Death

Biography

Early years. Agronomist

Nikolai Skalozubov was born on October 29, 1861 into a bourgeois family in the city of Kostroma, Kostroma Governorate.

In 1881 he graduated from the Kostroma Real School, and in 1885 (or 1887; incorrectly, in 1858) - the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy in Moscow; received the title of Candidate of Agriculture.

Skalozubov wanted to get a job as a teacher of natural history at some agricultural school, but was refused. As a result, until 1892 he worked as an insurance agent and agronomist-supervisor of the Krasnoufimsk district zemstvo (Perm province). In addition, he was the secretary of the Krasnoufimsk district zemstvo council and a statistician of the same county. He had an annual salary of 1200 rubles.

In 1888, Skalozubov, with the support of the director of the local real school N. A. Sokovin, organized a household census in the Krasnoufimsky district. He was a researcher (1889) and propagandist of handicraft peasant labor. He also taught a course in agricultural etymology at the district industrial school in Krasnoufimsk.

Working in the county, N. L. Skalozubov collected information about the folk culture of its inhabitants. His most significant work in this area is "People's calendar: holidays, days of saints, especially revered by the people, beliefs, signs about the weather, customs and timing of agricultural work" (1894). It is based on material received from correspondents in many settlements of the county: during 1890, the author sent monthly questionnaire sheets to local correspondents, in which they fit beliefs, signs and terms of agricultural work. The goal was to study "the age-old experience of a peasant farmer ... to characterize the natural conditions of agriculture in a given area" .

Of no less interest to ethnographers is Skalozubov's work on folk medicine, which provides folk methods for treating diseases and a list of medicinal plants used in this. He studied local crafts: in the description, he arranged the material by counties, noted the settlements, the crafts common in them, the number of peasants involved, and, which is especially valuable, attached alphabetical and subject indexes of crafts.

In Tobolsk

Since 1892, Nikolai Lukich took the post of head of the Perm provincial statistical bureau. Two years later, in 1894, he moved to the Tobolsk province. At the invitation of the governor, as a civilian, and then a government agronomist, Skalozubov organized a fight against a filly. From March 1894 to January 1906 he was a Tobolsk provincial agronomist.

During this period, having collected 135 samples of local soil during a study tour of the province, Skalozubov proposed a number of measures to improve its structure and use. In particular, his research contributed to the spread of grass cultivation among local peasants, which made it possible to increase the fodder base of animal husbandry and make it less dependent on natural conditions (for example, drought) .

On his initiative, N. Skalozubov, Yaroslavl bulls and Vologda cows were brought to the Tobolsk province: a new breed was even bred - Kurgan. In addition, large white pigs were introduced to improve the local pig breed. At the same time, Nikolai Lukich drew attention to the importance of the mechanization of agriculture in the region and the urgent need to improve the technological level of agricultural production. He justified the need to process raw materials produced in the province directly on the spot - with the subsequent export of finished products.

Skalozubov paid much attention to the development of the Ural and Siberian butter industry: he was directly involved in the organization of peasant oil-pressing artels. With his support, this industry reached unprecedented proportions - the export of butter to the world market rose from 4 to 100 thousand pounds in just 3 years.

In 1895, N. Skalozubov became one of the organizers of the agricultural and handicraft-industrial exhibition in the city of Kurgan. He was a member of the organizing committee of the exhibition, and was also the editor of the official publication of the exhibition - "Reference sheet of the Kurgan agricultural and handicraft-industrial exhibition of 1895". In addition, he participated in the preparation of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition in Moscow and the Industrial Art Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod (1896). In 1900 he was awarded a silver medal for organizing the Russian department at the World Exhibition in Paris. He took part in a handicraft exhibition in St. Petersburg (1902).

Nikolai Skalozubov paid attention to the development of local beekeeping: in 1900 he met with D. I. Mendeleev, who helped him get private loans for the development of this industry, and in 1907 he was elected an honorary member of the Tyumen beekeeping society. He spread knowledge about agronomy among the peasantry: in the same year, 1900, he opened the first agricultural school in Western Siberia in the village of Sokolovka near Tobolsk. He edited an agricultural newspaper - an appendix to the Tobolsk Gubernskiye Vedomosti.

Public figure. Museum Curator

In 1896, he acted as an assistant commissioner for the All-Russian Population Census for the Tobolsk province and traveled from Tobolsk to Obdorsk.

In January 1899, at the Tobolsk Museum, he delivered a report “Who benefited from the construction of the railway?” .

On the initiative of Skalozubov, the First Exemplary Educational Dairy Factory was built in the village of Moreva, Yalutorovsk District, credit partnerships were established, and a branch of the Moscow Society of Agriculture was opened. In 1906, he organized a peasant congress of the Tobolsk province to explain the Manifesto of October 17, 1905 to the peasants and develop instructions for members of the First Duma. Since the peasant delegates spoke in favor of the transfer of all land to public ownership (see Black redistribution), the congress was declared illegal by the authorities. For participation in it, Skalozubov was removed from the post of senior specialist in the agricultural part of the government provincial agronomist correcting his position, arrested (January 20, 1906) and imprisoned. He was sentenced to exile to the north, to the city of Berezov, where he was from April to June.

On June 20, 1906, more than 30 parliamentarians of the First Duma of the Russian Empire - in which Nikolai Lukich was an elector - sent a statement to the Chairman condemning the Tobolsk governor, who had issued an order for the arrest and expulsion of Skalozubov.

Since 1894, Skalozubov was a member of the board of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum and the custodian (conservator) of museum funds: during his business trips, he collected the most interesting exhibits for the collection, transferred his botanical collections to the museum. Organized a department of agriculture and handicraft industry in the museum; collected an extensive library on ethnography, agriculture, flora and fauna of Siberia and the Urals; gave lectures. In 1896, with his direct participation, an art department was created in the museum. Thanks to the assistance of Skalozubov, the Tobolsk Museum began to receive annual subsidies from the tsarist government:

In addition to all of the above, Skalozubov participated in the work of the "Society for the Study of Siberia" and in meetings of the branch of the "Society of Fisheries". He taught botany at the local paramedic school. He was a member of the editorial committee for the publication of the Yearbook of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum. He closely followed the fate of the Tobolsk vocational school - summing up its twenty-year existence, he emphasized that “we have the right to demand more from a properly organized technical school ... but if we look at it, which will be much more correct, as an educational workshop with an orphanage, then the achieved results must be considered satisfactory.

In the Second Duma, Nikolai Lukich joined the Constitutional Democratic (or People's Socialist) faction. It is sometimes claimed that he belonged to the Trudoviks. He became a member of three commissions: budgetary, on freedom of conscience and agrarian. He was also a speaker of the budget commission on the bills "On the issue of a loan for the maintenance of urgent voyages in the Far East", "On the maintenance of urgent shipping communications on the Lena River" and "On shipping on the rivers of the Amur Basin". Participated in the activities of the Siberian Parliamentary Group.

The petition of the deputy Skalozubov contributed to obtaining permission to leave the Empire for I. M. Lyakhovetsky.

Deputy of the III Duma

After the early dissolution of the Second Duma (see. Third June coup), on October 20 of the same year, 1907, the non-party Skalozubov was elected to the new, Third State Duma - this time from the first and second congresses of city voters. Received 33 votes (10 more than V. I. Dzyubinsky and K. I. Molodtsov).

In the III Duma, Nikolai Skalozubov became a member of five commissions at once: on resettlement (from the 3rd Duma session - deputy secretary of the commission), agriculture (from the 2nd session - secretary), budgetary, fishing and cotton growing (from the 4th session - secretary). He was a speaker of the commission on resettlement, on fisheries and the agricultural commission. The signature of the former provincial agronomist stands under a number of bills: "On ensuring the rest of commercial and industrial employees", "On the spread of zemstvos in Siberia", "On the establishment of land management commissions in the steppe regions", "On the hiring of trade employees", "On changing the city electoral law" and "On the abolition of the death penalty". Skalozubov was a consistent critic of the resettlement policy of Prime Minister P. A. Stolypin:

As chairman of a special Duma commission, N. Skalozubov investigated the activities of the expedition of the official of the Main Directorate of Land Management and Agriculture P. I. Sokolov and criticized the methodological basis for conducting his research.

In March 1910, Skalozubov’s article “On the Question of the Chelyabinsk Tariff Break”, which cited different points of view on the fate of the “break”, was discussed at a special meeting convened by the Ministry of Finance under the Department of Railway Affairs.

Nikolai Lukich actively sought to improve the maintenance of political prisoners in the Tobolsk hard labor prison. He spoke in defense of M.V. Frunze sentenced to hanging, who was accused of attempted murder of a constable - he proved that Frunze was not at the scene of the attempt and that he was slandered at the trial. Skalozubov sent a telegram to the Governor-General of Moscow asking for a commutation of the revolutionary's sentence, and also organized a protest action among the deputies.

In total, N. L. Skalozubov co-authored 34 Duma bills and spoke from the parliamentary rostrum 23 times (including 12 times as a speaker). At the same time, he, having become disillusioned with the work of the Duma, refused to participate in the next election campaign.

Last years. breeding station

In 1912, Skalozubov became the founder and head of the first breeding station in Siberia on the estate of L. D. Smolin in the village of Petrovskoe (near Kurgan). At this station, new varieties of cereals, zoned for Western Siberia, were bred, including the ancestors of the spring wheat varieties Milturum 321 and Cesium 111, which later became popular in the USSR, which were highly appreciated by N. I. Vavilov. He organized a meteorological station at the selection station, the observations at which were supervised by employees of the physical observatory of Yekaterinburg.

In addition, Skalozubov was the organizer of the First Siberian selection exhibition in 1912. After 1915, the results of his breeding work were used at an experimental station of his own name, established in Omsk.

In 1911, Nikolai Skalozubov became a member of the West Siberian Department of the Russian Geographical Society, and from 1912 a full member of the Kostroma Scientific Society.

In St. Petersburg, he was a member of the Society for the Study of Siberia and the Improvement of its Life. He was acquainted with A. A. Kaufman. In 1912, he left the Society, to which Kaufman remarked: “... in the person of N. L. Skalozubov, the excursion business of the society suffered a major loss” .

Nikolai Lukich Skalozubov died of typhoid fever on February 19, 1915 in the city of Kurgan, Tobolsk province: he became infected while caring for a sick employee. He was buried in Kurgan at the Mother of God-Nativity cemetery. The grave was not preserved, since the cemetery was turned into Victory Park (opened on May 9, 1985).

Opinions of contemporaries

Friends of N. L. Skalozubov wrote about him:

Memory

After the death of N. Skalozubov, the Vedic Dairy School was named after him, and a prize for the best essay on flora and agriculture named after him was established at the Tobolsk Museum.

On August 24, 2012, a memorial to Nikolai Lukich Skalozubov was opened in the Victory Park of the city of Kurgan. The monument is located near the monument-fountain "Star". Two slabs of black granite resemble an ajar book. On one of its pages, a portrait of Nikolai Skalozubov is engraved, on the other - his merits. The author of the project is the sculptor Valery Mikhailovich Khoroshaev. At the foot of the monument, a capsule was laid with the land of Skalozubov's homeland - Kostroma.

Awards

Artworks

N. L. Skalozubov is the author of about 300 monographs and scientific articles, mainly on issues of agriculture and economics. He also published under the pseudonym "N. Sk." Articles in the newspapers Russkiye Vedomosti, Zemskoye Delo, Herald of Agriculture, Needs of the Village, Siberian Questions, Siberian Trading Newspaper, Siberian Life, Narodnaya Gazeta (Kurgan), unofficial part Tobolsk provincial sheets; in the magazines "Zemskoe delo", "Kozyain", "Yuridicheskiy vestnik", "Needs of the West Siberian economy" and in the Yearbook of the Tobolsk provincial museum. Collaborated with foreign publications (the Danish magazine "Frem" and others). Some of the works:

List of NL Skalozubov's publications.

