"Journey Beyond the Three Seas" is an ancient Russian work in the style of diary entries. The author, a Tver merchant Afanasy Nikitin, describes his journey through Derbent and Baku by land to Persia and then to India. The journey lasted from 1466 to 1472. On the way back, before reaching Smolensk, Afanasy Nikitin died.
(Old Russian text with minor abbreviations)
In the summer of 6983 (...) of the same year, he acquired the writing of Othonas, a tveritin merchant who had been in Yndey for 4 years, and he went, he says, with Vasily Papin. As for the experiments, if Vasily went with the Krechats as an ambassador from the Grand Duke, and they said that a year before the Kazan campaign he came from the Horde, if Prince Yuria was near Kazan, then he was shot near Kazan. This is not written, in which summer he went or in which summer he came from Yndei, died, but. they say that, dei, Smolensk did not reach, he died. And he wrote the scripture with his own hand, even with his hands those notebooks were brought by guests to Mamyrev Vasily, to the diyak to the Grand Duke in Moscow.
For the prayer of our holy fathers. Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, the servant of your sinful son Afonasios Mikitin.
Behold, I wrote my sinful journey beyond the three seas: the 1st sea of Derbenskoe, doria Khvalitskaa; 2nd Indian Sea, dorea Gundustanskaa; 3rd Black Sea, doria Stebolskaya.
Departed from the Savior of the Holy Golden-domed and by his mercy, from his sovereign from the Grand Duke Mikhail Borisovich Tverskoy, and from Bishop Gennady Tverskoy, and Boris Zakharyich.
And poidoh down the Volga. And he came to the Kolyazin Monastery to the Holy Trinity of Life and to the Holy Martyrs Boris and Gleb. And he blessed the hegumen with Macarius and the holy brothers. And from Kolyazin I went to Uglech, and from Uglech they let me go voluntarily. And from there he went, from Uglech, and you came to Kostroma to Prince Alexander with another letter of the Grand Duke. And he let me go willingly. And Esmi came to Pleso voluntarily.
And I came to Novogorod in Nizhnyaya to Mikhail x Kiselev, to the governor, and to the duty officer to Yvan to Saraev, and they let me go voluntarily. And Vasily Papin drove past the city for two weeks, and Iz waited in Novegrad in Nizhny for two weeks for the ambassador of the Tatar Shirvanshin Asanbeg, and he rode from the gyrfalcon from the Grand Duke Ivan, and he has ninety gyrfalcons.
And you came with them to the bottom of the Volga. And we passed Kazan voluntarily, we didn’t see anyone, and we passed the Horde, and Uslan, and Sarai, and Berekezany passed. And we drove into Buzan. Then three filthy Tatars ran into us and told us false news: "Kaisym Saltan guards the guests in Buzan, and with him three thousand Tatars." And the ambassador of the Shirvanshin Asanbeg gave them a single coat and a linen to take them past Khaztarakhan. And they, the filthy Tatars, took one by one, and gave the news to the king in Khaztarakhan. And the yaz left his ship and climbed on the ship for a word and with his comrades.
We drove past Khaztarakhan, and the moon was shining, and the tsar saw us, and the Tatars called to us: "Kachma, don't run!" And we didn’t hear anything, but we ran like a sail. Because of our sin, the king sent his entire horde after us. Ini overtook us on Bohun and taught us to shoot. And we shot a man, and they shot two Tatars. And our smaller ship was on the move, and they took us and plundered us at that hour, and mine was all small junk in the smaller ship.
And in a big ship we reached the sea, but it became aground at the mouth of the Volga, and they immediately took us, but the ship was told to pull the ship back up to the ride. And then our larger ship was robbed and the Russians took four heads, and they let us go across the sea with our bare heads, and they didn’t let us go upstairs.
And I went to Derbent, weeping, two courts: in one ship, Ambassador Asanbeg, and theses, and ten heads of Russians; and in the other vessel there are 6 Muscovites, and six Tveriches, and cows, and our food. And the furtovina stood up on the sea, and the smaller ship smashed against the shore. And there is the town of Tarkhi, and people went ashore, and kaitaks came and people caught everyone.
And I came to Derbent, and that Vasily came in good health, and we plundered, And I beat Vasily Papin and the ambassador of the Shirvanshin Asanbeg, that I came with him, so that I would grieve about the people that they were caught under Tarkhi kaytaki. And Asanbeg was sad and went up the mountain to Bulatubeg. And Bulatbeg sent a runner to the Shirvanshibeg, saying: "Lord, the Russian ship broke near Tarkhi, and the kaitaks, having come, caught the people, and plundered their goods."
And the Shirvanshabeg of the same hour sent an envoy to his brother-in-law Alilbeg, the prince of Kaitachev, that: “My ship broke under Tarkhi, and your people, having come, caught people, and robbed their goods; and you, dividing me, sent people to me and they gathered their goods, because those people were sent in my name. And what will you need from me, and you came to me, and I’m not going to fight you, your brother. And those people went to my name, and you would have let them go to me voluntarily, dividing me." And Alilbeg of that hour people sent everyone to Derbent voluntarily, and from Derbent they sent them to the Shirvanshi in his yard - koitul.
And we went to the shirvanshe in and koitul and beat me with his forehead, so that he would grant us, than to reach Russia. And he did not give us anything, but there are many of us. And we, crying, went off in some places: whoever has something in Russia, and he went to Russia; and who should, and he went where his eyes carried. And others remained in Shamakhi, while others went to work for Baka.
And the yaz went to Derbent, and from Derbent to Baka, where the fire burns unquenchable; and from Baki you went across the sea to Chebokar.
Yes, here Esmi lived in Chebokar for 6 months, but lived in Sarah for a month, in the Mazdran land. And from there to Amily, and here you lived for a month. And from there to Dimovant, and from Dimovant to Ray. And that one was killed by Shausen, Alei's children and the grandchildren of the Makhmetevs, and he cursed them, otherwise 70 cities fell apart.
And from Drey to Kashen, and here I was a month, and from Kashen to Nain, and from Nain to Ezdei, and here I lived for a month. And from Dies to Syrchan, and from Syrchan to Tarom, and funiki to feed the animal, batman for 4 altyns. And from Torom to Lara, and from Lara to Bender, and here there is a shelter Gurmyz. And here is the Indian Sea, and in the parse language, and Gondustanskadoria; and from there go by sea to Gurmyz 4 miles.
And Gurmyz is on the island, and every day you can catch the sea twice a day. And then Esmi took the first Velik day, and Esmi came to Gurmyz four weeks before Velik days. And then Esmi did not write all the cities, many great cities. And in Gurmyz there is a hot sun, it will burn a person. And in Gurmyz there was a month, and from Gurmyz you went across the Indian Sea along Velitsa days to Radunitsa, to the tava with conmi.
And I went by sea to Moshkat 10 days; and from Moshkat to Degu 4 days; and from Degas to Kuzryat; and from Kuzryat Konbaatu. And then paint and lek will be born. And from Konbat to Chuvil, and from Chuvil we went on the 7th week along Velitsa days, and we went in Tava for 6 weeks by sea to Chivil.
