Memphis, Babylon, Thebes - all of them were once the largest centers, but only the name remains of them. However, there are cities that have existed throughout the history of mankind, from the Stone Age to the present day.
Jericho (West Bank)
At the very foot of the Judean Mountains, opposite the confluence of the Jordan into the Dead Sea, is the most ancient city on earth - Jericho. Traces of settlements dating back to the 10th-9th millennium BC were found here. e. It was a permanent site of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A culture, whose representatives built the first wall of Jericho. The defensive structure of the Stone Age was four meters high and two meters wide. Inside it was a powerful eight-meter tower, which, obviously, was used for ritual purposes. Its ruins have survived to this day.
The name Jericho (in Hebrew Jericho) according to one version comes from a word with the meaning "smell" and "fragrance" - "reach". According to another, from the word moon - "yareah", which the founders of the city could revere. We find the first written mention of it in the book of Joshua, which describes the fall of the walls of Jericho and the capture of the city by the Jews in 1550 BC. e. By that time, the city was already a powerful fortified fortress, whose system of seven walls was a real labyrinth. Not for nothing - Jericho had something to defend. It was located at the crossroads of three important trade routes of the Middle East, right in the middle of a flourishing oasis with plenty of fresh water and fertile soil. For the inhabitants of the desert - the real promised land.
Jericho was the first city to be captured by the Israelites. It was completely destroyed, and all the inhabitants were killed, with the exception of the harlot Rahab, who had previously sheltered Jewish spies, for which she was spared.
Today, Jericho, located on the West Bank of the Jordan, is a disputed territory between Palestine and Israel, remaining in a zone of constant military conflict. Therefore, visiting the most ancient and rich in historical sights of the city is not recommended.
Damascus: "eye of the desert" (Syria)
Damascus, the current capital of Syria, is fighting for the first place with Jericho. The earliest mention of it was found in the list of conquered cities of Pharaoh Thutmose III, who lived in 1479-1425 BC. e. In the first book of the Old Testament, Damascus is mentioned as a large and well-known center of trade.
In the 13th century, the historian Yaqut al-Humavi claimed that the city was founded by Adam and Eve themselves, who, after being expelled from Eden, found refuge in the cave of blood (Magarat ad-Damm) on Mount Qasyun on the outskirts of Damascus. The first murder in history described in the Old Testament also took place there - Cain killed his brother. According to legend, the self-name Damascus comes from the ancient Aramaic word "demshak", which means "brother's blood." Another, more plausible version says that the name of the city goes back to the Aramaic word Darmeśeq, which means “well-irrigated place”.
It is not known for certain who first founded the settlement near Mount Kasyun. But recent excavations at Tel Ramada, a suburb of Damascus, have shown that humans settled the area around 6300 BC. e.
Byblos (Lebanon)
Closes the top three of the most ancient cities - Byblos, known today as Jbeil. It is located on the Mediterranean coast, 32 km from Beirut, the current capital of Lebanon. Once it was a large Phoenician city, founded in the 4th millennium BC, although the first settlements on this territory date back to the Late Stone Age - the 7th millennium.
The ancient name of the city is associated with the legend of a certain Biblis, who was madly in love with her brother, Kavnos. She died of grief when her lover fled to escape sin, and her shed tears formed an inexhaustible well of water that watered the city. According to another version, byblos in Greece was called papyrus, which was exported from the city.
Byblos was one of the largest ports of antiquity. He was also known for the spread of the cult of Baal there - the formidable god of the Sun, who "demanded" self-torture and bloody sacrifices from his adherents. The written language of the ancient Byblos is still one of the main mysteries of the Ancient World. The Proto-Biblic script, widespread in the second millennium BC, is still not decipherable, it does not look like any of the known writing systems of the Ancient World.
Plovdiv (Bulgaria)
Today it is customary to consider the oldest city in Europe not Rome or even Athens, but the Bulgarian city of Plovdiv, located in the southern part of the country between the Rhodope and Balkan mountains (the home of the legendary Orpheus) and the Upper Thracian lowland. The first settlements on its territory date back to the 6th-4th millennium BC. e., although Plovdiv, or rather, then Evmolpiada, reached its heyday under the peoples of the sea - the Thracians. In 342 BC. it was captured by Philip II of Macedon, the father of the famous Alexander, who named it Philippopolis in his honor. Subsequently, the city managed to be under Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman rule, which made it the second cultural center in Bulgaria after Sofia. In world history, Derbent has become an unspoken "checkpoint" between Europe and Asia. One of the most important sections of the Great Silk Road ran here. It is not surprising that he has always been a favorite object of the neighbors' conquests. The Roman Empire showed great interest in him - the main goal of the campaigns to the Caucasus by Lucullus and Pompey in 66-65 BC. was precisely Derbent. In the 5th century A.D. e. when the city belonged to the Sassanids, powerful fortifications were erected here to protect against nomads, including the fortress of Naryn-kala. From it, located at the foot of the mountain range, two walls descended to the sea, designed to protect the city and the trade route. It is from this time that the history of Derbent as a large city is counted.
We have already talked about strange, huge and very dangerous dinosaurs and others millions of years ago, but in fact, some of these animals have survived to this day. Having undergone minor changes, or without changing their appearance at all, some of these creatures have perfectly taken root in the modern world. From fearsome descendants of deep-sea prehistoric sharks to a species of ant that has been around for 120 million years, today we bring you 25 prehistoric animals that still exist today.
25. Shields (Tadpole shrimp)
The shield shield, officially known as Triops longicaudatus, is a freshwater crustacean resembling a miniature horseshoe crab. It is considered a living fossil because its basic prehistoric morphology has changed little over the past 70 million years, exactly matching the bodies of their ancient ancestors who inhabited Earth as far back as approximately 220 million years ago.
24. Lampreys (Lamprey)
The lamprey is a jawless fish with a toothed, funnel-like sucker mouth. While there are well-known cases of them burrowing their teeth into the flesh of other fish to suck out blood, only a small number of the 38 known species actually do so. The oldest fossilized lamprey skeleton was found in South Africa and dates back to about 360 million years ago, but it certainly bears a striking resemblance to modern specimens.
23 Sandhill crane
Sandhill crane, endemic to North America and northeastern Siberia, is a large and heavy bird, weighing up to 4.5 kilograms. A 10-million-year-old fossil found in Nebraska is believed to be a sandhill crane, but scientists aren't sure if it's the same species. However, another fossil of the Sandhill Crane dates back to 2.5 million years ago.
22. Sturgeon
The sturgeon, which lives in the rivers, lakes and coastal waters of the subtropical, temperate and subarctic zones, is sometimes called a "primitive fish" because its morphological characteristics have remained virtually unchanged compared to the oldest fossil of this species found, approximately 200 million years old. Unfortunately, overfishing, pollution and other types of habitat destruction have brought this fish to the brink of extinction, with some species already on the brink of extinction.
21. Chinese giant salamander (Chinese giant salamander)
The Chinese giant salamander, the largest salamander and amphibian in the world, can reach a length of 180 centimeters. As a living member of the cryptobranch family (Cryptobranchidea) that appeared 170 million years ago, this unique creature is also considered critically endangered due to habitat loss, pollution and overfishing, as it is considered a delicacy and used in traditional Chinese medicine.
20. Ant from Mars (Martialis heureka ant)
This ant species was discovered in 2000 in the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. It is notable for its unusual morphology. The ant from Mars, belonging to the oldest known distinct genus that branched off from the ancestors of all other ants, has been estimated to have been roaming our planet for approximately 120 million years.
