Grapevine climbing a tree. (Antique cameo, Berlin Museum).
This is one of the oldest systems described by various ancient authors. With this approach, vines can reach enormous sizes, both in height and in thickness (in a humid climate up to 25-30 cm in diameter: I. Klingen, "Fundamentals of the economy in the Sochi district" 1897, p. 109).
I give an excerpt from the book by I. Klingen "Fundamentals of the economy in the Sochi district" in 1897 concerning the Maglari system (p. 56).
“Near Khisa (near Vardane) Bell observed the laying of young vineyards. For this, the forest was uprooted, young trees (mulberry, alder) were planted, the lower branches were cleared, and the vine was allowed to curl along them according to the Maglari method. Every 7-10 years, the vine was removed and cleaned of dry and old shoots; the tree on which it curled was cleaned and freed from excess branches that shaded the vine with leaves. The old vines sometimes reached 3-6 inches thick and wrapped around huge ancient oaks, choking them in their arms. There were many vines in the Sochi valley, curling in garlands on huge trees.
…
The following example can serve as a measure of productivity: at the Kuban post, near the mouth of the Dagomys, there was an alder tree entwined with a vine. Despite the prohibition issued shortly after the entry of the Russians into the country, one inhabitant cut down an alder and got exactly 30 pounds of grapes from it. ... Belle was amazed at the abundance of clusters on the trees "
Let me remind you that 1 pood is 16 kg. That. it turns out that 30 pounds is 480 kg from one vine !!!
An interesting feature of the Maglari system was that white grapes were most often put on mulberry, and red on alder. Alder, by the way, is a good nitrogen fixer (due to the presence of appropriate nitrogen-fixing microorganisms on its root system) and is able to enrich the soil with this important building material for plants.
Here is another excerpt from the book Fundamentals of Economy in the Sochi District (p. 112), which compares the effectiveness of the Western viticulture system introduced to the Caucasus with the original Maglari system:
“... Ten dozen such trees (i.e. 120 trees with a vine on each, note. Sobkalov. A.V.) with good care will give the same grape harvest from a tithe (1.09 hectares note. Sobkalov A.V. ), how much, under the present system and care in native vineyards, they receive from 6,000-10,000, and from Imeretians and from fifteen thousand vines; one has only to compare the cost of caring for a muggleri with a dablari, and the opportunity to look after a hundred vines rather than a few thousand, and then all fears for the troublesome treatment of the muggleri will fall by themselves.
The presence of mycorrhiza and a healthy rhizosphere in the forest garden will protect such vines from fungal and many other diseases, which is what modern vineyard creators are so afraid of when analyzing the Maglari system.
Many of you have probably already seen photos of living bridges in India made from ficus root shoots (if not, see the photo below). But hardly anyone knows that such miracles of bioconstruction have recently been here, in the Caucasus!
Here is an excerpt from the same source:
“Tornau reports that 7 bridges made of poles, boards and vines were laid across the Mzymta. Bridges are exclusively hanging: 5 of them for pedestrians and 2 for horses. Garbe saw such a bridge, made of living vines thrown across the river and despite this, continued to grow.
In this article:
In Ancient Russia, people believed in the power of amulets, relying on their protection from ailments, enemies and other misfortunes. Through their amulets, they drew the energy of nature and the Sun, never tired of thanking the Gods, who generously endowed the Russian people with unique Slavic magical symbols. All of them are carriers of information about the structure of our universe.
Russian amulets are based on Slavic symbols associated with the Sun, such symbols are called Solar. Each of them has its own name, they have a specific power and carry a certain semantic load. The most common symbol in Russia was the Swastika, endowed with a multifaceted meaning and various names. She was also called the symbol of "Light", the symbol of "Primary Fire" or "Life", the "Divine symbol". Patterns from these symbols were used to decorate household utensils, dwellings, and clothing. At different times in Solar Russia, this symbolism could be seen on banknotes.
The history of the culture of Russia throughout its existence was based on folk beliefs, which, with their roots, they have grown deep into the past, and keep the memory of our ancient ancestors. In those distant times, they already sought to comprehend the secrets and subtleties of the structure of the universe. First of all, they needed this knowledge in order to protect themselves and loved ones from possible danger. Culture has changed over the centuries, beliefs and customs have changed, but the memory of the ancestors was not erased even after the Baptism of Russia. The loyal, wise and tolerant Orthodox Church did not destroy the traditional folk worldview; throughout the entire period of its existence, the Russian people used amulets and talismans bequeathed to them by their ancestors.
Features of the folk Russian amulet
A Russian person is devoted to his family and true to his land, therefore Russian amulets, like talismans, are mostly associated with real things that are familiar to each of us from childhood. Among these, you can find ordinary spoons, bells, miniature hatchets, a poker, a broom, bast shoes, a horseshoe, etc. They were widely used not only in the daily life of a Russian person, but also in folk rituals. The people made amulets for themselves with their own hands, hoping for their protection from predatory animals, natural disasters, the "evil eye" and diseases.
Russian amulet for home
The house for a Russian person, in terms of its significance and holiness, after the church and Orthodox churches is in second place. Even going on a long journey, he always took a charm on his way, created by his own hands, as a reminder of his home, family and native land. The earth also acts as a kind of amulet for the house, which had to be built correctly, since the fate of the whole family depended on it.
