Pragmatic meaning
specific perception of the information contained in the linguistic utterance on the part of various recipients and groups of recipients. Pragmatic meaning is determined by pragmatic relations.
Explanatory translation dictionary. - 3rd edition, revised. - M.: Flinta: Science. L.L. Nelyubin. 2003 .
See what "pragmatic meaning" is in other dictionaries:
The relationship between the sign and the person using the sign...
The same as the pragmatic meaning of the sign ... Explanatory Translation Dictionary
PRAGMATICS- (ancient Greek pragmatos action) a section of semiotics that studies the correlation of signs and their users in a specific speech situation. We can say that P. is the semantics of the language in action. For the first time, Charles Sanders Pierce wrote about P. in the nineteenth century, and its main ... ... Encyclopedia of cultural studies
Assessment category- - a set of multi-level language units, united by evaluative semantics and expressing a positive or negative attitude of the author to the content of speech. In general language terms, O. implies the value aspect of the meaning of linguistic expressions ... ... Stylistic encyclopedic dictionary of the Russian language
Pragmatics- (from the Greek πρᾶγμα, genus πρᾶγματος deed, action) a field of study in semiotics and linguistics, which studies the functioning of linguistic signs in speech. The term "pragmatics" was introduced in the late 1930s. 20th century C. W. Morris as a name ... ... Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary
Kadare, Ismail- Ismail Kadare Ismail Kadare Date of birth ... Wikipedia
Ismail Kadare- Ismail Kadare Ismail Kadare (Alb. Ismail Kadare, spelling Ismail Kadare; born January 28, 1936, Albania) is the largest Albanian prose writer and poet, who gained worldwide fame and was translated into the main world languages. Contents 1 ... ... Wikipedia
Referential meanings and translation
SEMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS
Type V equivalence
is characterized by the maximum degree of similarity between the content of the original and the translation that can exist between texts in different languages.
I saw him at the theatre. - I saw him at the theatre.
The house was sold for 10 thousand dollars. The house was sold for 10 thousand dollars.
The relationship between originals and translations of this type is characterized by:
1) a high degree of parallelism in the structural organization of the text;
2) the maximum correlation of the lexical composition: in the translation it is possible to indicate the correspondence to all the significant words of the original;
3) preservation in the translation of all the main parts of the original content.
However, often due to detailing or vice versa generalization, the translator fails to fully preserve the meaning of one or another source unit of translation.
I. Value types
1. Referential meaning
2. Interlingual meaning
3. Pragmatic meaning
II. Degree of value retention
1. Full compliance
2. Partial match
3. Lack of compliance
In modern semiotics, it is customary to speak of three main types of meanings: referential, pragmatic, and linguistic.
Objects, processes, qualities, phenomena of reality, denoted by signs, are usually called the referents of the sign, and the relationship between the sign and its referent is called the referential meaning of the sign.
Other terms used in the scientific literature: "denotative", "conceptual" or "object-logical" meaning. At the same time, the referent of the sign, as a rule, is not a separate, individual, single object, process, etc., but a whole set of homogeneous objects, processes, phenomena, etc. Referential meanings are the most translatable.
The main problem of transferring referential meanings expressed in the source text is the discrepancy between the range of meanings inherent in the units of FL and TL.
The predominant role of referential meanings is characteristic of scientific and technical literature.
Pragmatic meaning- this is the relationship between the linguistic sign and the participants in the speech process, i.e. speaking or writing and listening or reading. (Other terms in use are "connotative meaning", "emotive meaning", "stylistic" or "emotional" coloring.)
People who use the signs of a language are by no means indifferent to them - they put into them their subjective attitude towards these signs, and through them - to the referents themselves, denoted by these signs. So, the Russian words "eyes", "eyes" and "peepers"; "rest", "sleep" and "sleep" have the same referential meanings, but differ in the subjective relations that exist between these signs and the people using these signs. These subjective relations (emotional, expressive, stylistic, etc.), which are transferred to referents through signs, are called pragmatic relations.
As a rule, the pragmatic meanings of linguistic signs are the same for the entire group of people who speak a given language.