19 Goblin shark
The goblin shark, which can grow up to 4 meters long in adults, is a rare and poorly understood species of deep sea shark. Its strange and scary appearance indicates that this creature has its origins in the prehistoric era. The first direct ancestors of the goblin shark lived on Earth 125 million years ago. Despite the intimidating appearance and large size, this type of shark is practically harmless to humans.
18. Horseshoe crab
Horseshoe crabs are marine arthropods that live mostly in shallow ocean water on soft sandy or muddy bottoms. Considered the closest relative of the legendary trilobite, the horseshoe crab is one of the best-known living fossils, having remained virtually unchanged for an astounding 450 million years.
17. Echidna
Along with the platypus, the echidna is the only surviving mammal that lays eggs. Scientific studies show that echidnas diverged from platypuses approximately 48 to 19 million years ago. Their common ancestor was aquatic, but echidnas have adapted to life on land. Because of her very unusual appearance, the echidna was named after the "Mother of Monsters" in Greek mythology.
16. Hatteria (Tuatara)
Tuataria endemic to New Zealand grow up to 80 centimeters in length and are distinguished by a spiny ridge along the back, especially pronounced in males. Although they look like modern reptiles and lizards, their body structure is believed to have remained the same for 200 million years. For this reason, the tuatara is of great interest for studying the evolution of both lizards and snakes.
15. Frilled shark
The frilled shark, found at depths of 50 to 200 meters in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, is another scary-looking marine animal. This species of shark belongs to one of the oldest lineages of sharks still in existence, having been around since at least the end of the Cretaceous (95 million years ago) and possibly even the end of the Jurassic (150 million years ago).
14. Alligator snapping turtle
Vulture turtles, primarily found in the waters of the southeastern United States, are one of two extant genera of the Cayman turtle family, a prehistoric family of turtles with centuries of fossil history dating back to the Maastrichtian stage (72 - 66 million years ago) of the late Cretaceous period. Weighing up to approximately 180 kilograms, the vulture turtle is the heaviest freshwater turtle in the world.
13. Coelacanth
Coelacanth, endemic to the coastal waters of the Indian Ocean and Indonesia, is a genus of fish that includes two extant species of the approximately Latimeria family. Thought to be extinct until it was rediscovered in 1938, these species are more closely related to lungfish, reptiles, and mammals than to common ray-finned fish. It is believed that the coelacanth evolved into its current form approximately 400 million years ago.
12. Giant freshwater stingray
The giant freshwater stingray, one of the largest freshwater fish in the world, grows to almost 2 meters in diameter and can weigh up to 600 kilograms. Its thin, oval pectoral fin disc is estimated to have evolved around 100 million years ago. Like most of the animals on this list, this species is also on the brink of extinction due to overfishing and aquarium display, as well as habitat degradation.
11. Nautilus (Nautilus)
Found in the deep slopes of coral reefs in the Indian Ocean and the western central Pacific, the nautilus is a pelagic mollusk. Fossils found show that this creature has lived on Earth for an incredible 500 million years, which means that it has survived several mass extinctions and big changes on the planet. But then again, right now this species is probably closest to being permanently wiped out due to heartless human activity and over-harvesting.
10. Medusa
Jellyfish, found in every ocean from the surface to the deep, may have settled in the world's seas as early as 700 million years ago, making them the oldest polyorganic animals. The jellyfish is probably the only species on this list that may be increasing worldwide as a result of overfishing of their natural enemies. However, there are also some endangered species of jellyfish.
9. Platypus
This egg-laying animal with a duck's beak, a beaver's tail and otter's paws is often considered the strangest animal in the world. Not surprisingly, his appearance is rooted in the prehistoric era. While the oldest platypus skeletal fossil found by scientists so far is only 100,000 years old, the first platypus ancestor lived on the Gondwana supercontinent as early as 170 million years ago.
8. Long-eared jumper (Elephant shrew)
Widespread throughout southern Africa, long-eared jumpers are small, quadrupedal mammals that resemble rodents or opossums, but ironically more closely related to elephants. According to the fossil record, the first ancestors of this strange creature lived during the Paleogene period (66 - 23 million years ago).
7 Pelican
Surprisingly, these large, long-beaked waterfowl are among the living fossils that have changed little since prehistory. The fossil record shows that the pelican genus has been around for at least 30 million years. The oldest fossilized skeleton found in early Oligocene deposits in France bears a striking resemblance to the modern form of a bird, with a beak morphologically identical to that of extant pelicans.
6. Mississippi Carapace (Alligator Gar)
Mississippi shellfish, one of the largest freshwater fish in North America, often referred to as "primitive fish" or "living fossils" due to the fact that they retained some of the morphological characteristics of their earliest ancestors, such as a spiral valve and the ability to breathe and air and in the water. The fossil record traces the existence of the carapace to over 100 million years ago.
5. Sponge
It is difficult to measure exactly how long sea sponges have been on our planet, as estimates vary widely, but the oldest evidence for the existence of a sea sponge appears to be a 760-million-year-old fossilized skeleton recently discovered in stone.
4. Schelezub (Solenodon)
Slittooths are venomous, nocturnal, burrowing mammals. This small creature, endemic to several Caribbean countries, is often referred to as a living fossil because it has remained virtually unchanged over the past 76 million years, retaining the primitive mammalian characteristics typical of its prehistoric ancestors.
3. Crocodiles (Crocodiles)
Unlike the sandtooths and many of the other animals on this list, crocodiles really do look like dinosaurs. Including crocodiles, alligators, caimans, gharials and gharial crocodiles, this group appeared approximately 250 million years ago in the early Triassic period and their modern descendants still share many of the same morphological features of their distant ancestors.
2. Pygmy right whale
The pygmy whale, thought to be extinct until 2012 when it was rediscovered, is the smallest of the baleen whales. Since it is a very rare animal, little is known about its population or social behavior. What we do know for sure, however, is that the pygmy whale is a descendant of the Cetotheriidae, a suborder family of baleen whales that existed from the late Oligocene to the late Pliocene (28 to 1 million years ago).
1. Black-bellied disc-tonguing frog (Hula painted frog)
Even among the frogs, there are also living fossils. Like the pygmy whale, the black-bellied disc-tongued frog was thought to be extinct until it was rediscovered in 2011. The frog was originally thought to have existed for only 15,000 years, however, based on phylogenetic analysis, it has been estimated that the last direct ancestor of the frog existed approximately 32 million years ago, making the black-bellied disc-tonguing frog the only extant member of the genus.
largest freshwater fish
Catfish In the XIX century. in Russia common was caught catfish (Silurus glanis) 4.6 m long and weighing 336 kg. Nowadays, any freshwater fish that is longer than 1.83 m and weighs 90 kg is already considered large.
smallest freshwater fish
Pandaka The smallest and lightest freshwater fish is the pygmy pandaka (Pandaka pygmaea). This colorless and almost transparent fish lives in lakes about. Luzon, Philippines. The body length of males is 7.5-9.9 mm, and the weight is only 4-5 mg.
The smallest commercial fish
Sinarapan (Mistichthys luzonensis), a species of goby that is endangered and lives only in Lake Buhi about. Luzon, Philippines. Males are only 10-13 mm long, and it takes 70,000 fish to produce a 454-gram cake of dried fish.
The oldest fish
Eel In 1948 from the aquarium Helsingborg Museum, Sweden, reported the death of a female European eel (Anguilla anguilla) named Patti, who was 88 years old. It is believed that she was born in 1860 in the Sargasso Sea, North Atlantic, and was caught somewhere in the river at the age of 3.
The oldest goldfish
Golden crucian From China there have been numerous reports of goldfish - goldfish (Carassius auratus) living for more than 50 years, but only a few of these reports can be considered reliable.
most valuable fish
Beluga The most expensive fish is the Russian Beluga (Huso huso). A female weighing 1227 kg, caught in the Tikhaya Pine River in 1324, produced 245 kg of the highest quality caviar, which would cost $200,000 today.