Books

• Skalozubov N. L. Foreword // List of populated places in the Krasnoufimsky district of the Perm province, compiled according to the household inventory made in the district from 1888 to 1891. - Perm: Krasnoufimsk district zemstvo, 1894.
• Skalozubov N. L. Proceedings of the committee for organizing an agricultural and handicraft exhibition in the city of Kurgan in 1895 / Compiled by the provincial agronomist N. L. Skalozubov. - Issue I. Experience of the review of peasant crafts of the Tobolsk province. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1895.
• Skalozubov N. L. A brief review of the trip made in the summer of 1895 in the Tobolsk province. - Tobolsk, 1895.
• Skalozubov N. L. Description of the collections of soil samples of the Tobolsk province, belonging to the Tobolsk province museum. - Tobolsk, 1895.
• Skalozubov N. L. Report on the work to combat the filly in 1895 in the Tobolsk province. With an appendix of extracts from the diaries of members of the Krasnoufimsk detachment. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1895.
• Skalozubov N. L. Agriculture of the Tobolsk province. - St. Petersburg. , 1895.
• Skalozubov N. L. and A. V. Survey of the Tobolsk province in agricultural terms for the summer and autumn periods of 1895. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the provincial administration, 1896.
• Skalozubov N. L. A summary of information on the organization of agricultural statistics in the zemstvo provinces of European Russia. - Perm, 1896.
• Skalozubov N. L. Explanatory readings in the Tobolsk provincial museum. - About what products can be obtained from wood. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1898.
• Skalozubov N. L. Explanatory readings in the Tobolsk provincial museum. - What products can be made from bone. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1898.
• Skalozubov N. L. Program for collecting material on the issue of traditional medicine. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the Tobolsk diocesan brotherhood, 1898.
• Skalozubov N. L. Explanatory readings in the Tobolsk provincial museum. - What is peat, how it is formed and what it is used for. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1899.
• Skalozubov N. L. Explanatory readings in the Tobolsk provincial museum. - Siberian wheat. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1899.
• Skalozubov N. L. Experience of the natural-historical description of the Tobolsk province. Explanatory readings in the Tobolsk provincial museum. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1899.
• Skalozubov N. L. Overview of the Tobolsk province in agricultural terms for 1900. - Tobolsk: Provincial Printing House, 1901.
• Skalozubov N. L. About the filly: what harm does it bring to agriculture and how to deal with it. - Tobolsk, 1904.
• Skalozubov N. L. On pig breeding in the Tobolsk province. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the brotherhood, 1906.
• Skalozubov N. L. Agricultural Museum at the Folk School. - St. Petersburg. , 1908.
• Skalozubov N. L. To the question of the Chelyabinsk change in the tariff. - Tobolsk: Printing house of M. N. Kostyurina, 1910.
• Skalozubov N. L. How new crop varieties are developed. - St. Petersburg. , 1910.
• Skalozubov N. L. What a farmer needs to know about plant life. - St. Petersburg. , 1910.
• Skalozubov N. L. Activities of the Agricultural Commission of the 3rd State Duma for the period from November 23, 1909 to May 11, 1910. - St. Petersburg. , 1911.
• Skalozubov N. L. Organization of social forces in order to study Siberia: (Report read at the general meeting of the "Society for the Study of Siberia and the Improvement of its Life" on February 16, 1912 at the opening of the exhibition of collections and works of student excursions to Siberia). - St. Petersburg: Altshuler Printing House, 1912.
• Skalozubov N. L. A guide for botanical excursions: Plant life in examples from Russian flora: A guide to the biological characteristics of plants. - St. Petersburg. , 1912.
• Skalozubov N. L. Activities of the Agricultural Commission of the 3rd State Duma for the period from November 29, 1911 to May 1912. - St. Petersburg. , 1913.
• Skalozubov N. L. Experience of sowing corn in the Kurgan district of the Tobolsk province. - St. Petersburg. , 1914.
• Skalozubov N. L. Notes on prison and exile// From materials on the history of the underground library and the secret circle of the Vladimir Seminary; Notes by N. L. Skalozubov about prison and exile; From materials on the initial history of the Kostroma labor movement / Foreword. V. Smirnova. - Kostroma, 1921. - S. 27-43.

Articles

• Skalozubov N. L. From notes during trips around the Krasnoufimsky district (1887) // Memory book and address-calendar of the Perm province for 1893. - Perm, 1892. - S. 23-55.
• Mizerov M. I., Skalozubov N. L. To the question of folk medicine in the Krasnoufimsky district // Perm region / M. I. Mizerov, N. L. Skalozubov. - Perm, 1893. - T. 2. - pp. 238-281.
• Skalozubov N. L. Folk calendar. Holidays, days of saints especially revered by the people, beliefs, signs about the weather, customs and terms of agricultural work // Collection of materials for acquaintance with the Perm province / N. L. Skalozubov. - Perm, 1893. - Issue. 5 . - pp. 3-21.
• Skalozubov N. L. Letter to the editor (report on the publication of the Reference Sheet of the Kurgan Exhibition) // Siberian Leaf: newspaper. - Tobolsk, 1895. - No. 92.
• Skalozubov N. L. Folk calendar. Beliefs, signs about the weather and terms of agricultural work among the peasants of the Tobolsk province // Yearbook of the Tobolsk provincial museum: yearbook. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1898. - Issue. IX. - pp. 69-80.
• Skalozubov N. L. On the publication of educational collections for the course of agricultural schools // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1898. - October 31 (No. 235).
• Skalozubov N. L. Report on the work on the study of the filly in 1901 in the Tobolsk province (With the application of 4 plans of volosts and 1 map of the southern part of the Tobolsk province) // Yearbook of the Tobolsk provincial museum: yearbook. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1902. - Issue. XIII. - S. 1-153.
• Skalozubov N. L. Review of peasant crafts in the Tobolsk province With an alphabetical index of crafts and villages mentioned in reviews for 1895 and 1902 (With 5 tables of zincographic drawings) // Yearbook of the Tobolsk provincial museum: yearbook. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1902. - Issue. XIII. - S. 1-162.
• Skalozubov N. L. Materials to the question of folk medicine. Folk medicine in the Tobolsk province // Yearbook of the Tobolsk provincial museum: yearbook. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1904. - Issue. XIV. - S. 1-30.
• Skalozubov N. L. In defense of I. Ya. Slovtsov // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1905. - December 23 (No. 275).
• Skalozubov N. L. Materials for the study of soils and vegetation of the Tobolsk province // Yearbook of the Tobolsk provincial museum: yearbook. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1906. - Issue. XV. - S. 1-45.
• Skalozubov N. L. From Tobolsk to Obdorsk (From a travel magazine) // Yearbook of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum: Yearbook. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1907. - Issue. XVI. - pp. 1-18.
• Skalozubov N. L.(Map of Baraba) // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1907. - May 12 (No. 104).
• Skalozubov N. L. Bureaucratic guardianship over migrants // Editor P. M. Golovachev"Siberian questions": periodical collection. - St. Petersburg: Altshuler Printing House, 1907. - No. 3.
• Skalozubov N. L. Imaginary agronomic assistance to immigrants // Editor P. M. Golovachev"Siberian questions": periodical collection. - St. Petersburg: Altshuler Printing House, 1907. - April 22 (No. 7).
• Skalozubov N. L. Request of the Siberian deputies to Prince Vasilchikov // Editor P. M. Golovachev"Siberian questions": periodical collection. - St. Petersburg: Altshuler Printing House, 1907. - June 10 (No. 13).
• Skalozubov N. L. Dead land fund for migrants // Editor P. M. Golovachev"Siberian questions": periodical collection. - St. Petersburg: Altshuler Printing House, 1908. - March 8 (No. 9).
• Skalozubov N. L. Export of pigs from Siberia // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1908. - September 5 (No. 195).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letter of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1908. - December 14 (No. 273).
• Skalozubov N. L. Fairgrounds in the peasant villages of the Tobolsk province // Editor P. M. Golovachev"Siberian questions": periodical collection. - St. Petersburg: Altshuler Printing House, 1909. - August 25 (No. 21).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - April 8 (No. 75).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - April 9 (No. 76).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - May 17 (No. 104).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - June 12 (No. 124).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - June 14 (No. 126).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - June 21 (No. 132).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - August 18 (No. 175).
• Skalozubov N. L. On the fertilization of fields with bone meal // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - September 3 (No. 188).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - September 8 (No. 192).
• Skalozubov N. L. Siberian issues in the commissions of the State Duma // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - November 19 (No. 246).
• Skalozubov N. L. World Institute in Siberia // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - November 21 (No. 248).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - November 25 (No. 250).
• Skalozubov N. L. Siberian issues in the commissions of the State Duma // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - November 29 (No. 254).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - December 8 (No. 261).
• Skalozubov N. L. About Zemstvo in Siberia // Siberian Trade Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - December 9 (No. 262).
• Skalozubov N. L. Way from the Ob River to Europe // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - December 17 (No. 269).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - December 23 (No. 274).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - December 31 (No. 278).
• Skalozubov N. L. List of plants of the Tobolsk province and the environs of the city of Omsk // Yearbook of the Tobolsk provincial museum: yearbook. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1910. - Issue. XVIII. - S. 1-55.
• Skalozubov N. L. On the report of one gymnasium and about it // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - January 30 (No. 24).
• Skalozubov N. L. Needs of Siberia // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - February 6 (No. 29).
• Skalozubov N. L. Manual net knitting machine // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - February 7 (No. 30).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - February 9 (No. 31).
• Skalozubov N. L. To the Omsk exhibition // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - February 12 (No. 34).
• Skalozubov N. L. The results of land management in Siberia in 1908 // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - February 13 (No. 35).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - March 2 (No. 48).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - March 4 (No. 50).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - March 7 (No. 53).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - March 18 (No. 58).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - March 20 (No. 64).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - March 24 (No. 67).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - March 25 (No. 68).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - April 7 (No. 78).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - April 14 (No. 84).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - May 1 (No. 94).
• Skalozubov N. L. In search of materials on the issue of zemstvo in Siberia // "Sibirskaya Torovaya Gazeta": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - May 9 (No. 100).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - May 19 (No. 107).
• Skalozubov N. L. Siberian issues // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - June 2 (No. 117).
• Skalozubov N. L. Locking of the rivers Tura and Tobol. (Letter from St. Petersburg) // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - June 10 (No. 123).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - June 18 (No. 130).
• Skalozubov N. L. Member's letter. (On the locking of the Tura River) // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - June 27 (No. 137).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - June 29 (No. 139).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - July 2 (No. 141).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputies' letters. XXX // Siberian Trade Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - July 8 (No. 146).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - October 9 (No. 218).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - October 16 (No. 224).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - October 26 (No. 230).
• Skalozubov N. L. The results of resettlement in Siberia for 14 years // "Sibirskaya Torovaya Gazeta": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - October 29 (No. 233).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - October 30 (No. 234).
• Skalozubov N. L. Member's letters. VII-VIII // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - November 4 (No. 238).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - November 9 (No. 242).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - November 13 (No. 246).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - November 17 (No. 249).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - November 20 (No. 252).
• Skalozubov N. L. Siberian Zemstvo // Siberian Trade Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - November 23 (No. 254).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - November 27 (No. 258).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - November 30 (No. 260).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - December 1 (No. 261).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - December 12 (No. 270).
• Skalozubov N. L. In the postal and telegraph world // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - December 22 (No. 278).
• Skalozubov N. L. Member's letters. On the forthcoming work in Siberia on the construction of new railway lines (From the estimate of emergency expenses of the Ministry of Railways for 1911) // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - January 12 (No. 8).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - February 6 (No. 29).
• Skalozubov N. L. Masters of Buttermaking in Siberia and Measures to Improve Agriculture // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - February 11 (No. 33).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - February 13 (No. 35).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - February 17 (No. 38).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - February 19 (No. 40).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - February 26 (No. 45).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - March 2 (No. 48).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - March 5 (No. 51).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - March 16 (No. 60).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - March 23 (No. 66).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - March 25 (No. 68).
• Skalozubov N. L. Siberian provincial printing houses // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - April 7 (No. 78).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - April 20 (No. 85).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - May 18 (No. 105).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - May 25 (No. 110).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - October 8 (No. 213).
• Skalozubov N. L. Walking through departments (Commercial schools. Dismissed students. Food business) // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - October 14 (No. 218).
• Skalozubov N. L. The fight against hunger in Siberia // "Sibirskaya Torgovaya Gazeta": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - October 29 (No. 229).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - November 3 (No. 233).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - November 4 (No. 234).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - November 13 (No. 242).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - December 1 (No. 255).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - December 4 (No. 258).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - December 9 (No. 261).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - December 11 (No. 263).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - December 13 (No. 264).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - December 16 (No. 267).
• Skalozubov N. L. Seed loan and seed quality // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - December 17 (No. 268).
• Skalozubov N. L. State bread // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - January 3 (No. 2).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - January 5 (No. 4).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - January 27 (No. 22).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - February 15 (No. 36).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - February 24 (No. 44).
• Skalozubov N. L. Fairgrounds in the peasant villages of the Tobolsk province // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - March 10 (No. 57).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - March 14 (No. 60).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - March 16 (No. 62).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - March 20 (No. 65).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - March 21 (No. 66).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - March 30 (No. 70).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - March 31 (No. 71).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - May 11 (No. 103).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - May 13 (No. 105).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - May 18 (No. 108).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - May 22 (No. 111).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - May 25 (No. 114).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - June 1 (No. 119).
• Skalozubov N. L. On the issue of women's equality // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - September 5 (No. 195).
• Skalozubov N. L. Waterways of Siberia (Irtysh water area) // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - September 16 (No. 203).
• Skalozubov N. L. Siberian Trade Enterprises and the State Bank // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - September 29 (No. 213).
• Skalozubov N. L. More about the State Bank and its relationship to private // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - October 4 (No. 216).
• Skalozubov N. L. Food assistance to small credit institutions // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - October 13 (No. 223).
• Skalozubov N. L. The results of the food operation of 1911-1912 in the Tobolsk province // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - October 14 (No. 224).
• Skalozubov N. L. The results of an emergency loan to help feed livestock in 1911-1912 // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - October 17 (No. 226).
• Skalozubov N. L. Report on the activities of the Evgaschinsky Agricultural Society for 1912 // "Narodnaya Gazeta": newspaper. - Kurgan, 1913. - June 23 (No. 23-24).
• Skalozubov N. L. Botanical Dictionary. Folk names of wild and some cultivated plants of the Tobolsk province // Yearbook of the Tobolsk provincial museum: yearbook. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1913. - Issue. XXI. - S. 1-87.
• Skalozubov N. L. On the first steps of the Siberian seed farm L. D. Smolin and N. L. Skalozubov near Kurgan, Tobolsk province // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1914. - January 1 (No. 1).
• Skalozubov N. L. Report of the supervisory commission at the Omsk branch of the Moscow Society of Agriculture // "Needs of the West Siberian Economy": journal. - Omsk, 1914. - No. 3.
• Skalozubov N. L. On the issue of improving the quality of Siberian bread // "Needs of the West Siberian economy": a journal. - Omsk, 1914. - No. 10-11-12.
• Skalozubov N. L. A note on the future of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum // Yearbook of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum: Yearbook. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1916. - Issue. XXVII. - S. 1-87.
• Rodionov Yu.P.