To a lesser extent than referential meanings, pragmatic meanings lend themselves to transfer when translating. The fact is that the attitude of different human groups to these objects, concepts and situations can be different.
For fiction, especially for lyric poetry, pragmatic relations often turn out to be leading and basic. This is explained by the fact that the translator is often forced to sacrifice the transfer of referential meanings in order to preserve the information that is incomparably more essential for this type of text, contained in the pragmatic (emotional, etc.) meanings expressed in it.
Reliable; based on action and applied directly to the case. A pragmatic story, presented in this way, applied, applied directly to the case. A pragmatic sanction, especially important, a state decree, e.g. husband. about the expulsion of the princes from Spain, Charles III.
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dal. 1863-1866.
Synonyms:
See what "PRAGMATIC" is in other dictionaries:
- (Greek). Based on reliable evidence. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. PRAGMATIC 1) based on a comprehensive knowledge of the matter; 2) designed for fruitful practical application. ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
Cautious, utilitarian, applicable, businesslike, pragmatic, utilitarian, practical, practical, mundane Dictionary of Russian synonyms. pragmatic adj., number of synonyms: 9 business (22) ... Synonym dictionary
Pragmatic, pragmatic; as a short forms of use pragmatic, pragmatic, pragmatic (bookish). 1. App. to pragmatism based on pragmatism. pragmatic philosophy. Pragmatic presentation of history. 2. Being practical… Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
PRAGMATISM, a, m. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
Practical, pertaining to action, serving practice; connection of conditions, their causes and effects, for example. pragmatic description of history. Kant calls a pragmatic action that serves a moral purpose. Philosophical encyclopedic ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia
1. PRAGMATIC, oh, oh. 1. Based on pragmatism (1 2 digits). P th philosophy. Second statement of facts. 2. = Pragmatic. P. approach to the problem. P. view of science. ◁ Pragmatically, adv. (2 digits). P. to think. 2. PRAGMATIC see Pragmatics... encyclopedic Dictionary
I adj. 1. ratio with noun. pragmatics I associated with it 2. Peculiar to pragmatics [pragmatics I] characteristic of it. II adj. 1. ratio with noun. pragmatics II associated with it 2. Peculiar to pragmatics [pragmatics II] characteristic of it. ... ... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova
Pragmatic, pragmatic, pragmatic, pragmatic, pragmatic, pragmatic, pragmatic, pragmatic, pragmatic, pragmatic, pragmatic, pragmatic, pragmatic, pragmatic, pragmatic,… … Word forms
pragmatic- based on pragmatism, i.e. accepting as truth only that which produces practically useful results... Explanatory Translation Dictionary
Books
- Pragmatic potential of Russian vocabulary and grammar. Monograph, Norman Boris Yustinovich. The monograph of a major European linguist contains a systematic description of the means of the Russian language that the speaker uses to express his emotional and intellectual ...
The interpretation of pragmatic meaning as emotional and evaluative elements of meaning is quite popular among linguists. So, L.A. Novikov (1982) distinguishes within a single whole - the lexical meaning of a language unit, the following aspects (or types) of meaning that are closely related and interact with each other: , presulpositional (background, various semantic components and conditions for the correct use of the word) parts and modal frame (assessment of the indicated fact by the speaker) or only assertive part and modal frame (see Krysin 1989. 145-147; Arutyunova, Paducheva 1985). "Proper semantic "); (2) structural (syntagmatic and paradigmatic aspects of meaning); (3) pragmatic (emotive) and (4) sigmatic (objective, situational).
Pragmatic meaning, the researcher believes, can be defined as "the attitude of speakers to the signs used and the corresponding impact of signs on people fixed in language practice" (Novikov I982: 100). The pragmatic characteristic of the sign is "an integral part of the content of the sign, along with the structural and proper semantic characteristics (ibid.: 55). It is inherent, L.A. Novikov believes, assigned to certain stylistic varieties of the language of marked vocabulary, the pragmatic components in the content of which indicate on the nature of the attitude towards it (and, accordingly, to the designated objects, phenomena) on the part of persons using such signs, on the nature of the impact of such signs on members of a given linguistic community.Consequently, the pragmatic aspect of meaning is in lexical semantics a specific linguistic expression of the assessment of the denoted with using marked units, an evaluative, emotional, stylistically characterizing component of lexical meaning (cf. with the traditional understanding of connotation).Repeatedly emphasizing the qualitative differences between the pragmatic and significative aspects, the researcher at the same time defines them to as synthesized components of a single lexical meaning of a linguistic unit.