And here there is an Indian country, and people walk around all naked, but their heads are not covered, and their breasts are bare, and their hair is braided in one braid, and everyone walks around with their belly, and children are born every year, and they have many children. And the men and women are all naked, and all are black. Wherever I go, sometimes there are many people behind me, but they marvel at the white man. And their prince is a photo on his head, and another on the goose; and the boyars have a photo on the splash, and a friend on the goose, the princesses go around the photo on the splash is rounded, and the friend is on the goose. And the servants of the princes and boyars - the photo on the goose is rounded, and the shield, and the sword in their hands, and some with sulits, and others with knives, and others with sabers, and others with bows and arrows; and everyone is naked, but barefoot, and balkata, but they don’t shave their hair. And zhonki go head is not covered, and the nipples are bare; and couples and girls go naked up to seven years, not covered with rubbish.
And I went dry from Chuvil to Pali 8 days, to the Indian mountains. And from Pali to Die 10 days, and that is an Indian city. And from Die to Chuner 7 days.
Tu is Asatkhan Chyunerskaya Indian, and the serf is meliktucharov. And he keeps, they say, this from the meliktochar. And meliktuchar sits on 20 tmah; and he has been fighting with Kafara for 20 years, then they beat him, then he beats them many times. Khan As rides on people. And he has a lot of elephants, and he has a lot of good horses, and he has a lot of Khorosans people. And they are brought from the Khorosan lands, and others from the Orap land, and others from the Turkmen lands, and others from the Chebotai lands, and they bring everything by sea in tavs - Indian ships.
And the sinner's tongue brought the stallion to the Yndei land, and the Lord of affairs came to Chyuner, and he became healthy for everyone, and he became me for a hundred rubles. Winter has become with them since Trinity Day. And we wintered in Chyuner, we lived for two months. Every day and night for 4 months everywhere there is water and mud. On the same days, they yell and sow wheat, and tuturgan, and nogot, and everything edible. Their wine is repaired in great nuts - Gundustan goats; and braga is repaired in tatna. The horses are fed with nofut, and they cook kichiris with sugar, and they feed the horses, but with butter, but they give them wounds. In the Yndei land, horses will not give birth to them, oxen and buffaloes will be born in their land, goods are also driven on the same ones, they carry something else, they do everything.
Chyunerey, on the other hand, there is a city on a stone island, not made by anything, created by God. And they go up the mountain day by one person: the road is narrow, and it’s impossible for two to go.
In Yndeyskaya land, guests are placed in the farmstead, and they cook food for the guests of the sovereign, and make a bed for the guests of the sovereign, and sleep with the guests. Sikish orresen strangler of Beresin, Sikish ormes ek inhabitant of Bersen, dostur avrat chektur, and sikish mufut; they love white people.
In winter, they have people walking on the tail, and the other on the shoulder, and the third on the head; and the princes and boyars of the crowd put on their trousers, and a shirt, and a caftan, and a photo on the shoulder, and gird the other, and turn the third head. And behold Olo, Olo abr, Olo ak, Ollo kerem, Ollo ragim!
And in that one in Chuner, the khan took a stallion from me, and he learned that I was not a Besermenian - a Rusyn. And he says: "I will give a stallion and a thousand golden ladies, and stand in our faith - in Makhmetdeni; but you will not stand in our faith, in Makhmatdeni, and I will take a stallion and I will take a thousand gold pieces on your head." And he committed the term for four days, in Osporino shitty on Spasov's day. And the Lord God had mercy on his honest holiday, did not leave his mercy from me, a sinner, and did not order me to die in Chuner with the wicked. And on the eve of Spasov, the host Makhmet of Horosan arrived, and beat him with his forehead, so that he would grieve about me. And he went to the Khan in the city and asked me to not put me in the faith, and he took my stallion from him. Such is the Ospodar's miracle on Spasov's day. Ino, Russian Christian brothers, who wants to go to the Yndei land, and you leave your faith in Russia, but exclaiming Makhmet and go to the Gundustan land.
The Besermen dogs lied to me, but they only said a lot of our goods, but there is nothing on our land: all the white goods on the Besermen land, pepper and paint, are cheap. Ino carry achei by sea, ini do not give duties. And other people will not let us carry out duties. And there are many duties, and there are many robbers on the sea. And all the Kafars break, neither the peasants, nor the besermen; but they pray with a stone blockhead, but they don’t know Christ, they don’t know Mahmet.
And I went out to Chunerya on Osporzhin day to Beder, to their big city. And I went for a month to Hiper; and from Beder to Kulonker 5 days; and from Kulonger to Kolberg 5 days. Between those great cities are many cities; for every day three cities, and another four cities; kolko kovov, only hailstones. There are 20 kovovos from Chuvil to Chyuner, and 40 kovovo from Chiuner to Beder, and 9 kovovo from Beder to Kulonger, and 9 kovovo from Beder to Kolubergu.
In Bedera, there is bargaining for horses, for goods, and for damask, and for silk, for all other goods, so that black people can buy in it; and there are no other purchases in it. Yes, all their goods are from Gundustan, and all edibles are vegetables, but there are no goods for the Russian land. And all the black people, and all the villains, and the zhonki are all whores, but lead, yes, tati, yes, lies, yes, potion, having given away the potion.
In the Yndei land, all the Khorosans reign, and all the boyars are Khorosans. And the Gundustans are all pedestrians, but the Horosans walk in front of horses, and others are all on foot, they walk greyhounds, and all are naked and barefoot, with a shield in their hands, and in the other a sword, and others with great bows with straight arrows. And fight them all elephants. Yes, they let the footmen go ahead, and the Khorosans on horses and in armor, and the horses themselves. And to the elephant they knit to the snout and to the tooth great swords forged according to the centar, and they will wrap them in damask armor, but towns are made on them, and in the towns there are 12 people in armor, but all with cannons and arrows.
They have one place, Shihb Aludin Pir Yatyr Bazaar Alyadinand. For a year there is one bazaar, the whole country of Indian trade gathers, and they trade for 10 days; from Beder 12 kov. Horses are brought in, up to 20 thousand horses are sold, all goods are brought. In the Gundustan land, this bargain is the best, every product is sold and bought in memory of Shikha Aladin, and in Russian on the Protection of the Holy Mother of God. There is a gukuk bird in that Alyanda, it flies at night, and calls: "kuk-kuk", and on which the horomine sits, then a person will die; and whoever wants to kill her, otherwise fire will come out of her mouth. And mamons walk at night, and have chickens, but live in a mountain or in a stone. And the monkeys, they live in the forest. And they have a monkey prince, let him walk with his army. Yes, whoever cares, and they favor their prince, and he sends his army to him, and they, having come to the city, ruin the courtyards and beat people. And their rati, they say, are many, and they have their own language. And many children will be born; Yes, which will be born neither in the father nor in the mother, and they rush along the roads. Some Hindustanis have those and teach them all kinds of needlework, while others are sold at night so that they don’t know how to run back, and others are taught mikanet bases.
Spring began with them from the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God. And they celebrate Shiga Aladin, spring is two weeks along the Intercession, and they celebrate 8 days. And spring lasts 3 months, and summer 3 months, and winter 3 months, autumn 3 months.
In Bederi, their table is for Gundustan of Besermen. And the city is great, and there are many people. And the saltan is small - 20 years old, but the boyars keep it, and the Khorosans reign, and all the Khorosans fight.
There is a Khorosan meliktuchar boyar, otherwise he has two hundred thousand armies, and Melikkhan has 100 thousand, and Faratkhan has 20 thousand, and many of those khans have 10 thousand armies. And with the Saltan, three hundred thousand of their armies come out.
