Scheme of regular verbs in Spanish. Spanish conjugations. Some spelling changes

Spanish lessons for beginners.

Lesson 8

This lesson covers the following grammar topics:

• present tense of regular verbs;
• Irregular Verbs;
• verbs with a changing stem;
• estar + gerund;
• llevar + gerund;
• desde hace.

EXAMPLES

Hoy hace viento/frio. — It is windy/cold today.

Fernando está cansado/enfermo. Fernando is tired/sick.

Alguien viene/llama. Someone is coming/calling.

Mi hija duerme/está durmiendo. — My daughter is sleeping.

Trabajo./Estoy trabajando. - I work.

Es muy fácil/demasiado caro. - It's very easy / too expensive.

No me gusta/importa. - I don't like / don't care.

¿Como estas? - How are you?

¿Oyes ese ruido? Do you hear this noise?

¿Qué pasa/está pasando? - What's happening?

GRAMMAR

All Spanish verbs at the end in the infinitive are divided into three conjugations.

Verbs ending in -ar refer to I conjugation.

Verbs ending in -er refer to II conjugation.

Verbs ending in -ir refer to III conjugation.

According to the type of conjugation, verbs are divided into correct(conjugate according to the standard scheme) and wrong(they conjugate according to a special scheme for a group of verbs, or according to a scheme special for each verb).

AT present indicative(Presente de indicativo) regular verbs are conjugated as follows.

I conjugation- hablar (to speak)

yo habl o

tu habl as

el/ ella/ usted habl a

nosotros(as) habl amos

vosotros(as) habl ais

ellos/ellas/ustedes habl an

II conjugation- comer (is)

yo com o

tu com es

el/ ella/ usted com e

nosotros(as) com emos

vosotros(as) com eis

ellos/ellas/ustedes com en

III conjugation - vivir (to live)

yo viv o

tu viv es

el/ ella/ usted viv e

nosotros(as) viv imos

vosotros(as) viv is

ellos/ellas/ustedes viv en

Personal pronouns in the subject function are often omitted.

— ¿Donde vives? — Vivo en Londres. - Where do you live? - I live in London.

Irregular Verbs.

In the present tense, some verbs are irregular only in the first person singular, and correct in all other persons and numbers. For example, conocer - conozco(know - know) hacer-hago(do - do) poner-pongo(put - put) saber-se(know - know) salir - salgo(go out - go out).

Some verbs such as ser(be), estar(be), haber(have), ir(to go) are irregular in many persons and numbers.

Ser (to be)

yo soy

tu heres

usted, el, ella es

nosotros(as) somos

vosotros(as) sois

ustedes, ellos, ellas son

Verb detail ser reviewed in

Estar (to be)

yo estoy

tu estas

el/ ella/ usted esta

nosotros(as) estamos

vosotros(as) estais

ellos/ ellas/ ustedes estan

Verb detail ser reviewed in

About the difference between ser and estar can be read in .

Haber (to have)

yo he

tu has

el/ ella/ usted ha, hay

nosotros(as) hemos

vosotros(as) habeis

ellos/ ellas/ ustedes han

Verb detail haber covered in Lesson 19.

Ir (to go)

yo voy

tu vas

el/ ella/ usted va

nosotros(as) vamos

vosotros(as) vais

ellos/ ellas/ ustedes van

Note.

Many online Spanish dictionaries have the ability to see the conjugation of regular and irregular verbs. A complete table of all forms is offered, for example, by the Reverso - Conjugation service.

Changing the stem of the verb.

• Some verbs change the stem. This only happens when the stem is stressed, so the changes do not affect 1st and 2nd person plurals.
• The endings for verbs with a changing stem are the same as for regular verbs.

Below are the most common verbs of this group.

Change e → ie

-ar verbs

cerrar (to close), despertar(se) (to wake up, wake up), empezar (to start), nevar (it is snowing), pensar (to think)

-er verbs

encender (turn on, ignite), entender (understand), perder (lose), querer (want), tener (have)

Verbs starting with -ir

herirse (get hurt), sentir(se) (feel), preferir (prefer), venir (come)

Example of conjugation with change e → ie

Pensar (to think)

yo pienso

tu piensas

el/ ella/ usted piensa

nosotros(as) pensamos

vosotros(as) pensais

ellos/ ellas/ ustedes piensan

Note.

tener(to have) and Venir(to come), and the verbs derived from them ( mantener- support, convenir- agree), are incorrect in the 1st person singular of the present tense: tengo(I have), Vengo(I come). In other faces, they change in the same way as pensar in the example above.

Change o → ue

-ar verbs

acostarse (go to bed), acordarse (remember, agree), comprobar (check), contar (tell), encontrar (find), mostrar (show), recordar (remember), rogar (ask)

-er verbs

devolver (to return), doler (to get sick), llover (it's raining), moverse (to move), poder (to be able to), soler (to have a habit), volver (to return (s))

Verbs starting with -ir

dormir (to sleep), morir (to die)

Example of conjugation with change o → ue

Volver (return)

yo vuelvo

tu vuelves

el/ ella/ usted vuelve

nosotros(as) volvemos

vosotros(as) volveis

ellos/ ellas/ ustedes vuelen

Note.

in the verb jugar u changes to ue(jue go, jue gas, jue ga, jugamos, jugáis, jue gan).