Carp Far Eastern carp (C. Carpio) 76 cm long, champion of the most prestigious nationwide Japanese koi shows (koi is the Japanese name for carp) in 1976, 1977, 1979 and 1980, in 1982 was sold for 17 million yen. In March 1986, this ornamental carp was purchased by Derry Evans, owner of the Kent Koi Center, near Sevenoaks, c. Kent, UK, price not disclosed; 5 months later, the fish, which was 15 years old, died. She was made into a stuffed animal.
A fish that can climb a tree
Anabas Anabas, or crawler fish, found in South Asia, is the only fish that comes out on land and even climbs trees. She walks the earth in search of a more suitable habitat. Gills of climbing perch are adapted to absorb oxygen from moist atmospheric air.
The smallest toad
Black-breasted toad The smallest toad - black-breasted toad (Bufo taitanus beiranus), living in Africa. The largest specimen was 24 mm long.
The smallest frog
Cuban dwarf The smallest frog and at the same time the smallest amphibian - Cuban dwarf (Sminthillus limbatus) living in Cuba; the length of a fully developed individual from the tip of the muzzle to the anus is 0.85 - 1.2 cm.
The biggest toad
Yeah, the biggest known toad - yeah (Bufo marinus), living in the tropical zone of South America and in Australia. The mass of a medium-sized specimen is 450 g. In 1991, according to measurements, the weight of a male of this species named Prince, owned by Haken Forsberg from Akers Stiekebroek, Sweden, was 2.65 kg, and the length from the tip of the muzzle to the anus in extended state - 53.9 cm.
The largest frog
goliath frog Goliath frog (Conraua goliath), caught in April 1989 by a resident of Seattle, pcs. Washington, USA, by Andy Kofman in the Sanaga River, Cameroon, weighed 3.66 kg.
» dated 2001. Bold indicates the winning player in a trio. The winner of the game has his final score.
Issue 1 (516), January 5, 2001
Members:
Lada Chebakova (village of Sinegorye), Vladimir Shatokhin (Petropavlovsk), Pyotr Andreev (Irbit); (), (), (); (), (), ();
- Which piece of glass was called the Devil's cursed tool 500 years ago? (4 letters)
Issue 2 (517), January 12, 2001
Members:
Evgeny Shilov (Ivangorod), Ildira Safarova (Urgench), Nina Roman (Uzhgorod); Valentina Kirillova (Uchaly), Vladimir Kuznetsov (Apatity), Dmitry Ovchinnikov (Bryansk); Maxim Stepanov (Sobinka), Tamara Jaladyan (Moscow), Alexander Pisarenko (Oryol)(700 points);- What is the oldest musical instrument found so far? He is 34 thousand years old, he was made in the Stone Age from the mineral hematite, that is, from iron ore. Found in Khakassia. (7 letters)
- A musical instrument, which in the Middle Ages was considered a crude, common, primitive instrument, and which had to win its happiness in serious art for a long time. (7 letters)
- The development of what musical genre was facilitated by the appearance in the middle of the 19th century in the Russian village of accordion? (8 letters)
- Bells, like some other musical instruments, were received from the master who made these bells. The name given to one of his not very successful bells by a craftsman from Rostov the Great? By the way, this bell still delights listeners with its ringing. (5 letters)
- Profession of the master who was the first to make an accordion in Russia. A certain craftsman Ivan Sizov bought an Austrian-made harmonica at a fair in Nizhny Novgorod, dismantled it, and, since the man was incredibly talented, like any Russian left-hander, he immediately made it in his own way. I made an accordion in my own way, played it, showed it, and it suddenly became an incredible hobby for all the masters of this city. From there, the hobby grew into a nationwide one, just the whole country began to make harmonicas. (9 letters)
- In ancient times there were several such musical instruments, some of which have remained for the time being, and some of which have disappeared. Now folk groups have preserved these instruments in question. In ancient times, something else was tied to these spoons, to each spoon, and then the spoons sounded completely different. What in ancient times did musicians tie to these same spoons to make them sound better? (8 letters)
The player guessed the word and won the super prize: a computer.
Issue 3 (518), January 19, 2001
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Anvar Nadyrov (Nukus), Galina Skibinskaya (Krivoy Rog), Natalia Pokidova (settlement of Slobodzeya); Sergey Maltsev (Sochi), Anastasia Miroshnikova (Kharkov), Nadezhda Pushkareva (Voskresensk); Tamara Klimova (Moscow), Anna Shirshova (Shatsk)(850 points), Sergey Gubanov (Kurgan);
- What was the name of a coin of 2 kopecks in pre-Petrine times? (4 letters)
- The unit of weight of all coins is called a grain. What does this mean in translation? (5 letters)
- What was the name of the person who was in charge of collecting duties from beer producers in the Novgorod and Pskov republics, as well as in the Tver principality in the 15th-16th centuries? (7 letters)
- Who was taxed in Germany in the 17th century? (7 letters)
- What was the name of the 25 kopeck coin in Russia? (9 letters)
Issue 4 (519), January 26, 2001
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Eduard Polyakov (Slantsy), Valentina Bormotova (Lobnya), Andrey Andreev (Elabuga); Valentina Zhagarts (Kaliningrad), Alexander Veselov (village Khoschevatoe), Lyubov Volkorezova (Nikolaev); Serafima Budartseva (Zelenograd), Alexey Kozlov (settlement Nekrasovskoe)(700 points), Galina Shabokaeva (Tolyatti);- What, according to the rules of etiquette, a woman should not give a man? (7 letters)
- There is a tradition to open a bottle, pour a little for yourself, and then pour it to the others. Where did this custom come from? Previously, instead of a cork, the bottle was sealed with something. (5 letters)
- The word "etiquette" is borrowed from a French word. It, in turn, comes from the Greek "ethos". What does "ethos" mean in translation? (8 letters)
- According to etiquette, what is not customary to give a woman for the new year in France? (4 letters)
- What is not customary to give for the new year in China? (4 letters)
The player refused the super game.
Issue 5 (520), February 2, 2001
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Kubanych Asmonov (Bishkek), Angela Zheltukhova (Zaporozhye)(300 points), Ivan Kapelyushny (village of Ust-Zolikha); Almira Sabirova (Priyutovo village), Oleg Sotnik (Kharkov), Valentina Bogatova (v. Baklushi); Elena Tuchina (Novomoskovsk), Lydia Flew (v. Divin), Dmitry Snirtsev (Ryazhsk);
- What is the name of the country in which the first song historically appeared? (6 letters)
- What is the most dangerous animal in the world? (5 letters)
- The most common disease in the world. (7 letters)
- What was the name of the most important medal in Mother Russia since the time of Peter I? She weighed 6 kilograms and 800 grams. (2 words and 10 letters)
- Which bird has the fastest speed? From a great height, it develops a speed of up to 350 kilometers per hour. (5 letters)
- The oldest letter It has not changed its form since the Phoenician alphabet around 1300 BC. e. (1 letter)
The participant guessed the word and won a super prize: a washing machine.
Issue 6 (521), February 9, 2001
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Viktor Babaev (Stakhanov), Gulnara Valeeva (village of Chuvash Ford)(1,200 points), Boris Skorikov (Kharkov); Elena Okruzhnova (Petropavlovsk), Andrey Deryabin (Kamenka), Margarita Vernikova (Riga); Alexander Anikin (Liski), Olga Barshchevskaya (Chelyabinsk), Victor Magalinsky (Zelenograd);
- What important concept for cartography and geography was introduced by the founder of ancient Greek natural science Thales of Miletus in the 7th-16th centuries BC? (8 letters)
- What was the original name of the sea chart, which, in addition to the image of the coast, indicated the direction of the winds and other useful information? (6 letters)
- What was the name of the mythological king of Libya, who allegedly first invented the celestial compass? (5 letters)
- Toponymy, the science of geographical names, their origin and development, is closely related to cartography. How did Genoese travelers call the Crimean mountain Ayu-Dag on medieval maps? (7 letters)
- What does the word "globe" mean in Latin? (3 letters)
The participant refused the supergame.