And the land is crowded with velmi, and the rural people are naked with velmi, and the boyars are strong, good and magnificent with velmi. And all of them are carried on their beds on silver ones, and horses are led in front of them in gold tackles up to 20; and 300 people on horseback behind them, and five hundred people on foot, and 10 pipe workers, and 10 people on nagarnikov, and 10 pipers.
Saltan, on the other hand, leaves for fun with his mother and his wife, sometimes with him there are 10 thousand people on horseback, and fifty thousand on foot, and two hundred elephants are led out, dressed in gilded armor, and in front of him there are a hundred trumpeters, and a hundred people dancing, and simple horses 300 in gold tackle, and a hundred monkeys behind him, and a hundred whores, and all are gaurok.
In Saltanov's courtyard there are seven gates, and in the gate sits one hundred watchmen and one hundred Kafar scribes. Who will go, ini write down, and who will leave, ini write down. And garipov are not allowed into the city. And his court is wonderfully velmy, everything is cut and in gold, and the last stone is carved and gold is described velmi wonderfully. Yes, in his yard there are different courts.
The city of Hips is guarded at night by a thousand kutovalovs, and they ride horses in armor, and everyone has a light.
And he sold his stallion in Bederi. Yes, I gave him sixty and eight futuns, and fed him for a year. In Bederi, snakes walk the streets, and its length is two fathoms. And he came to Beder about the conspiracy about Filipov and Kulonger, and sold his stallion about Christmas.
And here I would have gone to the Great Confinement in Bederi and got to know many Indians. And I told them my faith, that I am not a Besermenian and poisoning, and I am a Christian, but my name is Ofonasei, but the Besermenian name of the host Isuf Horosani. And they did not learn from me to reveal anything, neither about food, nor about trade, nor about manaz, nor about other things, nor did they teach their zhon to hide.
Yes, everything is about faith about their trials, and they say: we believe in Adam, and the butes, it seems, that is, Adam and his whole family. And faith in Indians of all 80 and 4 faiths, and everyone believes in buta. And faith with faith neither drink, nor eat, nor marry. And another is boranine, yes chickens, yes fish, yes eggs, but no faith can eat oxen.
In Bederi, it was 4 months and they lit up from the Indians to go to Pervot, then their Jerusalem, and along the Besermen Myagkat, where their butkhana is. In the same place, they died from the Indians and let them be Khans for a month. And I've been trading at the butkhana for 5 days. But Velmi’s butkhana is great, with half of Tver, a stone, but the acts of the butovy are cut on it. Around her, all 12 crowns were cut, how but miracles worked, how they showed many images to them: first, he appeared in a human way; the other, man, and the nose of elephants; third, a man, and a vision of a monkey; fourthly, a man, but in the image of a fierce beast, but appeared to them all with a tail. And it is carved on stones, and the tail through it is fathoms.
The whole country of India comes to the butkhan for the miracle of butovo. Yes, old and young, women and girls shave at the butkhan. And they shave all their hair, - and beards, and heads, and tails. Let them go to the butkhan. Yes, from every head they pay two sheshkeni duties per buta, and from horses four feet. And all the people come to the butkhanu bysty azar lek vah bashet sat azar lek.
In the butkhan, the boot is carved from black stone, the velmi is great, and his tail is through it, but he raised his right hand high and stretched it out, like Ustenyan the Tsar of Tsaregrad, and in his left hand he has a spear. But there is nothing on him, but his chin is due to his fly, and his vision is monkeyish. And some butovy naked, there is nothing, the cat is achyuk, and the butovy naga zhonki are carved with rubbish and with children. And in front of the buta, there is a great ox, and it is carved from stone and black, and all is gilded. And they kiss him on the hoof, and pour flowers on him. And flowers are poured on the buta.
The Indians do not eat any kind of meat, neither yalovichina, nor boranine, nor chicken meat, nor fish, nor pork, but they have a lot of pigs. They eat twice a day, but they don’t eat at night, and they don’t drink wine, nor are they full. And besermen neither drink nor eat. And their food is bad. And one with one neither drinks, nor eats, nor with his wife. And they eat brynets, and kichiri with butter, and they eat rose herbs, but they cook with butter and milk, and they eat everything with their right hand, but they won’t take it for anything with their left. But the knife does not shake, and the liars do not know. And on the road, who cooks porridge for himself, and everyone has a mountain top. And they hide from besermen, so that they don’t look either into the mountaineer or into the food. And just look, otherwise they don’t eat. And they eat, they cover themselves with a fee so that no one sees it.
And their prayer to the east, in Russian. Both hands are raised high, and placed on the crown of the head, and lie prostrate on the ground, and the whole body is stretched on the ground, then their bows. And the eaters sit down, and they wash their hands and feet, and rinse their mouths. But their booths are without doors, but are placed to the east, and the booths are to the east. And whoever dies among them, they burn them and throw ashes on the water. And the wife gives birth to a child, sometimes the husband babits, and the father gives the name to the son, and the daughter's mother. But they don’t have dobrovt, but they don’t know litter. He went or came, the Yin Xia bowed in Chernechsky, both hands reached the ground, but did not say anything.
They go to Pervoti about a great conspiracy, to their butu. Theirs is Jerusalem, and the Besermen Myakka, and in Russian Jerusalem, and in Indian Porvat. And all the naked people come together, only on a bunch of boards; and the zhonki are all naked, only on the tail of a photo, and others are in photos, and there are a lot of pearls on their necks, and yachts, and hoops and gold rings on their hands. Ollo wow! And inside to the butkhan they go to the will, and the ox's horns are bound with media, and on his neck there are three hundred bells, and the hooves are shod with media. And those oxen are called achchei.
The Indians call the ox father, and the cow matter. And they bake bread with their feces and boil their own food, and with that ashes they smear a banner on the face, and on the forehead, and all over the body. In the week and on Monday they eat one day. In Yndeya, as a chektur, but I study: you cut or irsen iki inhabitants; akichany ila atarsyn alty zhetel take; bulara dostur. And kul koravash uchyuz char funa hub, bem funa hube sia; kapkara amchuk kichi he likes.
From Pervati, you came to Beder, fifteen days before the Besermen ulubagr. But I don’t know the Great Day and the Resurrection of Christ, but I’m guessing from signs. Great is the day of the Christian first besermen’s bagram in nine days or ten days. And with me there is nothing, no book; but I took the books with me from Russia, otherwise if they robbed me, they took them, and I forgot all the Christian faiths. Peasant holidays, I don’t know Great Days, I don’t know the Nativity of Christ, I don’t know Wednesday or Friday; and in between is the ver tangridan stirrup Ol saklasyn: "Ollo bad, Ollo ak, Ollo you, Ollo akber, Ollo ragym, Ollo kerim, Ollo ragym ello, Ollo karim hello, tangresen, thin-sensen. God is one, ty king of glory, creator of the sky and earth".