Change e→i

conseguir (get, get), corregir (correct), elegir (choose), pedir (ask), reír(se) (laugh), repetir (repeat), seguir (follow), servir (serve)

Also note the 1st person singular form of the following verbs:

conseguir - consigo

corregir - corrijo

elegir - elijo

seguir-sigo

Example of conjugation with change e → i

Pedir (to ask)

yo pido

tu pides

el/ ella/ usted pide

nosotros(as) pedimos

vosotros(as) pedis

ellos/ ellas/ ustedes piden

Estar + gerund

Design estar + gerund used to express an action happening at the moment of speaking.

The gerund is formed by adding -ando to verbs in -ar, and -iendo to verbs in -ir and -er :

hablar - hablando

hacer-haciendo

escribir - escribiendo

Some spelling changes:

Verbs on -ir, in which e changes to ie- in gerund e changes to i, For example, v e nir-v i niendo.

Verbs on -ir, as well as some verbs in -er, in which o changes to ue- in gerund about changes to u, For example, d o rmir-d u rmiendo, p o der-p u diendo.

Verbs on -ir, in which e changes to i- in gerund e also changes to i, For example, p e dir-p i diendo.

Regular verbs II and III of conjugation with a stem ending in a vowel - in the gerund have an ending -yendo, For example, leer-le yendo .

Estoy leyendo un libro. - I am reading a book.

Mi padre está hablando con mi hermano. Father is (now) talking to his brother.

Estar + gerund used:

• To express an action taking place at the moment of speaking.

¿Qué estás haciendo ? - What are you doing now?

• To express an action taking place at the present time.

Estoy viviendo en Barcelona. I (now) live in Barcelona.

• To express an action that started in the past and continues in the present.

Esta lloviendo desde anoche. It hasn't stopped raining since last night.

• To express disapproval or surprise.

¡Pero qué estás diciendo! - What are you talking about!

Note.

The present simple tense is often used in Spanish to express an action happening at the moment of speaking.

¿Que hases? - What are you doing now?

Estudio español. - I am learning Spanish.

¿Con quien hablas? - Who are you talking with?

Other constructions used to express action in the present

• Design llevar + gerund is used when we are talking about an action that started in the past and is continuing in the present.

¿Cuánto tiempo llevas buscando trabajo? - How long have you been looking for a job?

Llevo tres años estudiando inglés. — I have been studying English for three years.

Llevamos dos horas esperando. We have been waiting for two hours.

• The semantic verb in this construction can be omitted if the meaning of the statement is clear from the context.

¿Cuánto tiempo llevas (viviendo) en Madrid? How long have you been living in Madrid?

Ana lleva dos años (trabajando) en la empresa. Anna has been with the company for two years.

¿Cuánto tiempo llevan juntos? - How long have they been together?

• Design hace + tense + que + present verb can also be used when we are talking about an action that started in the past and is continuing in the present.

¿Cuánto tiempo hace que vives en Barcelona? How long have you been living in Barcelona?

Hace tres meses que vivo alli. I have been living there for 3 months.

Hace dos anos que estudio francés. — I have been studying French for two years.

The last two sentences can also be formulated as follows:

Vivo alli desde hace tres meses.

Estudio Frances desde hace dos anos.

EXERCISES

1. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form.

a) — ¿ Qué … (tú) los fines de semana? (hacer)

— (Yo) no… nada especial. (hacer)

b) (Yo) …. en Barcelona, ​​mi hermano … en Madrid, y mis padres en Valencia. Y tu, ¿ donde...? (vivir)

c) Perdone, ¿ …Vd. donde está el Banco Central? (sabes)

No, (yo) no… . (saber) No … la cuidad. (conocer)

d) Normalmente (yo) ... de casa a las 7.00 y mi marido ... a las 8.00. Y vosotros, ¿ a que hora...? (salir)

e) (Yo) … a la oficina en autobús. Tú … en el coche, ¿ verdad? (ir)

2. Write what the people in the photo are doing. Align phrases and photos, use the correct form of construction estar + gerund.

1 (comer) en el campo

2 (escuchar) música

3 (jugar) al fútbol

4 (leer) el periodico

5 (nadar) en la piscina

3. You are talking to Fernando, your friend. Ask him how long he has been living in Barcelona, ​​learning German, and so on using hace. Write answers to Fernando using the clues in brackets.

a) Vivir en Barcelona (5 años)

b) Trabajar en la misma empresa (3 años)

c) Estudiar alemán (2 años)

d) Conocer a María (4 años y medio)

e) Jugar al tenis (2 años)

You can find the keys to the exercises in the comments.

Discussion: there is 1 comment

Answers to exercises.

b) Vivo/vive/viven/vives

c) sabe/ se/ conozco

d) saldo/ sale/ salis

1. Están comiendo en el campo. (c)

2. Está escuchando música. (f)

3. Están jugando al fútbol. (d)

4. Está leyendo el periodico. (a)

5. Estan nadando en la piscina. (e)

6. Esta cocinando. (b)

a) ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que vives en Barcelona? — Vivo en Barcelona desde hace 5 anos.

b) ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que trabajas en la misma empresa? Trabajo en la misma empresa desde hace 3 anos.

c) ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que estudias alemán? — Estudio alemán desde hace 2 años.

d) ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que conoces a María? — Conozco a María desde hace 4 años y medio.

e) ¿Cuánto tiempo hace que juegas al tenis? — Juego al tenis desde hace 2 años.

