December 1st military glory day class hour. Methodological development of a class hour on the topic: “Day of Military Glory of Russia. Viewing the contents of the presentation “Days of Military Glory”

April 18, 1242 - Victory Day of the Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipsi (Battle of the Ice). The reason is the invasion of German knights into Northwestern Rus' in order to enrich themselves and seize new lands. Participants are German knights (Livonian Order). The Russian army led by Alexander Nevsky. Historical significance - victory of Russian troops. Peace was concluded on terms dictated by the Russian side. The movement of Western invaders into Rus' was stopped. The Battle of the Ice was an example of military tactics and strategy.

DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA September 21, 1380 – Day of victory of the Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo The reason is the offensive of the Mongol-Tatar troops on Moscow with the aim of its complete subjugation to the power of the Tatar khan. The participants are the Mongol-Tatar army led by Mamai, the Russian army led by Dmitry Donskoy. Historical significance - The Battle of Kulikovo is the first major victory against the Tatar conquerors. Moscow turned into the center of the liberation struggle against the Mongol-Tatar yoke. This accelerated the process of unifying Russian lands around Moscow.

DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA November 4, 1612 - The day of the liberation of Moscow by the forces of the people's militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from Polish invaders. The reason is the threat of the loss of Russian national independence under the influence of Polish invaders who invaded the Russian state. Participants - Polish interventionists, Russian people's militia (nobles, townspeople, peasants) led by Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, merchant Kuzma Minin.

DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA July 10, 1709 - Day of the victory of the Russian army under the command of Peter I over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava (1709). The reason - on the part of Russia - is the struggle for access to the Baltic Sea. On the Swedish side, Russia is isolated from sea routes. The capture of Poltava in order to replenish supplies and open the way for an attack on Russian lands. Participants - Swedish regiments led by King Charles XII, Russian regiments led by Tsar Peter I. Historical significance - the military power of Sweden was undermined. The outcome of the northern war is predetermined. Russia's international authority has increased.

DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA August 9, 1714 - The day of the first naval victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter I over the Swedes at Cape Gangut. The reason is the dominance of the Swedish fleet in the Baltic Sea. Participants are the Swedish fleet of Vice Admiral Vatrang and the Russian fleet under the command of Admiral Apraksin and Tsar Peter I. Historical significance - the first victory of the young Russian fleet over the strong Swedish fleet. The victory raised the spirit of the Russian troops. The Battle of Gangut is a symbol of Russian naval glory.

DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA September 9, 1790 – Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of F.F. Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra. December 24, 1790 - Day of the capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov. The reason is that the blockade of the Danube by Turkish troops prevented the Russians from continuing their offensives. The reluctance of the Turkish Sultan to come to terms with the assertion of Russia on the northern coast of the Black Sea. Participants - Turkish squadron, Russian squadron led by Rear Admiral F. Ushakov, Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov.

DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA Historical significance - Victories at Cape Tendra forced the Turks to lift the blockade of the Danube and created favorable conditions for the offensive of the Russian army and navy. The first century of the fleet's existence ended with brilliant success. The capture of the Izmail fortress influenced the course of the war and the conclusion of the Peace of Iasi between Russia and Turkey in 1791, which confirmed the annexation of Crimea to Russia and established the Russian-Turkish border along the Dniester River. The entire northern Black Sea region was assigned to Russia. Russia has firmly strengthened its position on the northern coast of the Black Sea.

DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA September 8, 1812 – Day of the Battle of Borodino of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army The reason is the attack of French troops on Moscow. The participants are the French army led by Napoleon. The Russian army led by Field Marshal M.I. Kutuzov.

DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA Historical significance - The Battle of Borodino predetermined and prepared the defeat of the French army. At the cost of huge losses, the French pushed back the Russian troops, but did not achieve decisive success. The Battle of Borodino is a symbol of perseverance and heroism in defense of the Motherland.

DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA February 23, 1918 - Day of the Red Army's victory over the Kaiser's troops of Germany - Day of Defenders of the Fatherland. The reason is Germany’s reluctance to conclude an agreement with Russia on peaceful terms “without annexations and indemnities.” The participants are the Kaiser's troops of Germany. Workers' and Peasants' Army. Historical significance - Victory of the Red Army near Narva and Pskov over the German conquerors. The birthday of the Red Army is the Day of Defender of the Fatherland.

DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA Historical significance – The Battle of Moscow – the enemy’s attempts to break through to Moscow were thwarted. The enemy was thrown back 150 - 400 kilometers. The Battle of Stalingrad was a radical turning point in the war and determined the further course of the entire Second World War.

EXTRA-CLASSROOM ACTIVITY

Extracurricular event “Days of Military Glory of Russia!”

Extracurricular activity using ICT.

Technology: personality-oriented.

Goals and objectives:

Educational:
Expanding students’ knowledge about the heroic pages of the history of our Fatherland, the significance of victories in the military history of Russia.

Developmental:
Development of horizons, the ability to conduct a competent dialogue with a computer, development of cognitive interest, development of logical thinking, speech and attention.

Educational:
Fostering patriotism, citizenship, love for the Motherland, and a sense of pride in the country.
Fostering a general and information culture, hard work, perseverance, patience, respect for computer technology, instilling in students the skills of independence in work.

Equipment:

Computers with Windows XP and Microsoft Office software.

Presentation “Days of Military Glory of Russia”.

Interactive tests with automated result calculation.

Forms for supporting notes.

Time: 45 minutes

Location: computer science room.

Lesson plan.

Organizing time.

Learning new material. Compilation of supporting notes by students.

Fixing the material (test). Working at the computer.

Summing up the results of an extracurricular activity.

During the classes:

I . Organizing time.

The life safety teacher announces the topic and purpose of the lesson; explains the procedure for carrying it out.

Learning new material.

Life Safety Teacher:

You have note forms at your work places (Appendix No. 1). During the event, fill in the gaps left in them using the presentation and story of your comrades.

The victories of Russian weapons over the enemies of the Fatherland have always been widely celebrated by the Russian public. Reviving one of the best Russian military traditions, on March 13, 1995, the Federal Law “On the Days of Military Glory (Victory Days) of Russia” was adopted, the list of which included the most outstanding events of military history. In accordance with this law, days of military glory of Russia have been established.

Next, students individually view a presentation on the computer about the days of military glory. While working with the presentation, students fill out note forms and prepare short reports on educational issues. At the end of the viewing, they take turns delivering their prepared messages.

Sample message text.

1. April 18 - Victory Day of the Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipsi. On this day in 1242, a decisive battle took place that finally liberated the Russian land from the German invaders. It went down in history as the Battle of the Ice. This victory strengthened the morale of the Russian people and instilled hope for success in the fight against foreign invaders. Alexander Nevsky was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.

2. September 21 - Victory Day of the Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo. The Mongol-Tatar yoke brought terrible disasters to Russian soil. In 1380, the ruler of the Golden Horde, Khan Mamai, went on a great campaign against Rus'. Prince Dmitry, at the head of the Russian army, opposed him; he decided to defeat the hordes of Mamai before they invaded the depths of the Russian land. The victory of Russian soldiers on the Kulikovo Field seriously undermined the military power of the Golden Horde and accelerated its subsequent collapse. It contributed to the further growth and strengthening of the Russian unified state and raised the role of Moscow as a center of unification.

3. November 7 – Day of the liberation of Moscow by the people’s militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from Polish invaders. In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, Rus' suffered severe trials. The period of unrest and chaos lasted 15 years. The threat of loss of national independence loomed over Russia. This caused deep concern in patriotic circles of the nobility and other classes of the entire population. In Nizhny Novgorod, the formation of a militia began, which played a decisive role in the liberation of Moscow from the Poles. It consisted of detachments of nobles, townspeople, peasants, and residents of the Volga region of all nationalities. The townspeople nominated Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky as the leader of the militia. Together with him, the organizer and leader of the militia was Kuzma Minin. In August 1612, militia detachments defeated the Polish army near the capital. The news of the liberation of Moscow inspired the whole country. Conditions were created for the restoration of state power in Russia. Grateful descendants unveiled a monument in the Russian capital. On its granite pedestal is inscribed in bronze letters: “To Citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky, grateful Russia, summer 1818.”

4. July 10 - Victory Day of the Russian army under the command of Peter 1 over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava. In 1700-1721, Russia fought a difficult Northern War with Sweden for the return of ancestral Russian lands and access to the Baltic Sea. The victory at Poltava predetermined the victorious outcome of the Northern War for Russia.

5. August 9 – Day of the first naval victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter I over the Swedes at Cape Gangut. The naval battle at Cape Gangut is a glorious page in the history of the Russian fleet. This was the first naval victory over the strongest Swedish fleet at that time, which had never known defeat until then. St. Petersburg solemnly welcomed the heroes of Gangut. Volleys of artillery salutes thundered over the city, thousands of residents of the capital filled the embankments of the Neva, along which victorious Russian ships with captured Swedish ships followed. Peter1 called the victory at Gangut “the second Poltava.”