And I'm going to Russia, ketmyshtyr name, ruch tutty. The month of March has passed, and the yaz spoke for besermens a week, yes, I talked for a month, I didn’t eat meat and nothing fast, no besermenian food, but I ate bread and water twice a day, avratyla yatmadym. Yes, I prayed to Christ the almighty, who created heaven and earth, and I did not call anyone else by name, God Ollo, God Kerim. God is ragim, God is bad. God akber, God the king of glory, Ollo varenno, Ollo ragim elno sensen Ollo you.<...>
Maya month 1 day Great day took Esmi in Bedera in Besermen in Gundustan, and Besermen Bagram was taken in the middle of the month; and Esmi spoke of the month of April 1 day. About the good faith of Rustia Christians! Whoever swims a lot in many lands, they fall into many troubles, and let them deprive them of their Christian faith. But I am the servant of God Athonasius, took pity on the Christian faith. I have already passed 4 Great Goveina and 4 Great Days, but as a sinner I don’t know what a Great Day or Goveina is, I don’t know the Nativity of Christ, I don’t know any other holidays, I don’t know Wednesday or Friday - but I don’t have books. If they robbed me, they took my books. But from many misfortunes I went to Indei, there was nothing left for me to go to Russia with, I had nothing left for goods. The first Great day took you in Cain, and the other Great day in Chebokara in the Mazdran land, the third Great day in Gurmyz, the fourth Great day took you in Yndey for bezermen in Beder; the same many weeping for the Christian faith.
Besermenin Melik, he forced me a lot into the faith of the Besermenian article. And I rekoh to him: "Lord! You are a namaz kalarsen, men and namaz kilarmen; you are namaz kylarsiz, men yes 3 kalarmen; less garip, and canopy inchai." He speaks in the world: "True, you do not seem to be a besermen, but you do not know Christianity." And I fell into many thoughts, and repented in myself: “Woe to me, the accursed one, as if I have lost my way from the true path and I don’t know the path, I’ll go already. Lord, look upon me and have mercy on me, for I am your creature; do not turn me away, Lord, from the true path, guide me. , as if all your days are good in evil. My Lord, Ollo is the first god, Ollo you, Karim Ollo, Ragim Ollo, Karim Ollo, Ragim Hello; ahamdulimo. Already four great days have passed in the Besermen land, but I have not left Christianity. Farther, God knows, what will be. Lord my God, on thee hopes, save me, Lord my God.
In Yndeya, in Besermenskaya, in the Great Beder, you looked at the Great Night on the Great Day, Volosyns and Kola entered the dawn, and the Elk was heading to the east.
The sultan rode on the bagry on the Besermenskaya for teferich, sometimes with him 20 great vozyrs, and three hundred elephants dressed in damask armor and from the towns, and the towns were chained. Yes, in the towns there are 6 people in armor, and with cannons and squeakers, and on a great elephant 12 people each. Yes, for each there are two great parters, and great swords are tied to the tooth according to the centar, and great iron weights are tied to the snout. Yes, a man sits in armor between his ears, but he has a great iron hook, and so they rule him. Yes, there are a thousand simple horses in golden tacks, and a hundred camels with soot, and 30.0 trumpeters, and 300 dancers, and 300 carpets. three sabers on it are bound with gold, and the saddle is gold, and the tackle is gold, and all is gold. Yes, before him gallops Kafar pesh and plays Teremets, but behind him there are many footmen. Yes, a good elephant follows him, and all dressed up in a damask, and upholsters people, but he has a large iron chain in his mouth, and upholsters horses and people, no matter who steps on the saltan close.
And the brother of the sultans, and he sits on a bed on a golden one, and above him there is an oksamiten tower, and a poppy of gold from a yacht, and 20 people carry it.
And the makhtum sits on a bed on a golden one, and above him there is a tower of Shidians with a golden poppy, and they carry him on 4 horses in golden tackle. Yes, there are a lot of people around him, and there are singers in front of him, and there are many dancers; yes, all with bare swords, yes with sabers, yes with shields, yes with sulits, yes with copies, yes with bows with straight lines with great ones. Yes, the horses are all in armor, but the sadaks are on them. And other nagas are all, one cloak on the goose, hung with rubbish.
In Beder, the month is full for three days. There is no sweet vegetable in Bedera. There is no strong vara in Gundustani. Silen var in Gurmyz and in Kyatobagryim, where pearls will give birth, and in Zhide, and in Bak, and in Misyur, and in Orobstani, and in Lara. But in the Khorosan land it is different, but not like that. And in Chegotani it’s very varno. In Shiryazi, but in Ride, but in Kashini it’s varno, but there is a wind. And in Gilyai it is stuffy, and the parlor is dashing, but in Shamakhi, steam is dashing; yes, in Babylon it is varno, yes in Khumit, yes in Sham it is varno, but in Lyap it is not so varno.
And in Sevastia Bay and in the Gurzyn land, good is offensive to everyone. Yes, the Turkish land is offensive to Velmy. Yes, everything edible is insulting and cheap in the Voloska land. Yes, and Podolsk land is offensive to everyone. And Rus er tangryd saklasyn; Ollo sakla, bad sakla! Bu daniada munu kibit er ektur; Nechik Urus eri begliari some tugil; Urus er abodan bolsyn; rast kam gives. Ollo, Khudo, God, Danira.
Oh my God! On thee hopes, save me, Lord! I don’t know the way, I’ll go from Gundustan to Gurmyz: go to Gurmyz, but there’s no way from Gurmyz to Horosan, there’s no way to Chegotai, there’s no way to Bodat, there’s no way to Katabogryim, there’s no way to Ride, there’s no way to Rabostan no. That everywhere Bulgak became; knocked out princes everywhere. Yaisha myrza was killed by Uzoasanbeg, and Sultan Musyait was fed, and Uzuosanbek sat on Shiryaz, and the earth did not hold together, and Ediger Makhmet, who does not go to him, is observed. And there is no other way. And go to Myakka, otherwise become in the Besermenian faith. In the past, the Christians do not go to Myakka of faith, dividing what to put in faith. And to live in Gundustani, otherwise the whole sobina is sick, everything is expensive for them: one person, sometimes half a third of Altyn goes for food for a day, but you didn’t drink wine, nor are you full.<...>
On the fifth Great day, I thought about Russia. Idoh from Beder hail, a month before the ulubagryam of Besermen, Mamet Denis promised. And the Great day of the Christians I do not know the Resurrection of Christ, but the govey of their goveh z besermen, and broke the fast with them, and the Great day took in Kelbury from Bederi 10 kov.
The Sultan came and meliktuchar with his army on the 15th day along the ulebagryma, and in Kelberg. But the war was not successful for them, one city was taken by the Indian, and many of their people were bent, and the treasury wasted a lot.
But the Indian Saltan Kadam Velmi is strong, and he has a lot of rati. And he sits in a mountain in Bichineger, and his city is great. There are three ditches around it, and a river flows through it. And from one country his zhengel is evil, and from another country the dol came, and the place is wonderful and pleasing to everyone. There is nowhere to go to one country, the road is through the city, but there is nowhere to take the city, the mountain has come great and the deber of evil tick. Under the city, the army flocked for a month, and people died without water, and many heads of Velma were bent from hunger and lack of water. And he looks at the water, but there is nowhere to take it.
And the hail took the Indian melikchan host, and took him by force, day and night fought with the city for 20 days, the army neither drank nor ate, stood under the city with cannons. And his rati bent five thousand good people. And he took the city, and they carved 20 thousand male and female livestock, and took 20 thousand full of great and small.
And they sold a full head for 10 teneks, and another for 5 teneks, and robyata for two teneks. And there was nothing in the treasury. But he did not take the big city.