Issue 7 (522), February 16, 2001
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Vladimir Malinin (Komsomolsk)(1,350 points), Tamara Nikolaeva (settlement Marevo), Alexander Belousov (Krasnoarmeysk); Nadezhda Maksimova (Kalyazin), Nikolai Pupyshev (Ulyanovsk), Alina Karpova (village Tomley); Vladimir Shishkov (Megion), Tatyana Peredriy (Selidovo), Sergey Alekseev (Omsk);- An object that came into use among the Incas after the conquest of South America by the Spaniards, because of which they were ready to give up all the gold, silver, everything they had, and everything was included, the most important, the most valuable. (8 letters)
- What is the famous mate tea a symbol of? (8 letters)
- An object traditionally made by the inhabitants of Brazil from ostrich feathers. (5 letters)
- A pregnant woman of the Amazonian Tupi-Kawahib tribe can eat anything, but after giving birth for 8 months, she has huge restrictions. The only thing she can eat for 8 months...? (9 letters)
- What does the word "Galapagos" mean in Spanish, from which the name "Galapagos Islands" comes from? (8 letters)
The player refused the super game.
Issue 8 (523), February 23, 2001
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Olga Smirnova (settlement Kozlovka), Gennady Dikunov (Nizhny Tagil), Lilia Gubankova (settlement Naked Cape); Valery Levkovets (settlement Bragin)(1,550 points), Lyudmila Bulavina (village of Ternovo), Ramil Salimov (city of Beloretsk); Evdokia Fedorenko (Yevpatoria), Nikolay Bykov (Karaganda), Olga Omelchenko (Bobrov);
- What was the name of a group of wandering buffoons since the 16th century? (6 letters)
- The word "comedy" comes from the ancient Greek word "como". What does this word mean in Russian? (3 letters)
- What was the name of the box in the theater in Russia during the time of Peter the Great? (5 letters)
- What was the name of the mask in the old days? (4 letters)
- In the 17th century, what was the name of the performance of the troupe before the start of the program in fair theaters to attract spectators? (5 letters)
The player refused the super game.
Issue 9 (524), March 2, 2001
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Margarita Krupskaya (Chernushki), Eduard Titov (Belomorsk)(2 250 points), Nadezhda Bezusova-Tkachenko (village Energetik); Alexey Brykov (Bagramovo village), Lyudmila Kucherenko (Zhigulevsk), Victor Bulyga (Rivne); Olga Tikhonova (Lugya village), Viktor Tishaninov (Voronezh), Alibek Kolcharoev (Osh);
- What fruit did the ancient Romans call "Armenian apple"? (7 letters)
- What word comes from the ancient Greek name for a dish of quince with honey? (8 letters)
- What is the name of the fruit plant, which is actually a prototype of the Christmas tree? The Slavs had a god Kernes. To propitiate him and get a good harvest, here on these candles were lit in the trees. From the Slavs, this custom passed to the Germans, who until the beginning of the 19th century grew this is by the new year to the tubs in the houses. (5 letters)
- What was the name of the infusion on roots, berries, leaves or herbs in Russia? (5 letters)
- On November 4, 1493, it is documented that the Europeans learned about the existence of one of the fruits, which until now they did not know anything about, since on this day the inhabitants of Guadeloupe treated the great navigator Christopher Columbus and his team to the fruits of this tree. What fruit are we talking about? (6 letters)
The player refused the super game.
Issue 10 (525), March 9, 2001
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Taisa Kozhemyakina (Moscow) (policeman), Alla Efanova (Moscow) (dressmaker), Oksana Reznikova (Moscow) (train driver); Raisa Bykova (St. Petersburg) (cook), Natalia Zheltova (Moscow) (engineer)(1,250 points), Tatyana Dmitrieva (Moscow) (engineer); Vera Ivashutina (Marx) (obstetrician), Sofya Svetlosanova (Moscow) (pilot), Vera Bagirova (Khimki) (teacher);
- What was the name of a cloth factory worker? (9 letters)
- What profession did Agatha Christie constantly indicate in the “occupation” column, already having hundreds of publications, already being a great writer? (4 letters)
- Practically the only profession that women could engage in in Russia in the 10th-15th centuries. (8 letters)
- What profession, as a rule, did the beloved women of Moscow firefighters have in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, according to Gilyarovsky? (7 letters)
The participant refused the supergame.
Issue 11 (526), March 16, 2001
Issue 12 (527), March 23, 2001
Issue 13 (528), March 30, 2001
Members:
Aziz Pariyev (Tashkent), Nelli Chernenko (Bryansk), Fedor Sheshukov (Tyumen); Nadezhda Yakovleva (Sosnovka settlement), Denis Oleinikov (Kirov), Victoria Kolomiets (Vyshneve)(950 points); Lilia Pavlova (Lgov-4), Vyacheslav Angelov (Dzerzhinsk), Ekaterina Gremchenyuk (worker in Novonikolaevsky settlement);
- What does the word "patient" mean in translation? (9 letters)
- The Roman poet Ovid thus expounded the views of a great Greek scholar on how a person should eat. “Pure milk moisture in fragrant honeycombs of sweet honey, which smells of fragrant grass, caraway, is not forbidden to you. Wastefully generously offers you all the benefits of the earth, ”- this is such a quote. What great scientist are we talking about, who formulated the rules of nutrition so that there is no excess weight? (7 letters)
- (5 letters)
- What is the name of the disease, from which, according to the ancient Greeks, cabbage helps? (8 letters)
- (5 letters)
The participant refused the supergame.
Issue 14 (529), April 6, 2001
Members:
Anna Dolya (Dubovoye village), Dmitry Bashkirov (Pavlovsk), Valentina Volkova (village of Stanichno-Luganskaya); Natalia Kripanova (village of Shabo), Vitaly Kirillov (city of Cheboksary), Lyudmila Smirnova (Galich)(1,100 points); Olga Kasperovich (Pinsk), Evgeny Orlin (Nikolaevsk-on-Amur), Kristina Ivanova (st. Kukharivka);
- What plant is called the forgotten houseplant? (7 letters)
- Which god is said to have created the violet? This god once became angry at curious mortals spying on Venus bathing. At her request, he turned them into big-eyed flowers. (6 letters)
- Many breed roses as houseplants. Here is a story connected with roses: in the city of Provins near Paris, a folk festival of roses was born, at which the most beautiful girl, the queen of roses, was chosen. She was called "rosiera", a pink wreath was put on her head. What word comes from this wreath? (5 letters)
- How was balsam used to be called in Mother Russia? (6 letters)
- What is the palm tree a symbol of? (6 letters)
The participant refused the supergame.
Issue 15 (530), April 13, 2001
Members:
Alexander Meshcheryakov (Suzdal), Ekaterina Razumova (Tolyatti), Mikhail Torchik (Gomel); Olga Mitrokhina (village of Baskakovo), Sadu Saadulev (Dagestan), Igor Shainovich (Terebovlya); Svetlana Chagarova (st. Zelenchukskaya), Galina Gaeva (Asbest)(1,500 points), Andrey Milovanov (Nizhny Novgorod);- Which mushroom in America is called the king of mushrooms? (7 letters)
- In ancient mythology, the deified drink Haoma played an important role. This drink consisted of milk and mushroom. What mushroom are we talking about? (7 letters)
- The mushroom, which the Germans for some reason call the "trumpet of death", and the British "cornucopia". What is the name of this mushroom? (7 letters)
- What is another name for valuya? There are different names for "bull", "cam". (9 letters)
- What was made in Russia from the caps of dung mushrooms? (7 letters)
The participant refused the supergame.