Reply

Oh, Spanish verb conjugation is not for the faint of heart. However, when working with regular present tense verbs, all you need to know is the subject, and then the verb conjugation follows the standard pattern: isolating the stem and adding the appropriate ending. Alas, not all verbs are correct. The conjugation of reflexive and irregular Spanish verbs follows slightly different rules. Of course, they too can and should be learned. In general, if you want to understand how the conjugation of present tense verbs occurs in Spanish, you are welcome to read this article.

Steps

Conjugation of regular verbs

Understand the essence of the subject. The subject is the noun to which the verb refers. To conjugate a Spanish verb, you must first learn personal pronouns. Here they are:

• Yo- I
• Tu- you (singular, familiar)
• Usted- you (singular, formally)
• El, ella- he she
• Nosotros/as- we
• Vosotros/as- you (plural, familiar)
• Ustedes- you (pl., formally)
• Ellos/as- they
  • Note that even though there are 8 different subjects, there are only six different forms of conjugations. El, ella and usted conjugate according to one model, the same goes for ellos, ellas and ustedes.

1. Define the subject. So, you already more or less imagine what kind of animal it is. Now you need to find this very subject associated with the verb. For example, if the verb is necesitar(have a need), then you need to think about who or what has a need? You? Who are you talking to? Several people at once? By the object you will recognize the conjugation model of the verb.

   Cut out the base. All Spanish verbs end either in "-ar" or "-ir" or "-er". By discarding the endings and thereby isolating the base, you can add a new ending to it. Of course, this does not apply to reflexive verbs, to which the pronoun “se” is also added.

   Conjugation of verbs starting with “-ar”. Having learned the conjugation model of such verbs, you can safely conjugate all verbs ending in “-ar”, adding the appropriate endings to them. Here, in fact, is the rule for conjugation of such verbs in the present tense using the example of the verb hablar(speak):

   • Yo:o- hablo
   • Tu:as- hablas
   • Él, Ella, Usted: a- habla
   • Nosotros/as: amos- hablamos
   • Vosotros/as:ais- hablais
   • Ellos/as, Ustedes:an- hablan

   • Conjugation of verbs starting with “-er”. Having learned the conjugation model of such verbs, you can safely conjugate all verbs ending in “-er”, adding the appropriate endings to them. Here, in fact, is the rule for conjugation of such verbs in the present tense using the example of the verb beber(drink):

     • Yo:o- bebo
     • Tu:es- bebes
     • Él, Ella, Usted:e- baby
     • Nosotros/as:emos- bebemos
     • Vosotros/as: eis- bebeis
     • Ellos/as, Ustedes:en- beben

   • Conjugation of verbs starting with “-ir”. Having learned the conjugation model of such verbs, you can safely conjugate all verbs ending in “-ir”, adding the appropriate endings to them. Here, in fact, is the rule for conjugation of such verbs in the present tense using the example of the verb vivir(live):

     • Yo:o- vivo
     • Tu:es- vives
     • Él, Ella, Usted:e- vive
     • Nosotros/as:imos- vivimos
     • Vosotros/as:is- vivis
     • Ellos/as, Ustedes:en- viven

     Conjugation of reflexive verbs

     1. Learn how to conjugate the pronoun "se". To conjugate a reflexive verb, the first step is to learn how to conjugate it, depending on the subject pronoun. Each pronoun-subject form has its own “se” form, which will be used for any tense. Everything looks like this:

        • Yo: me
        • Tu: te
        • Él, Ella, Usted: se
        • Nosotros/as: nos
        • Vosotros/as: os
        • Ellos/as, Ustedes: se

     2. Put the correct form of "se" in front of the verb. Before you go any further, you need to put the pronoun “se” in the right form before the verb. This can be represented as follows: before the conjugation of the reflexive verb “se” is removed from the end. Remove "se" from the end of the verb - and you've already conjugated it!

     3. Conjugate the verb. Now just change the verb according to the conjugation rules for regular present tense verbs. The verb must be used after the appropriate form. se. It is possible to get rid of the pronoun subject before the reflexive pronoun when you use a declarative sentence with a reflexive verb. For example, you can say Yo me llavo(I wash) but more often they say Me llavo. Here are the forms of the conjugated reflexive verb levanto(wake up) present tense:

        • Yo: me levanto
        • Tu: te levantas
        • Él, Ella, Usted: se levanta
        • Nosotros/as: nos levantamos
        • Vosotros/as: os levantais
        • Ellos/as, Ustedes: se levantan

     Conjugation of irregular verbs

     1. Conjugation of verbs with a changing stem. The main feature of such verbs is that when they are conjugated in the present tense, the root vowel changes. However, not always - for example, in the forms nosotros and vosotros does not change. There are several different options for changing the root vowel, for example:

