialists (defectologists, psychologists, social educators and etc.).

Reasons for introducing the professional standard

Qualification reference books along with job descriptions are no longer effective in today’s realities - this is what the Ministry of Labor thought and began to develop a modern teacher's professional standard. Why did they pay attention to this? The fact is that in the Labor Code such concepts as “qualification” and “professional standard” appeared, which gradually began to be applied to various professions, and the pedagogical profession could not remain aloof.

Preparation for the introduction of professional standards

As mentioned above, the development of the document began back in 2013, and it was planned that everything would be finalized and tested (checked for suitability) before January 1, 2015. However, its introduction had to be postponed by 2 years due to great difficulties in development.

During this period, the document was finalized, and the standards themselves were tested on the basis of several dozen educational institutions. The results were generally positive:

• the level of student preparation has increased;
• working conditions for teachers have improved;
• Parents appreciated the changes well.

And as a result, in 2017, it was decided to begin the widespread implementation of the new professional standard for teachers.

Structure and content of the professional standard

The document is structured according to the principle of division labor functions of a teacher, starting from preschool teachers and ending with mid-level teachers. The focus is on the three most important areas in which all educators must be competent:

• education;
• upbringing;
• development.

The description of each function includes three blocks: “Labor actions”, “Required skills” and “Required knowledge”. Further, the functions of teachers are divided depending on the focus of their work:

• Activities of preschool teachers.
• Activities of primary education teachers.
• Activities of teachers of basic and secondary education.
• Module "Subject learning. Mathematics".
• Module "Subject learning. Russian language".

Exactly the same in every form pedagogical activity the labor actions, knowledge and skills of the teacher are specified.

Having studied all the requirements, we can come to the conclusion that a modern teacher must be universally educated, erudite and progressive. The emphasis is also placed on the ability to find an approach to each child, respect his personality and correctly assess his abilities.

How will the transition to new standards take place?

At the moment, there is no uniform plan for transition to the new standard for all institutions. Obviously, the management of each educational organization will, at its own discretion, include certain measures for implementation pedagogical professional standard in an educational institution. However, in any case, a commission will have to be responsible for the introduction of professional standards, which will roughly be required to do the following:

• Compare the positions held in a particular institution with the names that are prescribed in the standard.
• Check employment contracts and, if necessary, make adjustments in accordance with professional standards.
• Inspect educational institution employees for compliance with professional standards, according to their positions.
• Provide management with a final report of the audit.

True, it is not yet entirely clear what to do with teachers who do not meet the professional standard. If such an employee was initially hired in accordance with labor legislation, successfully passed certification and generally does a good job, then it is not advisable to fire him, even taking into account partial non-compliance with the emerging standards.

Will professional standards affect teachers' salaries?

About promotion salaries for teachers, which confirmed compliance with the professional standard, government officials said back in 2013, but there were no official statements. So all we can do is wait and hope...

Problems of implementing a professional standard

While many teachers find it difficult to fulfill all the requirements of the professional standard. In particular, they say that it is problematic to do this today due to:

• insufficient material and technical base of educational organizations,
• poorly developed accessible environment for all students (ramps, entrances to buildings, etc.),
• There is too much workload on one teacher to count on an individual approach to each student.

However, even if today not every teacher can boast of full compliance with all the criteria of the professional standard, it should be considered as a guideline in their pedagogical activity and gradually improve in order to better approach the training and education of the younger generation.

Since the summer of 2016, we have entered a new era when professional standards in education, as in other areas, have become mandatory. The procedure for their implementation in an organization is certainly a difficult and time-consuming process.

If commercial companies may not always refer to standards, then for the education sector they are mandatory. What types of vocational education standards are there and what is the procedure for introducing professional standards of secondary vocational education, now let’s figure it out.

Plan for the implementation of professional standards in education

The first step is to create a working commission to implement standards. As a rule, the working group includes representatives of personnel services, lawyers, as well as those specialists who will directly work with the standards. The head of the institution is appointed as the chairman of such a group. An order is issued to create a working group. It is drawn up in free form on the institution’s letterhead. It specifies the composition of the group (commission), the goals and objectives of implementing the professional standard, the deadline for completing all procedures and the result that we want to get at the end. After signing by the manager, the order must be familiarized with the members of the commission against signature and the order must be transferred for storage.