Issue 16 (531), April 20, 2001
Issue 17 (532), April 27, 2001
Members:
Alexander Chulichkov (Chebarkul), Minzallya Kiramova (Ufa), Anatoly Gonchar (village Zachatovka)(2,950 points); Tatyana Ivanenko (Novy Oskol), Dmitry Kachanov (Kayerkan), Vera Ryzhykh (Kurchatov); Anatoly Kovyazin (village Stepanovshchina), Irina Sinovets (Polotsk), Vladimir Zhilkin (Moscow);
- Until the 17th century, peasants and soldiers wore boots in Russia. Starting from the 17th century, at court, suddenly, they also began to wear boots made of a different material. Who revived the fashion for boots at court, starting from the 17th century? (7 letters)
- There is such a familiar word "sandals". This word is borrowed from the Greek language in the fundamental principle, the sole of the Roman and ancient Greek shoes was wooden, such straps are on top. This shoe had a certain name, which has a completely accurate translation. (6 letters)
- There are two details in the boot, which, according to tradition, was despised by the village old people, buffoons danced in such boots. When boots were being sewn, shoemakers did not use nails, but small wooden inserts, such pins, they were hammered in. There is one more detail that the village old people, according to tradition, always despised in Russia in a boot. (6 letters)
- The clothes and shoes of taiga travelers must be very strong. Insoles are obligatory for shoes so that the legs are stretched, so as not to be erased to bloody calluses. In Russia it was so accepted, such was the tradition. What are insoles traditionally made of? (5 letters)
- What shoes in Russian villages were not customary to wear for work? It was only worn only in exceptional cases, at a holiday in the villages. (7 letters)
- Who did the ancient Egyptians depict on the soles of their shoes? (4 letters)
The player didn't guess the word.
Issue 18 (533), May 4, 2001
Issue 19 (534), May 11, 2001
Members:
Svetlana Loshakova (Brest), Maria Svalova (Yekaterinburg), Valentin Yugovsky (Klintsy)(100 points); Marina Stepanova (Yaroslavl), Sergey Rushlevich (Molodechno), Elvira Yarkova (St. Petersburg); Olga Mogueva (Fryazino), Georgy Ponomarev (Veliky Novgorod), Tatyana Fufaeva (Ozyory);
- What was the name of a feast in ancient Russia in the 12th century? (4 letters)
- A festive delicacy common in Russia, which, in particular, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich sent as a gift to his bride Natalya Naryshkina. (8 letters)
- What is the name of a treat in the form of a ball, in the middle of which a boiled face is baked? (7 letters)
- After what, according to the decree of the Roman emperor Tiberius, it was necessary to bring the word "prosit"? By the way, in many countries now it is a toast, like our “Be healthy!”, in the sense of a wish for health. Where did this expression come from? (7 letters)
- Russians bake pancakes for Shrovetide, and Ukrainians...? (7 letters)
- Many tens and hundreds of years have passed, and for a long time in Russia a certain day, a certain holiday, during which porridge was necessarily eaten, has been preserved. This day is June 23 (old style) or July 6 (new style). On this day, as a rule, in Russia they ate oatmeal or buckwheat porridge and be sure to arrange competitions of cooks in the villages. On which saint's day was a particularly Russian holiday celebrated - the day of porridge? (8 letters)
The player guessed the word and won a super prize: a canteen from the Galina Blanca trademark.
Issue 20 (535), May 18, 2001
Members:
Alexander Azza (Novocherkassk)(100 points), Nina Savina (Balakovo), Alexey Alekseev (Tver); Olga Lomarenko (Kyiv), Sergei Makedonov (Ulyanovsk), Victoria Mashkina (Gorlovka); Vyacheslav Gilevsky (village Tyurinka), Larisa Moleva (settlement Shiringushi), Andrey Korobeinikov (Moscow);- What was the sheepskin sheepskin coat almost always called in Russia? (5 letters)
- What does the Dutch word "Jacques" mean, from which, by the way, the name of outerwear comes from? (8 letters)
- What was the name of the girl's clothes in Russia, consisting of two panels, gathered on a cord above the chest? (8 letters)
- What word comes from the ancient Roman name "toga" white? (8 letters)
- The name of what type of clothing entered the German language from Russian, and into Russian from Arabic? (4 letters)
- In the 16th century, in Venice, and then throughout the world, some inserts appeared in the neckline on the chest on dresses. What does the name of this insert mean in French? In French, it sounds like "shemisette". (7 letters)
The player guessed the word and won a super prize: a refrigerator.
Issue 21 (536), May 25, 2001
Members:
Varvara Golosova (Pavlodar), Igor Timin (Kotelnich), Svetlana Lyubimova (Novocheboksarsk); Nina Malyugina (village of Mortka), Sergey Sherstov (village of Berezovskoe), Samaya Abbasova (Baku)(300 points); Lilia Osadchaya (Voronezh), Irina Sobalskaya (Moscow), Evgenia Gorn (Shchekino);
- What breed of dogs were the constant companions of wandering musicians in ancient times? (6 letters)
- One of the oldest dog breeds. According to sources cited in the literature, it is known for sure that this breed of dog is about 6,000 years old. (8 letters)
- What breed of dogs did King Ashurbanipal like to hunt lions with? (6 letters)
- What does the name of the breed "Schnauzer" mean in German? (5 letters)
- What does Diogenes think stray dogs represent? (7 letters)
- What mythological character is associated with the legend about why a dog has a cold and wet nose? (3 letters)
The participant guessed the word and won a super prize: a home theater.
Issue 22 (537), June 1, 2001
Members:
Sergey Somov (Moscow), Sergei Nikoforov (Pskov), Natalya Kotelnikova (Tver); Alexander Tepkin (Tver), Andrey Lisitsyn (Tver), Alexander Kuts (Moscow)(850 points); Tatyana Fedorchenko (sanatorium "Trekhbratsky"), Viktor Kocherov (Tver), Alexander Valuy (Moscow);
- What does the word "avis" mean in translation, from which the word "aviation" comes? (5 letters)
- What does the word "airship" mean in French? (11 letters)
- On July 15, 1923, four five-seater passenger aircraft were handed over to the first Russian civil aviation enterprise Dobrolyot at the Khodynka field in Moscow. They were called "Prombank", "VSNKh", "ODVF" ... What was the name of the fourth aircraft? (8 letters)
- The first sortie on an airplane was recorded in February 1911 in Mexico during the revolution of 1910-1918. A tour pilot, earning money from demonstration flights, conducted reconnaissance of the rebel fortress in the interests of government troops. The pilot received not only the necessary data, but, in fact, suppressed the entire defense of the opponents, completely frightened them away by dropping one object on their heads. What is he dropped? Why did they flee in different directions and surrendered the fortress almost without a fight - were they so scared? (8 letters)
- What is considered historically the first aircraft in history? (4 letters)
- Sergei Ivanovich Utochkin in 1910-1913 was the most famous aviator in Russia, but even before that, in 1909, Sergei Ivanovich made a flight in a balloon. Surprisingly, it is a fact that a famous writer flew with this man, with this future great famous aviator. Who? (6 letters)
The player guessed the word and won the computer (at the request of the winner).