Working in the Krasnoufimsk district, N. L. Skalozubov was engaged in collecting information about the folk culture of the inhabitants of the district. His most significant work is "People's Calendar: holidays, days of saints, especially revered by the people, beliefs, signs about the weather, customs and timing of agricultural work" (1894). The work is based on material received from correspondents in many settlements of the county. During 1890, the author sent monthly questionnaire sheets to local correspondents indicating the dates according to the number of days of the month, in which the correspondents entered beliefs, signs, terms of agricultural work. The collection of material was carried out with the help of voluntary correspondents of the statistical department of the Krasnoufimsk district zemstvo council. In total, the author received materials from 36 settlements of the county from 57 correspondents. The purpose of the undertaken collection of material and research was to study "the age-old experience of the peasant farmer ... to characterize the natural conditions of agriculture in the area." The author collected and systematized significant material on the timing of agricultural work, weather signs, beliefs associated with calendar dates. Until now, the publication of N. L. Skalozubov is one of the most complete works on the calendar traditions of the Middle Urals.

Rich information regarding the Nyazepetrovsky plant and the surrounding area is also contained in the work “From notes during trips around the Krasnoufimsky district ...”

Bragin S.G.

Collection of materials for acquaintance with the Perm province, Edition of the Provincial Statistical Committee, Issue IV , Perm, 1892. N.L. Skalozubov From notes during trips around the Krasnoufimsky district,1887

"... February 6.Potashka village . Zemsky coachman, peasant. I am well acquainted with the Belyankov Bashkirs. Almost all of Potashka uses Belyankovsky lands. Some peasants do not plow their land, they protect it, but buy Bashkir land, good thing you can buy it cheap. There are rich Bashkirs, but more poor ones. The poor live chiefly by various kinds of work near the Russian peasants, and partly by income from their own land. They are constantly in need of money. Autumn comes, the term for the kortom of the land ends - the Bashkirs go to the peasants to sell their land again, and then who needs it? Sells for nothing, if only they would give something.

These lands are bought either by their own rich people - Bashkirs or Russian peasants. Others take more than they can process themselves - they resell the excess there, who did not have time to buy land in time, they sell it at tripartite prices. He bought a corner for 3 rubles, sells it for 10. The Bashkirian eats part of the money received, gives part in taxes - and again a goal. He goes to the peasants to ask for work. In winter, he is hired for summer work. For cleaning up the moving of bread he is given 1 ruble in money, a quarter of tea and some sugar. Happy Bashkirian. He cares little about the future: he will drink the tea taken as a deposit or exchange flour for it, if any.

The land of the Bashkirs is not divided among householders, which the poor members of society tearfully complain about. The rich take away the best plots, leaving the poor for the poor shreds. The rich are power. You can't fight them.

Before, they say, there were many disputes over land. The Bashkirian will lead the Russian to the hill, point him around - go, pasha, pasture - everything is mine! A Russian goes to plow - a horde of Bashkirs leaves, threatening to beat: their land, and not the one who sold it. It was practiced to sell land "for the barking of dogs" - it was proposed to occupy such a space of land on which the barking of a dog was heard. Now they say no.

The Bashkir forest is in a deplorable state - almost all of it has been cut down, they continue to cut the forest even now. Again, the poor complain - the rich can cut down a lot, but they, the poor, can't.

The land is not fertilized. There is a lot of land: a plot is plowed up, they are transferred to a pledge (untouched, virgin soil).

Taxes are paid according to the number of audit souls. There is no relationship between the amount of land and the amount of tax. Hence the terrible complaints about the burden of payments (12 rubles per capita), huge unpaid arrears.

The Belyankov Bashkirs are all sedentary: but the time when they were still nomads is not very far away. With the opening of spring, all the young people got out of the villages into the wild, into the meadows: they lived in yurts, grazed cattle. Little by little, perhaps with the reduction of the earth, they settled down and little by little began to acquire cultural habits. Huts were heated before with chuvals, representing a kind of fireplace, firewood was placed upright: while they were burning, it was warm and light. It was impossible to cook food in them. For this, public ovens were built on the streets. Such a stove was protected from rain and snow by a canopy. Now the internal structure of the Bashkir house does not differ from the device of the Tatar houses. The house is divided into two halves by a passageway: one in the back with a Russian stove is the kitchen, the other in the front with a Dutch stove is the upper room. The Dutch woman is placed in the middle of the wall and on both sides of it are doors to the hallway. The room is divided by a curtain into two halves - a woman and a common room.

Perhaps the relatively late introduction to cultural life is the reason for the inability of the Bashkirs to organize their social economy. The clerks and volost foremen change frequently, usually leaving behind a very bad memory. The affairs are now very neglected, the papers are mixed up, some must have been lost, some books, the maintenance of which is obligatory for the volost boards, have been cleared for several years. Here is an example of the attitude towards the Bashkirs of their immediate superiors.

There is an auxiliary fund at the volost: the capital is formed by deducting 10% from the income received from dues items. One Bashkirian contributes 3 r. money, once taken by him from this cash desk for a loan, is brought in by the foreman and asks for a receipt. The clerk gives the Bashkir a receipt. Recently, the foreman and the clerk have been replaced. They began to check the cash register - there was a defect of 60 rubles; they began to check the receipts - the receipt of the mentioned Bashkir turned out to be the permission of the volost board to sell from the public forest 200 Lubkov!

February 6. The plot of land closest to the village is fenced, designated for cattle pasture, for cattle shedding. Karkeeva, Kayapova and Belyanka, as neighboring villages, are building a common poskotina. The settlement of the poscotina is divided among the householders according to the number of heads of cattle, cows and horses (excluding suckers). There are 1 lasso per head of cattle (lasso - 7-10 sazhens). The apportionment is made in 2-3 years.

Some Bashkirs, within the borders of the poskotina, make changes for themselves, cleanup, uniting for this by 2, 3 householders. In changes, bread will be born better. They sow here for 3-4 years, and then they block the changes and transfer them to another place.

The Bashkirian does not sow in the same way, every year it is different: how many seeds are enough, how much strength is enough. They plow with wheeled sabans with one coulter (with two coulters they are out of use), two horses are harnessed to the saban. One-horse people either hire horse workers for plowing, or hire horses and plow themselves, or in the spring they buy a horse, usually an old one, plow it, harrow it, and eat the horse in autumn. In the first case, payment for work is made by work: he will mow and clean the crossing, they will plow the crossing for him. Cattle are kept for milk (eyut), meat (mahan) and for sale. The bull is usually held by some rich Bashkir and let him go to the cattle. The case is wild.

Krut (cottage cheese) is prepared from cow's milk. Sour milk is boiled in a cauldron, where it thickens, the dough is dried - it turns out cool for the winter. They make soup out of it. Koumiss is made from mare's milk in summer. In winter, they do not make koumiss, because then the cattle are poorly fed.

Hayfields are divided according to their souls, according to the number of haystacks that can be put on them.

When laying out taxes, soldiers' souls produce great confusion. They are imposed on the soldier's relatives, who must bear the duties corresponding to these souls. They receive hay for this according to the number of souls imposed on them; but it often happens that the former owner, now a soldier, has sold his mowing for several years, so that the real taxpayer gets nothing.

February 9th.D. Kaipova . Taxes were previously laid out according to the revision souls: about three years ago they began to lay them out according to the workers. A guy who has reached the age of 17 begins to be considered an employee (in the Moshkara society from the age of 15). The verdict on the maximum years is drawn up for three years: now the term of the first sentence is ending, now they are thinking of starting to take a tax from each male person who has reached 15 years to death.

There are no beggars either in Belyanka or in Kaipova. In Kaipova, however, one old man walks - however, he does not take bread, he takes tea.

Soldiers who returned home complain strongly about their fellow villagers. They demand taxes, but where can they get money, they don’t give arable land, they give only mowing for 1 soul. Here one has to meet such a strange thing: the Bashkirs have a lot of land, Russian peasants feed it almost for nothing, and meanwhile the poor complain that society is denying them land.

10 February.D. Karkeeva . Had a chance to see Chuval. In the back hut of the Bashkir owner in the corner there is a stove - a triad: the corner is a chuval - it is a perfect likeness of a fireplace, in the middle there is a Russian stove, and next to it, on the other cornermustache - a pot with a firebox under it. The wife of the owner of the house behaved like a European, drank tea with us, did not cover her face. She wears a fur hat. They say only old women wear them to keep their heads warm; but beyond the Urals, it is as if the custom is to wear hats to old women.

D. Staraya Moshkara . The Bashkirs of this village will not remember when they settled here - a long, long time ago - and lived without much adventure until relatively recently. Suddenly, rumors began to circulate that the neighboring Nyazepetrovsky factory management was taking measures to drive them out of their homes: they say that the old people sold their estates in the amount of 16,875 square meters back in 1754. soot factory. They did not give faith to rumors, and the plant management wrote to those who needed it. In 1861, the Senate decided the case in favor of the plant. The Bashkirs were silent, the deadlines had passed, it was too late to bother. In 1876, the bailiff, policemen, factory foresters came to the village in Pokrov. The camp police officer presented the Bashkirs with a demand from the plant that they get out of foreign land: the woodworkers began to break roofs. The Bashkirs, both old and young, ran, taking their belongings, and sat down in new places. A lot of property was lost, small cattle almost all died. Somehow they built a hut, one for several families, dug dugouts. The snow has fallen. And now the Moshkarins are perplexed as to how it all happened. The old estates are still not occupied by the plant.

12th of February.D. New Moshkara . There are quite a lot of students in the village. There is no school. Children learn either from their parents, if they are literate, or from an old man who is literate. Boys and girls run to him. They learn only Tatar literacy and only read: the teacher himself does not know how to write. They run twice a day - in the morning and in the evening. Do 1 every time½ -2 hours. They find such a distribution of time more convenient: the guys are better, more willing to study - they will run home, eat, run and go back to school. Sitting at school all day is sickening, the guys indulge. Teaching is cheap. The teacher is paid whoever can: every Friday they give 1-2-5 kopecks per child, invite them to visit, treat them with tea, makhan.

Most and most willingly in the Moshkara society they talk about the mullah. This is the most interesting topic. Mulla enslaved society. They complain about him both as a mullah, and as a person, and as a tenant of public land. He does not fulfill the requirements, because he does not live at home much. Occupied with trade, he constantly travels to fairs. Trebs have to rule the azanche (sexton). A good mullah teaches the children of his village to read and write: the local Bashkirs have to turn to a semi-literate old teacher. One of the wealthy bankers of the local village set up a school at his own expense, somewhere in another village, he did not dare to do it - the mullah is bad. This mullah rents a huge plot of land from the society, about ¾ I put on everything, several thousand acres. He pays the society 150 rubles a year for him. He resells most of the plot for small things to neighboring Russian peasants and part of his fellow community members. A lot of land lies, not benefiting anyone, but he does not allow anyone to mow or plow these empty plots. The land is given to the mullah by public verdict. At the gathering, the majority is for the return of land: this majority is the poor, enslaved by the same mullah.

