Home Flowers Wolf fat use in folk medicine. Medicinal properties of animal fats: use and contraindications. Contraindications and features of use for children

Wolf fat use in folk medicine. Medicinal properties of animal fats: use and contraindications. Contraindications and features of use for children

Where did the tradition of wearing crosses come from? Why wear it? “I believe in God in my soul, but I don’t need a cross. It is not written anywhere in the Bible that one must wear a cross, and nowhere is it written that the first Christians wore crosses.” This or something like this is what people say who consider themselves Orthodox Christians, but do not express their faith in any way. Most unchurched people do not have a Christian understanding of what a cross is and why it should be worn on the body. So what is it pectoral cross ik? Why does Satan hate it so much and does everything to ensure that no one wears it, or wears it simply as a meaningless decoration?

ORIGIN AND SYMBOLICS OF THE PATTERN CROSS

The custom of placing a pectoral cross on the neck of the newly baptized person along with Baptism did not appear immediately. In the first centuries of Christianity, they did not wear a cross, but rather wore medallions with the image of a slain Lamb or the Crucifixion. But the Cross, as the instrument of the salvation of the world by Jesus Christ, has been the subject of the greatest celebration among Christians from the very beginning of the Church. For example, the church thinker Tertullian (II-III centuries) in his “Apology” testifies that the veneration of the cross has existed since the first times of Christianity. Even before the presence in the 4th century of Queen Helena and Emperor Constantine life-giving cross, on which Christ was crucified, already among the first followers of Christ the custom was widespread to always have an image of the cross with them - both as a reminder of the suffering of the Lord, and to confess their faith before others.According to the story of Pontius, biographer of St. Cyprian of Carthage, in the 3rd century, some Christians depicted the figure of a cross even on their foreheads; by this sign they were recognized during persecution and handed over to torture. The first Christians are also known to wear a cross on their chest. Sources from the 2nd century also mention him.

The first documentary evidence of wearing crosses dates back to the beginning of the 4th century. Thus, Acts VII Ecumenical Council testify that the holy martyrs Orestes (†304) and Procopius (†303), who suffered under Diocletian, wore a cross made of gold and silver around their necks.

After the weakening and subsequent cessation of the persecution of Christians, wearing a cross became a widespread custom. At the same time, crosses began to be installed on all Christian churches.

In Rus', this custom was adopted precisely with the baptism of the Slavs in 988. Since Byzantine times, there have been two types of body crosses in Rus': the actual "vest" (worn on the body under clothing) and so-called. « encolpions" (from the Greek word “chest”), worn not on the body, but on top of clothing. Let's say two words about the last: initially, pious Christians carried with them (on themselves) a reliquary with particles of St. relics or other shrines. A cross was placed on this reliquary. Subsequently, the reliquary itself took on the shape of a cross, and bishops and emperors began to wear such a cross. The modern priestly and episcopal pectoral cross traces its history precisely to encolpions, that is, boxes with relics or other shrines.

Russian people swore allegiance on crosses, and by exchanging pectoral crosses, they became cross brothers. When building churches, houses, and bridges, a cross was laid in the foundation. There was a custom to cast many crosses from a broken church bell, which were especially revered.

The Cross of Christ is a symbol of Christianity. For modern man a symbol is just identification mark. A symbol is like an emblem indicating something with which we are dealing. But the symbol has a much broader meaning than just the meaning of the emblem. IN religious culture a symbol is involved in the reality that it symbolizes. What is the reality that the Cross of Christ symbolizes for Christians?.. This reality: The Redemption of the human race accomplished by the Lord Jesus Christ through the Death on the Cross.

The veneration of the Cross has always been understood by the Teachings of the Church as the worship of Jesus Christ in the light of His redemptive deed.The Cross of Christ, which Orthodox Christians always wear on their bodies, shows us and reminds us at what price our Salvation was purchased.

For Christians, the cross is not just a sign. For Christians, the cross is a symbol of victory over the devil, a banner of the triumph of God. The cross reminds the believer of Christ, of the sacrifice the Savior made for us.

MEANING OF THE CROSS

What does it symbolize? pectoral cross?

The cross is the greatest Christian shrine, a visible evidence of our redemption.