It would also be useful to develop regulations on the work of the commission. It must describe the purposes for which it was created, the tasks that will need to be solved, its rights and responsibilities. As well as the order of meetings and their frequency. The provision must also be put into effect by order of the head of the organization. All meetings of the working group must be documented in minutes, and all decisions made must be documented in an act.

The next step is that the commission approves an action plan for the implementation of standards, as well as a register of professional education standards that will be applied specifically in this institution. Even at the planning stage, it is worth deciding on an exhaustive list of standards required in the process of activity. You should not implement those that you do not need at the moment and will not need in the near future. Thus, the list of standards for vocational and technical education will differ significantly from such a list in a general education institution or, even more so, in a kindergarten.

In the process of compiling the list, it is necessary to correlate the names of professions in the staffing table with the existing professional standards. A difference in names may be regarded as a violation of labor laws and may result in the imposition of penalties. Moreover, a fine will be issued for each incorrectly drawn up contract separately. Thus, with a significant number of personnel, fines can reach astronomical amounts.

Maintaining the identity of job titles will guarantee that the employee will not encounter any obstacles when applying for a pension. If the labor code or other legislative acts provide benefits (compensations) for certain professions, then this position must exactly comply with the professional standard. Otherwise, the benefits will not apply. Therefore, in the process of adopting a list of professional standards in education, it is very important to compare the names adopted in the institution and the one that the professional standard allows. Moreover, first of all, you should rely on the content of the standard, and then on the name.

If discrepancies arise, of course they need to be eliminated. The most accessible option is to introduce a position with the “correct” name into the staffing table and transfer the employee to the newly introduced position. And then the “old” position will be excluded from the regular position.

The basic requirements imposed by professional standards are, of course, not requirements for the job title. The main point is the worker's skill level. All employees whose activities fall under the scope of the professional standard will have to “pull up” their knowledge to the required established level.

After agreeing on the list, it is necessary to determine the categories of teaching staff for which professional training (retraining) is necessary. These categories of workers are sent for training to state-licensed institutions with which the organization has a training agreement.

After the procedures have been completed, there is often a need to make changes or additions to personnel documents. Job descriptions undergo the most changes. These documents are not mandatory, but as a rule, any company has them. And if there is a document, then it needs to be brought into line with new realities. Often this is the only document that reflects the requirements for a candidate for a position, and also describes what specific tasks the employee must perform during the work process. It is worth noting that the professional standard is only the basis for the development of your internal regulations and it indicates the required minimum for the profession. From this we can conclude that the company has the right to establish more stringent requirements for the profession.

Changes to job descriptions (JIs) will have to be made in the manner in which they were issued. If DI is an independent act, then this is the simplest option. We release a new edition and approve it. The situation is more complicated if the DI is an annex to the employment contract. Then it will be necessary to issue additional agreements to employment contracts (for each employee separately). This method significantly increases the amount of work. In any case, the changed DI will need to be familiarized with signature to all employees affected by such changes.

The lists of professional standards are supplemented with new professions over time, and the company needs to periodically check whether new standards have been released.

List of professional standards in education

The register of professional education standards in 2016 includes 4 positions:

• Teacher;
• Educational psychologist;
• Teacher of additional education for children and adults;
• Teacher of vocational training, vocational education and additional vocational education.

If in 2016 in the field of education only the testing of professional standards took place in a number of pilot regions, then from January 1, 2017 they will become mandatory for use for all educational institutions. The employer will have to be guided by them not only when developing DI and employment contracts, but also when choosing a remuneration system.

The most widely used will be the professional standard of a teacher. It includes the work not only of secondary school teachers, but also of kindergarten teachers. The professional standard of a teacher allows a citizen to work only if he has a higher or secondary specialized education in the educational field or in the field of teaching. If education does not meet these requirements, then it is necessary to undergo additional education in the field in which work activity is planned.

In addition, restrictions have been established on the admission of teaching activities. Thus, a person who has previously been deprived of the right to engage in such activities, persons who have previously been convicted, suffer from certain diseases or are incompetent cannot work as a teacher or educator. But the professional standard for teachers does not impose requirements for experience. Therefore, graduates, immediately after receiving their diploma, can immediately plunge into the teaching process.

The list of approved professional standards in education is of course not exhaustive. At the moment there is an active process of its development and addition.