Modern house in Russian style
In Russia, houses have always been built in favorable energy zones and traditionally adhere to certain rules when choosing a piece of land:
- They did not build houses in places where lightning struck.
- Areas that had previously been massively abandoned by people as a result of an epidemic, pestilence, war, and natural disasters were considered unfavorable.
- Never built a house in a place where human remains were found.
- The places where the cart overturned or the shafts broke were considered the mark of the “unclean”, they were bypassed.
According to ancient traditions, the Slav built his house with his hands by analogy with the model of our Universe, in the center of which was a Russian stove - a source of heat, food, light, was perceived as a symbol of the Sun.
The cult of the home and the family hearth in Russia has always been the main one. Each element of the construction of the house was a certain symbol, as well as the decoration of the house.
Its main symbols are Russian folk amulets at home, all of which are listed in the table below:
| Name | Symbol (association) |
Functions |
| Bake | Planet Earth. The stove was painted with special protective symbols. | Source of heat, fire, life. |
| Red corner (home iconostasis) | Planet Sun; God. | Divine protection, patronage, healing. |
| Walls | They were decorated with various symbolic wood carvings. | Physical and energetic protection of the habitat |
| Roof and openings | Decorated with symbolic carvings. | They did not allow physical negative factors to enter the house, as well as from all evil spirits and evil misfortunes. |
| Entrance door | Central amulet (various amulets were placed above the door; the door itself was coated with red clay along the contour; curtains woven with patterns with special symbols were hung in the doorway). |
Home and family protection at the level of: Physical (negative weather conditions, enemies, robbers); Mental (evil spirits, illnesses, troubles). |
| threshold/porch | The key element of the house was endowed with the greatest protective power (everything was important - from its shape to decoration, including amulets that were placed under the threshold to enhance its magical properties). | In the pagan and Christian faith, he was the main protection of the house and kind of man, the keeper of the family hearth. The threshold was carefully guarded, because through it you can bring into the house, both a good and a bad deed. |
| Vane | Often made in the form of a rooster or horse | Charms that warn the owners of the house about the danger and scare away evil spirits. |
The carving acted not only as an ornament, its patterns were carefully thought out and corresponded to the old Russian protective symbols. Carvings were used to decorate door and window openings, the edges of the roof, and the porch.
Carving is a special skill The threshold and porch in a Russian hut have always been endowed with the most powerful amulets and additionally guarded by the owner himself. Through the threshold (or porch), you can send a lot of negativity, both to the owner of the house, and to all members of his family, to the whole family.
Many folk signs are associated with the threshold, for example, it is undesirable to just stand on the threshold, smoke or talk, pass things or greet through the threshold. To protect the home and family across the threshold, both Christian and pagan amulets, symbols, conspiracies and prayers were used (and are relevant today).
Of particular importance is the blower in the Russian stove. This place was considered the gate through which the Unclean One could enter the house. While the furnace was burning or smoldering, the blower was not closed so as not to burn out from carbon monoxide, but as soon as the last heat in the furnace was extinguished, the blower was immediately closed.
Charms to protect the yard
The courtyard area is a part of the personal space of each family, limited by a special fence. In the old days, the fence of a house or plot was built in the form of:
- wattle (from a vine or brushwood), in the form of a picket fence (from low wooden slats);
- board fence;
- a powerful timber palisade several meters high.
Whatever material the fence was built from, for many centuries the courtyard was guarded and protected with the help of traditional amulets. These were the simplest everyday things, in the powerful protective energy of which our contemporaries also believe. A variety of objects were used as amulets of the court, all of them were considered magical protective symbols.
Glechiki, krynki, pots
Inverted, they were planted on the highest rail of the fence, wattle.
Clay products are still used in the manufacture of amulets. Since these utensils were usually made from a natural material - clay, they were very sensitive to negative energy.
It was believed that a broken or cracked glech on the fence indicates a negative message to the owner of the house or his entire family. In this case, they said that the glechik took on the “bad thing”, it was not customary to take it with bare hands. Usually it was removed with special tongs and thrown away from the house, and a whole pot was immediately hung in its place.
Old (woven) bast shoes, worn shoes, felt boots
A shoe (boots or bast shoes) is an old Russian amulet with many-valued symbols. For example, having met the Unclean, it was customary to throw at him with your worn-out bast shoes and be sure to hit the target, if you didn’t hit, expect trouble or trouble.
A pair of red shoes presented by a guy to a girl testified to his sincere love for her, a similar gift from her parents served as a talisman so that her daughter would not go astray from the “red” (right) path.
There was a tradition of throwing bast shoes at their rivals. If the bast shoe reached the goal, it was believed that by this action the girl dared the rival from her lover, and at the same time removed the love spell that she could do on her boyfriend.
A pair of shoes attached to the porch or threshold symbolized the strength and prosperity of the owner of the house, a happy family. To scare away all evil spirits and enemies, shoes or bast shoes were hung on a fence or on a post at the gate.
If an unlucky child grew up in a family, he was forced to put on the old bast shoes of that family member who was considered positive and hardworking, by this action of a child who got out of hand, they tried to return to the true path.