6. December 24 - Day of the capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov. This event occurred during the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-1791 and was of particular significance. In an effort to avoid bloodshed, Suvorov sent an ultimatum to the commandant of Izmail to surrender the fortress. The commandant was so confident in the impregnability of the fortress that his answer became a catchphrase: “It is more likely that the sky will fall to the ground and the Danube will flow upward than Ishmael will surrender.” Izmail was taken by the Russian army, which was outnumbered by the fortress garrison. For the capture of Izmail, in honor of A.V. Suvorov, Catherine II ordered a medal to be knocked out and established an officer’s gold cross with the inscription “For excellent courage.”

7. September 8 - Day of the Borodino battle of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army. In June 1812, the French army under the command of Napoleon invaded Russia, expecting a quick victory. However, Napoleon's plans were not destined to come true. The commander-in-chief of the Russian army, M.I. Kutuzov, decided to stop the advance of Napoleon’s army towards Moscow near the village of Borodino. It is 120 km here. the capital decided to give a general battle.

8. December 1 - Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of P. S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop. The naval battle of Sinop took place at the very beginning of the Crimean War. This was the last major battle of sailing ships and the first in which bomb guns (that is, fired explosive shells) were used. In the Sinop battle, the effectiveness of the advanced system of training and education of Black Sea soldiers was clearly demonstrated. The high combat skill shown by the sailors was achieved through persistent study, training, campaigns, and mastery of all the intricacies of maritime affairs.

9. February 23 – Victory Day of the Red Army over the Kaiser’s troops in Germany – Defender of the Fatherland Day. On February 23, 1918, the young Workers' and Peasants' Red Army stopped the advance of German troops near Pskov and Narva. This day began to be considered the birthday of the Red Army, and later – the Day of Defender of the Fatherland.

10. December 5 - The day of the start of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops near Moscow. In terms of the number of troops, military equipment and weapons, the scope and intensity of hostilities, the battle of Moscow in 1941 was one of the largest in the history of the Second World War. For valor and courage shown in fierce and bloody battles, 36 thousand soldiers and officers were awarded orders and medals. The Battle of Moscow was the beginning of a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War.

11. February 2 - The day of the defeat of the Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad. On September 13, the enemy launched an assault on Stalingrad, intending to throw its defenders into the Volga with a powerful blow. Fierce fighting broke out, especially in the area of ​​the station and for Mamayev Kurgan. The fight was for every street, every block, every building. The intensity of the fighting is evidenced by the fact that the station changed hands 13 times over the course of two days. On November 19, 1942, an avalanche of fire and metal fell on the enemy. On February 2, 1943, the surrounded fascist troops were completely defeated. The victory at Stalingrad marked a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War and had a decisive influence on its entire further course.

12. January 27 – Day of lifting the blockade of the city of Leningrad. From the first days of the war, one of the strategic directions, according to the plans of the Nazi command, was Leningrad. Leningrad was among the most important targets targeted for capture. The battle for Leningrad, the longest during the entire Second World War, lasted 900 days. Leningraders showed examples of endurance and patriotism.

13. May 9 – Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Second World War of 1941–1945. The people defended the freedom and independence of their fatherland and saved world civilization from fascist enslavement. On May 8, representatives of the German military command signed the Act of Unconditional Surrender. On behalf of the Soviet command, the Act was signed by Marshal Zhukov. May 9 is the brightest holiday of the entire Russian people, the day of our unfading military glory.

History teacher.

– As historical experience shows, Russians have always been among the first in military matters. But not at all because of the love of conquest. This is how the history of the country developed - we always had to defend our independence. Therefore, unparalleled fortitude and courage are in the blood of Russian soldiers! Let us remember their glorious victories! Let us be worthy of their glory!

III . Fixing the material(test application No. 2)

To repeat and consolidate the material, students are asked to answer test questions.

To do this, open the file on the Desktop “Days of Military Glory of Russia” made in Excel and, after reading the question, select the correct answer from the list.

VII . Summing up the event.

In conclusion, the teacher gives a meaningful assessment of the results of the work of the group as a whole and individual students, focusing on positive achievements.

Annex 1.

Student's note form.

Last name, first name _______________________, group __________, date _____________.

The theme of the event: “Days of military glory of Russia.”

On March _________, the Federal Law “_____________________________________________” was adopted.

The calendar of memorable dates includes ________________ events of military history.

			Name of events.
			Battle on the Ice.
			Battle of Kulikovo.
			Liberation of Moscow from Polish invaders.
			Battle of Poltava.
			Naval victory at Cape Gangut.
			Capture of the Turkish fortress Izmail.
			Battle of Borodino.
			Battle of Cape Sinop.
			Victory of the Red Army over the Kaiser's troops in Germany.
			The beginning of the counteroffensive near Moscow.
			Battle of Stalingrad.
			Lifting the blockade of Leningrad.
			Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Second World War.

The ice battle took place on _____________________ lake. Russian troops acted under the leadership of ______________ ______________. In the Battle of Kulikovo, ______________ _____________ led the Russian army. The leaders of the first Russian militia against the Polish invaders were Prince ________________ ______________ and _____________ _____________. The Battle of Poltava and the Battle of Cape Gangut took place during the _____________ war. The Russian troops were commanded by Tsar _______________. The capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail took place under the command of the great Russian commander ___________________. The French army was defeated near Moscow by Russian troops under the command of ________________________. Under the command of the great Russian admiral ____________________, a significant battle took place at Cape Sinop. The act of surrender of Germany in 1945 was signed by ______________.

Appendix 2.

Test. Days of military glory of Russia.

1. Day of the victory of Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipus - (Battle of the Ice)

2.The day of the victory of Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo. (Battle of Kulikovo).

3. Day of the liberation of Moscow by the people’s militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from Polish invaders.

4. Day of the victory of the Russian army under the command of Peter over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava. (Battle of Poltava)

5.The day of the first naval victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter over the Swedes at Cape Gangut. (Victory at Cape Gangut)

6. The day of the capture of the Turkish fortress of Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov. (The Capture of Ishmael).

7.Day of the Battle of Borodino of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzova

with the French army. (Battle of Borodino).

8.Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of P.S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop. (Victory at Cape Sinop).

9.Victory Day of the Red Army over the Kaiser's troops in Germany.

Defender of the Fatherland Day.

10. The day of the start of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops near Moscow.

11. The day of the defeat of the Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad.

12. Day of lifting the blockade of the city of Leningrad.

13.Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War.

View presentation content
"Days of Military Glory"

Days of military glory - chronicle of the heroic valor of the Russian army

In all centuries, the heroism, courage of Russia, the power and glory of Russian weapons have been an integral part of the greatness of the Russian state. This Federal Law establishes the days of glory of Russian weapons - the days of military glory (victory days) of Russia (hereinafter referred to as the days of military glory of Russia).

The days of military glory of Russia are the days of glorious victories that played a decisive role in the history of Russia and in which Russian troops earned themselves the honor and respect of their contemporaries and the grateful memory of their descendants.

April 18th- Day of the victory of Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipsi (Battle of the Ice, 1242).

The battle took place on 5 (18) April 1242 at sunrise.

Seeing the approaching enemies, Alexander raised his hands to the sky: “Judge, O God, my dispute with this arrogant people.” The German knights, having formed a special battle formation - a wedge, crashed into the ranks of the Russians, tore their formation in two and seemed close to victory. A terrible roar from the blows of swords on shields and helmets, from the crack of breaking spears, from the screams and groans of the wounded stood over the battlefield. The ice turned purple with blood and cracked in places. At a time when the Germans were already rejoicing at the victory, Alexander with a spare regiment attacked them from the rear and disrupted their ranks. The Germans fled. Many drowned. Alexander Nevsky returned triumphantly after the Battle of the Ice to liberated Pskov.

September 21- Victory Day of the Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380)

September 8, 1380. Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy, the Moscow prince, stood with his army on the Kulikovo field to prevent the hordes of Khan Mamai from entering Rus'.

Both troops met. The hero Chelubey rode out from the Tatar ranks, loudly challenging his opponent. Monk Peresvet answered him. They grappled, and both fell dead, piercing each other with their spears.

Trumpets sounded and the battle began. For ten miles there is a bloody battle. “Dmitry was the first to fight and fought a lot with the Tatars,” the chronicle says. Under the pressure of the enemy cavalry, the Russian warriors retreated. Mamai triumphs at headquarters.

But no, the battle is not over! The regiments of Prince Serpukhovsky Vladimir Andreevich and governor Dmitry Mikhailovich Bobrok-Volynets struck from an ambush. The Tatars did not expect this. In horror, they threw down their weapons and fled.