February 13.Abtryakovo . On the road from Novo-Yuldasheva to Yusupovo and Abtryakovo, larch began to come across among pine and birch forests. Larch in these places is not uncommon, valued for its wood, resistant to decay.

The Bashkirs are engaged in beekeeping. Pine and larch are selected for the device of the boards. The work is done in the summer. The tree is selected thick, strong, healthy. The flight attendant climbs up the trunk, along the steps cut down in the tree. When climbing, the flight attendant is supportedcyrenus - a belt that encircles a tree on one side, and on the other, a boarder's camp. By means of chisels and small the side hatchet is hollowed out a hollow of such dimensions: length 1 ½ arshine, vershok width 7, depth ½ arshin or 10 vershoks.

The bottom of the hollow is made slightly concave in depth. The long, covering the hollow, is also made from dry pine. The bort prepared in this way is dried (with an open debt) for a year or two. In one tree they make one, rarely two boards. Wax sits in the dried beetroot. They start planting on June 5th. For foundation, wedges are made in pairs on a cross in a hollow. Having put the foundation, the hollow is closed properly and tied with birch bark on the outside so that it does not blow into the crack. Then the board is left to the will of God. Not every board immediately sits a bee. The other side is waiting for the bee for several years. On the first Savior, they begin to extract honey: for this, bees are first smoked out. The smoke is dried birch rot. Having opened it, they gradually remove the bees from below with smoke: some of them fly away, others go up. The honeycombs are cut from below. In good years, bort gave 1-1 ½ poods of honey. Today this is not the case: they rarely collect 1 pood, more often less. For the winter, the bee is left with half a pound or a pound of honey, depending on its strength. So that the side tree does not shake very much with the wind and does not break it, the top is usually chopped off. In the spring they look at the boards and, if there is not enough honey, they put full honeycombs for the bees. Onboard beekeeping is considered by the Bashkirs to be more profitable than home beekeeping.

Honey is separated from the wax either by squeezing it out with your hands or, from fresh combs, by simply draining: the honeycombs are placed on a grid, the honey flows into a substituted vessel. Honey is usually sold in whole combs. In the mining factories adjacent to the Bashkirs, honeycombs are sold for 6 rubles. for a pud. From a pood of honeycombs in a good year, only 4 pounds of wax is obtained.

February, 15.D. Belyanka . He spent the last days of Shrove Tuesday in Nyazepetrovsky factory. Mummers roam the streets, bears, goats, men dressed up as women, riding horses, frightening horses passing through the factory with whips. I was driven by a Bashkirian, the horses were harnessed by a goose: on the square, opposite the church, a crowd of drunks stopped us, the horses were frightened of the whips, rushed to the side, and I barely reached the Zemstvo apartment.

In Belyanka, the zemstvo apartment belongs to Mulla Z. The Bashkir mullah does not belong, like our priest, to the privileged class. He is assigned to a peasant society, pays taxes on an equal footing with others, unless the society itself wishes to make it easier to file it. From his parishioners he does not receive a permanent definite content. Although, according to the Mohammedan law, the mullah must use the tithe, but this, of course, is not observed. The law also determines the amount of offerings to the mullah in different cases. So after the uraza, when the mullah reads the prescribed prayers, the parishioners should bring him from every living soul, male and female, 10 pounds of barley, 5 pounds of wheat, 10 pounds of raisins, or, where which of these products is not available, the appropriate amount of money. Here, some bring barley and wheat, but most give the mullah 5 kopecks in money after prayer, after prayer on a weekly holiday (Friday), some give the mullah a penny, a penny. During Eid al-Adha, when everyone who has extra cattle (except horses) stabs it (in remembrance of the appearance of a ram to Abraham at the sacrifice of Isaac), the skin goes to the mullah.

Ayran and katyk are made from cow's milk. To prepare ayran, they boil milk, pour it into a tub, add leaven from old ayran and leave it for a day: milk thickens when it is diluted with water, shaking with a special whorl - it turns out ayran. Prepared at any time of the year. If you leave the boiled milk to sour for a longer time and do not add water, then it will thicken a lot, then you get katyk.

In Belyanka, they have recently begun to complain about thieves: they drag sheep, logs (beehives), in the summer in the forest they lie in wait for swarms to fly out of the boards, collect them and sell them or plant them in their boards. Urman (forest) does not live without a wolf - the Bashkirs say.

February 17.D. Tashkinova. 29 revision souls, 21 yards. They settled here in 1878. The majority are peasants of the Uta volost of the local district: there are from Osinsky and Kungursky. They moved here because the land in the old places was bad. They bought the land from the Bashkirs, they count about 600 acres, they paid the Bashkirs (Belinkovsky estates) for it 2 rubles each. for each soul, only 1172 rubles, in addition to 3 rubles. for every patrimonial householder. In addition, the Tashkinites incurred many unforeseen expenses. When it was necessary to collect signatures for the verdict drawn up by the Bashkir society for the sale of land, many Bashkirs had to be persuaded, asked to give their signatures. Some took 1 ruble for a tamga, some 3-5 rubles. It took a lot of money. The land is divided equally among the householders, but the payments are distributed according to the census souls. And since the settlers brought with them a different number of revision souls, now they have to pay differently: one pays for 1 soul, another for 2, and a third for 3. This uneven payment, the discrepancy between their size and the amount of land each owner offended by the tribute. While taxes were being counted and deducted from the audit soul, there was no talk; now, when the rumor about the addition of the poll tax reached the Tashkinites, the polyphonic people decided to insist on changing the method of distributing into payments from the amount of land owned by each.

When dividing the land, the Tashkinites decided that the plots into which the land is now divided should forever remain in the use of those owners to whom they are now assigned. They did this on the advice of some literate man: but the people of Tashkin soon, it seems, will have to be convinced of the inconvenience of this method of owning land. Now there is a family where there was a discord between the men, the stepfather and the stepson quarreled. The stepfather paid the money for the land, therefore the stepson does not have the right to demand a plot for himself. He separated from his stepfather and the latter did not give him land, so that he is now forced to farm on the land fed by the Bashkirs. Cases like this are possible, in front of society, landless people will be formed. Will the removal of the poll tax and the transfer of taxes on land not have an effect on the disintegration of the rural community? Now, after all, stepson the Tashkinites will not bear taxes, except for the worldly one, society will not be interested in trying to preserve its taxable ability, to allocate it with land, and it will be more difficult for the stepson to achieve it.

25 February.Der. Shokurovo . Went to the village throughI'm going to harness . Perepryazhka, apparently, is richer than Shokurova. The village clerk explains this by saying that the perepryzhkovites have a greater opportunity to use the forest, because they live among it.

There are Meshcheryak Bashkirs in Shokurova. The old people say that the Meshcheryaks were once slaves of the estate owners, that they had rings in their ears, which the owners hung on them instead of a mark.

28th of February. The Bashkirs are very fond of tea: they drink very strong tea, so strong that the hands and legs of an unusual person begin to shake after one cup. Pour 1/6 pound into the teapot at a time. Cups are poured directly from the kettle, slightly diluted with water. Almost every Bashkir has a weighing station for tea. He buys one tea, the neighbor finds out, runs with weights to borrow for himself.

Der. Araslankova . Sotsky invites you to go to the wedding, where the whole village feasts. I refuse, but the groom's relatives come for me on horseback. There are a lot of people in a small hut, everyone is drunk, bottles of vodka appear one after another on the table. Singing songs. There is no groom. Celebratenikah . The bridegroom must be so far away that even the dogs cannot find him. There are no women. A girl who has been married. As a rule, parents keep one year at their place and after the expiration of the year they let go to their husband. The wedding ceremony is calledgakyt celebrating the day of handover of wife to husband

Death February 19(1915-02-19 ) (53 years old)

• Mound, Kurgan district, Tobolsk province, Russian empire

Burial place

• Mound

The consignment cadet Education Petrovskaya Agricultural Academy Academic degree PhD in Agriculture Profession provincial agronomist, curator of the museum Religion orthodoxy Autograph Awards Nikolay Lukich Skalozubov  at Wikimedia Commons

Nikolay Lukich Skalozubov(sometimes Skolozubov ; 29th of October(1861-10-29 ) , Kostroma - February 19(1915-02-19 ) , Mound, Tobolsk province) - provincial agronomist, public figure, deputy and III State Duma from Tobolsk province (1907-1912).

Biography

Early years. Agronomist

Nikolai Skalozubov was born on October 29, 1861 into a bourgeois family in the city of Kostroma, Kostroma province.

In 1881 he graduated from the Kostroma Real School, and in 1885 (or 1887; incorrectly, in 1858) - the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy in Moscow; received the title of Candidate of Agriculture.

Skalozubov wanted to get a position as a teacher of natural history at some agricultural school, but was refused. As a result, until 1892 he worked as an insurance agent and agronomist-supervisor of the Krasnoufimsk district zemstvo (Perm province). In addition, he was the secretary of the Krasnoufimsk district zemstvo council and a statistician of the same county. He had an annual salary of 1200 rubles.

In 1888, Skalozubov, with the support of the director of the local real school N. A. Sokovin, organized a household census in the Krasnoufimsky district. He was a researcher (1889) and propagandist of handicraft peasant labor. He also taught a course in agricultural etymology at the district industrial school in Krasnoufimsk.

Working in the county, N. L. Skalozubov collected information about the folk culture of its inhabitants. His most significant work in this area is "People's calendar: holidays, days of saints, especially revered by the people, beliefs, signs about the weather, customs and timing of agricultural work" (1894). It is based on material received from correspondents in many settlements of the county: during 1890, the author sent monthly questionnaire sheets to local correspondents, in which they fit beliefs, signs and terms of agricultural work. The goal was to study "the age-old experience of a peasant farmer ... to characterize the natural conditions of agriculture in a given area" .

Of no less interest to ethnographers is Skalozubov's work on folk medicine, which provides folk methods for treating diseases and a list of medicinal plants used in this. He studied local crafts: in the description, he arranged the material by counties, noted the settlements, the crafts common in them, the number of peasants involved, and, which is especially valuable, attached alphabetical and subject indexes of crafts.

In Tobolsk

Since 1892, Nikolai Lukich took the post of head of the Perm provincial statistical bureau. Two years later, in 1894, he moved to the Tobolsk province. At the invitation of the governor, as a civilian, and then a government agronomist, Skalozubov organized a fight against a filly. From March 1894 to January 1906 he was a Tobolsk provincial agronomist.

During this period, having collected 135 samples of local soil during a study tour of the province, Skalozubov proposed a number of measures to improve its structure and use. In particular, his research contributed to the spread of grass cultivation among local peasants, which made it possible to increase the fodder base of animal husbandry and make it less dependent on natural conditions (for example, drought) .

On his initiative, N. Skalozubov, Yaroslavl bulls and Vologda cows were brought to the Tobolsk province: a new breed was even bred - Kurgan. In addition, large white pigs were introduced to improve the local pig breed. At the same time, Nikolai Lukich drew attention to the importance of the mechanization of agriculture in the region and the urgent need to improve the technological level of agricultural production. He justified the need to process raw materials produced in the province directly on the spot - with the subsequent export of finished products.

Skalozubov paid much attention to the development of the Ural and Siberian butter industry: he was directly involved in the organization of peasant oil-pressing artels. With his support, this industry reached unprecedented proportions - the export of butter to the world market rose from 4 to 100 thousand pounds in just 3 years.

In 1895, N. Skalozubov became one of the organizers of the agricultural and handicraft-industrial exhibition in the city of Kurgan. He was a member of the organizing committee of the exhibition, and was also the editor of the official publication of the exhibition - "Reference sheet of the Kurgan agricultural and handicraft-industrial exhibition of 1895". In addition, he participated in the preparation of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition in Moscow and the Industrial Art Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod (1896). In 1900, he was awarded a silver medal for organizing the Russian department at the World Exhibition in Paris. He took part in a handicraft exhibition in St. Petersburg (1902).

Nikolai Skalozubov paid attention to the development of local beekeeping: in 1900 he met with D. I. Mendeleev, who helped him get private loans for the development of this industry, and in 1907 he was elected an honorary member of the Tyumen beekeeping society. He spread knowledge about agronomy among the peasantry: in the same year, 1900, he opened the first agricultural school in Western Siberia in the village of Sokolovka near Tobolsk. He edited an agricultural newspaper - an appendix to the Tobolsk Gubernskiye Vedomosti.

Public figure. Museum Curator

In 1896, he acted as an assistant commissioner for the All-Russian census of the population in the Tobolsk province and traveled from Tobolsk to Obdorsk.

In January 1899, at the Tobolsk Museum, he delivered a report “Who benefited from the construction of the railway?” .