        • Change o on the ue. Example - verb dormir(sleep):
          • Yo: duermo
          • Tu: duermes
          • Él, Ella, Usted: duerme
          • Nosotros/as: dormimos
          • Vosotros/as: dormis
          • Ellos/as, Ustedes: duermen
        • Change e on the ue. Example - verb querer(to want):
          • Yo: quiero
          • Tu: quieres
          • Él, Ella, Usted: quiere
          • Nosotros/as: queremos
          • Vosotros/as: quereis
          • Ellos/as, Ustedes: quieren
        • Change e on the i. Example - verb seguir(continue or follow):
          • Yo: sigo
          • Tu: sigues
          • Él, Ella, Usted: sigue
          • Nosotros/as: seguimos
          • Vosotros/as: seguis
          • Ellos/as, Ustedes: siguen

     2. Conjugation of verbs that change in the first person. Some irregular verbs have an atypical form of the first person of the present tense, while all other forms are usual. Such verbs are best learned by heart. Here are some examples of such verbs (in the form yo):

        • Conjugation of verbs with a change in the form of the first person with on the zc:
          • conocer(be familiar with): Yo conozco
          • Agradecer(thank): Yo agradezco
          • Ofrecer(t be familiar with): Yo ofrezco
        • Conjugation of verbs with first person appearance g":
          • Caer(fall): Yo caigo
          • Salir(go out): Yo salgo
          • tener(have): Yo tengo
        • Conjugation of verbs with other changes in the form of the first person:
          • Dar(to give): Yo doy
          • Saber(know): Yo se
          • Ver(see): Yo veo

     3. Conjugation of other irregular present tense verbs. There are other verbs, both common and frequent, and not very verbs, in which the stem does not change, however, the conjugation rules differ from the standard ones. Such verbs must be learned, and learned by heart. Here are some examples of the most commonly used irregular present tense verbs:

        • Estar(be):
          • Yo: estoy
          • Tu: estas
          • Él, Ella, Usted: esta
          • Nosotros/as: estamos
          • Vosotros/as: estais
          • Ellos/as, Ustedes: estan
        • Ser(be):
          • Yo: soy
          • Tu: heres
          • Él, Ella, Usted: son
          • Nosotros/as: somos
          • Vosotros/as: sois
          • Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes: son
        • Ir(go):
          • Yo: voy
          • Tu: vas
          • Él, Ella, Usted: va
          • Nosotros/as: vamos
          • Vosotros/as: vais
          • Ellos/as, Ustedes: van

Spanish verbs learning is not very difficult. Spanish verbs there is a lot in the language, but not all Spanish verbs equally common in speech. The more Spanish verbs a person knows, the richer his oral speech. However, memorizing thousands of Spanish verbs is superfluous, in everyday life they are rarely required and you can do without them perfectly. There are 100 most important and essential Spanish verbs you need to know! There are a lot of Spanish verbs in the language, but not all of them are equally often used in speech. The table below contains the most common Spanish verbs with the corresponding Russian translation. This article contains the rules for conjugation of regular Spanish verbs, as well as the Spanish verbs themselves with conjugation forms in basic tenses. So, first of all, it should be noted that Spanish verbs are conjugated: they change in persons, numbers, moods and tenses. It is also important to take into account that the conjugation of Spanish verbs occurs in relation to the four main categories known as moods: demonstrative, subjunctive, imperative and conditional. Spanish verbs can be used in two voice forms: active (voz activa) and passive (voz pasiva). In addition to personal verb forms (number, person, mood, voice), Spanish also has non-personal or impersonal (sometimes called infinitive) inflexible forms that every Spanish verb must have. To conjugate Spanish verbs, it is also necessary, first of all, to remember their functioning within fifteen tenses, subdivided into eight simple tenses and seven complex or compound tenses. . All Spanish verbs in Spanish are traditionally divided into two main categories in relation to the presence of features of their formation: regular and deviant. The features of conjugation of regular Spanish verbs can be demonstrated by the example of changing their forms in Indicativo pesente (see the table of Spanish verbs). It is necessary to learn only the most important and most used Spanish verbs. In this article you can get acquainted with Spanish verbs and a table of Spanish tenses. Spanish has many more verb forms than Russian. This can be explained by the fact that in Russian many features of time are conveyed with the help of additional words, while in Spanish - with the help of a certain form of the verb. There are 8 tenses in the indicative mood of Spanish. The tense of a Spanish verb in Spanish is chosen based on the meaning. For example, "I broke a glass" can be translated into Spanish in two ways: "Rompí el vaso" or "He roto el vaso". In the first case, the action took place in the past. In the second option, it is understood that the glass was just broken, just about, even fragments are still visible, i.e. the result with the present is clearly present. The table below shows the conjugation of the Spanish verb in different tenses. In Russian, verbs have two types: perfect and imperfect. In Spanish, these will be separate tenses. In conclusion, we can argue that the Spanish verb system is a more detailed rendering of semantic shades, and not a simple complication of the language. Below you can find a table of tenses of Spanish verbs.

