Quotation marks are a symbol, a punctuation mark, which must have a pair. It highlights quotes from the general text, words taken from other texts, or segments of words. It is also used to highlight the irony or figurative meaning of a word, its unusualness, or a reference to something.
If the quotation uses another expression enclosed in these symbols, then the latter will be of a different type. For example: I received a telegram: “I’m arriving this evening. I’ll stay at the Troitsk Hotel.”
In punctuation there is several types similar punctuation marks:
- “Christmas trees” or “French” are also typographic;
- “Paws” or “German”;
- “English double” and “single” (this punctuation mark is rarely used in Russian literature and writing).
“Herringbones” are used mainly for printing. “Paws” – in texts written by human hand. There are also “computer” or typewritten ones, in which the design of the opening and closing quotation marks is completely indistinguishable from each other. They are typed using the keyboard on a computer.
IN Microsoft Word the default is French and English.
How to put Christmas trees, paws and other quotes from the keyboard
There are several ways to put quotation marks on the keyboard of a laptop or personal computer when typing in any version of Word (including 2010/2013/2016) or elsewhere.
"Christmas trees"
In this case, use the key combination “Shift” + “2”. This method will work if the keyboard layout is Russian, and also when you need “Christmas trees”:
There is another method for printing this sign. The method is not often practiced, but it is better to know it too. Change the layout to English and type two letters “ab”, then click on the buttons “ Alt» + « X" You will get the opening symbol, and the opposite one is done in the same way as the opening one, but we write “ bb».
“English”
If we print on English language, then to highlight a word you should use “Shift” + “E”:
<Одиночные угловые>
To make single corner quotes, follow the instructions:
- change the language to English;
- press " Shift" and click on the letter " B"- you get an open corner;
- in order to close it, press " Shift" and click on the button " YU»;
- then we change the layout to Russian and enter the required word between them;
- We continue typing.
Quotes "paws"
This type cannot be set from the keyboard, only using autocorrect or ASCII code. We'll talk about this further.
We use ASCII code
To set such characters, you can use a special table of symbols that are not on the keyboard. Below is a picture and an explanation for it. 
To use it you should:
The necessary words are written inside quotation marks.
Symbols in Word
IN word document Quotes can be set in another way. In the “Insert” tab there is an item “ Symbol». 
It is located in the upper right corner immediately below the “Equation” item.
To use this method you must:
You can use the symbol table not only in Word; to do this you need to launch START and go to Programs - Accessories - Service. In Windows 10, just find the Standard section in START. 
Further use is similar to working in Word.
Quotes in HTML
For html pages, separate mnemonics are used:
- “
- » - ";
- &bdquo - „;
- &ldquo - “;
- &rdquo - ";
- &lsquo - ';
- &rsquo - '.
There is one more tag in HTML. Thanks to it, all text that will be enclosed inside this tag is surrounded by quotation marks. The tag is a small letter Latin alphabet"q".
And their appearance will be depend on attribute"lang" which will be entered at the root of the HTML component. When the “lang” attribute has the following form – “lang=”ru””, “Christmas trees” will be displayed on the screen in the final document.
Remember that all codes are installed in the hypertext markup location where they should appear in the browser. Many browsers don't support dependence of the output of certain characters on the attribute. It is recommended to use CSS layout. 
Using autocorrect - how to change quotes in Word
For such punctuation marks, you can autocorrect so as not to be distracted by switching the keyboard while typing. Autocorrect helps increasing text printing speed. To do this, you need to use the instructions below:
- open a Word page;
- Click on the “File” tab and go to “ Options»;
- in Options, click on “Spelling” and press the “ AutoCorrect options»;
- In the “Auto format as you type” item, which you will see in the window that opens, check the box above the line “Replace straight quotes with paired quotes as you type.”
How to place them correctly double quotes In russian language? >>
- HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF QUOTES VOICE "GET OUT OF THE ATELIER AND FIRST DISTRIBUTE A WEAPON"
reference to the game "dead island"
- Second option
- (2) option thank you
- Actually, it’s correct in Russian - the first ones are lower, the second ones are upper, but this is when writing, and on the computer’s keyboard there are no lower ones at all...
So don't bother... Write correctly by hand, and on the keyboard as it turns out.... - 1 is the book version. 2 is more written.
- If at the beginning or end of the text (quote, direct speech) there are internal and external quotation marks, then they should differ from each other in design (the so-called Christmas trees and paws), for example: The correspondent reports: The ballad about a soldier was highly praised at the international film festival; I received a telegram: I’m coming tomorrow, I’ll stay at the Moscow hotel
.