The cross, as an instrument of terrible and painful execution, thanks to the sacrificial deed of Christ the Savior, became a symbol of redemption and an instrument of salvation for all mankind from sin and death. It is on the Cross, through pain and suffering, death and Resurrection, that the Son of God accomplishes the salvation or healing of human nature from mortality, passion and corruption introduced into it by the fall of Adam and Eve. Thus, a person who wears the Crucifixion of Christ testifies to his participation in the suffering and feat of his Savior, followed by hope for salvation, and therefore the resurrection of a person for eternal life with God blessing.

ABOUT THE FORM OF THE PATTERN CROSS

A pectoral cross is not a talisman or a piece of jewelry. No matter how beautiful he is, no matter what precious metal it would not have been made, it is primarily a visible symbol of the Christian faith.

Orthodox pectoral crosses are very ancient tradition and therefore they are very diverse in appearance, depending on the time and place of manufacture.

The iconography of the Orthodox Crucifixion received its final dogmatic justification in 692 in the 82nd rule of the Trull Cathedral , who approved canon of the iconographic image of the Crucifixion .

The main condition of the canon is the combination of historical realism with the realism of Divine Revelation. The figure of the Savior expresses Divine peace and greatness. It is as if it were placed on a cross and the Lord opens His arms to everyone who turns to Him. In this iconography, the complex dogmatic task of depicting the two hypostases of Christ - Human and Divine - is artistically solved, showing both the death and the victory of the Savior.

Catholics, having abandoned their early views, did not understand and did not accept the rules of the Council of Trull and, accordingly, the symbolic spiritual image of Jesus Christ. This is how it arises in the Middle Ages new type The crucifixion, in which the naturalistic features of human suffering and the agony of execution on the cross become predominant: the weight of the body sagging on outstretched arms, the head crowned crown of thorns, the crossed feet are nailed with a single nail (an innovation at the end of the 13th century). The anatomical details of the Catholic depiction, while conveying the veracity of the execution itself, nevertheless hide the main thing - the triumph of the Lord, who defeated death and reveals to us eternal life, and concentrates attention on torment and death. His naturalism has only an external emotional impact, leading to the temptation of comparing our sinful sufferings with the redemptive Passion of Christ.

Images of the crucified Savior, similar to Catholic ones, are also found on Orthodox crosses, especially often in the 18th-20th centuries, however, as well as iconographic images of God the Father of Hosts, prohibited by the Stoglavy Cathedral. Naturally, Orthodox piety requires the wearing of an Orthodox cross, and not a Catholic one, which violates the dogmatic foundations of the Christian faith.

Most common form Orthodox cross- an eight-pointed cross, with a prayer most often written on the reverse side "Bless and save".

THE MEANING OF WEARING A CROSS AND THE INscription THAT WE READ ON ITS ARMS: “SAVE AND SAVE”


Christians who wear a pectoral cross seem to be offering a wordless prayer to God. And it always protects the wearer.

There is a widespread opinion among Christians that the cross of Christ, the image of God, the Lord Himself should protect us precisely from everyday troubles and troubles. And, of course, many of those who wear a pectoral cross are guided by precisely this pragmatic motive. But in fact, the meaning of wearing a cross and the inscription that we read on its back: "Bless and save", completely different.

In itself, the presence of a cross on the chest does not save and has no meaning for a person if he does not consciously profess what the Cross of Christ symbolizes. Although, of course, Lord, undoubtedly protects those who believe in him from many everyday misfortunes and troubles. That is, if a person wears a cross with faith and trust in the mercy of God, he, relatively speaking, is “included” in God’s special “plan” and nothing fatally irreparable will ever happen to him in eternity. The concept of “God’s plan” here means precisely the plan of our salvation, and not the management of the world on a wide, universal scale, because the whole world, of course, is contained by the right hand of God and is governed by His Divine providence. But, no matter how scary it sounds, it is precisely “necessary” and sometimes painful death that becomes for a person the door to the Kingdom of God. This does not mean that God wants such an end for us, but it does mean that those who have endured unjust torment will certainly find great consolation. If you like, this is the law of God.

So what does the Lord promise to save us from? Not from everyday troubles, misfortunes and difficulties in the first place, because all this can even be necessary for the soul, alas, prone to relaxation and forgetting the purpose of its existence. But The Lord promises to save us, first of all, from the terrible power of sin, through which the enemy of the human race destroys our souls. And this power is truly so great that not a single person can free himself from it on his own. But with God's help this is possible. Maybe! The Holy Fathers say: “The enemy is strong, but the Lord is omnipotent!”