		open
		end (s), end (s)
		accept
		achieve
		appear
		to help
		to change (to)
		start off
		understand
		reach, achieve
		ponder
		count
		to turn (to)
		run; run away
		create
		follow; to execute, to carry out
		duty; be to
		leave
		guide; convert; send
		find
		study; to study
		exist
		explain
		to give the form of; form
		earn; win
		like; be nice
		speak
		try
		get up
		arrive; come, come
		wear, carry; relate
		reach, achieve something)
		support
		look
		be born
		to need
		take place
		suggest
		seem
		divide, share
		pass; move
		let
		place, put; put on
		to ask
		introduce
		produce
		stay
		fulfill
		receive
		to admit
		remember
		turn out, turn out
		extract, take out
		go out
		to follow
		feel
		assume
		end
		take; take; accept
		work
		bring
		enjoy; communicate
		use, use, use
		enjoy; use
		come
		look
		return; come back

Table of tenses of the Spanish verb

1. Indicative - indicative mood
2. Subjuntivo - subjunctive, subjunctive mood
3. Potencial - conditional mood
4. Imperativo - imperative mood

Infinitive: pensar Participio: pensado Gerundio: pensando		Think Thoughtful thinking
Indicative (indicative)		Subjuntivo (subjuntiv)
Presente (present) I think pienso think piensas thinks piensa think pensamos think pensais think piensan	Preterito perfecto compuesto thought he pensado thought has pensado thought ha pensado thought hemos pensado thought habeis pensado thought han pensado	Presente yo piense tu pienses el piense nosotros pensemos vosotros penseis ellospiensen	Preterito perfecto yo haya pensado tu hayas pensado el haya pensado nosotros hayamos pensado vosotros hayais pensado ellos hayan pensado
Preterito imperfecto thought pensaba thought pensabas thought pensaba thought pensábamos thought pensabais thought pensaban	Preterito pluscuamperfecto thought había pensado thought habias pensado thought había pensado thought habíamos pensado thought habiais pensado thought habían pensado	Preterito imperfecto Yo Pensara tú pensaras el pensara nosotros pensaramos vosotros pensarais ello pensaran	Preterito pluscuamperfecto yo hubiera pensado tu hubieras pensado el hubiera pensado nosotros hubieramos pensado vosotros hubierais pensado ellos hubieran pensado
Preterito perfecto simple thought pense thought pensaste thought penso thought pensamos thought pensasteis thought pensaron	Preterito anterior thought hube pensado thought hubiste pensado thought hubo pensado thought hubimos pensado thought hubisteis pensado thought hubieron pensado	(second option) yo pense tu pensases el pensase nosotros pensasemos vosotros pensaseis ellos pensasen	(second option) yo hubiese pensado tú hubieses pensado el hubiese pensado nosotros hubiesemos pensado vosotros hubieseis pensado ellos hubiesen pensado
Futuro I will think pensaré think pensarás Will think pensará think pensaremos think pensaréis think pensarán

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verbos regulares. Presente de indicativo.

inclinations

In order to immerse ourselves in the grammar of the Spanish language, let's return briefly to the school course of the Russian language.

Do you remember that in Russian there are moods:

• indicative - when we present the process as real,
• imperative - when we order or ask to do something,
• conditional - when we talk about possible or desirable actions.

The same moods exist in Spanish. Plus, one more thing is added to them - the subjunctive, which will be discussed later.

Time

Each inclination has its own branched system of tenses. There are many more of them than in Russian, sixteen to be exact. But do not be afraid in advance - we will gradually master them.

And let's start studying the aspect-temporal system of the Spanish verb from the simplest tense - present tense indicative. Presente de indicativo.

This tense is used to denote

• simple action happening at the moment:

Yo escucho la musica.
I listen to music.

• long-term action that began in the past and continues to the present:

Estudiamos el idioma español.
We are learning Spanish.

• repetitive actions in the present:

Siempre compramos frutas en este mercado.
We always buy fruits in this market.

• actions planned for the near future:

Manana voy a Cusco.
Tomorrow I will go to Cusco.

In today's lesson, we'll talk about regular Spanish verbs in this tense.

Regular verbs

All regular verbs are divided into three groups depending on their ending:

• verbs in -AR,
• -ER verbs,
• verbs in -IR,

As in Russian, Spanish verbs are conjugated. Verb conjugation depends on personal pronouns (see lesson 4).

-ar verbs

Learn a few verbs of the first group.

bailar - to dance
cantar - to sing
cenar - to have dinner
comprar - to buy
desayunar - to have breakfast
escuchar - listen
estudiar - to study
fumar - to smoke
hablar - to speak
practicar - to practice
preguntar - to ask
trabajar - to work

On the example of a verb hablar get acquainted with the conjugation of the verbs of the first group.

habl-ar - to speak

We substitute new endings for the place of the ending -ar.

Please note that the word you behaves differently in Spanish than in Russian. Is our You capitalized for one person takes the same ending as the words is he and she is. And the word you for a group of people has the same endings as the word they.

Let's look at examples of how these verbs behave in speech:

Yo trabaj o en un colegio.
I work at school.

Tú cant as muy bien.
You sing very well.

Mi hermano no escape a la musica clasica.
My brother doesn't listen to classical music.

Mi hermana bail a muy bien.
My sister dances very well.

Usted no fum a, ¿verdad?
You don't smoke, do you?

Nosotros practical amos taekwondo.
We do taekwondo.

¿Estudi ais ustedes mucho?
Do you study a lot?

Los ninos pregunt an demasiado.
Children ask too much.