(Rosenthal D. E., Dzhandzhakova E. V., Kabanova N. P.
GUIDE TO SPELLING, PRONUNCIATION, LITERARY EDITING)In Russian writing, the following types of quotation marks are most common:
Christmas trees (used in printed texts);
paws (used, as a rule, in handwritten texts);
Marrian quotation marks (used to describe the meaning of a word and when translating the meaning of a foreign word, for example: the word skimmer is borrowed from the Polish language, in which it goes back to the verb szumowa#263; skim the foam from szum foam);
“computer quotation marks” are special type of quotation marks in which the pattern of the opening and closing quotation marks is completely indistinguishable. Such quotation marks are found in texts typed on a computer keyboard.In any text typed on a computer, you can arrange Christmas trees yourself. To do this, you need to remember the following key combinations: press Alt, type 0171, release Alt and get. Press Alt, type 0187, release Alt and get.
If inside words enclosed in quotation marks there are other words enclosed in quotation marks, it is recommended (provided that there is technical possibility for this) to use quotation marks different designs: external Christmas trees, internal legs (or in texts typed on a computer, “computer quotes”). If this is not possible, then closing quotes are placed only once. Quotes from the same picture are not repeated next to each other. For example:
Preferably: work by V. I. Lenin On the caricature of Marxism and imperialist economism, ZAO Publishing House TVNZ, LLC Company Metallinvest.
Acceptable (if it is not technically possible to use quotation marks of different designs): work by V. I. Lenin On a caricature of Marxism and imperialist economism, CJSC Komsomolskaya Pravda Publishing House, LLC Metallinvest Company.
Incorrect: the work of V.I. Lenin On the caricature of Marxism and imperialist economism, ZAO Komsomolskaya Pravda Publishing House, LLC Metallinvest Company.
This page contains quotes of all kinds, pulled from different sections of Unicode.
This punctuation mark is paired. It denotes direct speech, or a word that is used in a meaning that does not correspond to the usual one - for example, in the opposite. There are several types. The names came from the country where they were invented and from the similarity of the outline with certain objects.
Different scripts use different quotation marks according to... Probably tradition. Yes, there are rules for punctuation, but they do not specify the type. There are standards for typographical typesetting for which, ordinary people they can give a damn. So, according to tradition, we (in Russia) use “Christmas tree” quotes. If you need to put them inside an already quoted part of the text, the external and internal characters must be different. The nested ones are the “legs” (““…”). In addition, when writing by hand and in print, the appearance may be different. To the old ones good times, when I still wrote by hand, the so-called Polish ones were always used (see below). However, fonts are not drawn entirely uniformly.
Enter quotation rules for Slavic scripts, Konstantin the Philosopher was the first to try. In the 15th century, he wrote a treatise “On Writing”. There it was proposed to highlight quotations from church texts with special symbols. The images of these symbols were very similar to modern herringbone quotes.
“ ” English doubles.
‘ ’ English singles.
Christmas tree quotes. HTML code (mnemonic): " " ( " " )
„ “ German "paws".
„ ” Polish.
Swedish reverse.
Double universal. HTML code (mnemonic): " (")
The use of quotation marks in different languages.
The rules are not strict (if there are any), don't be surprised if they are loosely enforced.
Main and spare (placed inside the main ones, if necessary):
Albanian "..." ‹…›
English "…" '…'
Arabic "..." ‹…›
African „…” ‚…’
Belarusian “...” “...”
Bulgarian “…“ ‚…‘
Hungarian "..."
Greek "..." ‹…›
Danish »…« ›…‹
Hebrew "..." / "..." "..." /<<…>>
Irish “…” ‘…’
Icelandic “…“ ‚…‘
Spanish "..." "..."
Italian "..."
Chinese "…" '…'
Latvian „…“ „…“
Lithuanian “…“ ‚…‘
Dutch „…” ‚…’
German "…" ,…'
Norwegian "..."
Polish "..." "..."
Portuguese “…” ‘…’
Romanian "..." "..."
Russian "…" "…"
Serbian “…“ ‚…‘
Slovak „…“ ‚…‘
Slovenian “…“ ‚…‘
Turkish “…” ‘…’
Ukrainian "..." „…“
Finnish “…” ’…’
French " … " < … >
Croatian »…« ›…‹
Czech „…“ ‚…‘
Swedish “…” ’…’
Estonian „…” „…”
Japanese 「…」 『…』
Many of these icons are symmetrical in the horizontal plane. Even if all of them are, they will remain unchanged.