A pair of symbolic shoes were given to young people for a wedding, so that they would live happily together and for as long as possible. The theme of shoes is also found in many beliefs and divination. For example, there was a long-standing custom of divination for the groom. To do this, the girl, standing in the courtyard with her back to the gate, threw a bast shoe through them into the street. Then she watched how the bast shoe lay down - its toe, as a rule, indicated the direction from where the groom's arrival should be expected.
If a person wanted to travel, but could not decide where exactly to go, it was also customary to throw a bast shoe over the gate. In the direction where the sock pointed, the man set off.
Horseshoe
In addition to its decorative function, the horseshoe in Russian culture and traditions has always been used as an effective amulet / amulet. In many countries, it is a symbol of happiness, having a deep meaning, rooted in a long history.
Made of iron, forged on fire by a blacksmith, cleansed by fire, reminiscent of a young moon (also a symbolic element), a horseshoe was once an expensive pleasure. Finding it for a simple poor peasant was considered happiness, since expensive iron appeared in the house, which could be sold expensively or reforged into nails, a scraper, a knife or other necessary item. Later, when iron was no longer such a rare thing, the tradition of saving the found horseshoe “for good luck” was preserved.
In every European country you can find a legend about a horseshoe, in Christian culture the legend itself and the tradition to protect the found horseshoe, most likely, was borrowed from the ancient pagan culture of the Celts. They believed that a horseshoe attached above the front door would protect their home from the intrusion of otherworldly forces.
In our time, the horseshoe as a talisman has not lost its significance. Nowadays, the horseshoe is endowed with multiple symbols, which can be found in the table below:
| Location | Function | The value of the amulet |
| "Horns" down above the door to the house, on the gate, on the pillars of the central gate | Protective (from the evil eye, damage, evil message and ill-wishers) | The guest, having passed through the gate, “lost” his bad thoughts and was disarmed if he came with bad intentions |
| "Horns" up above the door to the house, on the gate, on the pillars of the central gate. | Talisman of wealth, happiness and prosperity | Brings good luck, material and financial well-being to the house |
| On the door (from its inner side with “horns” up) | Protective bioenergetic | Aligns energy flows, reducing the strength of geopathic zones in the house |
| Inside the car | Protective | Prevents accidents, vehicle breakdowns and various unpleasant road incidents |
| On the windowsill (on the first moonlit night, "horns" into the room) | Talisman of wealth / good luck, money talisman | Helps to increase financial position, attract money and rapid financial growth |
| In the ground near the wall of the house (bury from the northwest side) | good luck charm | Brings good luck in business, support in any endeavors |
Fishnet
It was thrown from above on a fence, palisade or wattle fence, believing that the Unclean One would get entangled in it and would not be able to enter the house. It was also assumed that bad words and thoughts of ill-wishers could not pass through this network.
Toads, mice and other reptiles entangled in the net testified that one of the ill-wishers was taking negative magical actions against the owner of the house and his family.
Broom
Exposed at the threshold, the broom frightened off evil spirits, drove away ill-wishers from the house. It was believed that if after an unpleasant guest leaving your house, sweep the path in his footsteps with a broom, this person will never appear in your house again. It should be noted that the broom was not only a shore, through it considerable harm could be done to the family, so in some families they preferred to hide it from prying hands and eyes. Usually the head of the family made a broom-amulet with his own hands.
Nowadays, you can often see a broom standing with a broom up in apartments. For prosperity in the house, it was customary to put a broom in the kitchen “on the handle” with a broom up. Nowadays, for this purpose, a small decorative broom is often used, on which gifts are fixed - several grains of various cereals, corn grains, real coins, yellow flowers (as a symbol of the Sun, gold) and so on. Left in the kitchen as a decoration, such a decorative amulet brings material stability and prosperity to the house.
It was considered wrong to touch a broom in a strange house with your hands; such a guest could be suspected of hostility and more allowed into the house.
Panel-amulet
Such panels were specially made in each family, so they were all unique and not similar to each other. Each hostess made her own panel, decorating it with the symbolism that was most necessary to improve the life of her family.
With the help of special symbols of patterns, such panels protected the house from unkind people, brought good luck, health, patrons for the family, promoted mutual understanding, love and care for each other of all households.
Embroidery
Embroidered symbols could be seen not only on clothes, but also on bed linen, towels, towels, tablecloths, curtains, shoes and head ornaments. A young girl, getting married, had to have all these things in her dowry, sewn and embroidered by her hands.
Girls began to be taught to needlework from an early age. The more the girl had a dowry, prepared by her, the more hardworking she was considered and was more desirable in the groom's house.
Bag
In Russia, the bag has always been considered a symbol of the preservation of wealth. This symbolism originates from ancient times, when social inequality was the norm, as a result of which beggars wandered around Russia with outstretched hands. Behind their back they had a knapsack (a homemade bag) with all their simple belongings.
This amulet should not be touched by strangers For every beggar, such a knapsack was a real treasure. At the same time, rich people also kept their gold and jewelry in bags, but they were made of expensive fabric and embroidered with gold / silver thread, embroidered with stones or embroidered with patterns.
Nowadays, it is customary to place a symbolic pouch in the kitchen or in the money zone of the house, decorating it with its own embroidered patterns, which necessarily include some key magical symbols. It can be decorated with various symbols, depending on the result that should be obtained - the multiplication of wealth, the preservation of existing wealth, etc. Inside the bag they put coins for wealth, magical dry herbs for protection and other items that correspond to the desire of the owner of the house.