Simple words "Bless and save" mean our tireless, from the bottom of our hearts, appeal to God with a request that He help us join a grace-filled eternity.

WHY SHOULD YOU WEAR A CROSS?

The pectoral cross is placed on us in the Sacrament of Baptism in fulfillment of the words of the Lord Jesus Christ: “Whoever wants to come after Me, turn away from you, and take up your cross and follow Me.”(Mark 8:34).

We must bear our cross in life, and the cross that is on our chest reminds us of this. Cross “there is always for believers great power, liberating from all evils, especially from the villainy of hated enemies,”- writes the saint righteous John Kronstadt.

When the Sacrament of Baptism occurs, When consecrating the pectoral cross, the priest reads two special prayers in which he asks the Lord God to pour into the cross heavenly power and so that this cross protects not only the soul, but also the body from all enemies, sorcerers, sorcerers, from all evil forces. That is why many pectoral crosses have the inscription "Bless and save!".

By the way, the question is often asked: should crosses sold in stores already be consecrated or should the cross be taken to church for consecration? The cross must be consecrated in the temple. Sprinkling it with holy water at home will not be enough - it must be illuminated by the priest, because... In the church, crosses are consecrated with a special rite.

Exists a superstition that when consecrated, a pectoral cross acquires magical protective properties. But superstitions should be avoided. The Church teaches that the sanctification of matter allows us not only spiritually, but also physically - through this sanctified matter - to join the Divine grace that we need for spiritual growth and salvation. But God's grace does not act unconditionally. A person is required to have a correct spiritual life according to God’s commandments, and it is this spiritual life that makes it possible for God’s grace to have a salutary effect on us, healing us from passions and sins.

For Orthodox Christian Wearing a cross is a great honor and responsibility.Taking off one's cross or not wearing it has always been understood as apostasy. Over the 2000-year history of Christianity, many people have suffered for their faith, for refusing to renounce Christ and take off their pectoral cross. This feat has been repeated in our time.

If you do not wear a cross now, when you can freely profess your faith, then you will hardly dare to put it on when you have to suffer for it. Can you repeat the feat of a simple Russian guy Evgeniy Rodionov ?


...He was a grenade launcher, served in the 479th Special Purpose Border Detachment. Zhenya served at the outpost in Chechnya for exactly a month, and on February 13, 1996, he was captured. Three of his friends were with him: Sasha Zheleznov, Andrey Trusov, Igor Yakovlev. They spent 3.5 months in captivity. During this time they were bullied as much as possible. But Evgeny had a choice, every day they came up to him and said: “You can live. To do this, you need to take off your cross, accept our faith, and become our brother. And all these nightmares will end immediately for you.” But Zhenya did not succumb to these persuasion; he did not remove the cross. And on May 23, 1996, on the Feast of the Ascension of the Lord, Evgeniy and his friends were killed in the village of Bamut. The day of Evgeniy’s death was also the day of his birth. He was only 19 years old. Zhenya was beheaded, but even with dead body Zhenya's enemies did not dare to remove the cross.

I think that this great feat of the warrior Eugene should serve as an example for many, for all those who, for such stupid reasons, do not wear a cross or wear it as some kind of decoration. Or they even change the holy cross for an amulet, a zodiac sign, etc.... Let's never forget about this! Remember this when wearing your cross.

ABOUT THE REVERENT REVERENCE OF THE NATURAL CROSS

The great Russian elders advised that You must always wear a pectoral cross and never take it off anywhere until your death. “A Christian without a cross,” Elder Savva wrote, he is a warrior without weapons, and the enemy can easily defeat him.” The pectoral cross is called that way because it is worn on the body, under clothing, never exposed (only priests wear the cross outside). This does not mean that the pectoral cross must be hidden and hidden under any circumstances, but still it is not customary to deliberately display it for public viewing. The church charter stipulates that you should kiss your pectoral cross at the end of the evening prayers. In a moment of danger or when your soul is anxious, it is good to kiss your cross and read the words “Save and preserve” on its back.