This victory in 1380 at the Battle of Kulikovo was expensive. The Kulikovo Field has forever become a field of Russian glory.

November 7- Day of the liberation of Moscow by the people’s militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from Polish invaders (1612)

Difficult trials befell Rus' at the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries. Under the leadership of King Sigismund III, the Poles crossed the Russian border and in September 1609 besieged Smolensk. On the night of September 21, 1610, the boyar government allowed Polish troops into the capital.

In September 1611, the formation of a militia began in Nizhny Novgorod, which played a decisive role in the liberation of Moscow from the Poles. The townspeople nominated Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky as the leader of the militia. Together with him, the organizer and leader of the militia was Kuzma Minin, who came from the Nizhny Novgorod townspeople.

In August 1612 Militia detachments defeated the Polish army near the capital. The occupiers had their last refuge - the Kremlin, which came under heavy siege. On October 26, 1612, the Polish garrison capitulated.

This victory once again showed that in difficult times for the country, Russian people’s patriotic feelings are especially clearly manifested and their best qualities are revealed: selfless love for the Fatherland, the greatest valor and heroism, the ability to withstand the most difficult trials and defend their independence.

July 10- Victory Day of the Russian army under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes in the Battle of Latava (1709)

On June 27 (July 8), 1709, the general battle of the Northern War of 1700-1721 took place - the Battle of Poltava.

The Russian army under the command of Peter I defeated the Swedish army of Charles XII. The remnants of the Swedish troops surrendered at Perevolochna. Charles XII fled to Turkey.

The Battle of Poltava led to a turning point in the Northern War in favor of Russia.

August 9- The day of the first naval victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714)

The Gangut naval battle between the Russian and Swedish fleets during the Northern War (1700-1721) took place on July 26-27 (August 6-7, 1714, north of the Gangut (Hanko) peninsula on the Baltic Sea.

The Battle of Gangut was the first major victory of the regular Russian fleet over the Swedish fleet. The skillful use of the advantages of the rowing fleet in the skerries, the correct use of the breakthrough site, the decisiveness of the command, the heroism of the officers and sailors allowed the Russians to defeat part of the enemy forces in the presence of superior forces of the Swedish fleet. As a result, the Russian fleet received freedom of action in the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia.

The victory at Gangut was of great military and political significance, ensuring the successful operations of troops in Finland and creating conditions for the transfer of military operations to Swedish territory. Peter I highly appreciated the victory at Gangut, equating it to Poltava.

11 September- Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of F. F. Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra (1790)

On the morning of August 28 (September 8), a squadron under the flag of Rear Admiral F.F. Ushakov (10 battleships, 6 frigates) discovered 14 Turkish battleships and 8 frigates anchored near Tendra Island. Ushakov immediately attacked the enemy, without even changing into a battle formation from a marching one.

After an intense one and a half hour battle, the Turkish ships, having received serious damage, left the battle. At dawn the next day the battle resumed. The Russian squadron, under full sail, pursued the Turks, who were hastily heading towards the Bosphorus. As a result, several Turkish ships were destroyed, and the battleship Meleki-Bohri was captured.

The battle near the island of Tendra ended in complete victory for the Russian sailors, who defeated the Turkish fleet and opened the way for the rowing flotilla to the Danube

December 1- Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of P. S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop (1853)

The Sinop naval battle began on December 1 (November 18), 1853, at 12:30 p.m. and lasted until 5:00 p.m. The first to open fire on the Russian squadron entering the Sinop roadstead were Turkish ships and coastal batteries. The Russian ships, having taken advantageous positions and taking advantage of their superiority in artillery, returned fire.

Half an hour later, the Turkish flagship Avni-Allah and the frigate Fazli-Allah, engulfed in flames, ran aground, then other Turkish ships were set on fire or damaged, and Turkish coastal batteries were suppressed or destroyed.

In this battle, the Turks lost 15 of 16 ships and over 3 thousand people killed and wounded. About 200 people were taken prisoner, including Osman Pasha himself and the commanders of three ships. The Battle of Sinop was the last major battle between sailing ships and the last significant battle won by the Russian fleet

December 24- The day of the capture of the Turkish fortress Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov (1790)

With the beginning of the Russian-Turkish War of 1787 - 1791, Suvorov, with the rank of general-in-chief, was sent to command a corps in the army of G.A. Potemkin and won a series of brilliant victories at Kinburn (1787), at Focsani and Rymnik (1789); for the latter he was granted by Catherine II the title of Count of Rymniksky.

In 1790, Suvorov took the impregnable fortress of Izmail by storm, realizing his brilliant military plan and thereby deciding the success of the entire war.

8 September- Day of the Borodino battle of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army (1812)

On August 26, 1812, the Battle of Borodino began with attacks by French units. For 6 hours there were continuous attacks by the French on Bagration's flushes, which they occupied at the cost of huge human losses (in this battle P.I. Bagration was mortally wounded).

Subsequently, Napoleon shifted the direction of the main attack to the Raevsky Battery. Despite the fact that by 16 o'clock the Russians had left an almost completely destroyed battery, all of Napoleon's attempts to build on their success ended in failure.

At dusk, Napoleon withdrew his troops to their original positions. Thus, he failed to solve the main task - to defeat the Russians in a general battle and thereby win the war.

Borodino became the most important event in the Patriotic War of 1812, which predetermined the entire further course of the struggle. In the Battle of Borodino, both armies suffered huge losses, which turned out to be irreparable for the French.

February 23- Day of the victory of the Red Army over the Kaiser’s troops of Germany (1918) - Day of Defenders of the Fatherland

Defenders of the Fatherland Day originated in 1918 as the birthday of the Red Army to commemorate the victory at Narva and Pskov over the German conquerors.

Defenders of the Fatherland Day occupies a special place in the calendar of significant dates. On this day, Russians pay tribute and gratitude to military personnel, army and navy veterans, Afghan soldiers, and the families of those who were or remain in military service. The defenders of the Fatherland have always had a difficult fate. They were the first to stand in the way of those who encroached on the freedom of the country with a sword and did not spare their lives to save it.

Today the army is the basis of Russian statehood and the guarantor of stability in the country.

5th of December- The day of the start of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops against German and fascist troops in the Battle of Moscow (1941)

On December 6, the jubilant voice of announcer Yu.B. Levitan was heard in the daily radio report “From the Soviet Information Bureau”:

“On December 6, 1941, the troops of our Western Front, having exhausted the enemy in previous battles, launched a counteroffensive against his attack flank groups. As a result of the launched offensive, both of these groups were defeated and hastily retreated, abandoning equipment and weapons and suffering huge losses!”

For over 200 days there were furious, bitter and bloody battles, in which over 7 million soldiers and officers, about 53 thousand guns and mortars, about 6.5 thousand tanks and assault guns, and more than 3 thousand combat aircraft fought on both sides. The Battle of Moscow was a decisive military event in the first year of the Great Patriotic War.

February 2- Day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943)

The Battle of Stalingrad (1942-1943) - defensive (from July 17 to November 18, 1942) and offensive (from November 19, 1942 to February 2, 1943) operations carried out by Soviet troops with the aim of defending Stalingrad and defeating the group operating in the Stalingrad direction fascist German troops.

Battle of Stalingrad- one of the largest in World War II. It lasted 200 days. The fascist bloc lost about 1.5 million people killed, wounded, captured and missing. The Battle of Stalingrad made a decisive contribution to achieving a radical turning point in the course of not only the Great Patriotic War, but also the entire Second World War. As a result Battle of Stalingrad The Soviet Armed Forces wrested the strategic initiative from the enemy and held it until the end of the war.

August 23- Day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Kursk (1943)

Early in the morning of July 5, German troops from Army Groups “Center” and “South” under the command of Field Marshals H. G. Kluge and E. Manstein went on the offensive in the Kursk salient area.

On July 12, a counteroffensive began, which resulted in the largest oncoming tank battle of World War II, which took place near the village of Prokhorovka. 1,200 tanks and self-propelled artillery units took part in the battle. By the end of the day, the defeat of the Germans was obvious; they lost more than 3.5 thousand killed, 400 tanks, 300 vehicles.

The central front went on the offensive on July 15 and, overcoming stubborn enemy resistance, by July 30 its troops managed to advance to a depth of 40 km. On the evening of August 5 in Moscow, to commemorate the liberation of Orel and Belgorod, an artillery salute was fired for the first time during the war. During the Battle of Kursk, 30 German divisions were defeated, German losses amounted to more than 500 thousand soldiers and officers, about 1.5 thousand tanks, 3 thousand guns, and over 3.7 thousand aircraft.