On the initiative of Skalozubov, the First Exemplary Educational Dairy Factory was built in the village of Moreva, Yalutorovsky District, credit partnerships were established and a branch of the Moscow Society of Agriculture was opened. In 1906, he organized a peasant congress of the Tobolsk province to explain the Manifesto of October 17, 1905 to the peasants and to develop a mandate for members of the First Duma. Since the peasant delegates spoke in favor of transferring all the land to public ownership (see Cherny redistribution), the congress was declared illegal by the authorities. For participation in it, Skalozubov was removed from the post of senior specialist in the agricultural part of the government provincial agronomist correcting his position, arrested (January 20, 1906) and imprisoned. He was sentenced to exile to the north, to the city of Berezov, where he was from April to June.

On June 20, 1906, more than 30 parliamentarians of the First Duma of the Russian Empire - to which Nikolai Lukich was an elector - sent a statement to the Chairman condemning the Tobolsk governor, who had issued an order for the arrest and expulsion of Skalozubov.

Since 1894, Skalozubov was a member of the board of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum and the custodian (conservator) of museum funds: during his business trips, he collected the most interesting exhibits for the collection, and transferred his botanical collections to the museum. Organized a department of agriculture and handicraft industry in the museum; collected an extensive library on ethnography, agriculture, flora and fauna of Siberia and the Urals; gave lectures. In 1896, with his direct participation, an art department was created in the museum. Thanks to the assistance of Skalozubov, the Tobolsk Museum began to receive annual subsidies from the tsarist government:

The accumulation of materials and facts for the knowledge of the region is the first sacred task of the Museum. But what next, when the collections are collected, the library is full of all kinds of information about the province? Since that time, the educational activities of the Museum began. Its doors should be wide open to all. All who cherish the success of education should be the closest friends of the Museum...

In addition to all of the above, Skalozubov participated in the work of the "Society for the Study of Siberia" and in meetings of the branch of the "Society of Fisheries". He taught botany at the local paramedic school. He was a member of the editorial committee for the publication of the Yearbook of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum. He closely followed the fate of the Tobolsk vocational school - summing up its twenty-year existence, he emphasized that “we have the right to demand more from a properly organized technical school ... but if we look at it, which will be much more correct, as an educational workshop with an orphanage, then the achieved results must be considered satisfactory.

In the Second Duma, Nikolai Lukich joined the Constitutional Democratic (or People's Socialist) faction. It is sometimes claimed that he belonged to the Trudoviks. He became a member of three commissions: budgetary, on freedom of conscience and agrarian. He was also a speaker of the budget commission on the bills "On the issue of a loan for the maintenance of urgent voyages in the Far East", "On the maintenance of urgent shipping communications on the Lena River" and "On shipping on the rivers of the Amur Basin". Participated in the activities of the Siberian parliamentary group.

The petition of the deputy Skalozubov contributed to obtaining permission to leave the Empire for I. M. Lyakhovetsky.

Deputy of the III Duma

After the early dissolution of the Second Duma (see the Third June Coup), on October 20 of the same year, 1907, the non-party Skalozubov was elected to the new, Third State Duma - this time from the first and second congresses of city voters. Received 33 votes (10 more than V. I. Dzyubinsky and K. I. Molodtsov).

In the III Duma, Nikolai Skalozubov became a member of five commissions at once: on resettlement (from the 3rd Duma session - deputy secretary of the commission), agriculture (from the 2nd session - secretary), budgetary, fishing and cotton growing (from the 4th session - secretary). He was a speaker of the commission on resettlement, on fisheries and the agricultural commission. The signature of the former provincial agronomist stands under a number of bills: "On ensuring the rest of commercial and industrial employees", "On the spread of zemstvos in Siberia", "On the establishment of land management commissions in the steppe regions", "On the hiring of trade employees", "On changing the city electoral law" and "On the abolition of the death penalty". Skalozubov was a consistent critic of the resettlement policy of Prime Minister P. A. Stolypin:

As chairman of a special Duma commission, N. Skalozubov investigated the activities of the expedition of the official of the Main Directorate of Land Management and Agriculture P. I. Sokolov and criticized the methodological basis for conducting his research.

In March 1910, Skalozubov’s article “On the Question of the Chelyabinsk Tariff Break”, which cited different points of view on the fate of the “break”, was discussed at a special meeting convened by the Ministry of Finance under the Department of Railway Affairs.

Nikolai Lukich actively sought to improve the content of political prisoners in the Tobolsk hard labor prison. He spoke in defense of M.V. Frunze sentenced to hanging, who was accused of attempted murder of a constable - he proved that Frunze was not at the scene of the attempt and that he was slandered at the trial. Skalozubov sent a telegram to the Governor-General of Moscow asking for a commutation of the revolutionary's sentence, and also organized a protest action among the deputies.

In total, N. L. Skalozubov co-authored 34 Duma bills and spoke from the parliamentary rostrum 23 times (including 12 times as a speaker). At the same time, he, having become disillusioned with the work of the Duma, refused to participate in the next election campaign.

Last years. breeding station

In 1912, Skalozubov became the founder and head of the first breeding station in Siberia on the estate of L. D. Smolin in the village of Petrovskoe (near Kurgan). At this station, new varieties of cereals, zoned for Western Siberia, were bred, including the ancestors of the spring wheat varieties Milturum 321 and Cesium 111, which later became popular in the USSR, which were highly appreciated by N. I. Vavilov. He organized a meteorological point at the selection station, the observations at which were led by employees of the physical observatory of Yekaterinburg.

In addition, Skalozubov was the organizer of the First Siberian selection exhibition in 1912. After 1915, the results of his breeding work were used at an experimental station of his own name, established in Omsk.

In 1911, Nikolai Skalozubov became a member of the West Siberian Department of the Russian Geographical Society, and from 1912 a full member of the Kostroma Scientific Society.

In St. Petersburg, he was a member of the Society for the Study of Siberia and the Improvement of its Life. He was acquainted with A. A. Kaufman. In 1912, he left the Society, to which Kaufman remarked: “... in the person of N. L. Skalozubov, the excursion business of the society suffered a major loss” .

Nikolai Lukich Skalozubov died of typhoid fever on February 19, 1915 in the city of Kurgan, Tobolsk province: he became infected while caring for a sick employee. He was buried in the Kurgan at the Bogoroditsa-Rozhdestvensky Cemetery. The grave was not preserved, since the cemetery was turned into Victory Park (opened on May 9, 1985).

Opinions of contemporaries

Friends of N. L. Skalozubov wrote about him:

A stone of remarkable beauty was placed in a nondescript setting, and a divine fire burned in the soul of Nikolai Lukich. Wherever he was, they worked for the common good and worked with enthusiasm, inspired by Nikolai Lukich. This fire, bestowed on him by nature, made the work around him cozy, and the circle of people engaged in this work, united and animated.

Memory

After the death of N. Skalozubov, the Vedic Dairy School was named after him, and a prize for the best essay on flora and agriculture named after him was established at the Tobolsk Museum.

On August 24, 2012, a memorial to Nikolai Lukich Skalozubov was opened in the Victory Park of the city of Kurgan. The monument is located near the monument-fountain "Star". Two slabs of black granite resemble an ajar book. On one of its pages, a portrait of Nikolai Skalozubov is engraved, on the other - his merits. The author of the project is the sculptor Valery Mikhailovich Khoroshaev. At the foot of the monument, a capsule was laid with the land of Skalozubov's homeland - Kostroma.

Awards

Artworks

N. L. Skalozubov is the author of about 300 monographs and scientific articles, mainly on issues of agriculture and economics. He also published under the pseudonym "N. Sk." Articles in the newspapers Russkiye Vedomosti, Zemskoye Delo, Herald of Agriculture, Needs of the Village, Siberian Questions, Siberian Trading Newspaper, Siberian Life, Narodnaya Gazeta (Kurgan), unofficial part Tobolsk provincial sheets; in the magazines "Zemskoe delo", "Kozyain", "Yuridicheskiy vestnik", "Needs of the West Siberian economy" and in the Yearbook of the Tobolsk provincial museum. Collaborated with foreign publications (the Danish magazine "Frem" and others). Some of the works:

List of NL Skalozubov's publications.

Books

• Skalozubov N. L. Foreword // List of populated places in the Krasnoufimsky district of the Perm province, compiled according to the household inventory made in the district from 1888 to 1891. - Perm: Krasnoufimsk district zemstvo, 1894.
• Skalozubov N. L. Proceedings of the committee for organizing an agricultural and handicraft exhibition in the city of Kurgan in 1895 / Compiled by the provincial agronomist N. L. Skalozubov. - Issue I. Experience of the review of peasant crafts of the Tobolsk province. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1895.
• Skalozubov N. L. A brief review of the trip made in the summer of 1895 in the Tobolsk province. - Tobolsk, 1895.
• Skalozubov N. L. Description of the collections of soil samples of the Tobolsk province, belonging to the Tobolsk province museum. - Tobolsk, 1895.
• Skalozubov N. L. Report on the work to combat the filly in 1895 in the Tobolsk province. With an appendix of extracts from the diaries of members of the Krasnoufimsk detachment. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1895.
• Skalozubov N. L. Agriculture of the Tobolsk province. - St. Petersburg. , 1895.
• Skalozubov N. L. and A. V. Survey of the Tobolsk province in agricultural terms for the summer and autumn periods of 1895. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the provincial administration, 1896.
• Skalozubov N. L. A summary of information on the organization of agricultural statistics in the zemstvo provinces of European Russia. - Perm, 1896.
• Skalozubov N. L. Explanatory readings in the Tobolsk provincial museum. - About what products can be obtained from wood. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1898.
• Skalozubov N. L. Explanatory readings in the Tobolsk provincial museum. - What products can be made from bone. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1898.
• Skalozubov N. L. Program for collecting material on the issue of traditional medicine. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the Tobolsk diocesan brotherhood, 1898.
• Skalozubov N. L. Explanatory readings in the Tobolsk provincial museum. - What is peat, how it is formed and what it is used for. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1899.
• Skalozubov N. L. Explanatory readings in the Tobolsk provincial museum. - Siberian wheat. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1899.
• Skalozubov N. L. Experience of the natural-historical description of the Tobolsk province. Explanatory readings in the Tobolsk provincial museum. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1899.
• Skalozubov N. L. Overview of the Tobolsk province in agricultural terms for 1900. - Tobolsk: Provincial Printing House, 1901.
• Skalozubov N. L. About the filly: what harm does it bring to agriculture and how to deal with it. - Tobolsk, 1904.
• Skalozubov N. L. On pig breeding in the Tobolsk province. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the brotherhood, 1906.
• Skalozubov N. L. Agricultural Museum at the Folk School. - St. Petersburg. , 1908.
• Skalozubov N. L. To the question of the Chelyabinsk change in the tariff. - Tobolsk: Printing house of M. N. Kostyurina, 1910.
• Skalozubov N. L. How new crop varieties are developed. - St. Petersburg. , 1910.
• Skalozubov N. L. What a farmer needs to know about plant life. - St. Petersburg. , 1910.
• Skalozubov N. L. Activities of the Agricultural Commission of the 3rd State Duma for the period from November 23, 1909 to May 11, 1910. - St. Petersburg. , 1911.
• Skalozubov N. L. Organization of social forces in order to study Siberia: (Report read at the general meeting of the "Society for the Study of Siberia and the Improvement of its Life" on February 16, 1912 at the opening of the exhibition of collections and works of student excursions to Siberia). - St. Petersburg: Altshuler Printing House, 1912.
• Skalozubov N. L. A guide for botanical excursions: Plant life in examples from Russian flora: A guide to the biological characteristics of plants. - St. Petersburg. , 1912.
• Skalozubov N. L. Activities of the Agricultural Commission of the 3rd State Duma for the period from November 29, 1911 to May 1912. - St. Petersburg. , 1913.
• Skalozubov N. L. Experience of sowing corn in the Kurgan district of the Tobolsk province. - St. Petersburg. , 1914.
• Skalozubov N. L. Notes on prison and exile// From materials on the history of the underground library and the secret circle of the Vladimir Seminary; Notes by N. L. Skalozubov about prison and exile; From materials on the initial history of the Kostroma labor movement / Foreword. V. Smirnova. - Kostroma, 1921. - S. 27-43.