And from Kelbergu went to Kuluri. And in Kuluri, an akhik is born, and they make it, they deliver it to the whole world from there. And in the Kuriles, there are three hundred diamond miners mikunet. And the same for five months, and from there Kaliki died. The same bozar velmi is great. And from there I went to Konaberg, and from Kanaberg I went to Sheikh Aladin. And from Shih Aladin he went to Amendriye, and from Kamendria to Nyaryas, and from Kinaryas to Suri, and from Suri he went to Dabyli - the haven of the Indian Sea.
Dabil is the city of Velmy is great, and besides, Dabyli and the whole coast of India and Ethiopia comes together. The same accursed servant of Afonasios, the God of the Highest, the creator of heaven and earth, pondered according to faith, according to the Christian, and after the baptism of Christ, and according to the holy fathers, according to the commandments of the apostles, and rushed with the mind to go to Russia. And he went into the tava, and talked about the ship, and from his head there were two golden cities to Gurmyz. I entered the ship from Dabyl grad to Velik days for three months of besermensky gowain.
And Idoh in Tava by sea for a month, and saw nothing. The next month I saw the mountains of Ethiopia, the same people shouted all over: “Ollo pervodiger, Ollo konkar, Bazim Bashi is mudna nasin bigmishti”, and in Russian they say: “God grant, God, God Almighty, the king of heaven, here he judged us thou perish!"
In the same land of Ethiopia there were five days. By the grace of God, evil did not do it. They distributed a lot of cheese, and pepper, and Ethiopian bread, but they did not rob the ship.
And from there they went 12 days to Moshkat. In Moshkat, the sixth Great day took. And I went to Gurmyz for 9 days, and in Gurmyz for 20 days. And from Gurmyz I went to Lari, and there were three days in Lari. From Lari I went to Shiryazi for 12 days, and in Shiryaz for 7 days. And from Shiryaz I went to Verga for 15 days, and to Velergu for 10 days. And from Vergu I went to Ride for 9 days, and to Ride by 8 days. And Izdi went to Spagani for 5 days, and to Spagani for 6 days. And is Paganipoidoh Kashini, and in Kashini there were 5 days. And Is Kashina went to Kuma, and Is Kuma went to Sava. And from Sava I went to Sultan, and from Sultania I went to Terviz, and from Terviz I went to the Asanbeg horde. And the horde was 10 days old, but there is no way to go anywhere. And he sent rati of his court 40 thousand to Tursk. Ini Sevast was taken, and Tokhat was taken and burned, Amasia was taken, and many villages were plundered, but they went to fight against the Karaman.
And the yaz from the horde went to Artsytsyan, and from Ortsshchan I went to Trepison.
In Trepison, the Holy Mother of God and the Ever-Virgin Mary came to the Intercession, and they were in Trabizon for 5 days. And he came to the ship and talked about nalon - to give gold from his head to Kafa; and I took the golden Esmi for grub, and gave in the Cafe.
And in Trabizon, the same shubash and pasha did a lot of evil. They took all my rubbish to their place in the city on the mountain and searched everything - what a good trifle, and they robbed everything. And they search for letters that you have come from the horde of Asanbeg.
By the grace of God, I came to the third Black Sea, and in the Parsi language, Doria Stimbolskaa. And Idoh on the sea by the wind for 10 days, reached Vonada, and there we were met by a great midnight wind, bring us back to Trabizon, and we stood in Platan for 15 days, the wind is great and evil. ex. Yes, I went to the sea twice, and the evil wind meets us, it will not let us walk on the sea. Ollo ak, Ollo Bad pervodiger! I don't know the development of that other God.
And the sea is a rogue, but bring us to Balikae, and from there to Tokorzov, and that I stood for 5 days. By the grace of God, I came to Kafu 9 days before the Filipov conspiracy. Ollo pioneer!
By the grace of God, the three seas passed. Diger Khudo dono, Ollo the first-digger is given. Amen! Smilna rahmam ragim. Ollo akbir, akshi Khudo, ilello aksh Khodo. Isa ruhoalo, aaliksolom. Ollo akber. And ilyagaila ilello. Ollo is a pioneer. Ahamdu lillo, shukur Khudo afatad. Bismilnagi rahmam rragim. Khuvo can climb, la lasaille guya alimul gyaibi wa shagaditi. Fuck rahman ragim, khubo can climb. Lyailaga il lyakhuya. Almelik, alacudos, asaloma, almumin, almugamina, alazizu, alchebar, almutakanbiru, alkhaliku, albariuu, almusaviru, alkafaru, alkaljaru, alvazahu, alryazak, alphatag, alalimu, alcabizu, albasutu, alhafiz, alliru, almuselu, almuzil alakama, aladulu, alatufu.
"JOURNEY FOR THREE SEAS" AFANASIY NIKITIN
(Translated by L.S. Smirnov)
In the year 6983 (1475). (...) In the same year, he received the records of Athanasius, a merchant of Tver, he was in India, and writes that he set off on a journey with. I asked when Vasily Papin was sent with gyrfalcons as an ambassador from the Grand Duke, and they told me that a year before the Kazan campaign he returned from the Horde, and died near Kazan, shot with an arrow,. I did not find in the records in what year Athanasius went or in what year he returned from India and died, but they say that he died before reaching Smolensk. And he wrote notes with his own hand, and those notebooks with his notes were brought by merchants to Moscow.
For the prayer of our holy fathers, Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, the servant of your sinful son Athanasius Nikitin.
I wrote down here about my sinful journey beyond three seas: the first sea is Darya, the second sea is Indian, Gundustan Darya, the third sea is Black, Istanbul Darya.
I swam down the Volga. And he came to the Kalyazinsky Monastery to the Holy Trinity of the Life-Giving and the Holy Martyrs Boris and Gleb. And he received a blessing from hegumen Macarius and the holy brethren. From Kalyazin I sailed to Uglich, and from Uglich they let me go without any obstacles. And, having sailed from Uglich, he arrived in Kostroma and came to Prince Alexander with another diploma from the Grand Duke. And they let me go without a hitch. And he arrived safely in Ples.
And I came to Nizhny Novgorod to Mikhail Kiselev, the governor, and to the messenger Ivan Saraev, and they let me go without obstacles. And Vasily Papin, however, had already passed the city, and I was waiting for Hasan-bek, the Tatar ambassador, in Nizhny Novgorod for two weeks. And he rode with gyrfalcons from, and he had ninety gyrfalcons.
I swam with them down the Volga. Kazan passed without obstacles, they did not see anyone, and the Horde and Uslan, and Saray, and Berekezan sailed and entered. And then three infidel Tatars met us and gave us a false message: "Sultan Kasim lies in wait for merchants in Buzan, and with him three thousand Tatars." The ambassador of the Shirvanshah, Hasan-bek, gave them a single-row caftan and a piece of linen to take us past Astrakhan. And they, the unfaithful Tatars, took one by one, and sent the message to the tsar in Astrakhan. And I left my ship with my comrades, went to the embassy ship.
We are sailing past Astrakhan, and the moon is shining, and the tsar saw us, and the Tatars shouted to us: "Kachma - do not run!" But we didn’t hear anything about it and we’re running under sail. For our sins, the king sent all his people after us. They overtook us on Bohun and started shooting at us. We shot a man, and we shot two of their Tatars. And our smaller ship got stuck, and they immediately took it and plundered it, and all my luggage was on that ship.