One of the strategic tasks set by the leadership of Nazi Germany to the armed forces in the Barbarossa plan was the capture of the largest industrial and political center of the USSR, the city of Leningrad. During 1941-1944. A number of defensive and offensive operations took place in the city area, which in general can be called the “battle for Leningrad”. This battle involved significant forces of troops, equipment and civilians. On July 10, 1941, close combat began on the outskirts of the city. Units of the Soviet Army and the 10th People's Militia Division managed to slow down the advance of German troops at the "Luga Line" and give the city time to mobilize all its forces for defense.

Despite the heroic resistance of the city’s defenders, German troops managed to blockade the city from land on September 8, 1941. The city was under blockade until January 27, 1944.

In the battle for Leningrad, 350 thousand soldiers, officers and generals of the Soviet Army were awarded orders and medals, 226 of them were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. About 1.5 million people were awarded the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad". In the chronicle of the Great Patriotic War of 1914-1945. this battle took one of the most honorable places.

The Great Patriotic War was the largest armed conflict in human history. On a huge front stretching from the Barents to the Black Sea, from 8 to 12 million people fought on both sides at different periods, from 5 to 20 thousand tanks and self-propelled artillery units, from 150 to 320 thousand guns and mortars, from 7 to 19 thousand aircraft. The history of wars has never known such a huge scale of combat operations and the concentration of such a large mass of military equipment. The whole country stood up to fight the enslavers. At the front and in the rear, people of all nations and nationalities were united by one goal - to survive and win.

The war, which was a tragedy in almost every family, ended in victory for the USSR. On May 8, 1945, the act of unconditional surrender of Germany was signed. May 9 was declared Victory Day on May 8, 1945 by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to commemorate the victorious end of the Great Patriotic War. Since then, Victory Day has been celebrated all over the world.

"ABOUT THE DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY (VICTORY DAYS) OF RUSSIA"

Article 1. Days of military glory of Russia.

Article 2. Forms of perpetuating the memory of Russian soldiers.

Article 3. Organization of the days of military glory of Russia.

Article 4. Procedure for conducting military rituals.

Article 5. The procedure for holding days of military glory of Russia in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other troops.

Article 6. Financial support for holding days of military glory of Russia.

Article 7. Entry into force of this Federal Law.

"ABOUT THE DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY (VICTORY DAYS) OF RUSSIA" Article 3. Organization of days of military glory of Russia

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ORGANIZES:

• development of plans and programs for military-historical work;
• holding events aimed at perpetuating the memory of Russian soldiers who distinguished themselves in battles associated with the days of military glory of Russia;
• propaganda of days of military glory of Russia;
• installation of memorial structures and objects, creation of memorial museums and exhibitions dedicated to the days of military glory of Russia;
• implementation of measures for the preservation and improvement of memorial structures and objects perpetuating the days of military glory of Russia;
• development of draft international treaties of the Russian Federation to ensure the safety of memorial structures and objects perpetuating the days of military glory of Russia, which are located on the territories of foreign states, as well as participation in the implementation of these international treaties;
• coordination with the relevant organizations of foreign states on whose territories the specified memorial structures and objects are located, measures for their preservation and improvement;
• ensuring public order during the days of military glory of Russia.

A lesson in courage

"Days of military glory of Russia"

Target: introduce students to memorable dates of Russian military glory.

Tasks:

1. Introducing students to the historical memory of their homeland.
2. Development of students' creative abilities.
3. Education of youth in the spirit of patriotism and citizenship

“The history of Russia is rich in famous events. In all centuries, heroism, the courage of Russian soldiers, the power and glory of Russian weapons have been an integral part of the greatness of the Russian state,” as stated in the law “On the Days of Military Glory and Memorable Dates of Russia.” And in commemoration of the glorious victories of the Russian troops who played decisive role in history of our state, the law establishes DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA, which fifteen. Our story today is about them. We will talk about the heroes who defended our Motherland in difficult times, and their exploits, which will forever live in the soul of every Russian, causing pride in their ancestors and admiration for the strength and greatness of the Russian people.

A.S. Pushkin has these wonderful words: “It is not only possible, but also necessary, to be proud of the glory of your ancestors. Not to respect it is shameful cowardice.”

Day of lifting the siege of Leningrad (1944)

The capture of Leningrad, the northern gate of our country, and its complete destruction were planned by the Germans literally in the first days of the war. Already in July 1941, fierce battles took place on the closest approaches to the city; the suburbs of Leningrad - Kolpino and Pulkovo Heights - were occupied.

The blockade ring was broken in January 1943 on a narrow section of the southern shore of Lake Ladoga. Supply of Leningrad and the troops defending it was carried out through Ladoga along the Road of Life. That is why children, sick and wounded were taken out of the city. A year later, on January 27, 1944, the blockade was lifted completely. On this day, in honor of the complete liquidation of the blockade and the defeat of German troops near Leningrad, fireworks went off in the city.

After the salvo, the fireworks thunder.
Rockets in hot air
They bloom with variegated flowers.
And the Leningraders are quietly crying.
Yu. Voronov. January 27, 1944.

More than 930 thousand Soviet soldiers who defended this city were awarded the medal “For the Defense of Leningrad.”

The day of the defeat of Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943)

In July-August, the forward detachments of Colonel General Paulus repeatedly attempted to cross the Don and capture Stalingrad, but Soviet troops successfully repelled all enemy attacks. Gradually, the defensive struggle of our troops gave way to a decisive counteroffensive, which ended on November 30 with the encirclement of 22 German divisions numbering 330 thousand people. In January 1943, Soviet troops went on the offensive and on February 2 the battle ended with the complete defeat of German units. The defeat of the Nazi troops at Stalingrad marked the beginning of a fundamental change in the course of the entire Second World War.

The image of the Motherland is immortalized in the monument by sculptor E.V. Vuchetich in the city of Volgograd (1967)

Defender of the Fatherland Day - Day of the Red Army's victory over the Kaiser's troops in Germany (1918)

In the February days of 1918, when the First World War was going on, the troops of the Kaiser’s Germany rushed to Petrograd, creating a real threat to the capital of the Russian state. The old tsarist army could not stop the enemy; by that time it had practically ceased to exist. In this situation, mass mobilization was launched in the country with the aim of creating a new army.

On February 23, 1918, the Day of Defense of the Socialist Fatherland was held in St. Petersburg. The newly created Red Army regiments were sent to the front - they managed to stop German troops in the area of ​​​​Narva and Pskov. So February 23 became the birthday of the new army.

We are standing at our post
By platoon and company,
Immortal as fire.
Calm as granite.
We are the army of the country,
We are the army of the people.
Our great feat
History preserves.

R. Rozhdestvensky. We are the army of the people.

Since 1923, February 23, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council, began to be celebrated in our country as Red Army Day. Since 1946 it began to be called Soviet Army and Navy Day. Since 1995, according to the law of the Russian Federation “On days of military glory and memorable dates of Russia”, this day is celebrated as Defender of the Fatherland Day.

The main task of the Russian army, which today is called the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, has been and remains to reliably protect the Fatherland from external threats.

Day of the victory of Russian soldiers of Prince Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipsi (Battle of the Ice, 1242)

In the 13th century, not only Mongol-Tatars attacked Rus'. German and Swedish crusading knights constantly sought to conquer Rus' from the north.

On the ice of Lake Peipus, located at the mouth of the Neva, the army of the Livonian Order and the Russian army, the basis of which were Novgorod, met O Dets and Pskovites. Since they were wearing heavy metal armor, the thin April ice could not support their weight: the riders and their horses fell through the ice.

And it was headed by Alexander Yaroslavich, Prince of Novgorod and Novgorod O children's republic.

And, retreating before the prince,
Throwing spears and shields,
The Germans fell from their horses to the ground,
Raising iron fingers.

K. Simonov. Battle on the Ice

The victory of Russian warriors over the army of German feudal lords was of great military and political significance. The Livonian Order was forced to send its ambassadors to the Novgorodians in order to conclude a peace under which the crusaders renounced their claims to Russian lands.

After the Battle of Ice, Prince of Novgorod Alexander Yaroslavich received the name Alexander Nevsky.

Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky entered into people's memory as the Great Warrior and Defender of the Russian Land. He was canonized. In 1724, by order of Peter I, the relics of the holy noble prince Alexander Nevsky were transferred to St. Petersburg to the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, where they are kept to this day.

On the night of May 8-9, in the suburbs of Berlin, an act of unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany was signed. On behalf of the Soviet Supreme High Command, this historical document was signed by the Chief of the General Staff, Deputy Supreme Commander-in-Chief G.K. Zhukov. On behalf of the German High Command, the act was signed by the Chief of Staff of the Supreme High Command of the German Armed Forces, W. Keitel. The Great Patriotic War is over!

Remember these days.
Listen a little
And you - with your soul - will hear at the same hour:
She came and stood at the threshold,
She is ready to knock on the door...
Remember everything! And in everyday worries
Celebrate the purest reflection on everything.
Victory is on your doorstep.
Now she will come to you.
Meet me!