Punctuation is one of the most difficult sections of the Russian language, not only for foreigners, but also for Russians themselves. Today's topic will be devoted to such punctuation marks as quotation marks. We will find out why quotation marks are needed and how to use them correctly in writing.
A few facts about the origin of quotation marks
Quotation marks are a relatively new punctuation mark. They appeared in Russian punctuation around late XVIII century. However, before this (from about the 16th century), quotation marks were used as a musical notation. It is also interesting where the word “quotation marks” itself comes from. Here the opinions of linguists differ, but most scientists agree that this word comes from the verb “quote”. Translated from one of the southern Russian dialects, this word means “to limp”, “to hobble”. Why such a strange association? It's simple - in the same dialect, "kavysh" means "gosling" or "duckling". Hence, “quotes” are squiggles, marks from crow’s or duck’s feet.
Types of quotation marks and their use in Russian punctuation
There are several types of quotation marks, and they are named by the name of the country from which they originated, as well as by their similarity to objects. The first of the two types of quotation marks used in the Russian language is called French “herringbones”, the second type of quotation marks, also used in Russian writing, is called German “paws”. More details about the rules for using Christmas trees and paws below, but for now we’ll tell you about two more types of quotation marks, which are not customary to use in Russian punctuation, but, nevertheless, many people use them mistakenly. These are English 'single' and 'double' quotation marks. According to the norms of Russian punctuation, only French Christmas trees and German paws can be used. Fir-trees are used as regular quotation marks, and paws are used as “quotes “within” quotation marks,” as well as when writing text by hand.
Rules for using quotation marks in a sentence
Let's introduce another definition of quotation marks. We call quotation marks a paired punctuation mark, with the help of which certain types of speech and meanings of words are distinguished in writing. What are these types of speech? Firstly, these are quotes from some sources. In Russian, in many cases it is more correct to use quotation marks instead of the copyright symbol - (c). Secondly, using quotation marks in the text, direct speech is highlighted. If we talk about words in quotation marks, there are also two rules for their placement. Firstly, the names of various organizations, enterprises, firms, brands, varieties, etc. are highlighted in quotation marks. Secondly, with the help of quotation marks you can make the word indirect, that is figurative meaning, including reverse and/or ironic. For example, the word “clever”, highlighted in quotation marks, can mean a person who is either stupid or has committed some ridiculous or thoughtless act. We are sure that now it will not be difficult for you to write an essay on the topic “Why are quotation marks needed.” Read about other punctuation marks in our other articles!
What is the difference between quotation marks of different designs?
Quotation marks are paired punctuation marks. They mark the left and right boundaries of a word or a segment of text; thus, quotation marks can be opening and closing quotation marks, with opening and closing quotation marks typically differing in design.
In Russian writing, the following types of quotation marks are most common:
"Christmas trees"(used in printed texts);
"paws"” are used, as a rule, in handwritten texts);
‘Marr quotes’(used to describe the meaning of a word and when translating the meaning of a foreign word, for example: the word “skimmer” is borrowed from the Polish language, in which it goes back to the verb szumować ‘to remove foam’ from szum ‘foam’);
"computer quotes"– quotation marks of a special type, in which the design of the opening and closing quotation marks is completely indistinguishable. Such quotation marks are found in texts typed on a computer keyboard.
Other languages may use quotation marks of a different style. This is written in detail and interestingly on Wikipedia.
About quotes inside quotes
If inside words enclosed in quotation marks there are other words, in turn enclosed in quotation marks, it is recommended (provided that there is technical possibility for this) to use quotation marks of different patterns: external ones - “herringbone”, internal ones - “paws” (or - in texts typed on a computer - “computer quotes”). If this is not possible, then closing quotes are placed only once. Quotes from the same picture are not repeated next to each other. For example:
Preferably: work by V. I. Lenin “On the caricature of Marxism and “imperialist economism””, JSC “Publishing House “Komsomolskaya Pravda””, LLC "Company "Metallinvest"".
Acceptable(if it is not technically possible to use quotes of different designs): work by V. I. Lenin “On the caricature of Marxism and “imperialist economism””, ZAO Publishing House “Komsomolskaya Pravda”, LLC "Company "Metallinvest".
Wrong: work by V. I. Lenin “On the caricature of Marxism and “imperialist economism””, JSC “Publishing House “Komsomolskaya Pravda””, LLC "Company "Metallinvest"".