We reached the sea on a large ship, but it became aground at the mouth of the Volga, and then they overtook us and ordered the ship to be pulled up the river to the eza. And our big ship was robbed here and four Russians were taken prisoner, and we were released with our bare heads across the sea, and they didn’t let us go back, up the river, so that they wouldn’t give us news.
And we went, crying, on two ships to Derbent: in one ship, Ambassador Hasan-bek, yes, yes, we, Russians, ten people; and in another ship - six Muscovites, and six Tverites, and cows, and our food. And a storm arose on the sea, and the smaller ship broke on the shore. And here is a town, and people went ashore, but they came and took everyone prisoner.
And we came to Derbent, and Vasily arrived there safely, and we were robbed. And I beat Vasily Papin and the ambassador of the Shirvanshah Hasan-bek, with whom we came with, with my brow - so that I would take care of the people whom the kaitaks had captured near Tarki. And Hassan-bek went to the mountain to ask Bulat-bek. And Bulat-bek sent a runner to the Shirvanshah to convey: "Sir! The Russian ship crashed near Tarki, and the kaitaks, having arrived, took the people prisoner, and plundered their goods."
And the Shirvanshah immediately sent an ambassador to his brother-in-law, the prince of kaitaks, Khalil-bek: "My ship crashed near Tarki, and your people, having come, captured people from it, and plundered their goods; and you, for my sake, people came to me and goods collect them, because those people were sent to me. And what you need from me, and you send to me, and I will not contradict you, my brother, in anything. And those people came to me, and you, me for your sake, let them go to me without hindrance." And Khalil-bek released all the people to Derbent immediately without obstacles, and from Derbent they were sent to the Shirvanshah, to his headquarters - koitul.
We went to the Shirvanshah, to his headquarters, and beat him with our foreheads so that he would grant us, than to reach Russia. And he did not give us anything: they say, there are many of us. And we parted, crying, who went where: whoever had what was left in Russia, he went to Russia, and whoever had to, he went wherever his eyes looked. Others remained in Shamakhi, while others went to work in Baku.
And I went to Derbent, and from Derbent to Baku, and from Baku I went overseas to Chapakur.
An Indian khan rules here - Asad Khan of the Junnar, and he serves. Troops were given to him from melik-at-tujar, they say; seventy thousand. And the melik-at-tujar has two hundred thousand troops under his command, and he has been fighting since he was twenty years old: and they defeated him more than once, and he defeated them many times. Asadkhan rides in public. And he has many elephants, and he has many good horses, and he has many warriors. And horses are brought from the Khorasan land, others from the Arab land, others from the Turkmen land, others from the Chagotai land, and they are all brought by sea in tavs - Indian ships.
And I, a sinner, brought the stallion to the Indian land, and went with him to Junnar, with God's help, healthy, and he became me a hundred rubles. Their winter began with. I wintered in Junnar, lived here for two months. Every day and night - for four whole months - everywhere there is water and mud. These days they plow with them and sow wheat, and rice, and peas, and everything edible. They make wine from large nuts, they are called, and mash - from. Horses are fed here with peas, but boiled with sugar and butter, and they feed the horses with them, and in the morning they give them. Horses are not found in the Indian land, bulls and buffaloes are born in their land - they ride and carry goods and other things, they do everything.
Dzhunnar-grad stands on a stone rock, not fortified by anything, protected by God. And the paths to that mountain go by one person at a time: the road is narrow, two cannot pass.
In Indian land, merchants are settled in inns. The maids cook for the guests, and the maids make the bed, and sleep with the guests. (If you have a close relationship with her, give two inhabitants, if you do not have a close connection, give one inhabitant. There are many wives here according to the rule of temporary marriage, and then a close relationship is free); they love white people.
In winter, they have ordinary people walking around - a veil on their hips, another on their shoulders, and a third on their heads; and princes and boyars then put on ports, and a shirt, and a caftan, and a veil on their shoulders, they will gird themselves with another veil, and wrap their head with a third veil. (O God, great God. True Lord, generous God, merciful God!)
And in that Junnar, the khan took away my stallion when he found out that I was not a Besermenian, but a Rusyn. And he said: "And I will return the stallion, and a thousand gold ladies in addition, just convert to our faith - to. But if you don’t convert to our faith, to Muhammeddin, I’ll take the stallion, and I’ll take a thousand gold pieces from your head." And he appointed a deadline - four days, on Spasov's day, on. Yes, the Lord God took pity on his honest holiday, did not leave me, a sinner, with his mercy, did not let me die in Junnar among the infidels. On the eve of Spasov Day, the treasurer Mohammed, a Khorasanian, arrived, and I beat him with my forehead so that he would fuss for me. And he went to the city to Asad Khan and asked for me so that they would not convert me to their faith, and he took my stallion back from the Khan. Such is the Lord's miracle on Spasov's day. And so, brothers Russian Christians, whoever wants to go to the Indian land - leave your faith in Russia, yes, having called on Muhammad, go to the Gundustan land.
The besermen dogs lied to me, they said that there is a lot of our goods, but there is nothing for our land: all the goods are white for the Besermen land, pepper and paint are cheap. Those who carry oxen across the sea do not pay those duties. And we will not be allowed to transport goods without duty. And there are many duties, and there are many robbers on the sea. Infidels rob, they are not Christians and they are not bezermen: they pray to stone blockheads and they don’t know either Christ or Muhammad.
And from Dzhunnar they went to Uspenye and went to Bidar, their main city. It took a month to Bidar, and five days from Bidar to Kulongiri, and five days from Kulongiri to Gulbarga. Between these large cities there are many other cities, every day three cities passed, and another day four cities: how many - so many cities. From Chaul to Junnar there are twenty kovs, and from Junnar to Bidar forty kovs, from Bidar to Kulongiri nine kovs, and from Bidar to Gulbarga nine kovs.
In Bidar, they sell horses, silk and any other goods, as well as black slaves, but there is no other goods here. The goods are all from Gundustan, and from the edible only vegetables, and there is no goods for the Russian land. And here the people are all black, all the villains, and the wives are all walking, yes sorcerers, yes tatis, yes deceit, yes poison, poison the gentlemen.
In the Indian land, all the Khorasanians reign, and the boyars are all Khorasanians. And the Gundustans are all on foot and walk in front of the Khorasans who are on horseback; and the rest are all on foot, walk quickly, all naked and barefoot, in one hand a shield, in the other a sword, and others with large straight bows and arrows. The battle is being fought more and more on elephants. Soldiers on foot walk ahead, behind them are Khorasans in armor on horses, themselves in armor and horses. Large forged swords are tied to the head and tusks of the elephants, according to weight, and the elephants are dressed in damask armor, and turrets are made on the elephants, and in those turrets there are twelve people in armor, and all with cannons, but with arrows.