(O. Bergoltz)

Since then, May 9 has been celebrated as a national holiday - Victory Day and as a day of remembrance for those killed.

Day of the victory of the Russian army under the command of Peter I over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava (1709)

In 1700-1721, Russia waged the Northern War against Sweden for access to the shores of the Baltic Sea. Sweden was one of the most powerful European powers, and the army of the Swedish King Charles 12 was considered invincible until July 10, 1709. On this day, the legendary Battle of Poltava took place between Russian troops led by Peter 1 and the Swedes, which lasted about nine hours and brought victory to Russia.

The greatness of Peter 1 was immortalized in applied art - mosaic, by Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, the great Russian scientist and artist.

The day of the first victory in Russian history of the Russian fleet under the command of Peter I over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714)

The Battle of Gangut is the first outstanding victory of the Russian naval forces in the Northern War between Russia and Sweden. Before this, of course, there were brilliant victories of the Russians in the war with the Swedes - this is the Battle of Poltava, they were achieved thanks to the regular land army. But the Swedish fleet continued to dominate the Baltic Sea. Peter I is confident that without victories at sea, Russia will never be able to win a final victory in the Northern War.

... A Swedish squadron of 16 first-class battleships met at Cape Gangut with the Russian galley fleet under the command of Peter I and Admiral Fyodor Matveevich Apraksin. The three-hour battle, which ended in hand-to-hand combat, led to a complete victory over the Swedes: ten enemy ships were captured. The Russians did not lose a single ship.

This battle clearly demonstrated the naval skill of Peter I, who appeared before the Europeans as a brilliant naval tactician. This victory in the Baltic at Cape Gangut, which Peter himself compared with the victory at Poltava, opened the way for Russia to the vastness of the Baltic Sea.

The day of the defeat of the Nazi troops by Soviet troops in the Battle of Kursk (1943)

Trying to take revenge after the defeat at Moscow and Stalingrad, the Germans in the summer of 1943 developed a plan for a new offensive operation called “Citadel”.

The decisive battle in the Battle of Kursk took place on July 12 at Prokhorovsky field, which is considered the third field of Russian glory after Kulikov and Borodinsky.

During the Battle of Kursk, the cities of Orel and Belgorod were liberated, and on August 5 in Moscow, in honor of the troops of the Bryansk and Steppe fronts, who liberated these cities, a the first fireworks display in the history of the Great Patriotic War. Since then, Orel and Belgorod bear the title of cities of the First Salute, and now the titles of cities of military glory have been added to this.

The victory of the Soviet troops at the Kursk Bulge had a huge impact on the further course of the entire Second World War and created favorable conditions for the general offensive of the Soviet troops.

The day of the battle of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army near Borodino (1812)

The war with the French army under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte went down in history as the Patriotic War of 1812. It was truly national and caused a huge patriotic upsurge of Russian people of all classes and conditions. The Battle of Borodino is the main event of the Patriotic War of 1812 happened near the city of Mozhaisk, 124 km. from Moscow, near the village of Borodino.

In August 1812, after the Russian troops left Smolensk, the outstanding commander Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, a worthy student of A.V., was appointed as the new commander-in-chief of all armies operating against Napoleon. Suvorov. The Russian army no longer had the strength to drive the French back to the border. N at There was time to make up for the losses and save the army. And M.I. Kutuzov, at a military council in the village of Fili, makes a difficult decision to leave Moscow.

For five weeks the French army remained in the Mother See. Napoleon's hopes that Muscovites would bring him the keys to the city were not justified. Severe fires began in the capital, and in the end Bonaparte was forced to leave. And the Russian army, having gathered its forces, drove the enemy along the same road along which he was advancing, all the way to Paris.

The Battle of Borodino, the main event of the Patriotic War of 1812, marked the beginning of the near and final collapse of all Napoleon’s plans to capture Russia.

Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of F.F. Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra (1790)

The annexation of Crimea to Russia and the strengthening of the Russian fleet in the Black Sea after some time again led to a deterioration in Russian-Turkish relations. In 1787, Türkiye presented Russia with an ultimatum to return Crimea. Having received no positive response, the Turks declared a new war on the Russians. The defense of the Crimean coast was carried out by the Black Sea Fleet under the command of Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov.

Near the island of Tendra, Ushakov discovered a Turkish squadron. The enemies, taken by surprise, hastily weighed anchor, preparing to leave for the Danube. The Russian squadron did not allow the Turks to carry out their maneuver and immediately entered the battle. The Russian squadron won the battle and had no losses. As a result of the victory of the Russian squadron, the Black Sea became free for the Russian fleet to operate.

Victory Day of the Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380)

In the summer of 1380, terrible news came to Moscow: the powerful Tatar military leader Mamai was threatening Rus' with a new invasion, setting himself the goal of breaking the growing power of Rus' and increasing its dependence on the Horde.

Moscow Prince Dmitry appealed to all Russian princes to join forces to fight the Mongol-Tatars. In 30 days, a large army gathered (up to 100-150 thousand people), consisting mainly of Muscovites and soldiers of the Russian lands, who recognized the power of the Moscow prince.

On the morning of September 21, Russian regiments crossed from the left to the right bank of the Don at the confluence of the Nepryadva River and occupied the area called Kulikovo field.

The Battle of Kulikovo was of great historical significance in the struggle of the Russian and other peoples against the Mongol-Tatar yoke. Although it did not lead to its liquidation, a strong blow to the dominance of the Golden Horde was dealt on the Kulikovo Field, which accelerated its subsequent collapse.

An important consequence of the battle was the strengthening of Moscow's role in the formation of the Russian state. After the victory on the Kulikovo field, the leader of the Russian army, Moscow Prince Dmitry, received the name Dmitry Donskoy.

Day of National Unity - Day of the liberation of Moscow from the Poles by the people's militia led by K. Minin and D. M. Pozharsky (1612)

The beginning of the 17th century was a time of troubles for the Russian state. During this period, it was weakened by anarchy; numerous impostors laid claim to the Russian throne.

In such internal political conditions, Russia was rapidly losing its independence from external enemies. The north-west and west of the country were occupied by the Poles, and the Swedes ruled in ancient Novgorod. The Polish garrison was even in Moscow, and real power in the Russian capital was held by Polish military leaders and their accomplices from the Russian boyars.

The indignation of the common people over this situation eventually reached a critical limit, and in the fall of 1611 in Nizhny Novgorod, the zemstvo elder Kuzma Minin began to gather a people's militia (army) to fight the enemies of the Fatherland.

One of the best military leaders of that time, known for his courage and honesty, the Suzdal prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky, was called to command the militia. Militias from all over the country began to gather in Nizhny Novgorod. On the initiative of K. Minin, it was decided to give a fifth of the total property of each family, monastery, and church to the militia. And in other Russian cities they did the same.

In July 1612, the militia of Minin and Pozharsky, replenished along the way with new popular forces, set out for Moscow. A bloody battle on the streets of the capital took place on August 24. The Polish garrison settled in the Kremlin and held it for 2 months. But in the end, on November 4, the Poles capitulated, and the Russian militia entered the Kremlin. And soon both Moscow and the entire Russian land were cleared of foreign invaders.

Thus, the Russian people, united in a patriotic impulse, saved their Fatherland from the enemy.

The monument to K. Minin and D. Pozharsky was erected on Red Square in Moscow as a symbol of the unity of the Russian people.

Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of P.S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop (1853)

In October 1853, another war began between Russia and Turkey. It lasted until 1856 and was called Crimean. The main military operations took place on the Crimean Peninsula. The most important event of the beginning of the war was the battle between the Russian and Turkish fleets in the Turkish Bay of Sinop. The commander of the Russian squadron, Admiral Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov, having discovered the Turkish squadron, blocked it and attacked with the arrival of reinforcements. Each captain of the Russian squadron received a clear action plan for his ship. During the four-hour battle, the Russian squadron consisting of 8 ships completely destroyed the Turkish fleet, which consisted of 16 sailing ships.

The brilliant victory of the Russian fleet in the Battle of Sinop had a great influence on the further course of the Crimean War. The destruction of the Turkish squadron disrupted the enemy landing on the Caucasus coast and deprived Turkey of the opportunity to conduct military operations in the Black Sea.

Heroes, sea wanderers, albatrosses,
Table guests of thunderous feasts,
Eagle tribe, sailors, sailors,
To you the poet's song, to you the glory of the ages!

V. Kirillov. Sailors

The day of the start of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops against Nazi troops in the Battle of Moscow (1941)

At the beginning of September 1941, the German command began preparing an operation to capture Moscow, codenamed “Typhoon”.

As a result of the counteroffensive and the general offensive of the Soviet troops, the Germans were thrown back 100-250 km from Moscow, but the enemies approached the Capital at a distance of 23 km. In the Battle of Moscow, for the first time in the entire Second World War, the Soviet Union inflicted a major defeat on Nazi Germany and dispelled the myth of its invincibility. The losses were colossal: in the Battle of Moscow, the Red Army lost more than 2 million people.