Painting on wood, plaster, metal
Painting with colorful symbolic patterns of gates, walls of the house (outside / inside), door and window openings, shops (at the gate and in the yard), stove, barn, barn and cart was also a talisman.
Especially popular was the theme of solar signs, attracting warmth, joy, life, health and happiness into the house.
Amulet fruitful
This Russian amulet symbolized the generous gifts of nature, was used as a talisman for the well-being of the family and was a good decorative element in the decoration of the house. As a "rural" decor, it is still found today in dwellings, the interior of which is made in the "country" style. Often, for this purpose, a decorative broom-amulet, decorated with special symbols, is also used.
For its manufacture, nuts, dried flowers, garlic knitting, rose hips, spikelets of wheat, beans, a small pumpkin, bright ribbons are usually used (they tie the whole composition with them). A braid should be braided from colored ribbons, with its colors it symbolizes a joyful and happy life, long and thick - longevity. The lighter of the above symbolic elements are woven into it, the heavier ones can be fixed with glue or sewn on, fixed to the ribbons with threads.
Each such element corresponds to certain symbols, which differ in their characteristic magical properties:
| Element | Value in the amulet |
| Broom | Pure base |
| Spit | Longevity |
| Bag | Prosperity, abundance, wealth |
| The spoon | Prosperity |
| Onion / hot pepper / garlic / | Protects from evil spirits |
| Cereals and flour products | Prosperity, hospitality and good location of the owner of the house (tradition to meet guests with a loaf / bread and salt) |
| Cone, coins | Success in business, financial well-being, wealth |
| Sunflower seeds | Symbolizes the children in the family |
| Beans/peas | Friendship, mutual assistance, peacefulness |
| Dried flowers (in a bouquet) | Harmony, beauty, protection from evil spirits and "bad" people |
| cereals | La, and the well-being of family relationships |
| Female and male figurines | Inseparability of marital/family ties |
| Corn | Health of children in the family |
| small house | Happy family, cozy home |
| Jug | Healthy family, family well-being, prosperity |
| Immortelle | Long and happy life |
| Bay leaf | Success in business, fame, honor of others, respect in the family |
| Poppy | Fulfillment of secret desires |
There is a huge variety of folk Russian charms, for the manufacture of which a variety of symbolic elements are used. The table above lists only the main and fairly common characters.
The Russian people have always carefully and respectfully treated the gifts of mother nature, believed in the existence of her mythical creatures inhabiting all four elements - fire, water, earth and air. There are many legends and fairy tales about kikimors, water, goblin, brownies and other evil spirits in Russian culture. The attitude of Russian people to these natural creatures is twofold.
He tried to be friends with some of them, to appease some, to pay off some of them, and some of them should have been bypassed so as not to anger with his presence on their territory. Some representatives of the Unclean were often taken as assistants to solve various life tasks and everyday problems. At the same time, Russian people have always made amulets to protect themselves and their homes from evil spirits; they used long-known folk symbols to create them. A curious character is a brownie, it was believed that this creature lives in every house.
Brownie
Being the soul of the house, its talisman and amulet, Brownie patronized the people living in it. Woe was to the owner who did not like him, Domovoy tried in every way to drive him out of the house, he could attract other creatures from evil spirits to this process. He demanded respect for himself, it always depended on whether he would consider the tenants of the house as his friends and whether this family would live in prosperity and tranquility. It is noteworthy that with the hands of an objectionable owner, he could cause great trouble in the house.
Sometimes the Brownie got so used to the head of the family that when the family moved to a new place of residence, he tried to move with people, hiding in some household item. Most often, the person himself offered Domovushka to move with him, offering him a broom, a bread shovel or a broom with the words:
Neighbor-Domovushka, here's a noble sleigh for you, go to a new house with us!
Options for the execution of the brownie amulet is limited only by your imagination The brownie sleeps during the day, and wakes up at night and walks around the house, examining whether everything is in order. He was always given a specific corner in the house, where the owner forbade all members of the household to go, so as not to anger the Brownie with his actions. In this place it was impossible for children to play, put any things, make noise, sit, this place belonged to the Brownie. In each house, Domovushka could occupy different places, his favorite place had to be found, as a rule, it was the warmest, dryest and quietest corner. Sometimes he himself willingly prompted and indicated his presence.
Domovoy has fun noisily - he knocks at night, confuses the mane of horses, hides small things necessary for the owner. To return the thing he hid (a thing that you cannot find in the place where you left it the day before), you should throw a coin into the room with the words:
Neighbor-Housewife, here's a coin for you to play, and give me mine / mine (name of the thing).
After that, you need to leave the room for a couple of minutes and close the door. After this time, you will find the lost thing in the place where you left it and looked several times before, but did not see it.
Nowadays, the Domovenka theme is very popular - it is a magnificent element of apartment decor and at the same time an effective and powerful amulet. Each Domovushka must contain 12 symbolic items. They are symbols such as dried berries, dough products, dried flowers and other symbols. Its basis can be any, but more often a wooden spoon, a wreath, a horseshoe, a bag or a broom are used for this.