Issue 23 (538), June 8, 2001
Members:
Valentina Kartashova (Zhodino), Zinaida Kuznetsova (p. Pizhma), Valentina Dudarova (Morozovo); Galina Kerenchuk (Nesterov), Tatyana Dziuba (Novonikolaevsk), Sergey Kumov (Moscow); Irina Lyyurova (Syktyvkar), Darvesh Yusov (Samara), Elena Balyka (Bobruisk);Issue 24 (539), June 15, 2001
Members:
Dmitry Dukhanin (Alushta), Inga Akseenko (Severny village), Eduard Sokolov (Moscow); Alexey Nikolaev (Novomoskovsk), Olga Zhdanova (Borodino), Vasily Isakov (village of Ilyinsko-Podomskoe); Natalia Melnichenko (Mariupol), Konstantin Smolyak (Krichev), Galina Yakunina (Myski);
Issue 25 (540), June 22, 2001
Members:
Tamara Korobova (Voronovo)(800 points), Anatoly Fedorchuk (Ruzhany), Victoria Orlovskaya (Korosten); Lyudmila Ionenko (Pavlodar), Farhod Makhmudov (Khujand), Larisa Paramonova (Samara); Vasily Tulikov (Perm), Bulbahor Radzhabova (v. Yangi-Turmush), Viktor Zudkov (Moscow);- About what kind of fish on the Volga do they say that there is no more stupid than it? (5 letters)
- What fish can live the longest in the air up to 300 hours? (6 letters)
- Since ancient times, sturgeon fish have been valued for their unusual tasty qualities, they are so valued that money with the image of what kind of fish was minted in the ancient Greek colonies on the Black Sea? (6 letters)
- What is the name of a fishing net woven at the top? (5 letters)
- The patron saint of fishermen in pagan Russia. Who is it? (7 letters)
- The name of one of the oldest fish; the heyday of this family came 100-200 million years ago, when dinosaurs still lived on earth. (5 letters)
The participant guessed the word and won the super prize: a computer
Issue 26 (541), June 29, 2001
Members:
Ibragim Bodaev (village Srednyaya Yeluzan), Valentin Shainurov (village Shmidtovka), Elena Eyvazova (Moscow); Nadezhda Dolgaya (Zhiletovo), Oksana Shcherbakova (Zernograd), Sergey Sosnovsky (Bagerovo settlement); Vyacheslav Vlasenko (Goryachiy Klyuch), Elena Abasheva (Moscow), Larisa Mitrofanova (Artyomovsk)(1,250 points);
- What was the name of the national Russian game with animal bones? (5 letters)
- What does the English word “hook” mean in translation, from which, in fact, the name of the game hockey came from? (6 letters)
- What folk game originated from the old Russian custom of kidnapping the bride on the night before Ivan Kupala? (7 letters)
- There is such an old game, with the help of which patience and attentiveness are developed, and with a bunch of tiny little things: glasses, hammers, hearts heaped on the table. It is necessary to choose one with a small hook so as not to disturb the others. What are these little toys called? (8 letters)
- The history of this game and the legends associated with it are very diverse and interesting. In Turkey, for example, they call it “Do you love your neighbor?”, In Holland, they believe that this game comes from ancient customs, when boys and girls went to the forest to look for birds, bugs, and pick flowers in the field to make sure: spring has come. What game are we talking about? (6 letters)
The participant refused the supergame.
Issue 27 (542), July 6, 2001
Members:
Julia Pavlova (v. Ushaki), Valery Shulga (Taganrog), Elena Purtova (Shadrinsk); Svetlana Yakimova (Mozhga)(250 points), Natalia Malysheva (Sheremetyevo village), Alexandra Popova (Minsk); Irina Anisimova (settlement of Ilyinsky), Nadezhda Sokolenko (settlement of Revda), Maria Gorodova (Minsk);
- What dish did Empress Catherine the Great prefer? (7 letters)
- One of the favorite common foods of Elizaveta Petrovna, which irritated her French chef with her unrefinedness. (8 letters)
- With all his untold riches, Pavel Grigorievich Demidov adhered to moderation in food and spent 6-7 rubles on the table per month. What did he like to eat for lunch? (7 letters)
- Peter I often went to have breakfast in the taverns he created himself called "Asteria". What, besides rye bread, did the tsar's breakfast usually consist of? By the way, Peter's day began at 3-4 o'clock in the morning. (5 letters)
- What drink, except for 14 mugs of vodka, 24 buckets (that's about 30 liters of wine), 47 buckets of honey, 23 buckets of beer, was served at the table of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich on November 12, 1667? (4 letters)
- What was his favorite drink Pushkin jokingly said: “Why should we drink tea, here it is - our national drink!”? (7 letters)
The participant guessed the word and won a super prize: a canteen from the Galina Blanca trademark.
Issue 28 (543), July 13, 2001
Members:
Stanislav Lyashchenko (Lugansk), Alena Yarova (Aleksandrov), Vdazhimir Smirnov (Penza); Anatoly Verigin (Ipatovo village), Evgenia Galovicheva (Omsk), Irza Ismailov (Vidnoye village); Ninel Tsvetkova (Vinnitsa), Sergey Kuznetsov (Vileiko), Galina Shestakova (village of Ignatievo);
Issue 29 (544), July 27, 2001
Issue 30 (545), August 3, 2001
Members:
Olga Kholodilova (Yaroslavl)(2,100 points), Alexander Shurupov (St. Petersburg), Nikolai Nagorny (Moscow); Marina Serykh (Komsomolsk-on-Amur), Almaz Valiullin (Omsk), Alexander Khoroshev (Bryansk); Erika Komarova (Nevinnomyssk), Dmitry Danilenko (Moscow), Yuri Kholikov (Smolensk);- The first Russian trains consisted of four classes of carriages. What were the most comfortable and expensive cars called? (8 letters)
- What was the original name of the locomotive, which was invented by the Cherepanov brothers? (7 letters)
- What was the name of the trolley that was used on the first Russian railway built by Pyotr Kuzmich Frolov? (9 letters)
- What goods at the end of the 19th century could be found on Sundays and holidays in the morning only in station buffets? (5 letters)
- What was the name of the entertainment establishment that was built near the railway in Pavlovsk in order to attract people from the capital there? (6 letters)
- What was the name of the staff of the Petersburg-Moscow railway? (6 letters)
The participant guessed the word and won a super prize: a car.
Issue 31 (546), August 10, 2001
Members:
Olga Kochergina (Rasskazovo), Sergey Usmanov (Voznesensk), Alexandra Bagiryan (Malakhovka); Igor Kuznetsov (Aleksin), Margarita Timofeeva (Yekaterinburg), Tatyana Subotko (Drogichin); Zumrad Juraeva (Tashkent)(1,200 points), Sergey Rusakov (village of Eskhar), Svetlana Zhuravleva (Gatchina);
- In ancient Greece, a person of this profession walked the streets and informed citizens about the news. In England and France in the Middle Ages, he walked with a bell, and after the latest news, he transmitted paid messages from customers, usually merchants and owners of drinking establishments. What was the name of this profession in the Middle Ages? (8 letters)
- What was the name of the premises for the sale or storage of grain or flour? (5 letters)
- What was the tax for the right to have a warehouse called in Russia? (8 letters)
- Auctions play a huge role in the flower bulb industry in Holland. In the past, the sale of bulbs took place when the bulbs were still in the fields and the future buyer did not know exactly what he was buying. What was the name of such an auction when a tulip bulb was sold at a time when it was still in the ground? (7 letters)
- What product in the 19th century, according to all foreign merchants traveling along the Volga, was the most lively? (6 letters)
- In one epic about a certain man who built a ship in order to sail somewhere, this merchant built several ships in order to set off on a journey to overseas countries to trade goods. It was said about him in the epic legend as follows: "He built himself a ship, built the stern in it like a goose, and the nose in it was like an eagle." What was the name of this shipbuilder? (5 letters)
The participant guessed the word and won the super prize: a computer.