Moscow Battle forever entered the history of our country as a symbol of perseverance and unparalleled mass heroism of the Soviet people, Red Army soldiers and people's militia.

Got this bronze medal
Blue of dimmed lights
And reflected in the menacing distance
Fire of heavy batteries.

She testifies to the world
About our valor in battle
Soldiers, children, commanders -
In the blood, on the edge of death.

Forgotten in the smoke, in the trench clay,
That a dream happens in reality, -
We are a merciless path to Berlin
Opened with the Battle of Moscow!

P. Shubin. For Moscow.

The day of the capture of the Turkish fortress Izmail by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov (1790)

Leading: The Russian-Turkish War of 1787-1791 was started by Turkey with the goal of returning Crimea and other territories that had ceded to Russia on the eastern and western Black Sea coasts.

The Turkish fortified city of Izmail was previously considered impregnable - it was very well defended. The stone walls were surrounded by a 6 m high and 6 km long rampart with seven bastions. In front of the rampart there is a ditch filled with water, 6 to 10 m deep. The fortress was defended by a well-armed 35,000-strong Turkish garrison. After seven months of unsuccessful attempts to storm the fortress, it was decided to put A.V. at the head of the Russian troops. Suvorov.

One of the main victories in the Crimean War - capture of Ishmael- was associated with the name of Generalissimo Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov.

Under his command, Russian troops achieved the desired result. Troy A.V. Suvorov, who stormed the fortress, numbered 31 thousand people.

As a result of the Russian-Turkish wars in the 18th century, the Russian state received the entire northern coast of the Black Sea with Crimea.

The pages of the days of military glory of Russia close with a poem by D. Kedrin:

Russia! We are all in your debt.
You are everyone's mother three times over.
So can we to your enemy
Should I give you a job as a maid? ...

We will follow you for life and death
In your own and other people's blood!
For a formidable battle, for the last battle,
Russia, bless!

An interesting, relevant scenario for a patriotic holiday for middle and high school students: “Days of Military Glory of Russia: Dates and Events.”

Korolev Pyotr Ivanovich, teacher of history and social studies, Educational Educational Institution of Educational Education Center "New Technologies", Kursk.

Holiday "Day of Military Glory of Russia" at school. Scenario
Description: the script can be used by teachers, class teachers, teacher-organizers in preparation for patriotic holidays. The material is intended for middle and high school students (11 - 17 years old) T).
Goal: creating a patriotic atmosphere, studying the glorious pages of the history of the Fatherland, cultivating courage.
Tasks:
-develop interest in students and colleagues in holding patriotic holidays;
-strengthening and developing a sense of love for one’s Motherland;
-stimulate teacher activity.
- to cultivate a civil attitude, collectivism, a sense of responsibility for the fate of Russia, a sense of pride in its history.
-the emergence of a feeling of love for the Russian, victorious army!
Materials used:
patriotic paintings and patriotic poems.

PROGRESS OF THE HOLIDAY. Introduction.
teacher b.
Dear guys, at all times, defending your Fatherland, defending your native land was considered a righteous and honorable deed. Since ancient times, Holy Rus' has sung in its songs and epics - a heroic feat! After all, the soldier and the officer, the governor and the standard bearer were considered the defenders of their native land. And the church has always patronized the Russian army, blessing it for feats of arms to save the Motherland from foreign invaders.

Majestic and brave are the glorious victories of Russian soldiers, mourned by their mothers and wives, which had a decisive influence on the outcome of the war. In all centuries, from Emperor Charlemagne to Kaiser Wilhelm, from Hitler to ISIS, enemies knew the power of Russian weapons! The pious Russian army, not giving up positions until the last living soldier, and the last soldier - pierced by an enemy bayonet or banner - covered with his chest - a special SACRED, the regimental banner! aroused admiration among the enemy for his stamina, determination and courage. The generals and commanders were famous for their talent and ability to manage troops, which always contributed to glorious Russian victories.
Let me read it to you guys, it’s wonderful Nikolai Mamrykov’s poem “To my son Alexei.”
Your grandfather, Alyosha, was a soldier,
Or rather, a company sergeant major.
The war ended in '45,
Victorious May spring.
There was spring, there was Victory,
And the joy was overflowing!..
You've never seen your grandfather
But don't forget him.

Student 1.
The history of celebrating the days of military glory of Russia.
Previously, such an event was not celebrated at all. But in 1995, in order to increase the prestige of military service in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as the patriotic education of the population, a corresponding law was adopted. The Federal Law defined dates that will remain in the memory of the people for centuries as a feat. Events were selected that not only included Soviet history, but also historical victories during the Russian Empire, the Muscovite Kingdom, and also Kievan Rus. Every year, the list of ceremonial events for each day of military glory of Russia is determined by Presidential Decrees and other legal documents, both in the federal , both at and local level. Each city celebrates the holiday differently.

Teacher.
Thank you, who else can tell the story of the holiday?

Student 2.
These days, military units throughout Russia are celebrating great victories. Fireworks are celebrated only on May 9, Victory Day over Nazi Germany, and February 23, Defender of the Fatherland Day. But if the memorable date is an anniversary, such as in 2009 the 300th anniversary of the victory of Peter the Great’s army over the Swedes near Poltava, then, naturally, the list of planned events increases significantly. Festive fireworks also color the dark blue skies of large cities.
Historical reconstructions have become very popular recently. And every year the number of volunteers taking part in the events increases, which ensures maximum historical authenticity. History buffs from all over the Russian Federation and neighboring countries create or order special uniforms for themselves that fully correspond to the uniform or military attire of a particular time. The organizers of the action spend a long time studying historical sources and creating a battle plan, after which they determine and distribute roles.

Teacher.
Guys, who knows, a poem about the war by poets of the Silver Age?

Student 3.
Nikolay Gumilyov. "Offensive"
That country that could have been paradise
Became a lair of fire.
We are approaching the fourth day,
We didn't eat for four days.
But there is no need for earthly food
In this terrible and bright hour,
Because the Lord's word
It nourishes us better than bread.
And blood-drenched weeks
Dazzling and light.
Shrapnel is exploding above me,
Blades fly faster than birds.
I scream and my voice is wild.
This is copper hitting copper.
I, the bearer of great thought,
I can't, I can't die.
Like thunder hammers
Or the waves of angry seas,
Golden heart of Russia
Beats rhythmically in my chest.
And it’s so sweet to dress up Victory,
Like a girl in pearls,
Following a trail of smoke
Retreating enemy.

Progress of the holiday.
A story about the days of Russian military glory themselves

Teacher.
Guys, who is ready to tell you in detail about each day of Russia’s military glory? Does anybody want?

Student 4.
Also on the Day of Military Glory of Russia, museums open their doors to everyone and organize exhibitions and displays dedicated to the historical event. Admission is often free for children and military personnel. During the celebration of the great victories of the Great Patriotic War, it is considered a tradition to hold demonstration performances by military personnel. In addition, in parks and squares everyone can try soldier’s porridge prepared in the field kitchen. Military equipment: modern and rare, put on public display. Children are allowed to climb and study military equipment, get behind the wheel of vehicles and turn various handles, press buttons (everything is carefully de-energized and discharged).

Student 5.
Each holiday is fraught with a significant moment for Russian weapons, when the enemy was defeated, put to flight or received irreparable damage, thanks to the courage and bravery of soldiers and commanders. Days of military glory are dates that correspond to historical events and are determined by the Federal Law of 1995. In total, as of today, Article 1 of this law includes 17 events:
January 27 – breakthrough of the Leningrad blockade in 1944;
February 2 - defeat of Nazi troops near Stalingrad during Operation Uranus;
February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day; * on this day, the Red Army forces managed to stop the advance of German troops on the Western Front near Narva and Pskov.
April 18 - victory of the troops of Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipus in 1242;
May 9 - Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War;
July 7 - the victory of the Russian fleet in the Battle of Chesma in 1770, which provided the Russian Empire with superiority in the Black Sea;
July 10 - in 1709, the troops of Peter the Great defeated the Swedish army near Poltava;
On August 9 - 1714, the first victory of the Russian fleet in history was won at the Battle of Gangunta;
August 23 - defeat of the Nazis in the Battle of Kursk;
September 8 - in 1812, the Battle of Borodino took place, during which, according to Napoleon, “the Russians acquired the right to be undefeated”;
September 11 - in 1790, the Russian fleet under the command of Admiral F.F. Ushakov. completely defeated the Turkish fleet at Cape Tendra, which played an important role at Cape Tendra, which played an important role in the capture of Izmail;
* Turkish losses amounted to 2 thousand people and 7 ships versus 21 people killed and 25 people wounded by the Russians

Student 6.
I can also add about memorable dates of the Russian army.
September 21 - in 1380, the troops of Prince Dmitry Donskoy defeated the Mongol-Tatar army of Mamai;
November 4 is the day of national unity, when the Polish interventionists were expelled from the walls of the Moscow Kremlin by the forces of the people's militia led by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky;
November 7 - in 1941, a military parade was held in honor of the 24th anniversary of the October Revolution (the troops taking part in the parade immediately went to the defense of the capital);
December 1 - squadron under the command of Admiral P.S. Nakhimova in 1853 inflicted a crushing defeat on Turkey at the walls of the fortified city of Sinop, destroying the Turkish fleet and coastal artillery;
December 5 - in 1941, the Soviet counter-offensive began near Moscow, which is the first major success of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War;
December 24 - in 1790 Russian troops under the command of Suvorov A.V. year they took Ishmael, which was previously considered impregnable, by storm.