Articles

• Skalozubov N. L. From notes during trips around the Krasnoufimsky district (1887) // Memory book and address-calendar of the Perm province for 1893. - Perm, 1892. - S. 23-55.
• Mizerov M. I., Skalozubov N. L. To the question of folk medicine in the Krasnoufimsky district // Perm region / M. I. Mizerov, N. L. Skalozubov. - Perm, 1893. - T. 2. - pp. 238-281.
• Skalozubov N. L. Folk calendar. Holidays, days of saints especially revered by the people, beliefs, signs about the weather, customs and terms of agricultural work // Collection of materials for acquaintance with the Perm province / N. L. Skalozubov. - Perm, 1893. - Issue. 5 . - pp. 3-21.
• Skalozubov N. L. Letter to the editor (report on the publication of the Reference Sheet of the Kurgan Exhibition) // Siberian Leaf: newspaper. - Tobolsk, 1895. - No. 92.
• Skalozubov N. L. Folk calendar. Beliefs, signs about the weather and terms of agricultural work among the peasants of the Tobolsk province // Yearbook of the Tobolsk provincial museum: yearbook. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1898. - Issue. IX. - pp. 69-80.
• Skalozubov N. L. On the publication of educational collections for the course of agricultural schools // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1898. - October 31 (No. 235).
• Skalozubov N. L. Report on the work on the study of the filly in 1901 in the Tobolsk province (With the application of 4 plans of volosts and 1 map of the southern part of the Tobolsk province) // Yearbook of the Tobolsk provincial museum: yearbook. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1902. - Issue. XIII. - S. 1-153.
• Skalozubov N. L. Review of peasant crafts in the Tobolsk province With an alphabetical index of crafts and villages mentioned in reviews for 1895 and 1902 (With 5 tables of zincographic drawings) // Yearbook of the Tobolsk provincial museum: yearbook. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1902. - Issue. XIII. - S. 1-162.
• Skalozubov N. L. Materials to the question of folk medicine. Folk medicine in the Tobolsk province // Yearbook of the Tobolsk provincial museum: yearbook. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1904. - Issue. XIV. - S. 1-30.
• Skalozubov N. L. In defense of I. Ya. Slovtsov // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1905. - December 23 (No. 275).
• Skalozubov N. L. Materials for the study of soils and vegetation of the Tobolsk province // Yearbook of the Tobolsk provincial museum: yearbook. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1906. - Issue. XV. - S. 1-45.
• Skalozubov N. L. From Tobolsk to Obdorsk (From a travel magazine) // Yearbook of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum: Yearbook. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1907. - Issue. XVI. - pp. 1-18.
• Skalozubov N. L.(Map of Baraba) // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1907. - May 12 (No. 104).
• Skalozubov N. L. Bureaucratic guardianship over migrants // Editor P. M. Golovachev"Siberian questions": periodical collection. - St. Petersburg: Altshuler Printing House, 1907. - No. 3.
• Skalozubov N. L. Imaginary agronomic assistance to immigrants // Editor P. M. Golovachev"Siberian questions": periodical collection. - St. Petersburg: Altshuler Printing House, 1907. - April 22 (No. 7).
• Skalozubov N. L. Request of the Siberian deputies to Prince Vasilchikov // Editor P. M. Golovachev"Siberian questions": periodical collection. - St. Petersburg: Altshuler Printing House, 1907. - June 10 (No. 13).
• Skalozubov N. L. Dead land fund for migrants // Editor P. M. Golovachev"Siberian questions": periodical collection. - St. Petersburg: Altshuler Printing House, 1908. - March 8 (No. 9).
• Skalozubov N. L. Export of pigs from Siberia // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1908. - September 5 (No. 195).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letter of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1908. - December 14 (No. 273).
• Skalozubov N. L. Fairgrounds in the peasant villages of the Tobolsk province // Editor P. M. Golovachev"Siberian questions": periodical collection. - St. Petersburg: Altshuler Printing House, 1909. - August 25 (No. 21).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - April 8 (No. 75).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - April 9 (No. 76).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - May 17 (No. 104).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - June 12 (No. 124).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - June 14 (No. 126).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - June 21 (No. 132).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - August 18 (No. 175).
• Skalozubov N. L. On the fertilization of fields with bone meal // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - September 3 (No. 188).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - September 8 (No. 192).
• Skalozubov N. L. Siberian issues in the commissions of the State Duma // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - November 19 (No. 246).
• Skalozubov N. L. World Institute in Siberia // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - November 21 (No. 248).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - November 25 (No. 250).
• Skalozubov N. L. Siberian issues in the commissions of the State Duma // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - November 29 (No. 254).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - December 8 (No. 261).
• Skalozubov N. L. About Zemstvo in Siberia // Siberian Trade Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - December 9 (No. 262).
• Skalozubov N. L. Way from the Ob River to Europe // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - December 17 (No. 269).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - December 23 (No. 274).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1909. - December 31 (No. 278).
• Skalozubov N. L. List of plants of the Tobolsk province and the environs of the city of Omsk // Yearbook of the Tobolsk provincial museum: yearbook. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1910. - Issue. XVIII. - S. 1-55.
• Skalozubov N. L. On the report of one gymnasium and about it // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - January 30 (No. 24).
• Skalozubov N. L. Needs of Siberia // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - February 6 (No. 29).
• Skalozubov N. L. Manual net knitting machine // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - February 7 (No. 30).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - February 9 (No. 31).
• Skalozubov N. L. To the Omsk exhibition // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - February 12 (No. 34).
• Skalozubov N. L. The results of land management in Siberia in 1908 // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - February 13 (No. 35).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - March 2 (No. 48).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - March 4 (No. 50).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - March 7 (No. 53).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - March 18 (No. 58).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - March 20 (No. 64).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - March 24 (No. 67).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - March 25 (No. 68).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - April 7 (No. 78).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - April 14 (No. 84).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - May 1 (No. 94).
• Skalozubov N. L. In search of materials on the issue of zemstvo in Siberia // "Sibirskaya Torovaya Gazeta": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - May 9 (No. 100).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - May 19 (No. 107).
• Skalozubov N. L. Siberian issues // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - June 2 (No. 117).
• Skalozubov N. L. Locking of the rivers Tura and Tobol. (Letter from St. Petersburg) // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - June 10 (No. 123).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - June 18 (No. 130).
• Skalozubov N. L. Member's letter. (On the locking of the Tura River) // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - June 27 (No. 137).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - June 29 (No. 139).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - July 2 (No. 141).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputies' letters. XXX // Siberian Trade Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - July 8 (No. 146).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - October 9 (No. 218).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - October 16 (No. 224).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - October 26 (No. 230).
• Skalozubov N. L. The results of resettlement in Siberia for 14 years // "Sibirskaya Torovaya Gazeta": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - October 29 (No. 233).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - October 30 (No. 234).
• Skalozubov N. L. Member's letters. VII-VIII // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - November 4 (No. 238).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - November 9 (No. 242).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - November 13 (No. 246).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - November 17 (No. 249).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - November 20 (No. 252).
• Skalozubov N. L. Siberian Zemstvo // Siberian Trade Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - November 23 (No. 254).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - November 27 (No. 258).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - November 30 (No. 260).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - December 1 (No. 261).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - December 12 (No. 270).
• Skalozubov N. L. In the postal and telegraph world // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1910. - December 22 (No. 278).
• Skalozubov N. L. Member's letters. On the forthcoming work in Siberia on the construction of new railway lines (From the estimate of emergency expenses of the Ministry of Railways for 1911) // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - January 12 (No. 8).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - February 6 (No. 29).
• Skalozubov N. L. Masters of Buttermaking in Siberia and Measures to Improve Agriculture // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - February 11 (No. 33).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - February 13 (No. 35).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - February 17 (No. 38).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - February 19 (No. 40).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - February 26 (No. 45).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - March 2 (No. 48).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - March 5 (No. 51).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - March 16 (No. 60).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - March 23 (No. 66).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - March 25 (No. 68).
• Skalozubov N. L. Siberian provincial printing houses // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - April 7 (No. 78).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - April 20 (No. 85).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - May 18 (No. 105).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - May 25 (No. 110).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - October 8 (No. 213).
• Skalozubov N. L. Walking through departments (Commercial schools. Dismissed students. Food business) // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - October 14 (No. 218).
• Skalozubov N. L. The fight against hunger in Siberia // "Sibirskaya Torgovaya Gazeta": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - October 29 (No. 229).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - November 3 (No. 233).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - November 4 (No. 234).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - November 13 (No. 242).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - December 1 (No. 255).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - December 4 (No. 258).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - December 9 (No. 261).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - December 11 (No. 263).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - December 13 (No. 264).
• Skalozubov N. L. Deputy's letter // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - December 16 (No. 267).
• Skalozubov N. L. Seed loan and seed quality // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1911. - December 17 (No. 268).
• Skalozubov N. L. State bread // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - January 3 (No. 2).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - January 5 (No. 4).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - January 27 (No. 22).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - February 15 (No. 36).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - February 24 (No. 44).
• Skalozubov N. L. Fairgrounds in the peasant villages of the Tobolsk province // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - March 10 (No. 57).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - March 14 (No. 60).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - March 16 (No. 62).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - March 20 (No. 65).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - March 21 (No. 66).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - March 30 (No. 70).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - March 31 (No. 71).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - May 11 (No. 103).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of deputies // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - May 13 (No. 105).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - May 18 (No. 108).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - May 22 (No. 111).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - May 25 (No. 114).
• Skalozubov N. L. Letters of a deputy // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - June 1 (No. 119).
• Skalozubov N. L. On the issue of women's equality // "Siberian trading newspaper": newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - September 5 (No. 195).
• Skalozubov N. L. Waterways of Siberia (Irtysh water area) // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - September 16 (No. 203).
• Skalozubov N. L. Siberian Trade Enterprises and the State Bank // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - September 29 (No. 213).
• Skalozubov N. L. More about the State Bank and its relationship to private // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - October 4 (No. 216).
• Skalozubov N. L. Food assistance to small credit institutions // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - October 13 (No. 223).
• Skalozubov N. L. The results of the food operation of 1911-1912 in the Tobolsk province // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - October 14 (No. 224).
• Skalozubov N. L. The results of an emergency loan to help feed livestock in 1911-1912 // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1912. - October 17 (No. 226).
• Skalozubov N. L. Report on the activities of the Evgaschinsky Agricultural Society for 1912 // "Narodnaya Gazeta": newspaper. - Kurgan, 1913. - June 23 (No. 23-24).
• Skalozubov N. L. Botanical Dictionary. Folk names of wild and some cultivated plants of the Tobolsk province // Yearbook of the Tobolsk provincial museum: yearbook. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1913. - Issue. XXI. - S. 1-87.
• Skalozubov N. L. On the first steps of the Siberian seed farm L. D. Smolin and N. L. Skalozubov near Kurgan, Tobolsk province // Siberian Trading Newspaper: newspaper. - Tyumen, 1914. - January 1 (No. 1).
• Skalozubov N. L. Report of the supervisory commission at the Omsk branch of the Moscow Society of Agriculture // "Needs of the West Siberian Economy": journal. - Omsk, 1914. - No. 3.
• Skalozubov N. L. On the issue of improving the quality of Siberian bread // "Needs of the West Siberian economy": a journal. - Omsk, 1914. - No. 10-11-12.
• Skalozubov N. L. A note on the future of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum // Yearbook of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum: Yearbook. - Tobolsk: Printing house of the diocesan brotherhood, 1916. - Issue. XXVII. - S. 1-87.
• Rodionov Yu.P.

Born in the city of Kostroma in a family of bourgeois. He received his secondary education at the Kostroma Real School, and his higher education at the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy. After graduating from the academy, he worked as an agronomist in the Krasnoufimsky district of the Perm province, then as a statistician and secretary of the district zemstvo council. In 1894, at the invitation of the Tobolsk governor, he came to Tobolsk, where, as a civilian, and then a government agronomist, he organized a fight against the filly in the province. From 1894 to 1906 N.L. Skalozubov actively participated in various agricultural activities and social life of the Tobolsk province. So, he took part in the organization of a number of exhibitions: agricultural and dairy in the Tobolsk province, all-Russian in Moscow, handicraft in St. Petersburg, world in Paris. He edited an agricultural newspaper - an appendix to the Tobolsk Gubernskiye Vedomosti, was the organizer of provincial congresses on agriculture, etc.

In April 1894 N.L. Skalozubov was appointed provincial agronomist of Tobolsk. Having made a study tour of the province, he noted that the scourge of local agriculture is floods, droughts and the remoteness of settlements and places suitable for arable land. Having collected 135 soil samples during the trip, Nikolai Lukich proposed a number of measures to improve its structure. In places prone to drought, he suggested sowing cereal grains with deep roots that would be able to extract nutrients and moisture from the deep lower layers. Grass-sowing introduced by him later increased the fodder base of animal husbandry and made it possible to make it more efficient in drought conditions. Nikolay Lukich drew attention to the importance of mechanization of agriculture, to the need to improve its technological level.

In 1897, as a statistician, he took part in the All-Russian population census. He was interested in the soils and vegetation of the Tobolsk province: the materials he collected are now stored in the Tomsk State University and the Tobolsk Museum of Local Lore. In addition, N.L. Skalozubov was a member of the editorial committee for the publication of the Yearbook of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum.