A similar point of view on the essence of the pragmatic meaning of the word is expressed by V.G. Gak. In his understanding, the pragmatic aspect of lexical meaning reflects the attitude of the speakers to the object, which finds its expression in the expressive-emotional assessment and connotations of the cultural-historical and individual-psychological plan (Gak 1997a: 213).
The understanding of pragmatic meaning as information transmitted by signs and extracted from signs about the subjective-evaluative, emotional attitude of speakers to the denotations of signs is also presented in the nuclear model of lexical meaning by M.V. Nikitina (1988).
Highlighting the cognitive and pragmatic components in the structure of lexical meaning, the author believes that cognitive component (in other words cognitive, intellectual, referential, denotative, semantic - in a narrow sense, or sigmatic) refers to information about the world in one or another part of it, as it appears on its own, outside of subjective evaluation. Pragmatic the meaning component refers to information about the subjective attitude, evaluation, experience of the signified fact, the subjective attitude of the individual to this fact (Nikitin 1988: 20-21).
At the same time, the author emphasizes, the pragmatic meanings of linguistic units do not arise directly from the relationship speaker - sign, but from the relationship speaker - denotation, which is then projected onto the sign denoting this denotation. In other words, the pragmatic meaning of the sign is mediated by the attitude of the speaker to the denotation, it is a reflex, a reflection in the sign
subjective assessment and emotional attitude to the denotation (ibid.: 37).
M.V. Nikitin admits that the pragmatic component in the structure of lexical meaning always, one way or another, correlates with the cognitive one, and often both components expressed jointly(ibid: 158).
An original and broader approach than those presented above to identifying lexicographically significant types of pragmatic information is proposed by Yu.D. Alresyan (1988; 1995a). The author considers the pragmatics of the word within the framework of the concept he is developing of a single, or integral description of the language.
According to Yu.D. Apresyan, only pragmatic information that is lexicalized or grammaticalized, i.e. entrenched in a linguistic unit (lexeme, affix, gramme, syntactic construction) and acquired a permanent status in the language. Accordingly, the author calls pragmatics fixed in a linguistic unit evaluation saying the following three things: (1) the reality that is the subject of the message, (2) the content of the message, and (3) the addressee (Apresyan 1988: 8). The researcher especially emphasizes that this is not about an assessment that is freely created by the speaker in speech, but about that ready-made lexicalized or grammaticalized assessment that is built directly into the content side of language units.
The attitude of the speaker to reality, the content of the message and the addressee, fixed in the linguistic sign, is realized in various kinds of assessments: general (neutral - negative - positive), by the parameter of quantity, by the parameter of desirability / undesirability, expressing the attitude of the speaker to reality and being, according to Yu. D. Apresyan the most lexicographically interesting types of evaluation. The attitude of the speaker to the content of the message is expressed in assessments of the truth parameter and the parameter of the illocutionary function.
The attitude of the speaker to the addressee finds its expression in numerous lexical and grammatical means, in which built in an indication of the relative statuses of the speaker and the addressee, in the social, age or other hierarchy, the degree of proximity existing between them, the distance separating them.
Yu.D. Apresyan singles out the following properties of pragmatic information: (i) the peripheral nature of the means of its expression (compared to the means of expressing semantic information); (ii) its distribution among different linguistic means; (iii) interweaving with semantic information (ibid.: 16).
The first property is manifested in the fact that in the basic meanings of words, the share of pure semantics is greater than in derivative meanings - figurative, phraseologically related, constructively conditioned, in which, on the contrary, the share of pure pragmatics is greater than in the main ones. The second feature of pragmatic information is that it is often expressed not by one language means, but by a combination of such means. Its localization in one lexeme, one grammeme, one syntactic construction, one prosody is associated with certain difficulties. The last feature of pragmatic information is that it closely intertwined with semantic information and in many cases it is difficult to separate from it. This property manifests itself in two ways. Firstly, there are words whose semantics is outwardly disguised as pragmatics, so that it is easy to go down the wrong (pragmatic) path when describing it. Second, typically pragmatic information is often pressed in directly into the lexical meaning of the word, and in such cases it appears lexicographically as semantic. These features of pragmatic information create significant theoretical and technical difficulties in its identification, study and description.