Teacher. Thank you dear guys, thanks to my colleagues (if they were present), here we are with you and have discussed the memorable days of the Russian army, the days of military glory of Russia, grow up courageous, honest, brave, love Russia!
All students. Thank you for the holiday, goodbye!

Conclusion.
In conclusion they sound lines by Alexander Revich “Old Age of a Soldier”!
Apparently I'll die in my bed
your heart will stop in your sleep,
because they flew by
bullets meant for me.

I could lie with my temple pierced,
dropping his palm on the rifle,
indifferent to glory and insults,
unsullied and young,
watered with your own blood,
first burned by hatred,
cut off by the first misfortune.

Results.
The goals and objectives of the event were successfully completed!

DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY OF RUSSIA

Patriotic education lesson

Target:

1. Introduce students to the days of military glory.

2. To foster a sense of pride in the historical past of our Motherland.

3. Broaden students' horizons.

"Be proud of your glory

Ancestors are not only possible,

but it should; don't respect her

There is shameful cowardice.”

A. S. Pushkin

The law “On the Days of Military Glory and Memorable Dates of Russia” says: “The history of Russia is rich in significant events. In all centuries, heroism, the courage of Russian soldiers, the power and glory of Russian weapons have been an integral part of the greatness of the Russian state.” And in commemoration of the glorious victories of the Russian troops, which played a decisive role in the history of our state, the law established the days of military glory of Russia. Our story today is about them...

The capture of Leningrad, the northern gate of our country, and its complete destruction were planned by the Germans literally in the first days of the war.

Already in July 1941, fierce battles took place on the closest approaches to the city; the Leningrad suburbs of Kolpino and Pulkovo Heights were occupied. On September 8, Leningrad was completely surrounded: a blockade began that lasted 900 days. During these days, more than 3 thousand houses, about 400 schools, 200 historical and architectural monuments were destroyed or damaged. But, of course, the worst thing was the loss of life. During the days of the siege, more than 600 thousand Leningraders died from hunger and cold alone, more than 17 thousand died during bombing and artillery shelling. By the end of the blockade, 560 thousand inhabitants remained in the city; at the beginning of the siege, 2.5 million people lived here...

On May 1, 1945, Leningrad (along with Stalingrad, Sevastopol and Odessa) was awarded the honorary title “Hero City”. More than 930 thousand Soviet soldiers who defended this city were awarded the medal “For the Defense of Leningrad.”

FEBRUARY 2. THE DAY OF THE DEFEAT OF GERMAN FASCIST TROOPS BY SOVIET TROOPS IN THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD. 1943.

The Battle of Stalingrad began on July 17, 1942 in the bend of the Don. Gradually, the defensive struggle of our troops gave way to a decisive counteroffensive, which ended on November 30 with the encirclement of 22 German divisions numbering 330 thousand people. In January 1943, Soviet troops went on the offensive, and on February 2, the Battle of Stalingrad ended with the complete defeat of German units.

FEBRUARY 23. DEFENDER OF THE FATHERLAND DAY. DAY OF VICTORY OF THE RED ARMY OVER THE KAISER'S TROOPS OF GERMANY. 1918

In the February days of 1918, when the First World War was going on, the troops of the Kaiser’s Germany rushed to Petrograd, creating a real threat to the capital of the Russian state. The old tsarist army could not stop the enemy; by that time it had practically ceased to exist. In this situation, mass mobilization was launched in the country with the aim of creating a new army. On February 23, 1918, the Day of Defense of the Socialist Fatherland was held in St. Petersburg. The newly created regiments of the Red Army were sent to the front; they managed to stop German troops in the area of ​​​​Narva and Pskov. So February 23 became the birthday of the new army.

Since 1923, February 23, by order of the Revolutionary Military Council, began to be celebrated in our country as the Day of the Red Army and Navy. Since 1995, according to the law of the Russian Federation “On days of military glory and memorable dates of Russia”, this day has been celebrated as Defender of the Fatherland Day.

APRIL 18TH. VICTORY DAY OF THE RUSSIAN WARRIORS OF PRINCE ALEXANDER NEVSKY OVER THE GERMAN KNIGHTS ON LAKE CHUDSKY (BATTLE ON THE ICE). 1242

In the 13th century, Rus' was attacked not only by the Mongol-Tatars. German and Swedish crusading knights constantly sought to conquer Rus' from the north. On the ice of Lake Peipsi, located at the mouth of the Neva, the army of the Livonian Order and the Russian army met. The basis of which was made up of Novgorodians and Pskovites, and was headed by Alexander Yaroslavich, Prince of Novgorod.

According to the Novgorod chronicle, approximately 450 knights died. In this regard, the Battle of the Ice can be considered an unprecedented battle of that time, because even in the largest battles of the Middle Ages, usually no more than a few dozen knights died.

After the Battle of Ice, Prince of Novgorod Alexander Yaroslavich received the name Alexander Nevsky.

On the night of May 8-9, in Karlshorst, a suburb of Berlin, an act of unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany was signed. On behalf of the Supreme High Command, this historical document was signed by the Chief of the General Staff, Deputy Verkhoan Commander-in-Chief G.K. Zhukov. On behalf of the German High Command, the act was signed by the Chief of Staff of the Supreme High Command of the German Armed Forces, W. Keitel. Since then, May 9 has been celebrated as a national holiday - Victory Day - and as a day of remembrance for those killed.

JULY 10. VICTORY DAY OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY UNDER THE COMMAND OF PETER I OVER THE SWEDES IN THE BATTLE OF POLTAVA. 1709

In 1700-1721, Russia waged the Northern War against Sweden for access to the shores of the Baltic Sea. Sweden was one of the most powerful European powers, and the army of the Swedish king Charles XII was considered invincible until July 10, 1709. On this day, the legendary Battle of Poltava took place between Russian troops led by Peter I and the Swedes, which lasted about 9 hours and brought a convincing victory to Russia.

About 9 thousand killed Swedish soldiers and officers remained on the battlefield, about 3 thousand Swedes were captured. The losses of the Russian army amounted to 1345 people.

The Battle of Poltava determined the outcome of the entire Northern War. It was from then on that the military power of the Swedes was undermined. After Poltava, European countries began to look for opportunities to establish ties with Russia, which became the most militarily powerful country in eastern Europe.

AUGUST 9. THE FIRST DAY IN RUSSIAN HISTORY OF THE VICTORY OF THE RUSSIAN FLEET UNDER THE COMMAND OF PETER OVER THE SWEDES AT CAPE GANGUT. 1714

The Battle of Gangut is the first outstanding victory of the Russian naval forces in the Northern War between Russia and Sweden.

This battle clearly demonstrated the naval skill of Peter the Great, who appeared before the Europeans as a brilliant naval tactician. This victory in the Baltic at Cape Gangut, which Peter himself compared with the victory at Poltava, opened the way for Russia to the vastness of the Baltic Sea.

AUGUST 23. THE DAY OF THE DEFEAT OF GERMAN FASCIST FORCES BY SOVIET TROOPS IN THE BATTLE OF KURSK. 1943.

Trying to take revenge after the defeat at Moscow and Stalingrad, the Germans in the summer of 1943 developed a plan for a new offensive operation called “Citadel”.

The decisive battle in the Battle of Kursk took place on July 12 on the Prokhorovsky field (now Belgorod region, during the war - Kursk), which is considered the third field of Russian glory after Kulikovo and Borodino.

The victory of the Soviet troops at the Kursk Bulge had a huge impact on the further course of the entire Second World War and created favorable conditions for the general offensive of the Soviet troops.

8 SEPTEMBER. THE DAY OF THE BATTLE OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY UNDER THE COMMAND OF M.I. KUTUZOV WITH THE FRENCH ARMY NEAR BORODINO. 1812

The war with the French army under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte went down in history as the Patriotic War of 1812. It was truly national and caused a huge patriotic upsurge of Russian people of all classes and conditions.