Brownie is the spirit of the house, it is a mischievous and mischievous creature, but always kind and ready to help the owner manage the household, protect the house and family. Often Domovushka warned the head of the family about the impending disaster. It is necessary to make friends with this creature and not forget about it, leave food, give some things, throwing them into its corner.
If you cannot detect its presence in your home, make it yourself, this is the best and most powerful amulet for your home.
Charms to protect the child
At a time when medicine was not yet so developed as to save a person's life from an elementary cold, he relied only on the mercy of God and the magical protection of amulets and talismans.
The very first and strong protective amulet for a child was considered to be a pectoral cross. They tried to put it on a child even in the process of childbirth in order to protect the still unbaptized baby from evil forces, since the Guardian Angel appears in children only at the age of one year, and according to some beliefs, at the time of baptism.
The child received his next amulet from Mother Nature herself - this was his first milk tooth, which during the change of teeth should be hidden and kept all his life as an amulet or talisman / amulet. Until the moment when the child was toothless, he was considered an easy prey of evil spirits, so it was not customary to leave him alone for a single minute.
An important and powerful amulet for him was a shaky - a kind of hanging cradle, bast or made of vines, wood or wooden slats, with a canopy sewn from his mother's skirt.
Inside such a bulge, under a children's mattress, they hid two cross-cut knives or scissors (opened in the form of a cross). There they also put a handwritten version of the prayer “Holy relics” from the 90th psalm or, to choose from, a prayer (also written by hand) to the “Honest Cross”.
From evil spirits penetrating the house at night, the baby was protected with the help of amulets. For example, a broom for the night "on the handle" on the threshold to the baby's room, an alternative was an ax, also installed at night on the threshold with the blade up.
Protective dolls-motankas There was a custom to specially smear the child's face with soot from the oven, so that he would not be recognized and carried away by evil spirits. Soot was also smeared on the skin in the projection of the joints and bones of the child, forming a sacred cross.
A belt embroidered with protective symbols was put on the child when he reached the age of one year. It was a beautiful family ritual, to which neighbors and friends were not invited, but only the godparents of the baby. He was solemnly girded with this belt, which was supposed to strengthen his protection outside the house.
The baby's mother, with her caring hands, sewed the belt in advance and embroidered it with a protective pattern, the symbols of which were always passed on to the new generation of the family. In the event of the death or sudden death of a baby, this belt, intended only for him, was buried with him.
At the age of seven, it was customary for a child to pin an ordinary pin to his clothes (head down), but more often it was worn by girls.
As a talisman, the boys had to carry some sharp object in their pocket - a nail, a planing knife, an awl handed to him by the hands of their father.
For many centuries, Russian people surrounded their home, themselves and their loved ones with amulets. Nowadays, we use the same protective symbols, however, we often wear them in the form of pendants and other jewelry. Today, along with man-made amulets, you can buy a ready-made Russian amulet or jewelry with the corresponding symbols. Many amulets have lost their relevance over time, some have transformed and taken on a new form, but Russian people have not lost faith in their magical power.
- Maiden grape. An unpretentious vine that can change the color of the leaves from bright green in spring to crimson in autumn. In the fruitful period, in addition to external beauty, it appears in the form of clusters of blue-black berries, if you choose the right variety, then in addition to beauty, you can make grape, jam or wine every year. It grows very quickly up to 20 m in height. It tolerates winter easily and does not require a special place for landing, as it feels equally good both in the shade and in the sun.
- Clematis. Despite the exotic name, it is very common in summer cottages. Outwardly - long green lashes with small flowers of white, pink or purple hue. Small stars during the flowering period cover the entire area, making it unique. At the same time, the plant does not require careful care and constant watering, but grows like a “weed”.
- Ivy. It is classified as a poisonous plant, so when planting and caring for it, you should follow safety measures and work with gloves. At the same time, beautiful carved green leaves can densely cover any hedge, turning it into a miracle of nature. It tolerates cold well, therefore it is common in Russia, and can also grow on the sunny or shady side of the site.
- Climbing rose. Flowers have a pleasant aroma and delicate beauty from nature. They love fertile soil, so in the spring it is worth making mineral or special fertilizers. Rapid growth, not only in height, but also in width, will quickly cover the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe fence, adding to it causticity and beauty. It is necessary to plant a plant at a distance of a meter from each other.
- Actinidia- a useful and unpretentious creation of nature. The beauty of the leaves and flowers results in edible fruits that taste like sweet peppers or gooseberries. Berries are rich in vitamin C, which is so lacking in city life. In height, the plant reaches 15 m, wrapping around the entire provided support. It tolerates frost well, surviving even in Siberia.
This is only a part of the plants that can become a wonderful living pattern in the country house or around a private house. Care for each variety and species is different, but not as thorough as for indoor species. Some can be trimmed to keep them from growing too wide.
Fast-growing climbing plants for giving with a photo and a name, as well as recommendations for care
Perennial climbing plants are very diverse. When choosing an option for a summer cottage, it should be borne in mind that you do not live there permanently, as in, therefore, the care of flowers and shrubs should be minimal.
Despite little care for living decor, many species can surpass specially grown garden crops in their beauty and benefits. Let us consider in detail the most popular and interesting specimens with photos and some recommendations for care.