Professional standards in our country are developed in accordance with clause 1 of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7. 2012 No. 597 “On measures to implement state social policy”, according to which by 2015 at least 800 professional standards should be developed and approved. Currently, the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation has approved 14 professional standards, incl. in such professions as teacher, specialist in medical and social examination, welder, specialist in working with families, etc. And in total in 2013 there should be more than 300 of them.

What is a professional standard

In December 2012, changes were made to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation: Chapter 31 was supplemented with Article 195.1. The concept of employee qualifications, professional standards, according to which:

Professional standard– this is a characteristic of the qualifications necessary for an employee to carry out a certain type of professional activity, and

Employee qualification- this is the level of knowledge, skills, professional skills and experience of the employee.

The procedure for the development, approval and application of professional standards is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Why are professional standards needed?

Professional standards apply:

• employers— in the formation of personnel policies and in personnel management, in organizing training and certification of employees, developing job descriptions, tariffication of work, assigning tariff categories to employees and establishing wage systems, taking into account the peculiarities of the organization of production, labor and management;
• educational organizations of vocational education— in the development of professional educational programs;
• in the development of federal state educational standards for vocational education.

The professional standard for a teacher is designed to:

• determine the required qualifications of the teacher;
• provide the necessary training for teachers to obtain high results from their work;
• ensure the necessary awareness of the teacher about the requirements placed on him;
• promote the involvement of teachers in solving the problem of improving the quality of education.

Structure of the teacher’s professional standard

The professional standard of a teacher was developed on the basis of the “Layout of a Professional Standard”, so when you get acquainted with it, its form may seem unusual to educators.

The professional standard of a teacher contains a description of the labor functions of teachers - teachers, educators, including mathematics teachers (module “Subject teaching. Mathematics”) and Russian language teachers (module “Subject teaching. Russian language”), and consists of 4 sections:

I.. General information.

II. Description of labor functions included in the professional standard (functional map of the type of professional activity).

III. Characteristics of generalized labor functions.

IV. Information about the organizations that developed the professional standard.

Contents of the teacher’s professional standard reflects:

• education;
• educational work;
• development (personal qualities and professional competencies necessary for a teacher to carry out developmental activities);
• professional competencies of a teacher, reflecting the specifics of work in an elementary school;
• professional competencies of a preschool teacher (educator), reflecting the specifics of work at the preschool level of education;
• professional competencies of a teacher, reflecting the specifics of a teacher’s work in primary and secondary schools;
• professional competencies of a teacher, reflecting the specifics of the work of a Russian language teacher;
• professional competencies of a teacher, reflecting the specifics of the work of a mathematics teacher.

The description of generalized labor functions includes the name of the function, skill level, possible job titles, requirements for education, training and practical work experience, as well as special conditions for admission to work. Generalized labor functions are divided into individual labor functions.

The characteristics of specific labor functions contain a description of labor actions, necessary skills and knowledge, etc.

The developer of the teacher’s professional standard is the State Budgetary Educational Institution of the City of Moscow Education Center N 109, and the responsible developer organization is the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education of the City of Moscow “Moscow City Psychological and Pedagogical University”.

This professional standard for a teacher is mandatory for use by educational organizations, organizations carrying out educational activities to provide educational services in basic general education programs in the field of preschool and primary general education, basic general and secondary general education.

In the future, it is planned to expand the scope of application of the professional standard for teachers by introducing specialties: teacher of additional education, teacher of the vocational education system, educational psychologist, special teacher (defectologist), tutor, etc.

Reference

The teacher’s professional standard uses the following abbreviations:

OKZ– All-Russian classifier of occupations.

EKS– Unified qualification directory, approved by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated August 26, 2010 N 761n “On approval of the Unified qualification directory of positions of managers, specialists and employees, section “Qualification characteristics of positions of education workers” (registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on October 6, 2010 N 18638 ).

OKVED— All-Russian classifier of types of economic activity.

OKSO— All-Russian classifier of specialties by education.

And also the concepts:

competence– ability to apply knowledge, skills and experience in work activities;

labor function– an integral part of the type of labor activity, which is an integrated and relatively autonomous set of labor actions determined by the technological process and presupposing the presence of the necessary knowledge and skills (competencies) to perform them;

working conditions— a set of factors in the production environment and technological process that influence the performance and health of the employee.