There is one place here - Aland, where Sheikh Ala-ad-din (the saint lies) and the fair happens. Once a year, the whole Indian country comes to trade at that fair, they trade here for ten days; from Bidar twelve kovs. They bring horses here - up to twenty thousand horses - to sell and bring any goods. This fair is the best in the Gundustan land, every product is sold and bought on the days of the memory of Sheikh Ala-ad-Din, but in our opinion on. And there is also a gukuk bird in that Aland, it flies at night: it shouts: "kuk-kuk"; and on whose house she sits, a person will die there, and whoever wants to kill her, she fires fire from her mouth at that one. they go at night and grab chickens, and they live on the hills or among the rocks. And the monkeys live in the forest. They have a monkey prince, he walks with his army. If someone offends the monkeys, they complain to their prince, and he sends his army to the offender, and when they come to the city, they destroy houses and kill people. And the monkey army, they say, is very large, and they have their own language. Many cubs will be born to them, and if one of them is born to either mother or father, they are abandoned on the roads. Other Gundustans pick them up and teach them all sorts of crafts; and if they sell, then at night, so that they cannot find their way back, and others are taught (to amuse people).
Their spring began with the Protection of the Holy Mother of God. And they celebrate the memory of Sheikh Ala-ad-Din and the beginning of spring two weeks after the Intercession; The holiday lasts eight days. And they have three months of spring, and three months of summer, and three months of winter, and three months of autumn.
Bidar is the capital city of Gundustan of Besermen. The city is big and there are a lot of people in it. The Sultan is young, twenty years old - the boyars rule, and the Khorasans rule and all the Khorasans fight.
The boyar-Khorasan, melik-at-tujar, lives here, so he has two hundred thousand of his rati, and Melik Khan has a hundred thousand, and Faratkhan has twenty thousand, and many khans have ten thousand troops. And three hundred thousand of his troops go out with the Sultan.
The land is populous, and the rural people are very poor, while the boyars have great power and are very rich. The boyars are carried on silver stretchers, in front of the horses are led in a golden harness, up to twenty horses are led, and behind them are three hundred horsemen, and five hundred foot soldiers, and ten trumpeters, and ten people with drums, and ten pipers.
And when the Sultan goes for a walk with his mother and his wife, then ten thousand horsemen follow him and fifty thousand on foot, and two hundred elephants are led out, all in gilded armor, and in front of him are a hundred trumpeters, a hundred dancers, and three hundred lead riding horses in a golden harness, and a hundred monkeys, and a hundred concubines, they are called gaurks.
Seven gates lead to the palace of the Sultan, and one hundred guards and one hundred kafirs-scribes sit in the gates. Some write down who goes to the palace, others who goes out. Foreigners are not allowed into the palace. And the Sultan's palace is very beautiful, there are carvings and gold on the walls, the last stone - and that one is very beautifully painted in carvings and gold. Yes, in the palace of the Sultan, the vessels are different.
At night, the city of Bidar is guarded by a thousand guards under command, on horseback and in armor, and each has a torch in their hands.
I sold my stallion in Bidar. I spent sixty-eight futuns on him, fed him for a year. In Bidar, snakes crawl along the streets, two fathoms long. I returned to Bidar from Kulongiri on , and sold my stallion for Christmas.
In Trabzon, he came to the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God and Ever-Virgin Mary and stayed in Trabzon for five days. I came to the ship and agreed on a payment - to give gold from my head up to, and I borrowed gold for grub - to give it to the Cafe.
AND The name of the Tver merchant Athanasius Nikitin (c. 1433–1472) is well known to everyone. Everyone knows that he went to India and left the "Journey Beyond the Three Seas", and if you look at the map, you can even guess that the three seas are the Black, Caspian and Arabian. But how many have had the pleasure of enjoying this wonderful story?
Traveling across the three seas was not the first for Athanasius. Most likely, by the age of 33, when he went to Persia with the embassy of Ivan III, this enterprising man managed to wander around the world a lot. I knew a lot, I saw a lot. Maybe in those days the West and the East were not so far apart? Maybe in the Middle Ages there was not such a gulf between Europe and Asia, between Western and Eastern beliefs and customs? Maybe we separated ourselves from each other later?
Be that as it may, one can safely say that it was merchants, and not scientists, conquerors and adventurers, who with such persistence expanded the boundaries of the known world, searched for and found new lands, established ties with new peoples. And this cannot be achieved with courage and recklessness alone, without the ability to compromise, respect for the new and friendliness. It is only a pity that hordes of ruthless nomads and greedy rulers followed along the paths laid by merchants, burning out the timid sprouts of mutual understanding and religious tolerance with a red-hot iron. The merchant is looking for benefits, not quarrels: war is the shroud of trade.
Among the thousands of merchants who embarked on journeys full of dangers in a desperate determination to sell at a higher price, at a lower price, one can count on one hand those who left behind travel records. And Afanasy Nikitin is among them. Moreover, he managed to visit a country where, it seems, no European has set foot before him - amazing, coveted India. His laconic "Journey beyond the three seas of Afonas Mikitin" contains a whole scattering of precious information about the life of the Old Indian, which has not lost its value to this day. What is the mere description of the solemn departure of the Indian Sultan surrounded by 12 viziers and accompanied by 300 elephants, 1000 horsemen, 100 camels, 600 trumpeters and dancers and 300 concubines!
It is very instructive to learn about the difficulties that the Christian Athanasius encountered in a foreign country. Of course, he was not the first to painfully search for a way to preserve his faith among the Gentiles. But it is precisely his narrative that is the most valuable European document, which is an example of not only spiritual stamina, but also religious tolerance and the ability to defend one's views without false heroism and empty insults. And one can argue to the point of hoarseness whether Afanasy Nikitin accepted Islam. But doesn’t the very fact that he tried with all his might to return to his homeland prove that he remained a Christian?..
A clear and measured, devoid of any literary excesses and at the same time a very personal narrative of Afanasy Nikitin is read in one spirit, but ... poses many questions to the reader. How did this man, having lost all his possessions, get to Persia, and from there to India? Did he know foreign languages in advance, or did he learn them on the way (after all, he so accurately conveys Tatar, Persian and Arabic speech in Russian letters)? Was the ability to navigate by the stars common among Russian merchants? How did he earn his living? How did you raise money to return to Russia?
The narrations of other travelers - merchants and ambassadors, who made up the appendix to this book, will help you understand all this. Get acquainted with the notes of the Franciscan Guillaume de Rubruk (c. 1220 - c. 1293), struggling to fulfill his mission and constantly complaining about the negligence of the interpreters; Russian merchant Fedot Kotov, who went to Persia around 1623 and for whom trade benefits and the state of trade routes are in first, second and third place; and the Venetians Ambrogio Contarini and Josaphat Barbaro, an ambassador and merchant who visited Russia on their way to the Eastern countries in 1436–1479. Compare their impressions. See how the world has changed over four centuries. And maybe the truth will be revealed to you ...
Afanasy Nikitin. WALKING FOR THREE SEAS
Old Russian text Trinity List of the 16th century.
W and the prayer of our holy fathers, Lord Jesus Christ, son of God, have mercy on me, your sinful servant, Afonasius Mikitin, son. Behold, I wrote my sinful journey beyond the three seas: the first sea of Derbenskoe, the doriya of Khvalitskaa; the second Indian Sea, the doria of Gondustanskaa; the third Black Sea, Stembolskaa Doriya. Departed from the holy Savior of the Golden-domed with his mercy, from the Grand Duke Mikhail Borisovich and from Bishop Genady of Tver, went to the bottom of the Volga and came to the monastery to the holy life-giving Trinity and the holy martyr Boris and Gleb; and at the hegumen, blessing the brothers at Macarius; and from Kolyazin went to Coal, from Coal to Kostroma to Prince Alexander, with her Gramotoya. And the great prince let me go of all Russia voluntarily. And on Eleso, in Nizhny Novgorod, to Mikhail, to Kiselev, to the viceroy and to the duty tax Ivan Saraev, they let him in voluntarily. And Vasily Papin drove to the city, and Iz waited in the city of Khіov for two weeks for the ambassador of the Tatar Shirvashin Asambeg, and he rode from the krechat from the Grand Duke Ivan, and he had ninety krechatov. And I went with him to the bottom of the Volga. And I am Kazan, and the Horde, and Uslan, and Sarai, and Verekezans passed me voluntarily. And we drove into the Vuzan river.