Varieties of flowering perennial loaches for country fences
Blooming perennial loaches are an excellent option for vertical gardening of a summer cottage. They can decorate not only the fence, but also arches or even the house itself. The choice of plant must be taken carefully so that it tolerates the type of soil and climatic conditions well. And also important is the appearance, which should correspond to the overall composition of the site.
Among the most common and easy-to-care plants are:
- actinidia;
- bougainvillea;
- Chinese wisteria;
- decorative honeysuckle;
- rooting kampsis;
- honeysuckle;
- kirkazon;
- clematis;
- Siberian prince;
- Chinese lemongrass;
- climbing rose;
- eccremocarpus;
- echinocystis.
Let's talk about each species in more detail, including methods for caring for plants. So that you can choose the right option for yours, below are photos of the varieties of flowers.
Actinidia: planting and plant care
Actinidia belongs to the species of woody vines. In nature, it grows in Southeast Asia and the Himalayas, as well as in the Far East. One of the varieties of the family is kiwi, the fruits of which are known to everyone.
Deciduous perennial actinidia with whole or thin leaves is used as a decorative element. It is the interesting shape of the foliage that makes this vine an excellent option for decorating fences in summer cottages. And mainly two varieties are used:
- Arguta- length reaches 20 m, blooms in June, and bears fruit in September. Berries taste similar to gooseberries.
- Kolomikta- outwardly similar to the first type, but differs in non-simultaneous ripening of fruits that reach maturity from August to late autumn. And also the roughness of the leaves serves as an additional decor.
Thinking about what is better to choose: actinidia arguta or kolomikta, summer residents rely on the taste and ripening time of the fruit. And also on small external differences of plants.
As for planting and caring for actinidia, they are common to any option:
| Purchase | It is better to purchase seedlings that are presented in garden stores. When choosing, pay attention to the root system, which must be protected from wind and heat, otherwise the plant will die. Buy options with a closed root system under the age of 3 years. |
| disembarkation | You need to buy female and male versions of the plant for pollination and fruit production. Planted in partial shade. You can choose a place along or a fence. You should not place the plant near apple trees, as such a neighborhood is unacceptable. And also choose a site on land to prevent waterlogging of the root system. Be sure to plant in the spring before sap flow at a distance of a meter from each other. |
| Care | Weeding is required near the plant during the period of active growth. If you notice, be sure to treat with special means. Watering is required only in dry summers. |
| top dressing | Mineral fertilizers are used in spring. For each m² of land, 35 g of nitrogen, 20 g of phosphorus and potash fertilizers are applied. Autumn nourishes the soil after harvest. |
| pruning | Proper care stimulates the growth of new shoots. it is possible at the age of 3 years, when actinidia gets stronger. Throughout the summer, you can give the desired shape. |
| Wintering | For the period of cold weather, it is necessary to cover the plant. To do this, make a layer of 2-3 cm of dry leaves around the trunk. Such care is required only for young shoots. |
By following all the recommendations, you will grow beautiful actinidia in your area, which will not only turn into a living fence, but will also bear valuable fruits rich in vitamins. To make it easier to understand the features of the plant, watch the video:
Bougainvillea: cultivation and care in the garden
Bougainvillea is a small climbing shrub with thorns. In nature, it grows in Brazil and blooms for 9 months in a row. Decorative varieties have a different shape, large and colorful flowers from lilac to white.
Such a beautiful and exotic plant does not require careful care, but it is worth following the recommendations:
| reproduction | Cuttings are cut off in late spring or early summer. Then, they are placed for 3 hours in warm water, then dipped in root root powder and planted in the ground. The soil is the same as for an adult plant, but peat is added instead of humus. |
| Care | This is a sun loving plant. And for the winter, you should cover or wrap bougainvillea, especially the root system, so that the temperature does not fall below +8 ⁰С. |
| Watering and feeding | Often stands during active growth, and spraying with warm water also has a good effect on the plant. In spring and early summer, mineral or organic fertilizers can be applied twice a week. |
| pruning | The appearance of the flower depends entirely on this process. Pruning that stimulates the growth of lateral shoots is carried out in spring and autumn. And during the summer, you can decoratively trim the tips of the branches. |
Bougainvillea is a fairly thermophilic plant, so it is unlikely to be suitable for growing conditions in Siberia. But in central Russia, it is quite possible to wrap a flower for the winter, and enjoy the beauty of its colors all summer long.
To make it easier to care for bougainvillea, watch the video on the topic:
Chinese wisteria: planting and care
White or light purple flower clusters will draw the attention of passers-by to your unusual summer cottage. All summer, wisteria gives the extraordinary beauty of the inflorescences, while it grows well in open ground and does not require careful care.