Hoy ustedes cen an en el restaurante Prague.
Today you are having dinner at the Prague restaurant.

Order of words in a sentence

• As you can see from the examples, in negative phrases, the negative particle no comes before the verb: Usted no fuma.
• In interrogative sentences without an interrogative word, the word order is as follows - first the verb-predicate, then the pronoun or noun-subject: ¿ Estudiá is ustedes mucho?
• In interrogative sentences with an interrogative word, the interrogative word is put first, then the verb, and after it the subject, expressed by a pronoun or noun: ¿ Dó nde trabaja Usted? - Where do you work?

Some question words

que - what
quien - who
de qué - from what, about what
de quien - whose, whose, whose
de quienes - whose
como - how
donde - where
de donde - from where
a donde - where
por que - why

¿ Quien trabaja en el hospital?
Who works in the hospital?

¿ Có mo canta tu amiga?
How does your friend sing?

All interrogative pronouns in Spanish are written with a graphic accent mark!

As I discussed in Lesson 4, personal pronouns are sometimes omitted in Spanish because the grammatical person can be identified by the form of the verb used: ¿De e hablas? - What are you talking about?

Learn a few verbs of the second group.

-er verbs

beber - to drink
comer - eat, eat
creer - to believe
leer - to read
romper - to break
vendor - to sell
ver - to see

Conjugation of verbs of the second group

com-er - eat, eat

Tu com es mucho.
You eat a lot.

Yo no com o dulces.
I don't eat sweets.

¿Com e s ceviche?
Do you eat ceviche?

Learn a few verbs of the third group.

Verbs starting with -ir

abrir - to open
escribir - to write
recibir - to receive
subir - raise, raise, rise
vivir - to live

Conjugation of verbs of the third group

viv-ir - to live

Mis amigos viv en en Moscow.
My friends live in Moscow.

no viv o con mis padres.
I don't live with my parents.

¿Donde viv es?
Where do you live?

And now let's add three tables to have all the information in one place.

Pronoun	1 Group	2 Group	3 Group
	-AR	-ER	-IR
yo	-o	-o	-o
tu	-as	-es	-es
el ella Usted	-a	-e	-e
nosotros nosotras	-amos	-emos	-imos
vosotros vosotras	-ais	-eis	-is
ellos ellas Ustedes	-an	-en	-en

Comments on the table:

• Regardless of the group, all verbs in the first person singular end in -about:hablo , como , vivo .
• Verbs ending in - ar retain the vowel a in all forms except first person singular: habl a s, habl a, habl a mos, hubl á is, habl a n.
• Verbs ending in - er retain the vowel e in all forms except the first person singular: com e s, com e com e mos, com é is, com e n.
• The conjugation of the verbs of the third group is similar to the conjugation of the verbs of the second group, with the only difference being that in the forms we and you instead of a vowel e a vowel appears i: vivi mos, viví s.
• In the endings of second person plural verbs, the vowel is always stressed: hablá is, comé is, viví s.

Tasks for the lesson

1. Pedro nunca (preguntar) ………………… en clase, es muy tímido.

Pedro never asks in class, he is very humble

2. ¿(hablar) ………………… español tu esposo?

Does your husband speak Spanish?

3. ¿(bailar) ………………… salsa ustedes?.

Do you dance salsa?

4. Mis hijos (estudiar) ………………… en el colegio Pitagoras.

My children go to school "Pythagoras".

5. Yo no (fumar) ………………… .

I do not smoke.

6. ¿Por qué no (comer) …………………, hijo?

Why don't you eat son?

7. ¿Qué (vender) ………………… en la farmacia?

What is sold in a pharmacy?

8. Los rusos (leer) …………………

Russians read a lot.

9. Mi abuela (creer) ………………… en Dios.

My grandmother believes in God.

10. No (ver) ………………… muy bien.

I don't see very well.

11. ¿(recibir) ………………… vosotros cartas?

Are you receiving letters?

12. Nosotros (vivir) ………………… mucho tiempo en La América Latina.

We live a lot of time in Latin America.

13. Mario (escribir) ………………… una composición.

Mario is writing an essay.

14. Yo (subir) ………………… las escaleras.

I go up the stairs.

15. Tú (abrir) ………………… la ventana.

You open the window.

1. español / habláis / no / vosotros
2. casa / desayunamos / en / nunca
3. en/María/un/compra/supermercado/productos
4. estudio / dos / yo / idiomas
5. tú / en / hospital / el / trabajas / grande
6. bebe / vodka / por qué / esposo / tu
7. donde / tus / viven / amigos
8. restaurante / comen / un / en / mis / clientes
9. el/tú/abres/en/libro/página/la/25
10. mi/esposo/carros/vende

1. ¿Como te llamas?
2. ¿De donde eres?
3. ¿Donde vives?
4. ¿Donde trabajas?
5. ¿Donde estudias?
6. ¿Que comes?
7. ¿De que hablas?
8. ¿Por qué estudias español?
9. ¿Dónde compras tu ropa?
10. ¿Fumas?
11. ¿Qué deporte practicas?
12. ¿Qué vino tomas?
13. ¿Qué música escuchas?
14. ¿Qué libros lees?
15. ¿Bailas bien?

Task 1. Write the verb in the correct form.

