In most cases, this one. "most of the time" in books. Most antique maps do not have their year of manufacture written.

Personality picture. Since in most cases it is not possible to clearly date the onset of the disease, it is difficult to talk about the situation causing it.

Since in most cases it is not possible to clearly date the onset of the disease, it is difficult to talk about the situation causing it. However, certain internal conflicts have been described as causal situations (Gentry, et al., 1982; Irvine, et al., 1991; Saab, Schneiderman, 1993). Arterial hypertension often begins when a person is in a situation of chronic tense expectation (Grace, Graham, 1952). Typical statements of hypertensive patients: “I have to be ready for anything”, “I am such that I take on all the difficulties”, “no one will hold me back, I am ready for anything”. The provocative situations are often prolonged states of fear, lack of time, and increasing tension. In addition, situations are described in which there is a possibility of discharging hostility and aggressiveness, but this does not happen due to inhibition or scrupulousness.

Numerous experiments with both animals and humans have shown that fear, anger and anger increase blood pressure and that chronic emotional stress can lead to persistent hypertension (Coeher, 1971, Groen et al., 1971; Angermeier, Peters, 1973; Cannon , 1953; Reindell et al., 1971). It is generally accepted that hypertensive patients have chronically suppressed aggression associated with fear.

For patients with hypertension, a typical neurotic personality structure with a predominance of obsessive states is described, as a result of which internal and external conflicts often arise, which complicates emotional discharge (Groen et al., 1971).

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The fact that essential hypertension is common in members of the same family can be interpreted in terms of “psychological inheritance” (Hermann et al., 1989). Experimental studies show that patients with hypertension tend to increase blood pressure even in situations that do not cause any changes in pressure in normotonics (Hodapp, Weyer, 1982).

According to Alexander (2002), the central point of the psychodynamics of a patient with essential hypertension is the constant struggle with the growing hostile-aggressive feeling. At the same time, there are difficulties in self-affirmation. Patients are afraid of losing the favor of others and therefore control the manifestations of their hostility. During childhood, they are usually prone to bouts of rage and aggression. A formerly aggressive child, an adult becomes emphatically compliant, cannot stand up for himself. Understanding the possibility of losing, because of his aggressiveness, the disposition of family and friends forces the child to control his hostility and hide it. Patients with arterial hypertension are constantly irritable if faced with overwhelming resistance. Their life imposes on them the role of a "draft horse". They are stuck for many years in the same job and rarely change firms, even if they are underpaid. If they achieve leadership positions, it is difficult for them to become an authority for others. They do the work for others instead of discipline. From this over-conscientious and extreme behavior with an excessive sense of responsibility, heightened feelings of anger, dislike and aggressiveness are born, which over time require more and more efforts to contain them. This is how a vicious circle develops, which leads to a chronic state of tension. A characteristic situation that provokes the disease is life conflicts that mobilize hostility and the desire for self-affirmation and at the same time make it impossible to freely express them.

Initially, these traits were found in the observed behavior of patients. Further studies have shown that, in comparison with normotonics, their perception of conflict and stress is changed. For example, flight dispatchers are threatened by pressure not only

when they identify with their profession and are adaptive and courteous to coworkers, but also when they do not perceive and deny work stress (Rose et al. 1978).

In the formation of hypertension, direct interaction in the family also plays a role, which has been shown in studies of conflict behavior in families with a hypertensive father, in which the family was studied as a clinical unity, based on a systemic vision of symptoms (Baer et al., 1959, 1933; Ba-er , 1983).

The personality structure of a family member - for example, the conflict-aggressive impulse of hypertension - affects the interaction behavior of the family as a whole (“family accumulation” of essential hypertension). In every family, rules are formed between parents and children, according to which conflicts are regulated; in families with a hypertensive father, children have less effective opportunities for coping and resolving conflicts, as evidenced by the predominance of negative non-verbal communication in these families (for example, not giving an answer, turning your head away, avoiding eye contact). Various studies indicate that limited perception of conflict and stress and conflict avoidance correlate with the onset of high blood pressure, that is, these are the types of behavior that children acquire in the process of socialization in the family from a hypertensive father. This point of view, along with the genetic component, could reveal a complementary aspect of the possible reproduction of essential hypertension (Theorell, 1990; Luban-Plozza et al., 2000).

Family interaction is characterized by a kind of prohibition on speech or communication, which also affects the non-verbal sphere, as a result of which understanding, observing, controlling, inhibiting activities prevail, while giving, communicating, participating expressions rarely appear (Kroger, Petzold, 1985).

A single personality structure for all patients with arterial hypertension has not been established. However, with the widespread and wide variety of forms of the disease, this should not be expected.

And yet, among the psychosomatically examined pre-selected patients, certain personality traits are constantly repeated. Hypertensive patients are described

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as hardworking people, committed to duty, sociable, with a great sense of responsibility. In this regard, they have internal and external conflicts from which they cannot emotionally distance themselves. In their specific attitude of modesty, they abandon their needs in favor of others, wanting to get their approval from them and not provoke aggression or hostility. It is these signs, described independently by different researchers as a willingness to help, shyness, chronically suppressed aggressiveness, and constitute the manifest personality traits, which are of great importance for the formation of characteristic reactions of suppressing needs perceived as dangerous. The manifest features of the perception of the environment and behavior in many hypertensive patients is a form of protection against their own aggressive impulses (Cottington et al., 1986; Diamond, 1982).

Most patients with essential hypertension usually lack proper awareness of their illness. From a psychoanalytic standpoint, outwardly incorrect neurotic behavior is ideologically justified by the desire to be active and to help people. But even with this unfavorable initial situation, in some cases, changes can be achieved if, thanks to the maturation of the personality, its one-sided orientation is eliminated and the person as a whole begins to orientate himself in life in a new way.

Manifest personality traits of a patient with arterial hypertension, his diligence and orderly behavior, contact, accuracy and conscientiousness impress, make him, it would seem, a pleasant, compliant patient. However, it should be remembered that a hypertensive person in most cases does not verbalize his aggressiveness, ambition and desire for rivalry, which often remain latent. This can be felt by trying to have a lasting impact on the patient's lifestyle. His low compliance with the necessary long-term therapeutic program, during which the patient usually cannot fulfill his needs and even cannot express his judgments and attitudes that contradict the therapeutic program, often complicates the relationship between the psychotherapist and the patient. In labor and family crisis situations, and especially in latent conflicts in relations with a psychotherapist, patients

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	Question No. 236146

Is there a rule governing the choice of two or two in compound words? How to guess that bilingual is written without X, and bilingual, for example, with X? Many thanks.

It is difficult to guess this without a dictionary. In most cases options with the first part two- and two- are equal, but a dictionary check is still required (for example, by the "Russian spelling dictionary" in the "Word check" on our portal).


	Question No. 235966

I always thought that German surnames are inclined. For example, Hitler, about Hitler, etc. However, I have acquaintances of Russian Germans who assure that their surname is not inclined. How to be? Thank you in advance.