Among all the varieties, the most popular is Chinese wisteria, whose height reaches 20 m, and the brushes have a pleasant lilac hue and can grow 30 cm in length. Even if you prefer a different variety, you should pay attention to a few recommendations for care:
| disembarkation | A perennial plant requires a lot of space for a good development of the root system. At the same time, choose a place where the sun will openly shine for at least half a day on wisteria. As for the soil - plant in a slightly alkaline medium in early spring. |
| Care | Young shoots should be tied up so that the trunk can withstand heavy loads of flowering vines. For the winter, the plants are wrapped up, removing the shoots from the supports. |
| Watering | Do not overmoisten the soil, otherwise the root system will rot. In September, they practically stop watering wisteria in order to. |
| pruning | In early summer or late spring, it is necessary to prune the branches for proper bud formation. Last year's shoots are left no more than 30 cm. After the formation of buds, the shoots should be shortened a little more (by 2 buds). |
| Wintering | Especially carefully monitor the young shoots, which must be wrapped up for the winter. They are removed from the supports and laid on the ground, lightly sprinkled with earth on top and make a layer of fallen leaves. And also lay a special material to fully protect the plant. |
More detailed care instructions are presented in the video material:
Decorative curly honeysuckle: photos and some care tips
Honeysuckle is a familiar name for Russia. Many summer residents plant this beautiful climbing plant with a growth height of up to 6 m in their plots. It is perfect for vertical decor, so honeysuckle is placed along fences or next to the walls of buildings and.
It is unpretentious, grows quickly and gives abundant flowering in summer with a pleasant delicate aroma. Just do not taste the fruits of honeysuckle - they are inedible. Few care tips:
- Buy seedlings under the age of 3 years and without damage to the root system.
- Plant in early autumn or late spring in a pit 50 by 50 by 50 cm and a meter apart.
- When planting, add 100 g of superphosphate and 50 g of potash fertilizers to the soil. Water with warm water.
- Honeysuckle loves moisture, so it requires water throughout the period until autumn to prepare the plant for winter. Watering should be in the evening and it is better to loosen the soil beforehand.
- Pruning is done after the first year of life in the open field. The more often you shorten the branches, the more abundant the plant will bloom.
- Decorative honeysuckle does not like frost, so the root system should be carefully covered.
Here are some interesting photo examples of plants for decorating fences and other elements of summer cottages:
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Kampsis rooting: photos and breeding methods
Campsis is a beautiful and delicate plant, suitable for creating a hedge or decorating a house. This perennial liana raises its tent to a height of 15 m. The shoots spiral around the support, and with age, the trunks become stiff and resemble the outlines of fairy-tale trees.
Inflorescences are collected from several large orange or scarlet tubular flowers, pleasing the voice from June to September. Kampsis rooting came from North America, and to grow such beauty, you should follow a few simple rules:
| Landing recommendations | A shrub can grow in any soil, but for abundant flowering it is better to choose a fertile and loose soil. Before planting seedlings, it is worth fertilizing the ground in the form of humus or complex mineral compounds. The ideal time for transplanting into open ground is early April, when there will be no more winter frosts. |
| Care and watering | Kampsis easily tolerates drought, but for abundant flowering it is better to water regularly. Additional feeding is not required, and pruning should be done in the spring before bud formation or in the fall after the growing season. |
| Wintering | Winter hardiness of Kampsis rooting is average. If the frost does not exceed -20⁰С, you can not insulate, but only protect the root system with a layer of fallen leaves. |
| reproduction | You can grow it yourself from seeds, but you will have to wait seven years for the first flowering. It is easier and faster to purchase seedlings or make layering. To do this, dig a few shoots growing close to the ground. |
Important! Kampsis rooting can grow roots in the cracks of the foundation and walls of the house, rising to the roof, so it is recommended to use a trellis for planting.
Here are some tips in the shrub care video:
Honeysuckle honeysuckle: photo, planting and care
Fragrant honeysuckle honeysuckle is very much in demand in the gardens of Russia. Many summer residents and owners of private houses plant this shrub for vertical gardening, decorating fences, houses and.
The flowers are small and graceful look great on the "hedge" during the flowering period. There is nothing difficult in planting and caring for the plant, so even novice gardeners can handle it. Here are a few guidelines to follow:
- It is better to plant immediately in a permanent place in well-moistened and loosened soil.
- Add fertilizer in the form of humus, peat or organic mixtures to the pit prepared for planting.
- In the process of active growth, it is worth fertilizing the vine with potassium mixtures once every 2 weeks.
- The shrub tolerates heat well, but from severe frosts it is worth wrapping the root system.
- During the fertilization period, it will be useful to mulch the soil, which reduces the growth rate of weeds and maintains soil moisture.
- The liana should be shaped not only due to the support that it will wrap around, but also pruned to give splendor to the plant.
By following these simple rules, you can easily grow a beautiful decor from a tent of leaves on your site. In addition to honeysuckle, there are several more common varieties:
- Honeysuckle Brown. The leaves are in the form of an ellipsis, the underside of which has a bluish tint. The flowers are usually red-orange. Blooms from June to October. With proper care, the vine is able to survive even the most severe frosts.
- Honeysuckle Henry. Flowers of a yellow-red hue, pleasing with their beauty from July to August. The fruits are blue-black and the foliage is bright green.
- Honeysuckle Hecrott. The vine reaches a height of 6 m, and a width of up to 4 m, so the plant should be planted at a distance of at least 1 m from each other. It grows vertically and curls strongly. The leaves are dark bluish-green, and the flowers have a yellow-white edge. It is better to grow in partial shade. Frost tolerates well.
Choose the right honeysuckle variety that will delight you with its beauty and aroma for a long time. Moreover, plant care is minimal, which means that you will spend little effort.