1. pregunta
2. Habla
3. Bailan
4. estudian
5. comes
6. Venden
7. Recibis
8. vivimos
9. describe
10. abres

Task 2. Make phrases from these words. Translate these phrases.

1. Vosotros no habláis español. - You don't speak Spanish.
2. Nunca desayunamos en casa. We never have breakfast at home.
3. María compra productos en un supermercado. Maria buys groceries in the supermarket.
4. Yo estudio dos idiomas. – I study two languages.
5. Tu trabajas en el hospital grande. You work in a big hospital.
6. ¿Por qué bebe vodka tu esposo? Why does your husband drink vodka?
7. ¿Dónde viven tus amigos? – Where do your friends live?
8. Mis clientes comen en un restaurante. My clients are eating at some restaurant.
9. Tú abres el libro en la página 25. – You open the book to page 25.
10. Mi esposo vende carros. My husband sells cars.

Task 3. Answer the questions.

Your answers will, of course, be different from mine. But still I will answer myself so that you have an example of the correct answers.

1. ¿Como te llamas? – Me llamo Oksana.
2. ¿De donde eres? – Soy de Rusia.
3. ¿Donde vives? – Vivo en el Perú.
4. ¿Donde trabajas? – Trabajo en el Centro Cultural Ruso.
5. ¿Donde estudias? – No study.
6. ¿Que comes? – Como la comida peruana.
7. ¿De que hablas? – Hablo de mis hijos.
8. ¿Por qué estudias español? - Por que me gusta el idioma.
9. ¿Dónde compras tu ropa? – Compro ropa en el Centro Comercial.
10. ¿Fumas? - No, no fumo.
11. ¿Qué deporte practicas? – Practico taekwondo.
12. ¿Qué vino tomas? Tomo vino blanco.
13. ¿Qué música escuchas? - Escucho la musica pop.
14. ¿Qué libros lees? – Leo novelas policiacas.
15. ¿Bailas bien? - No, no bailo bien.

The conjugation system of Spanish verbs is very voluminous and at first glance it may seem confusing, but once you understand the logic of conjugation, everything will fall into place.

Our Spanish expert, teacher Natalia Volkova, talk about the classification of Spanish verbs, give examples and advise how to memorize them yourself.

How to memorize verbs on your own

1. Write out and learn not individual verbs, but with the nouns with which they are combined: prestar atencion - Attend.
2. Learn verbs with prepositions, as the literal translation from Russian to Spanish often differs: soñar con - to dream about (the preposition "con" is the Russian preposition "s").
3. Speak your actions and what is happening around, describe your appearance, emotional state in Spanish. For example: Hablo por telephone. - I'm on the phone. Or another example: Mi mama riega las flores en el balcon. - My mother is watering the flowers on the balcony.
4. Learn paired verbs that have similar translations but different meanings. Make suggestions with them. For example: escuchar - listen. Escucho música mientras cocino. - I listen to music while I cook. Or: oir - hear. Te oigo muy bien. - I can hear you very well.
5. Sort the verbs into groups according to their grammatical similarity. For example, regular verbs that change only the endings: tomar - yo tomo , beber -tu bebes ; as well as verbs of individual conjugation, which in the 1st person singular. numbers have the same form: traer - yo traigo ,oir - yo oigo , decir -yo digo .
6. Learn words by topic. Make a list of sports verbs, for example, and then write a sentence or a short story with each of them.
7. Get a notebook and write down instructions and recipes. So in practice you will memorize the verbs in the imperative mood.
8. Write down and learn verbs immediately with their antonyms. Make sentences with them: abrir la ventana - open a window, cerrar la puerta - close the door.
9. Draw mind maps with multi-valued verbs that can be used in almost any situation: Tener , poner , hacer .
10. Conjugate new verbs in writing and out loud until you bring their use to automatism.

Now let's see how the verbs change in conjugation. Important: all changes in the verbs apply only to the Presente de Indicativo (present tense).

Regular Spanish Verbs

When conjugated, they change endings, depending on the person and number. There are 3 types of conjugation: verbs of the 1st group with the infinitive ending -ar; verbs of the 2nd group with the ending of the infinitive -er; verbs of the 3rd group with the ending of the infinitive -ir.

Verbs of the first group with the ending -AR in the infinitive:

• celebrar - celebrate

Yo celebr o - I celebrate
Tu celebr as - are you celebrating
Él/Ella/Usted celebr a - he/she/you are celebrating
Nosotros(as) celebr amos - we are celebrating
Vosotros(as) celebr ais - you celebrate
Ellos(as)/Ustedes celebr an - they/you are celebrating

Verbs of the second group with the ending -ER in the infinitive:

• aprender - teach, study

Yo aprend o - I'm learning
Tuaprend es - you teach
Él/Ella/Usted aprend e - he/she/you are teaching
Nosotros(as)aprend emos - we learn
Vosotros(as) aprend eis - you teach
Ellos(as)/Ustedes aprend en - they/you teach

Verbs of the third group with the ending -IR in the infinitive:

• escribir - write

Yo write o - I write
Tu escrib es - you write
El/Ella/Usted escrib e - he/she/you are writing
Nosotros(as) escrib imos - we are writing
Vosotros(as) escrib is - you write
Ellos(as)/Ustedes escrib en - they/you write (write)

Spanish irregular verbs

Irregular verbs are divided into two types - individual conjugation and deviant. Their conjugation only needs to be memorized, since they have specific forms.