In 1894 he was elected to the board of the Tobolsk provincial museum, and soon became the curator of the museum funds. According to his plan, the museum was to become the center of scientific research of the region. Being on the road, Nikolai Lukich collected everything that deserved attention for the museum. He organized the "Department of Agriculture and Handicraft Industry", collected an extensive library on Siberian studies, ethnography, agriculture, flora and fauna, and gave lectures. In 1896, with his participation, an art department began to be created in the museum. The main obstacle to the development of the museum was the lack of funds. Subsequently, thanks to the assistance of N.L. Skalozubov as a deputy of the State Duma, the museum began to receive annual government subsidies.

The social activity of Nikolai Lukich is extremely extensive. He taught botany at a paramedic school, was an activist in the Society for the Study of Siberia, and took part in meetings of the Tobolsk branch of the Fisheries Society. For participation in the I General Census, he was awarded the Order of Stanislav III degree.

He dealt with the problems of the development of butter-making in Siberia. Participated in congresses of butter makers of Tobolsk and Tomsk provinces. For organizing and participating in the peasant congress, held in the Tobolsk province in December 1905, he was arrested and exiled to the north of the Tobolsk province. On February 12, 1907, he was elected a deputy of the II State Duma, where he worked in the following commissions: permanent financial and temporary: on bills aimed at the implementation of freedom of conscience and agrarian. Participated in the activities of the Siberian parliamentary group and was a member of the People's Socialist faction. In 1907 he was elected to the III State Duma from the Tobolsk province. He was a member of the Siberian parliamentary group.

He died in 1915.

Skalozubov N. From Tobolsk to Obdorsk: from a travel journal. Yearbook of the Tobolsk Provincial Museum No. 16, 1906

“On behalf of the commissioner for the unification of the activities of the census institutions of the city of Dubrovsky, as an assistant to the commissioner, in the winter of 1896 I was in the Berezovsky and Surgut districts to oversee the organization of the first nationwide census in this area. I took advantage of this trip to get acquainted with the life of the local population, make contacts useful for the Tobolsk Provincial Museum and replenish its collections. I will use my brief travel notes to present the information I have collected.

I left Tobolsk for Berezov on November 23 with the fisherman A. I. Tupolev, who kindly took upon himself all the trouble of preparing for the journey and managing the economic part on the road. We were promised great difficulties on the way: the weather was warm, there was a lot of snow, according to the stories of people who came from Berezov, in the north; it was possible to wait for the so-called "ice" on 06i. Since the road goes along the river all the time, these icings make it extremely difficult to move.

To make it more convenient to cope with deep snows, Tupolev made light sleds with unshod runners so that the iron would not crash into the snow. At the back, the sleigh had a high back, the sides and backs were carefully covered with matting. We took with us a large mutton fur coat, with which we carefully wrapped our legs, and from above we were covered by the prudently taken A.I. a large felt mat, which in the case of snowstorms could be covered with the head. Tupolev was dressed in a malitsa, over which, in case of cold, he put on a goose; he had three on his head. I was dressed the way I usually dress when traveling in the winter - in a small sheepskin coat, over which I put on a large sheepskin coat, belted with a large belt, and on my head a Siberian hat with ears. Both had good pima on their feet.

Despite my sensitivity to the cold, I did not experience much discomfort in this suit and, equally with A.I. well endured significant frosts, which became especially sensitive after a whole night of driving, in the morning.

So, we left on November 23rd. On the way, A.I. introduced me with his stories to a completely new land for me, with the life of the Far North, which he knows well and with the character of its inhabitants. A. I. Tupolev has fishing sand in the most remote area - Puiko, 200 miles below Obdorsk, and by occupation he constantly deals with the Ostyaks and especially with the Samoyeds, whose special location, as I heard later, he enjoys. He knows both Ostyak and Samoyed languages…”

“On December 3, we left Berezov in the direction of Obdorsk. Here we exchanged horses for deer, and the sledges were replaced by two sleds; I settled in one, my companion in the other. Thanks to the courtesy of the police officer, I received covered sledges through passage. Three deer were harnessed to the sledges. Our first station was the Vasler yurt.

The coachman's log yurt is located in a clearing in the forest. In a large circle around the yurt there is a fence made of poles vertically stuck into the ground. This fence serves to drive deer during the harness. We arrived at the yurt at night. The yurt was dark and cold. On low bunks along the front wall, the inhabitants of the yurt slept, covered with their fur clothes. The cold that burst into the yurt from the door we opened woke the sleeping ones; one after another, figures bare to the waist began to rise: one of the women, throwing a frog over herself, quickly found a smoldering ember in the ashes of the cooling chuval and lit a fire.

The yurt was cramped and dirty; in a small window, instead of a frame with glass, an ice floe is inserted. They started making tea. The Ostyak woman brought us a large block of transparent ice, spread pure tagar in front of the flaming hearth.< (ковер из травы). А Ив. умелой рукой острым остяцким ножом расколол глыбу на маленькие куски и наполнил ими наш дорожный железный чайник. На особую перекладину, вделанную в верхней части чувала, остячка повесила загнутую на конце крючком палку, на нижний конец которой прямо над огнем повесила чайник. Скоро юрта согрелась, с нар к огню подполз совершенно нагой ребенок. Над нарами в люльке со спинкой висел другой. Люлька подвешена к привеске, украшенной деревянными побрякушками. Когда ребенок кричал, мать занимала его, потряхивая привеску и гремя побрякушками. Из деревянного ящичка, сделанного вроде скворечницы, разбуженная шумом выскочила белка, привязанная на цепочке.

A small shabby table was found for us; The Ostyaks who had brought us also settled down to drink tea on the bunks, on low tables. While the water was boiling in the kettle A. Iv. ordered to get fish from the owners and they brought us a frozen sturgeon. With several strokes of the knife, the skin was cut and removed from the fish with ribbons; we enjoyed eating raw frozen fish, cutting it into thin slices. While we were warming ourselves and eating, the Ostyaks drove into the fence a herd of deer that were grazing in the forest. With lasso from the herd, the ones needed for the harness were caught, the rest were again released to graze.

In the Poroz yurts, I purchased samples of lehr for the Museum< - ленты из корней кедра, употребляемой остяками для связывания гимог<; такое же применение имеют и ленты из корней лиственницы - сяль<. Видел здесь запас кедровых гнилушек (польюх): высушив, их толкут в порошок, которым посыпают со стороны мездры внутри рукавицы, чулки в предупреждении ощущения сырости и холода от мездры.И мужчины и женщины здесь нюхают табак.

Starting from Berezov, to the north, the costume of the Ostyaks changed dramatically. There, at the top, the Ostyaks use fabrics, wear shirts: here all clothes are exclusively fur. The men here wear their hair in two braids. Few understand the Russian language, it is difficult to travel here without an interpreter. These are the semi-nomadic Ostyaks Lyapinsky and Kazymsky. The landscape is also changing here - the local forests take on a special, original look: cedar is already rare, and mainly spruce; the branches of the tree are very short and sparse, from a distance the area under the forest seems to be covered with coarse bristles.

Kyivat. The crossing was also at night. As soon as the Ostyak woman had time to kindle the chuval, opening the plug in the pipe from the outside, she immediately set to work - she began to quickly wrinkle her hands and pull out the skin of the pawn with her teeth. This is the whole dressing of these skins. This industriousness of women, the desire to fill every free minute with some kind of needlework, I had to observe more than once among the Ostyaks.

Muzhi village. Here we stayed with one Zyryan in a large, beautifully arranged hut. Trade in bread is here in the hands of the merchant Okunev; the price of bread is 45 kopecks. pood (rye), while in Obdorsk they sell bread for 36 kopecks. From s. Husbands from r. Obi Siberian bread is sent through the Urals to Izhma, where arable farming is poorly developed and there is not enough bread. Bread is sent before spring on reindeer through the steppe and the Ural Mountains to the rivers Usa and Lenva. Here, in the spring, bread is loaded onto skiffs and floated into the river. Izhma. In exchange, salmon and cow's butter were brought here from Izhma, which were the main goods at the Mikhailovskaya fair in Muzhy. Now they bring neither one nor the other; it turned out to be more profitable to extract oil from Tobolsk: while Izhemskoye was sold at 9 rubles. per pood, Tobolsk - only 8 rubles. Then knitted wool products are delivered here from Izhma: cords, belts, axes, knives, traps, chains, etc.

Now Okunev's clerk was experimenting with sowing spring rye in Muzhi; sowing was successful. Garden vegetables - potatoes, turnips, radishes - will be born well, carrots - no. The potatoes here in the north are very good everywhere.

Ayvosh (Voykar). Here we found the women at work; one of them pulled out and drooled a pawn with her teeth (skins are sold from 30 kopecks to 1 - 2 rubles and 2 rubles apiece). The other wove a ribbon from sedge (pestlan), which is then sewn into a carpet called tagar. In front of the chuval, burbot skins were dried, which are dressed by simple crushing and are used for sewing bags. Around the chuval, women try to keep the floor clean, the dirt is often wiped off with a stick. I noticed that women never throw chuvals into the fire, but hide all this dirt in the corner where stinking heaps accumulate.

In Ayvosh I bought a tagar (nori), trimmed with burbot leather around the edges. On the banks of the Malaya Ob, near the very yurts, a high, 2-3 sazhens, hill rises (torom-popam< - божий клочок земли) . По словам А.И. такие холмы всюду расположены по степи на севере.

Shuryshkar yurts. We stayed here in the comfortable house of the peasant Uzhentsev. About yurts, 400 fathoms on the bank of the river. Ob is the ancient settlement - Lorvash<. Предание говорит, что здесь когда-то жил славный шаман. Когда в край пришли русские, он, предвидя конец господству остяков над краем, на трех больших оленях бросился в воды Оби: остяки чтут это место и доселе. Редкий проедет мимо этого городища, не бросив чего-нибудь в воду. Берег, где расположено городище, рвет водою; на берегу часто находили стрелы и какие-то «китайские» вещи.

The main topic of our conversation with Uzhentsev was the death of reindeer in the lower reaches of the Ob, which greatly disturbed the population. According to Uzhentsev, the plague took place in the area between the Ob, Lozva, Sosva and Pechora, down to the Taz Bay and further on, the deer are healthy.

The village looks like a town: beautiful wooden buildings of local merchants, a large and beautiful church. Everything here is original: the sun, barely the size of its diameter, appears above the horizon, and the non-Russian dialect on the streets, and the beautiful groups of deer in sleds, and the Samoyeds in their huge fur hats with heavy rattles, forcing the hat to sit tightly on the head, and a beautiful contour Ural Mountains on the horizon.

December 6 early in the morning we were in Obdorsk. For the first acquaintance with the village, my companion took me to the mass in the church. The church was full of people. Here one could see Russians, and Zyryans, and Ostyaks, and nomadic Samoyeds, who had already arrived at the fair. The Zyryans stood out sharply with their beautiful faces and their costumes: the men are all dressed in malitsas, trimmed around their faces with white fur; Russians are all in sheepskin coats. The costumes of the zyryankas are original and beautiful: for girls, a silk scarf with a wide ribbon surrounds the forehead with a bow and is tied back with a bow. Coat with sleeves wide at the shoulders, at the waist; coats of an ancient style, long to the heels, trimmed with fur along the hem and sides and with a multi-colored tire. Ostyaks in shabby, greasy geese.

Here the sounds of bells were heard - through the crowd, ringing with trinkets, a Samoyed family of a man, a woman and a little son makes his way forward to the image of "Mikola". Standing in front of the icon, they bow to it for a long time, put money or skins and, bowing, retreat back to the door, to the exit. It was the pagan who, according to the promise, made the butt to the Russian Pleasant.

At home, from the window of the zemstvo apartment, I could watch a group of interpreters on the high bank near the cemetery, watching the steppe-tundra. For the duration of the fair, Russian merchants hire translators and interpreters, paying them from 10 to 70 rubles. for the fair season. The interpreters spend whole days standing on a hillock near the old cemetery, vigilantly looking out for the appearance of Samoyeds approaching Obdorsk from the tundra - their duty is to call the Samoyeds to their patrons. Seeing the savages, the interpreters rush to take possession of them and bring them to the owner’s yard: “he has good goods, you can bargain with him, he is much inferior,” etc. - in this luring, one of the main roles of the interpreter.

During the three days I spent in Obdorsk, I, being busy with my special business - the purpose of my trip here - unfortunately, had little time to get acquainted with this most interesting point of the province.

The village looks like a town: beautiful wooden buildings of local merchants, a large and beautiful church. Everything here is original: the sun, barely the size of its diameter, appears above the horizon, and the non-Russian dialect on the streets, and the beautiful groups of deer in sleds, and the Samoyeds in their huge fur hats with heavy rattles, forcing the hat to sit tightly on the head, and a beautiful contour Ural Mountains on the horizon.