Kirkazon Manchurian: features of care
Kirkazon is a perennial vine. It has another name - aristolochia. There are about 360 species growing in the tropical zone. This exotic shrub will be a wonderful decoration for any personal plot.
It has lush foliage with sharp heart-shaped tips. Differs in endurance and high growth rate. In length, one branch can reach 10 m. The flowers are creamy brown, and the leaves are covered with light hairs, giving a special charm to the plant.
To grow kirkazon vines, you should follow a few rules for planting and care:
| disembarkation | Spring and autumn are great for planting shrubs in open ground. Choose a place without direct sunlight, partial shade is best. Be sure to make a layer of rubble with sand in the pit. It is best to take root cuttings under the age of 3 years. Keep a distance of 1 m between plants. |
| Care | Be sure to water the plant regularly, make sure that the top layer of soil does not dry out. An adult vine requires about 10 liters of water. In summer, in the heat, the leaves are additionally sprayed. Too high branches and dried shoots should be cut. And also, twice a season, feed the soil with mullein tincture at a concentration of 1 to 10. |
Here are a few photo examples of how kirkazon is used in the landscape design of various sites:
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Clematis: planting and care in the open field
Delicate clematis flowers attract the attention of many gardeners. Large flowers of a wide variety of shades, falling down like a waterfall, will become an amazing decoration for any fence. The variability of varieties allows everyone to choose the right option for themselves.
For proper care of clematis in the open field, simple recommendations should be followed:
- For planting seedlings, choose a place with plenty of sunlight, but protected from wind and waterlogging of the soil.
- When planting along the house, leave at least half a meter for the roots to grow. And it is not recommended to plant along a dense metal fence, as there is too much heat from it in summer.
- Feed the dug hole 60 by 60 cm with mineral fertilizers or a homemade mixture of compost, humus, garden soil and sand.
- It is worth planting in spring or summer, but choose seedlings with a closed root system and use the method of transferring from a pot to the ground.
- Water the shrub abundantly 1-2 times a week, if a strong heat is established, then increase the number of watering by 2 times.
- For wintering, all dried leaves are removed, and a “pillow” of insulation is made from them for the period of cold weather.
The prince is a close relative of clematis. Liana has beautiful bell flowers and graceful foliage. Looks beautiful as a frame for a fence or terrace. Caring for the plant is not difficult, but it is worth watering and cutting off the shoots on time.
To avoid problems with growing the Siberian prince, follow a few care recommendations:
| Planting a plant | The best time for planting is mid-May. For the creeper, prepare a hole measuring 60 by 60 by 60 cm and apply fertilizer from humus and compost, as well as some wood ash. If the acidity of the soil is increased in the area, you can add slaked lime. Be sure to make drainage from small pebbles and sand. For planting, choose cuttings at the age of 2 years - they take root best in new conditions. |
| Watering | The prince does not like too dry soil, so watering should be done once a week so that the soil is well saturated up to 0.5 m deep. During the strong summer heat, the number of times should be increased to 2-3 in 7 days. |
| top dressing | Once every 2 months, replenish the soil balance with microelements by applying mineral fertilizers with urea and mullein. |
| Care | It is imperative to mulch the soil: for this there are special ones that allow you to ensure the flow of oxygen, reduce the formation of weeds and avoid drying out of the roots. For the winter, the plant should be covered. |
How to arrange a flower on your site? Here are a few photo examples of a planted vine:
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Schisandra chinensis: cultivation and care
Chinese lemongrass is a useful and beautiful shrub with edible fruits. Liana is covered with greenery from early spring to autumn, during the flowering period it pleases with whiteness and fragrant aroma of flowers, and in autumn bright red clusters of fruits appear against the background of yellowing foliage.
The plant is hardy and tolerates frost well. It is enough to follow a few recommendations for the care and planting in open ground, and the perennial liana will delight you with its beauty for a long time, bringing benefits:
- It is best to plant cuttings and at the end of April. Creepers are placed at a distance of a meter from each other and in pits up to 40 cm deep. The addition of mineral fertilizers is also mandatory.
- During the growing season, it is recommended to feed every 2-3 weeks with mullein in a ratio of 1 to 10. The shrub begins to bloom and bear fruit only at 6-7 years of age.
- Water frequently and spray the foliage with warm water.
- Be sure to make supports so that the vine can curl freely.
- Pruning of the vine is carried out only from the 3rd year of life, while the shoots are thinned out, leaving only 3-6 of the strongest. It is better to shorten the branches in the fall, when active flowering is over.
- For the winter, a layer of fallen leaves is laid on the soil to the trunk of young shoots. Mature creepers do not need shelter.
Harvested in the fall, the berries are dried and used as tinctures or added to tea. For more information about caring for Chinese lemongrass, see the video:
White bryony is a common type of country liana. Easy to care for and unpretentiousness allows you to plant a plant in Russia, without fear for the winter cold.
To create a dense hedge, it is enough to take care of the vine quite a bit:
- Plant a shrub on the sunny side of the site in any loosened soil. It is worth making a frame in advance, as the vine grows quickly.
- Propagated by tubers or seeds, planting them in the ground in the fall, and observing germination in the spring.
- For the winter, it is still worth sheltering the plant from severe frosts.
There are no requirements for watering and top dressing, so even a novice gardener can grow such a hedge.