The Battle of Borodino, the main event of the Patriotic War of 1812, took place near the city of Mozhaisk, 124 km from Moscow, near the village of Borodino. Both sides, Napoleon's 135,000-strong army and the 12,000-strong Russian army, suffered huge losses.

The Battle of Borodino, the main event of the Patriotic War of 1812, marked the beginning of the near and final collapse of all Napoleon’s plans to capture Russia. Besides. The Russian army, having defended its Fatherland, brought freedom from the oppression of Napoleon to other European countries.

11 SEPTEMBER. VICTORY DAY OF THE RUSSIAN SQUADRON UNDER THE COMMAND OF F. F. USHAKOV OVER THE TURKISH SQUADRON AT CAPE TENDRA. 1790

The annexation of Crimea to Russia and the strengthening of the Russian fleet in the Black Sea after some time again led to a deterioration in Russian-Turkish relations. In 1787, Türkiye presented an ultimatum to Russia, demanding the return of Crimea. Having not received a positive response, the Turks declared a new war on the Russians (1787-1791). The defense of the Crimean coast was carried out by the Black Sea Fleet under the command of A.V. Suvorov and launched an offensive against the Turks on the Danube. The Russian squadron led by F.F. Ushakov left Sevastopol to help the Danube Army. Near the island of Tendra, F.F. Ushakov discovered a Turkish squadron, more numerous than the Russian one. The enemies, taken by surprise, hastily weighed anchor, preparing to leave for the Danube.

The Russian squadron, not allowing the Turks to carry out their maneuver, immediately entered the battle, without even changing from marching formation to combat formation. During the two-day battle, two large Turkish battleships were sunk, not counting small sailing ships, and one large ship was captured. The Russian squadron had no losses in ships. The Turks lost two thousand people in manpower, and the Russians lost 21 people.

As a result of the victories of the Russian squadron, the Black Sea became free for the actions of the Russian fleet, and the rowing flotilla transferred to the Danube helped the actions of A.V. Suvorov near Izmail.

SEPTEMBER 21. VICTORY DAY OF THE RUSSIAN REGIMENTS LEADERED BY THE GRAND DUKE DMITRY DONSKY OVER THE MONGOLO-TATAR TROOPS IN THE BATTLE OF KULIKOVO. 1380.

In the summer of 1380, terrible news came to Moscow: the powerful Tatar military leader Mamai was threatening Rus' with a new invasion, setting himself the goal of breaking the growing power of Rus' and increasing its dependence on the Horde.

Moscow Prince Dmitry appealed to all Russian princes to join forces to fight the Mongol-Tatars. In 30 days, a large army gathered (up to 100-150 thousand people), consisting mainly of Muscovites and soldiers of the Russian lands, who recognized the power of the Moscow prince. The plan of the campaign was to, without waiting for the connection between Mamai and his allies on the Oka, to cross the Oka and move towards the enemy to the upper reaches of the Don.

On the morning of September 21, Russian regiments crossed from the left to the right bank of the Don at the confluence of the Nepryadva River and took up such a position in the area called Kulikovo Field that the enemies could not enter their rear and flanks. Mamai could only attack head-on, which did not allow him to use all his forces in a narrow area. At the decisive moment, the reserve and ambush Russian regiments entered the battle, this allowed Dmitry’s army to launch a powerful offensive and ultimately defeat the enemy.

The Battle of Kulikovo was of great historical significance in the struggle of the Russian and other peoples against the Mongol-Tatar yoke. Although it did not lead to its liquidation, a strong blow to the dominance of the Golden Horde was dealt on the Kulikovo Field, which accelerated its subsequent collapse.

After the victory on the Kulikovo field, Prince Dmitry received the name Dmitry Donskoy.

NOVEMBER 4. DAY OF NATIONAL UNITY. THE DAY OF THE LIBERATION OF MOSCOW FROM THE POLES BY THE PEOPLE'S MILITARY UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF K. MININA AND D. M. POZHARSKY. 1612.

The beginning of the 17th century was a time of troubles for the Russian state. During this period, it was weakened by anarchy; numerous impostors laid claim to the Russian throne. In such internal political conditions, Russia was rapidly losing its independence and losing its external enemies. The north-west and west of the country were occupied by the Poles, and the Swedes ruled in ancient Novgorod. The Polish garrison was even in Moscow, and real power in the Russian capital was held by Polish military leaders and their accomplices from the Russian boyars.

The indignation of the common people over this situation eventually reached a critical limit, and in the fall of 1611 in Nizhny Novgorod, the zemstvo elder Kuzma Minin began to gather a people's militia to fight the enemies of the Fatherland. One of the best military leaders of that time, known for his courage and honesty, the Suzdal prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky, was called to command the militia. Militias from all over the country began to gather in Nizhny Novgorod.

In July 1612, the militia of Minin and Pozharsky, replenished along the way with new popular forces, set out for Moscow. A bloody battle on the streets of the capital took place on August 24. The Polish garrison settled in the Kremlin and held it for 2 months. But in the end, on November 4, the Poles capitulated, and the Russian militia entered the Kremlin. And soon both Moscow and the entire Russian land were cleared of foreign invaders.

Thus, the Russian people, united in a patriotic impulse, saved their Fatherland from the enemy.

DECEMBER 1. VICTORY DAY OF THE RUSSIAN SQUADRON UNDER THE COMMAND OF P. S. NAKHIMOV OVER THE TURKISH SQUADRON AT CAPE SINOPE. 1853.

In October 1853, another war began between Russia and Turkey. It lasted until 1856 and was called Crimean: the main military operations were carried out on the Crimean peninsula. The most important event of the beginning of the war was the battle between the Russian and Turkish fleets in the Turkish Bay of Sinop.

The commander of the Russian squadron, Admiral P. S. Nakhimov, having discovered the Turkish squadron, blocked it and attacked with the arrival of reinforcements. The admiral's plan was to break into the bay in a two-wake column (two chains of ships) and, approaching the enemy at a distance of no more than 350 m, anchor and open fire on the enemy fleet. Each captain of the Russian squadron received a clear action plan for his ship.

During the four-hour battle, the Russian squadron consisting of 8 ships completely destroyed the Turkish fleet, which consisted of 16 sailing ships. The Turks lost 3 thousand people, about 200 soldiers surrendered. Russian losses amounted to 38 people.

The brilliant victory of the Russian fleet in the Battle of Sinop (this was the last major battle in the world history of the sailing fleet) had a great influence on the further course of the Crimean War. The destruction of the Turkish squadron disrupted the enemy landing on the Caucasus coast and deprived Turkey of the opportunity to conduct military operations in the Black Sea.

5TH OF DECEMBER. THE DAY OF THE BEGINNING OF THE COUNTEROFFENSE OF SOVIET TROOPS AGAINST THE GERMAN FASCIST TROOPS IN THE BATTLE OF MOSCOW. 1941.

At the beginning of September 1941, the German command began preparing the operation to capture Moscow, codenamed “Typhoon”.

As a result of the counteroffensive and the general offensive of the Soviet troops, the Germans were driven back 100-250 km from Moscow. In the Battle of Moscow, for the first time in the entire Second World War, the Soviet Union inflicted a major defeat on Nazi Germany and dispelled the myth of its invincibility. True, the losses were colossal: in the Battle of Moscow, the Red Army lost more than 2 million people, the German - 770 thousand.

The Battle of Moscow has forever gone down in the history of our country as a symbol of the perseverance and unparalleled mass heroism of the Soviet people - the Red Army soldiers and the people's militia. On May 8, 1965, Moscow was awarded the honorary title “Hero City”.

DECEMBER 24. THE DAY OF THE CAPTURE OF THE TURKISH FORTRESS OF IZMAIL BY RUSSIAN TROOPS UNDER THE COMMAND OF A.V. SUVOROV. 1790

One of the main victories in the Crimean War of 1787-1791 was the capture of Izmail. The Turkish fortress city of Izmail was previously considered impregnable; it was very well defended. The fortress was defended by a well-armed 35,000-strong Turkish garrison. It was decided to put A.V. Suvorov at the head of the Russian troops in the assault on the fortress. Under his command, Russian troops achieved the desired result. Suvorov's army that stormed the fortress numbered 31 thousand people.

The losses of the Turks during the assault on Izmail, which lasted about 7 hours, were simply enormous: more than 26 thousand people, and, in addition, 9 thousand soldiers were captured. The Russians lost about 4 thousand people.

The capture of the “impregnable” fortress of Izmail, together with the naval victories of F. F. Ushakov, forced Turkey to make peace with Russia in 1791. As a result of the Russian-Turkish wars in the 18th century, the Russian state received the entire northern coast of the Black Sea with Crimea.

Literature:

2. Great Russian Encyclopedia: Russia. - M: Scientific Publishing House "Big Russian Encyclopedia", 2004.

4. A. V. Suvorov: Album. - M: Voenizdat, 1980.