Yu.D. Apresyan believes that in the structure of a dictionary entry for pragmatic information, a special zone should be allocated, subdivided into a number of subzones depending on the type of lexicographically significant pragmatic information. The author distinguishes the following types of such information: (1) pragmatic stylistic marks, including evaluative ones; such litters include polite (ive), vulgar (ary), rude (th), ironic (personal), caressing, dismissive (pejorative), playful (willow), euf (emistic) and a number of others; (2) pragmatic features of the lexeme, for example, perform(activity) - non-perform(activity); (3) non-trivial illocutionary functions of the lexeme; (4) the status of the speaker and addressee; (5) connotations (see 1.6.1.), cultural and figurative world of the lexeme (tai: 23).
pragmatic
Greek reliable; based on action and applied directly to the case. A pragmatic story, presented in this way, applied, applied directly to the case. A pragmatic sanction, especially important, a state decree, e.g. m. about the expulsion of the princes from Spain, Charles III.
Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov
pragmatic
pragmatic, pragmatic; as a short forms of use pragmatic, pragmatic, pragmatic (bookish).
App. to pragmatism based on pragmatism. pragmatic philosophy. Pragmatic presentation of history.
Being a practical tool for something, having a practical application. Pragmatic speech (as opposed to art). Pragmatic sanction (historical) - the name of some especially
New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.
Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998
Examples of the use of the word pragmatic in the literature.
America, with its lack of spirituality, pragmatic businesslike and inability to create genuine aesthetic values.
In particular, this also applies to the proposition about the role of practice, a proposition that some contemporary perverts of Marxism try to interpret as supposedly expressing and substantiating pragmatic point of view.
The Meiji Restorations were orthodox Westerners, but their Westernism was not ideological, but purely pragmatic.
In other words, having recognized that the transcendental philosophy has failed, if not theoretically, then as the basis of life orientations, as a justification for the historical existence of man, it is necessary to put to the test pragmatic opportunities offered by a pluralistic perspective.
I was naive pragmatically considering literary criticism only as an exfoliation of recipes for their own writing needs.
For the immediate election of the President at the congress, we advocated rather pragmatic than for fundamental reasons, and the constitutional norm provided for popular elections.
Allow me, ladies and gentlemen, to make a thesis hinting that it was not electricity that changed me, but there is no doubt that I have changed, for waking up in a hospital, with bandaged burnt hands, with fingers red like tomatoes, and smeared with ointments, I am not at all was, as might be expected, overwhelmed with shame and remorse over what happened at the flea market, but rather showed excessive calm and pragmatic assessment of both the event itself and my resulting wounds.
The subjects of any theory that can be implemented in a certain area is a logical subject, and therefore, therefore, its goal and organizing link is the concept of some well-defined formalism, the results of a constructed pragmatic system, arranged in it and arranging it itself, due to the fact that thinking builds its syntax and grammar, moving along the canon of logic.
But along with pragmatic We also find another motivation, one that seeks to regain the ontological justification of humanity, to which the old Humanism, rooted in religious tradition, was oriented.
The priesthood of Muad'Dib, the so-called Quizarat, owns another five percent, pragmatic the concession of the Great Houses, thanks to the fact that Dune owns priceless melange.
The advice to put in the header file definitions of only simple, but not compound, constants is explained quite pragmatic reason.
Conducting his thought in a comparative historical coverage, the compiler of the code was not afraid to introduce into the annalistic presentation pragmatic disorder, united under one year different, but homogeneous phenomena.
These attempts, constructive or deconstructive, skeptical and dogmatic, symbolic and pragmatic, create a new, different from previous eras, iconography of eros.
The greatest gift of love, which is intimacy between lovers, is commonly spoken of, one might say, pragmatically.
From modern pragmatic Science Kabbalah differs in that it initially refuses material objects as such tools.