“Don’t wear your cross as if it were on a hanger,” Elder Savva of Pskov-Pechersk often repeated, — Christ left light and love on the Cross. Rays of blessed light and love emanate from the cross. The cross drives away evil spirits. Kiss your cross morning and evening, do not forget to kiss it, inhale these rays of grace emanating from it, they invisibly pass into your soul, heart, conscience, character. Under the influence of these beneficial rays, a wicked person becomes pious. Kissing your cross, pray for close sinners: drunkards, fornicators and others you know. Through your prayers they will improve and be good, for the heart gives the message to the heart. The Lord loves us all. He suffered for everyone for the sake of love, and we must love everyone for His sake, even our enemies. If you start the day like this, overshadowed by the grace of your cross, then you will spend the whole day holy. Let’s not forget to do this, it’s better not to eat than to forget about the cross!”

PRAYER OF ELDER SAVA WHEN KISSING THE NATIVE CROSS

Elder Savva composed prayers that should be read when kissing the cross. Here is one of them:

“Pour, Lord, a drop Holy Blood Yours into my heart, dried up from passions and sins and impurities of soul and body. Amen. In the image of fate, save me and my relatives and those I know (names)».

You cannot wear a cross as an amulet or as a decoration. Pectoral cross and sign of the cross there is only an external expression of what should be in the heart of a Christian: humility, faith, trust in the Lord.

The pectoral cross is a visible evidence of belonging to Orthodox Church, confession of the Christian faith, a means of grace-filled protection.

THE POWER OF THE CROSS

The cross is real power. Many miracles have been and are being performed by him. The cross is a great Christian shrine. In the service for the Feast of the Exaltation, the Church glorifies the tree of the Holy Cross with many praises: “The cross is the guardian of the entire universe, the beauty of the Church, the power of kings, true statement"Glory to angels and plague to demons."

The cross is a weapon against the devil. The Church can reliably speak about the miraculous, saving and healing power of the cross and the sign of the cross, citing experience from the lives of its saints, as well as numerous testimonies of ordinary believers. Raising the Dead, healing from illnesses, protection from evil force- all these and other benefits to this day through the cross show the love of God to man.

But the cross becomes an invincible weapon and an all-conquering force only under the condition of faith and reverence.“The cross does not do miracles in your life. Why? — asks the holy righteous John of Kronstadt and he himself gives the answer: “Because of your lack of faith.”

By putting a cross on our chest or making the sign of the cross on ourselves, we Christians testify that we are ready to bear the cross resignedly, humbly, voluntarily, with joy, because we love Christ and want to have compassion with Him, for His sake. Without faith and reverence, one cannot make the sign of the cross over oneself or others.

The entire life of a Christian, from the day of birth to the last breath on earth, and even after death, is accompanied by a cross. A Christian makes the sign of the cross upon waking up (one must accustom himself to make it the first movement) and when going to sleep - last move. A Christian is baptized before and after eating food, before and after teaching, when going out into the street, before starting every task, before taking medicine, before opening a received letter, upon unexpected, joyful and sad news, when entering someone else’s house, on a train, on on a steamship, in general at the beginning of any journey, walks, travel, before swimming, visiting the sick, going to court, for interrogation, to prison, to exile, before an operation, before a battle, before a scientific or other report, before and after meetings and conferences, and etc.

The sign of the cross must be done with all attention, with fear, with trembling and with extreme reverence. (Place three large fingers on your forehead and say: "in the name of the Father" then, lowering your hand in the same position on your chest, say: "and the Son" moving your hand to your right shoulder, then to your left, say: "and the Holy Spirit." Having done this on myself holy sign cross, conclude with a word "Amen". Or, when you draw a cross, you can say: “Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, a sinner. Amen".) Demons, as he writes Reverend Simeon The New Theologian, they are afraid of the image of the Cross and cannot stand to see the sign of the cross depicted even in the air, but they immediately flee from it. “If you always use the Holy Cross to help yourself, then “no evil will befall you, and no plague will come close to your dwelling” (Ps. 90:10). Protect yourself instead of a shield By the Honest Cross, imprint your members and heart with it. And not only put the sign of the cross on yourself with your hand, but also in your thoughts, imprint with it every activity you do, and your entrance, and your departure at every time, and your sitting, and your rising, and your bed, and any service... For very This weapon is strong, and no one can ever harm you if you are protected by it.”(Reverend Ephraim of Syria).

Glory, Lord, to Your Honest Cross!

Material prepared by Sergey SHULYAK

for the Temple Life-Giving Trinity on Vorobyovy Gory

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