The latter, however, I had the pleasure of seeing only on December 6: on the following days the air was not transparent and the fog hid the tops of the mountains. I managed to visit some local merchants and get acquainted with the goods intended for foreigners; in a foreign administration, where I was interested in questions about collecting yasak, I had the opportunity to collect some information about the activities of an institution of great importance in the region - the Obdorsky tavern.

In the shop of the trusted firm of Kornilov P.F. Telezhkina and from Mr. Protopopov, I picked up for the Museum collections of goods that serve as sales items for foreigners. These are mainly goods exported from Izhma - the work of handicraft Izhma zyryans: iron napari for 8 kopecks. thing; an iron hook for making a pawn - 5 kopecks; puy - a chain for sledges - 22.5 kopecks, piderch - a scythe for planing the mezdra when dressing deer skin - 25 kopecks; Ustyug-made axes, very much appreciated by the Ostyaks, 65 kopecks in purchase, 1 ruble in sale; also axes of Kurgan work in the purchase of 50 kopecks, on sale - 70 kopecks. Iron traps of Tobolsk work are five pounds - 70 kopecks - 1 ruble, and traps of Izhma work, more adapted to the requirements of hunting, are three pounds for the same price. Woolen products - colored wool cord 2.5 arshins in length - 5.5 kopecks. and also thin - 2.5 kopecks. pair. These laces are widely used for curling braids, for tying pims, etc.; thick woolen cord - 10 kopecks. pair; stockings with a Zyryan pattern - 65 kopecks. Tinzyan - lasso for catching deer made of cowhide 17 sazhens - 2 rubles. 50 kop.

In a big move among foreigners, the so-called "chasing" - printed canvas. His women work in Tobolsk and the surrounding villages by order of the ragged. Canvas for chasing is bought in Irbit for 8 kopecks. arshin, for stuffing the pattern they pay 5-6 rubles. for a thousand arshins. The pattern is printed on only one side of the canvas. The Samoyeds and Ostyaks cover the loaded and sealed sledges with property with coinage. P.F. Telezhkin reported interesting information about the trade in deer skins. From the Obdorsky Territory, they are exported almost exclusively to the Izhma Territory, according to the assumption of Mr. Telezhkin, no less than 50-60 thousand rubles a year. In 1895, 7,000 Nespit skins were exported from the Nizovsky District from Muzhey to Obdorsk to the Obdorsk Fair, and, in addition, 1,400 pcs. bullish. Neplyuy went for 3 rubles and bullish for 2 rubles. 50 kop. Reindeer skins beyond the Urals, in the Izhma region, are processed into suede. There are many small factories doing this. For the dressing of the skin they pay 30-50 kopecks; suede is sold in Moscow by weight.

In 1884 - 86, the local merchant Iv. Il. Karpov arranged a factory for the manufacture of suede, but unsuccessfully: the suede turned out to be rougher than Izhma, and the matter fell.

Of the reindeer skins, only a pawn goes to Tobolsk in small quantities for the developed craft here for the manufacture of hats of the famous Siberian style. The main suppliers of reindeer skins are Samoyeds; the average owner, according to Mr. Telezhkin, has 100-150 deer, and the rich up to 10,000. Samoyeds beat deer only for food. But not every time the skin of a deer is equally valued. For suede, September skins are valued. There are no fistulas on them, with which the skins of deer killed in winter or spring are dotted. Fistulas are formed by the larvae of the gadfly (pilu), which lays testicles in the skin of a deer in summer; during the winter, the larvae grow rapidly, forming large nodules in the skin, and leave the body in the spring. Previously, the Samoyeds did not pay attention to the time of slaughter and more often delivered low-value skins spoiled by fistulas to the fair. The Zyryans taught them to beat a deer in time. Deer outgrowth with meat costs from 3 rubles. 50 k. up to 5 rubles, and an adult up to 5-10 rubles; the skin of an adult deer is cheaper than the skin of a small deer.

The deer wealth of the stone Ostyaks suffered great damage in 1896 - in the area between the Ob, Sosva and the Urals, up to 100 thousand deer fell from hoof disease. This is a terrible misfortune for foreigners.

Zyryans and Russians, who come to the fair in Obdorsk, lure out a large amount of warm clothes sewn from deer skins - geese, malits, pims. This clothing, in terms of cut and strength of sewing, perfectly meets the conditions of the severe cold of the north. Like Samoyed geese, malitsa and siskin are also sewn with zyryans. The goose is the most common costume not only in Berezovsky and Surgut, but also in Tobolsk, Tyumen and Turin districts; here they are certainly stocked by coachmen, who have to withstand severe frosts on the way for wagon trains. However, clothes sewn by Samoyeds differ from those sewn by Zyryans: the latter changed several patterns, adapting the costume to the tastes of the buyer. So siskins or pims are sewn by Samoyeds with very narrow tops and very wide in the feet; the Zyryans, on the other hand, sew pimas with wider tops and less wide heads in the sole.

A close examination of the way of cutting and sewing Samoyed costumes reveals the most curious tricks by which these children of the tundra and ice solve the difficult task of constructing a dress that is comfortable and warm, protecting the body from cooling if possible. First of all, cutting: a goose, for example, is cut as much as possible from large pieces of skin so that there are fewer seams; the front wall of the goose and the back wall are one piece of skin, in which a hole is cut out for the head, but not completely, but in such a way that the cut-out valve, bent upwards, forms the back wall of the cap. A barrel is sewn to this main part of the pattern, each from one piece, and sleeves to them. Pieces of skins are sewn together with threads from deer tendons, but at the same time, in order to make the seam impenetrable, thin strands of white hair from a deer beard are inserted into the stitches along the entire length of the seam, which is therefore very much appreciated by reindeer herders.

The goose is sewn with fur on the outside and put on a malitsa, sewn according to the same pattern, but with wool inside. Deer mittens are sewn tightly to the ends of the sleeves of the malitsa; to release the hand from the mitten, a horizontal cut is made in its front wall at the bottom, which, when the hand is in the mitten, closes tightly by itself. Then the body is covered with a solid shell of double fur. This cover protects the body from the cold so much that an Ostyak or a Samoyed, drunk on vodka and fallen somewhere in the snow, safely sleeps in the bitter cold.

In spring, to protect their eyes from the dazzling rays of the sun reflected by the snowy plain, Samoyeds and Ostyaks wear special glasses in the form of oval, often brass, less often birch-bark plates with a narrow slot cut into them. These plates are framed in a piece of suede trimmed with fur.

The lower Samoyeds and Ostyaks do not know the use of spinning plants. The threads they need for trappers to tie hooks; for fringe, made to decorate women's headscarves, Samoyeds and Ostyaks are mined by plucking a venal canvas and twisting a thread. This thread even goes on sale in balls; a pound is worth 25 kopecks.

The Samoyed fair plays an enormous role in the life of Obdorsk: it actually serves as the reason for the outstanding importance of this northernmost settlement in Western Siberia. And in the life of the fair, - except for Samoyeds and fur goods, deer. - vodka plays a big role.

Trade with the Samoyeds takes place not in the square, not at the fairground, but in the houses of trading people living in Obdorsk - Russians and Zyryans. Traders receive Samoyeds as guests; the exchange auction will not take place until the merchant treats the Samoyed family and more than once with vodka and bread. Samoyeds are located in the yards of merchants as in an inn: during the fair, the merchants' apartments are partly at the disposal of the Samoyeds. The latter are curious: everyone will be examined, everyone will be interested; in the shops I had to see them behind the counter freely examining the goods; merchants try not to embarrass them. While Samoyed lives at the fair, he stays with a merchant, to whom he rents his goods and from whom he buys what he needs; drinks and eats with him; gets drunk - the owner endures so as not to offend the buyer.

According to traders, this is a heavy and unpleasant custom. Of course, for all these temporary inconveniences caused by the savage people to traders, he pays, leaving the latter with big profits. And yet, from one of the big merchants, I had to hear a complaint about the established custom - it is difficult for everyone, dangerous for foreigners, but no one dares to break the established custom. They argue like this: don’t drink vodka, the buyer will go to a neighbor. The more interesting, therefore, the more attention deserves the experience that was made at the fair of 1896-1897 by the local merchant Zyryanin I. A. Rochev: he decided to refuse to treat his customers with vodka and insisted on his own - he did not give vodka; Samoyeds molested, threatened to leave - he offered them tea; after all, most of the buyers did not change him; soon the Samoyeds reconciled themselves to the new situation and turned the threats into a joke: sitting in a mug on the floor (their usual position in living quarters), they amused themselves, imagining that they were drinking vodka offered by the tattered owner, drinking and praising the generosity and hospitality of the merchant. I don’t know if Rochev managed to endure his character to the end.

In the opinion of the merchants, it would be desirable to introduce the custom of treating vodka, but for this there is little mutual agreement between the merchants: it is necessary that this be a binding rule for all. Equally desirable, according to the same people, is the arrangement of dormitories for Samoyeds coming to the fair, where they could settle down according to their taste, without scattering into private apartments, where there is plenty of room for those who want to drink the Samoyed and do whatever they want with it.

P.F. Telezhkin reports that Samoyeds are very inquisitive: they like to look at pictures in illustrated magazines, do this for a long time and listen carefully to explanations. They love, sitting on the floor in a circle, chanting, swaying, telling different stories; talk about the creation of man, about the flood; and, drunk, the rich of them in a singsong voice tell the listeners how rich they are, how many silver foxes and arctic foxes are tied in their sleds, how many scientists, that is, deer suitable for harnessing. Samoyeds are not proud of money and do not value it. But furs are the subject of their special pride: Samoyeds pay kalym for their wife with furs; furs put the butt on a sacred place; valuable furs are not only not sold, but bought; they say that dexterous Zyryans, having drunk a Samoyed, sell him a 10-15 ruble fox for 50-100 ruble.

Samoyeds are not afraid of death: there will be the same life there, they say. I will finish my notes about Obdorsk with a mention of the original collection of taxes in the north, as it was explained to me by knowledgeable people: they collect taxes according to the number of men's souls available, although salaries are determined by the number of audit souls in the salary sheets of the Treasury. So, according to salary sheets, collection from Samoyeds should be made from 1360 revision souls, but it is collected from 1403 souls, according to the number of male souls available, determined by the Samoyeds themselves. The surplus goes into worldly capital. Of this capital, 3500 rubles. use for the device in Berezov almshouses for elderly foreigners. The maintenance of this almshouse costs up to 600 rubles a year, but they are reluctant to go to it - now one or two old women live in it.

On the part of people who are friendly to foreigners, one hears heated complaints about the public tavern, set up a few years ago by Obdorsky peasants. Delivering a huge income to a small society, the tavern ruins foreigners, who, after paying yasak, often lower all their booty in the tavern ... ”

Votlip - thin soft shavings - is scraped with a knife from young cuttings of tala (naryukh).
Archaeological monument Ust-Voykarsky town. Investigated by the Yamal archaeological expedition.

Ural Historical Encyclopedia

Skalozubov, Nikolai Lukich

(10/29/1861, Kostroma - 02/19/1915, Kurgan)

Russian agronomist-breeder, statistician, society. activist, lifelong active member. WALE. Genus. in a bourgeois family. After graduating from the Petrovsky-Razumovskaya acad. (1881-85) in the rank of candidate. agricultural sciences was sent as an agronomic superintendent to Krasnoufimsky district. Perm. lips. Until 1892 he worked as an insurance agent, secret. zemstvo council, zemstvo statistician. Organized at household census (1888.), read agricultural entomology in the Krasnoufimsky prom. uch. 1894-05 - Proven agronomist of the Tobolsk province. Arranged agricultural and handicraft industry. exhibition (Kurgan, 1895), participated in the preparation of the All-Russia. agricultural (Moscow), industrial-art. (Nizhny Novgorod) and World (Paris) exhibitions. Keeper of the Tobolsk Music. (1894-1903). He made a great contribution to the development of Siberian selection, grass sowing, and oil production. On his initiative, the first exemplary school was opened. dairy plant (village Moreva, Yalutorovsky District), credit facilities, otd. Imperial Moscow. about-va with. x-va. For participation in the cross. congress (December 1905, Tobolsk) dismissed from his post, exiled to Berezov. In Aug. 1906 left the exile ahead of schedule and was elected to the State. Duma of the 2nd and 3rd convocations, where he was secretary. agricultural and budget commissions. From 1912 he worked on the estate of L.D. Smolin (near Kurgan), where he organized the first Siberian breeding station. (1912). One of the founders of the spring wheat varieties Cesium III and Multurum 321, which have become widespread in the Trans-Urals and Siberia. Mind. from typhus. In memory of S. Belovskaya Dairy School was named after him, at the Tobolsk Museum. Established pr. for the best essay on flora and p. x-woo.

Lit.: Shelukhin I.S. Nikolay Lukich Skalozubov. Novosibirsk, 1961.

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