• ir - go, go

Yo voy - I'm going
Tu vas - you are walking
El/Ella/Usted va - he/she/you are coming
Nosotros(as) vamos - we are walking
Vosotros(as) vais - You walk
Ellos(as)/Ustedes van - they/you are going

Important! Declining verbs, when conjugated under stress, change the root vowel, the vowel in the verb ending, or the consonant at the end of the word. The forms for "nosotros" and "vosotros" do not change radically when conjugated.

Verbs of the 1st and 2nd group with endings in -AR, -ER (E changes to IE under stress):

• cerrar - close

Yo c ie rro - I close
Tu c ie rras - you close
El/Ella/Usted c ie rra - he/she/you close(s)
Nosotros(as) cerramos - we are closing
Vosotros(as) cerrais - you are closing
Ellos(as)/Ustedes c ie rran - they/you close (close)

• entender - to understand, understand

Yo ent ie ndo - I understand
Tú ent ie ndes - you understand
El/Ella/Usted ent ie nde - he/she/you understand(s)
Nosotros(as) entendemos - we understand
Vosotros(as) entendeis - you understand
Ellos(as)/Ustedes ent ie nden - they/you understand

Verbs also belong to this type of conjugation: comenzar - start, despertar - wake up, encender - spark off.

Verbs of the 1st and 2nd group with endings in -AR, -ER (O changes to UE under stress):

• soñar - dream

Yos ue o - I'm dreaming
Tu s ue nas - you are dreaming
Él/Ella/Usted s ue na - he/she/you are dreaming
Nosotros(as) soñamos - we dream
Vosotros(as) sonais - you are dreaming
Ellos(as)/Ustedes s ue can - they/you dream (dream)

Verbs also belong to this type of conjugation: encontrar - find, meet; mostrar - show, have breakfast; Almorzar - eat a second breakfast.

Group 2 verbs ending in -IR (E changes to I under stress):

• repeater - repeat

Yo rep i to - I repeat
Tu rep i tes - you repeat
El/Ella/Usted rep i te - he/she/you repeat(s)
Nosotros(as) repetimos - we repeat
Vosotros(as) repetis - you repeat
Ellos(as)/Ustedes rep i ten - they/you repeat (repeat)

Verbs also belong to this type of conjugation: medir - measure, vestir - to dress, reñir - argue.

Verbs of the 3rd group (E changes to IE under stress):

• sentir - regret

Yos ie to - I regret
Tu s ie ntes - you're sorry
Él/Ella/Usted s ie nte - he/she/you are sorry
Nosotros(as) sentimos - we regret
Vosotros(as) sentis - you regret
Ellos(as)/Ustedes s ie nten - they/you are sorry

Verbs also belong to this type of conjugation: advertir - pay attention, preferir - to prefer, mentir - lie.

Verbs of the 4th group (O changes to UE under stress):

• dormir - sleep

Yo d ue rmo - I sleep
Tu d ue rms - are you sleeping
El/Ella/Usted d ue rme - he/she/you are sleeping
Nosotros(as) dormimos - we are sleeping
Vosotros(as) dormis - Are you sleeping now
Ellos(as)/Ustedes d ue rmen - they/you are sleeping

Another verb belongs to this type of conjugation: morir - die.

Verbs of the 5th group with the endings -UCIR, -CER (in the 1st person singular, Z is added before C):

• ofrecer - suggest

Yo ofre zco - I suggest
Tu ofreces - You offer
El/Ella/Usted ofrece - he/she/you propose(s)
Nosotros(as) ofrecemos - we offer
Vosotros(as) ofreceis - You are offering
Ellos(as)/Ustedes ofrecen - they/you offer (offer)

• producer - create

Yo produce zco - I'm creating
Tú produces - you create
Él/Ella/Usted produce - he/she/you create(s)
Nosotros(as) producimos - we create
Vosotros(as) producers - you create
Ellos(as)/Ustedes produced - they/you create (create)

Verbs also belong to this type of conjugation: conducir - to drive (a car), traducir - translate.

Verbs of the 6th group with the ending in the infinitive -UIR (I changes to Y before O, E, A):

• influir - influence

Yo flu yo - I influence
Tu flu ye s - you influence
El/Ella/Usted influ ye - he/she/you influence(s)
Nosotros(as) influimos - we influence
Vosotros(as) influences - you influence
Ellos(as)/Ustedes influ ye n - they / you influence (influence)

Verbs also belong to this type of conjugation: construir - build, destroy - destroy.

Verbs of the 7th group with infinitive endings in -GER, -GIR (in the 1st person singular G changes to J):

• elegir - choose

Yo eli j o - I choose
Tu eliges - you choose
Él/Ella/Usted elige - he/she/you choose(s)
Nosotros(as) elegimos - we choose
Vosotros(as) elegis - you choose
Ellos(as)/Ustedes eligen - they / you choose (choose)

This type of conjugation also includes verbs: coger - take, escoger - choose.

There are over 12,000 Spanish verbs. Start learning to easily communicate on everyday issues in everyday life.

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