Issue 32 (547), August 17, 2001
Members:
Maria Belyaeva (settlement Ivanovshchina), Vitaly Romanov (Labytnangi), Irina Musinova (Fergana); Roza Kotikova (Cherepovets), Nikolay Zhuravlev (Tula), Natalia Fedotova (Kurgan); Roman Kiselyov (Abakan), Evgeny Kalinin (Novodvinsk)(500 points), Olga Eremenko (Yasinovataya);- The name of which forest shrub in translation means "bear berry"? (8 letters)
- What does the word "bort" mean, from which beekeeping comes, that is, forest beekeeping, in contrast to the beekeeper? (5 letters)
- The name of which forest tree is translated from Latin "to catch birds", "Aucuparia"? (6 letters)
- What is the name of the country that helped the Spaniards in planting forests instead of those cut down by the first settlers? (6 letters)
- The name of a saint who was considered in Russia the patron saint of all forest animals. (6 letters)
- What does the Latin name for oak mean in translation? It is called in Latin "Quercus". (8 letters)
The player guessed the word and won a super prize: a washing machine.
Issue 33 (548), August 24, 2001
Issue 34 (549), August 31, 2001
Issue 35 (550), September 7, 2001
Members:
Yuri Babenko (Feodosia), Svetlana Kryuchkova (Shakhunya)(2 550 points), Viktor Bokovoy (village Sholokhovskiy); Yuri Putyakov (village Nizhnee Turmyshevo), Svetlana Bogdanova (Nyandoma), Zlislav Tropuk (Postavy); Julia Gorelova (Yarnevo), Andrey Leshenko (st. Kanevskaya), Anna Stratyuk (Zhytomyr);
- What was the name of the bridgeman's assistant, that is, the ancient Russian builder of bridges and roads? (5 letters)
- There is such an expression - "rake in the heat with the wrong hands." There was such a profession of people who raked in the heat. What did they collect? (6 letters)
- What was the name of the uncle-educator of the young prince? In well-born Russian noble families, the educator of the young offspring of a well-born family was called that. Most often, there was a retired soldier or sailor called up from the crew. (8 letters)
- What was the name of the village watchmen who announced dangers? (6 letters)
- One of the most essential professions is a civil engineer. What does the word "engineering" mean in translation, from which the word "engineer" comes from? (6 letters)
The participant refused the supergame.
Issue 36 (551), September 14, 2001
Issue 37 (552), September 21, 2001
Members:
Valery Tolstov (village of Bolshoe Karachkino), Elena Sysoeva (v. Old Uryup), Victor Rudchuk (Krasnoyarsk); Larisa Gyrla (Vyksa), Nikolai Ogayan (Yerevan), Sergey Gorbatyuk (Pervomaisky); Sergei Kostylev (Verkhny Ufaley), Alla Martirosyan (Gomel)(1,200 points), Ilshat Salihyanov (village Ilmetovo);- The fur hat, known since the times of ancient Russia, had four blades; two large ones covering the ears and cheeks (they were wrapped around the neck and tied at the back of the head), and two small ones that covered the back of the head and forehead. What was her name? (7 letters)
- The name of which headdress comes from the German word for a bag for gunpowder or cartridges? (6 letters)
- The beret appeared in Western Europe in the 12th century. This headdress got its name from the Latin word "berus". What does this word mean in translation? (7 letters)
- What was the name of the home-made poor man's cap made of coarse wool, the brim of which turned away and occupied the entire crown almost to the very top? (7 letters)
- What kind of headdress did Paul I prohibit to wear in Russia? Anyone who disobeyed this decree and wore this headdress was beaten on the head with a stick. (7 letters)
- The name of which headdress in Persian means "nettle cloth"? (6 letters)
The participant did not guess the word.
Issue 38 (553), September 28, 2001
Issue 39 (554), October 5, 2001
Members:
Valentina Kablukova (Kirov)(2,050 points), Sergey Varlankin (Ludinovo), Alexander Fagin (Mukhtolovo settlement); Nina Zholob (Svetlovodsk), Alexander Konishev (Nizhnevartovsk), Svetlana Mamchenko (Grodno); Lilia Lilisheiko (village of Krasnaya Sloboda), Viktor Kochnev (Petropavlovsk), Zumrad Rakhmatova (Tashkent);- The oldest type of cutlery. (3 letters)
- Name the element in the table setting, next to which the most honored guests were planted since ancient times. (7 letters)
- What was the Tatar name for a gourd vessel for storing alcoholic beverages? (5 letters)
- What is a pot with two handles and two handles called? Since ancient times, such a pot existed in Russia. (5 letters)
- What cooking item was introduced by the 1720 maritime charter in the navy? (8 letters)
The participant refused the supergame.
Issue 40 (555), October 12, 2001
Members:
Svetlana Zhurakovskaya (Mariupol), Enver Mustafin (Kazan), Vera Tula (Kherson); Elena Vrublevskaya (Dno), Pavel Ivanov (St. Petersburg), Tatyana Scaretnova (Ishim); Vasilisa Imaykina (Ichalki village), Myrzakul Ismanova (Arashan village), Vitaliy Ivannitsa (Donetsk)(600 points);- What aquatic plant has always been called that? They called him in Russia overcome-grass. (8 letters)
- What does the ancient Egyptian word "papu" mean, from which the word "papyrus" is derived? (7 letters)
- What was made from algae in France in the 17th century? (5 letters)
- What is another name for wild rosemary? (9 letters)
- What does the lotus flower symbolize in India? (7 letters)
The player refused the super game.
Issue 41 (556), October 19, 2001
Members:
Yuri Navolnev (Druzhkovka), Ludmila Kustina (Volgograd), Viktor Kalinichenko (Rivne); Yuri Agamov (Moscow)(1,000 points), Lyudmila Kalinovska (Kobrin), Sergey Zdor (Liski); Evgenia Kutrenkova (Mikhailovka), Boris Barvinok (Sevastopol), Vladimir Osadchy (Kremenchug);
- What was the name of the festival that accompanied the consent of the bride's parents to marriage in Russia? (5 letters)
- What was the symbol of marital fidelity in ancient times? (6 letters)
- What gift was the most expensive and desired for the bride? (4 letters)
- What traditional wedding gift do village women in Cyprus say to young people? (6 letters)
- What, according to an old folk sign, should be given to a newborn immediately after weaning, so that he never becomes a drunkard, grows up a healthy and strong person? (6 letters)
- The name of the ancient Russian goddess-patron of love and marriage. (4 letters)
The player guessed the word and won a super prize: a home theater.
Issue 42 (557), October 26, 2001
Members:
Marina Andreeva (Nizhny Novgorod), Konstantin Danilin (Vladivostok), Svetlana Tseplyaeva (Dolgoprudny); Svetlana Dmitrieva (Irkutsk), Andrey Kazakov (Samara), Yana Shorokhova (Rostov-on-Don); Marina Lashmanova (Podolsk)(1,850 points), Nikolai Tsymbal (Mangitogorsk), Evgeny Murmuridis (St. Petersburg);
- What goods were forbidden to be imported into England in the 14th century? (6 letters)
- What goods were forbidden to be imported into Venice in the 15th century? (6 letters)
- What goods were forbidden to be imported into Florence in the 15th century? (5 letters)
- What was the name of a senior customs officer in ancient Russia? (6 letters)
- What drink was called customs kvass in the 19th century? This is an informal name among customs officers. (10 letters)
The participant guessed the word and won a super prize: a set of upholstered furniture.
Issue 43 (558), November 2, 2001
Members:
Stalin Savin (village of Birino), Mikhail Revin (Izhevsk), Lyudmila Trushkina (village Dictatorship); Lyudmila Vasyakina (Kazan), Alexandra Ostapenko (Polyarnye Zori), Alexander Matasov (village Zimovniki)(250 points); Tatiana Kobylchenko (village of Borovoye), Alexander Chernov (Gornyak), Vladimir Glushkov (village Urgaksh);- A certain Hans Moritz Airman, a native of the city of Nuremberg, was in Russia in 1669 as part of the retinue of Count Christian Horn. In his travel diaries, he wrote: “In general, in almost no country you will find that people are so valued here this is like in this very Moscow. (4 letters)
- What was strictly forbidden in Moscow in the 17th century under the threat of a huge fine or imprisonment? (7 letters)
- From what word does the name of the Moscow settlement of people engaged in any one craft come from? From here, in an amazing way, this word, slightly transformed, went beyond the boundaries of the Moscow state. (7 letters)
- What was the name of the village on the outskirts? (7 letters)
- According to the most common version of the origin of the names of one of the most famous streets in Moscow, the Arbat, it is based on the Arabic word "rabad". (9 letters)
- What was the name of the watchman at the gates of the Kremlin in the old days? (8 letters)
The player guessed the word and won a super prize: an all-terrain vehicle.
Issue 44 (559), November 9, 2001
Members:
Leonard Kolodkin (Moscow), Olga Mulyukina, later Sergey Goryachev (Kaluga), Alexander Kozlov (Nizhny Novgorod); Evgeny Kuropov (Ryazan), Eduard Idrisov (Kazan), Galina Nikolaeva (Pskov); Alexander Bibikov (Zelenograd), Alexei Ilyishenko (Voronezh), Viktor Kopchenov (Arzamas); Answer: Truth Answer: Salary Answer: Walker Answer: Yabednik Answer: Shish
The participant guessed the word and won the super game.
Issue 45 (560), November 16, 2001
Members:
Viktor Kuznetsov (Zlatoust)(350 points), Ruslan Toskunov (Orel), Susanna Pazayan (village Olyavidovo); Vladimir Kuzin (Dolgoprudny), Vitaly Shmorgun (Seversk), Elena Palmova (Shakhunya); Tamara Digitayeva (v. Mishkino), Vladimir Tyukaev (Rivne), Oksana Shubina (Penza-32);- According to ancient Russian beliefs, this stone can make a person invisible. One who drinks from a cup made of this stone is able to understand the language of animals. What stone are we talking about? (7 letters)
- The name of this oil product comes from the Arabic phrase "luban jawi" (called "Javanese incense"), this word got into Russian, however, from French. (6 letters)
- What does the Assyrian word "sarpu" mean, from which the word "silver" comes? (4 letters)
- What mineral is called liquid ore by geologists? (4 letters)
- What oil product was called “yellow oil” in the middle of the 18th century? (7 letters)
The player guessed the word and won a super prize: a stove
Issue 46 (561), November 23, 2001
Members:
Andrey Voron (Minsk)(550 points), Anna Korotkova (Nizhny Novgorod), Leonid Skupeyko (Mukoshin); Valery Ruzin (Donetsk), Irina Karpova (Oktyabrsk), Vasily Fedchenko (Smela); Gelarom Muminova (Khujand), Vyacheslav Cheburakhov (Podolsk), Elena Gudkova (Mary);- What is the name of the winemaking term, which means the best of the “first fraction” of wine, from which the most exquisite high-quality wines are subsequently prepared? (7 letters)
- What is the name of the ancient measure of volume, equal to 40 buckets? (5 letters)
- Russian measure of liquid volume together with damask. Shtof is a foreign measure, here this is purely Russian, equals 1/12 of a bucket. (6 letters)
- The intoxicating drink honey in Russia was prepared for many centuries, in fact, until the 20th century it was an absolutely traditional drink. Certain rules for the production, storage and use of this drink were developed. For example, there was a simple way to find out the readiness of honey intended for long-term storage: this is. If it held, the honey is ready, if it sank, it is not ready. The traditional way in Russia. (4 letters)
- An ancient vessel for serving honey and beer, which were drunk round. (7 letters)
The player didn't guess the word.
Issue 47 (562), November 30, 2001
Members:
Irina Shiryaeva (settlement Oktyabrsky), Maria Solovyova (Moscow), Andrey Bogdanov (Chudovo)(700 points); Yuri Gribkov (Voronezh), Victoria Mikhailina (Kyiv), Elena Lapina (settlement of Gizema); Adolf Oleinikov (village Novoaidar), Nazili Karakizyan (Nizhny Novgorod), Oleg Bochkov (Moscow);
- What word, widespread in our life, comes from the name of one of the pieces of Italian Renaissance furniture? (5 letters)
- What was the name of the main type of furniture in the royal mansions during the time of Ivan the Terrible? (6 letters)
- Elevation, covered with carpets, where the highest state council of Turkey met. Hence the name of one of the types of furniture. (5 letters)
- What was the name of a small table with three legs in ancient Greece, at which guests were received? (7 letters)
- What was the name of the quilted mattress made of cotton fabric, which was placed on the bench under the featherbed? (8 letters)
The player didn't guess the word.
Issue 48 (563), December 7, 2001
Members:
Alexander Avertyuk (Brest), Rimma Muslyatdinova (n. Khirdalan), Vera Berezhnaya (Znamensk); Yuri Zhorev (Krasnoyarsk), Olga Kharitonova (Samara), Gennady Balobin (Olenegorsk); Anna German (Sochi), Anatoly Chaliapin (Shmygly), Alfiya Kudoyarova (Ufa); Answer: birch bark Answer: Brine Answer: Kumys Answer: Cow Answer: Rylnik
The participant guessed the word and won the super game.
Issue 49 (564), December 14, 2001
Members:
Valentina Spiridonova (Velikiye Luki), Anna Kalashnik (Zorinsk), Vyacheslav Ponomarenko (Vinnitsa); Olga Petrova (Smorgon), Elena Zabolotskaya (Moscow)(2,200 points), David Bekterov (village Zhetybai); Elizaveta Mikhaleva (Tchaikovsky), Oksana Kudareva (Smolino settlement), Eduard Pimenov (v. Kortkeros);
- What has been the main medicine since the 11th century, when it was discovered in the Italian city of Salerno? Removes excess moisture, revitalizes the heart, cures colic, paralysis, fever, soothes toothache and protects against plague. (5 letters)
- An ailment from which, according to the ancient Greeks, cabbage helps. (8 letters)
- A disease whose name is a native Russian word. (5 letters)
- What does the word "pharmacy" mean in Greek? (5 letters)
The participant refused the supergame.
Issue 50 (565), December 21, 2001
Members:
Natalia Lautina (village Lautino), Valentina Morozova (Noginsk), Yuri Ivashutin (Marx); Viktor Boyko (Vinnitsa), Lidia Kashaeva (Odessa), Olga Petrova (Moscow); Natalya Gurmulova (Balabanovo)(1,350 points), Anatoly Lebedev (Ordzhonikidze), Anna Popova (v. Veshchatoe);- What was the name of the first Eskimo language book published in Greenland in 1739? (6 letters)
- A Greenlandic proverb says: "The glory of the hunter is in the hands - ...!", and people live on the island. (4 letters)
- What animal did the Tahitians call a pig with teeth on its head? What animal are we talking about? (6 letters)
- An animal worshiped by the Eskimos. It was considered a representative of antiquity and wisdom, it is impossible to kill in any case. The Eskimos believed that these they lead the same way of life as people do. (4 letters)
The participant refused the supergame.