And then three filthy Tatars ran over us and told us false news: Kaisym Soltan guards the guests in Buzan, and with him three thousand Totars. And the ambassador Shirvashin Asanbeg gave them one row and one linen to lead them past Aztarkhan. And they took one by one, and gave the message to the king in Khaztorokhani. And the yaz left his ship and climbed on the ship for a word and with comrades. Aztarkhan by the month of the night by sail, the king saw us and the Tatars called to us: “Kachma, don’t run!” And the king sent his whole horde after us. And because of our sin, they overtook us on Bugun, they shot a man from us, and we shot two of them; and our smaller ship was on the move, and they took it an hour and plundered it, and my junk is all in the smaller ship. And we reached the sea with a larger ship, sometimes it became aground at the mouth of the Volga, and they immediately took us, but the ship was pulled back to the ride. And then they took our larger ship, and the Russians took 4 heads, and they let us go bare-headed across the sea, and they didn’t let the news go upstairs. And I went to Derbenti two courts: in one ship, Ambassador Asambeg, and theses, and Russians with 10 heads of us; and in another vessel 6 Muscovite and 6 Tver.
And the furstovina stood up on the sea, and the smaller ship crashed on the shore, and the kaitaks came and caught everyone. And I came to Derbent. And that Vasily came to say hello, and we were robbed. And I beat Vasily Papin and Ambassador Shirvanshin Asanbeg with my forehead, that I came with him to grieve about the people that they were caught under Tarhy kaytaki. And Osanbeg was sad and went up the mountain to Bultabeg. And Bulatbeg soon sent yes to the Shirvanshbeg: that the Russian ship was wrecked near Tarkhi, and the kaitaks came and caught people, and plundered their goods. And the Shirvanshabeg of that hour sent an ambassador to his brother-in-law, Alilbeg, the Kaitak prince, that my ship was wrecked near Tarkha, and your people came, caught people, and robbed their goods; and you would have sent me people to me and collected their goods, before those people were sent in my name; but what would you need from me, and you came to me, and I’m not standing up for you, my brother, and you would have let them go voluntarily for me. And Alilbeg of that hour sent all the people to Derbent voluntarily, and from Derbent they sent them to the shirvanshi to his koitul. And we went to the shirvanshe in and koitul and beat him with our foreheads so that we would be welcome, than to reach Russia. And he did not give us anything, but there are many of us. And we cried and parted in some places: whoever has something in Russia, and he went to Russia; and some should, and he went where his eyes took him, while others remained in Shamakhi, and others went to work for Bak.
In the summer of 6983 <...>. In the same year, he acquired the writing of Ofonas, a tveritin merchant who had been in Ynde for 4 years, and he went, he says, with Vasily Papin. As for the experiments, if Vasily went with the Krechat as an ambassador from the Grand Duke, and they said that a year before the Kazan campaign he came from the Horde, if Prince Yuria was near Kazan, then he was shot near Kazan. But it’s not written, I didn’t find it, in some summer I went or in some summer I came from Yndya, died, but they say that, dey, Smolensk did not reach, died. And he wrote that scripture with his own hand, and even his hands those notebooks were brought by guests to Mamyrev Vasily, to the diyak to the Grand Duke in Moscow.
In the year 6983 (1475)(...). In the same year he received the notes of Athanasius, a merchant of Tver, he had been in India for four years, and he writes that he set off on a journey with Vasily Papin. I asked when Vasily Papin was sent with the gyrfalcons as an ambassador from the Grand Duke, and they told me that a year before the Kazan campaign he returned from the Horde, and died near Kazan, shot with an arrow, when Prince Yuri went to Kazan. I did not find in the records in what year Athanasius went or in what year he returned from India and died, but they say that he died before reaching Smolensk. And he wrote notes with his own hand, and those notebooks with his notes were brought by merchants to Moscow to Vasily Mamyrev, the deacon of the Grand Duke.
For the prayer of the holy fathersLord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, the servant of your sinful Afonas Mikitin son.
For the prayer of our holy fathers, Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, the servant of your sinful son Athanasius Nikitin.
Behold, I wrote my sinful journey beyond the three seas: the 1st sea of Derbenskoe, Doria Praises bskaa; 2nd Indian Sea, Gundustanskaa doria, 3rd Black Sea, Stebolskaya doria.
I wrote down here about my sinful journey beyond three seas: the first sea is Derbent, Daria Khvalisskaya, the second sea is Indian, Daria Gundustanskaya, the third sea is Black, Daria Istanbulskaya.
Departed from the Savior of the Holy Golden-domed and by his mercy, from his sovereign from the Grand Duke Mikhail Borisovich Tverskoy, and from Bishop Gennady Tverskoy, and Boris Zakharyich.
I went from the Savior of the Holy Golden-domed with his grace, from my sovereign, Grand Duke Mikhail Borisovich of Tverskoy, from Vladyka Gennady of Tverskoy, and from Boris Zakharyich.
And poidoh down the Volga. And he came to the Kolyazin Monastery to the Holy Trinity of Life and to the Holy Martyrs Boris and Gleb. And he blessed the hegumen with Macarius and the holy brethren. And from Kolyazin I went to Uglech, and from Uglech they let me go voluntarily. And from there I left, from Uglech, and I came to Kostroma to Prince Alexander with another letter of the Grand Duke. And he let me go willingly. And come to Pleso voluntarily.
I swam down the Volga. And he came to the Kalyazinsky Monastery to the Holy Trinity of the Life-Giving and the Holy Martyrs Boris and Gleb. And he received a blessing from hegumen Macarius and the holy brethren. From Kalyagin I sailed to Uglich, and from Uglich they let me go without any obstacles. And, having sailed from Uglich, he arrived in Kostroma and came to Prince Alexander with another diploma from the Grand Duke. And he let me go without a hitch. And he came to Ples without obstacles.
And I came to Novgorod in Nizhny Novgorod to Mikhailo x Kiselev, to the viceroy, and to the duty officer to Yvan to Saraev, and they let me go voluntarily. And Vasily Papin drove past the city for two weeks, and Iz waited in Novgorod in Nizhny for two weeks for the ambassador of the Tatar Shirvanshin Asanbeg, and he rode from the gyrfalcon from the Grand Duke Ivan, and he has ninety gyrfalcons.
And I came to Nizhny Novgorod to Mikhail Kiselev, the governor, and to the messenger Ivan Saraev, and they let me go without obstacles. And Vasily Papin, however, had already passed the city, and I was waiting for Hasan-bek, the ambassador of the Tatar Shirvanshah, in Nizhny Novgorod for two weeks. And he rode with gyrfalcons from Grand Duke Ivan, and he had ninety gyrfalcons.
And thou camet with them to the bottom of the Volga. And we passed Kazan voluntarily, did not see anyone, and we passed the Horde, and Uslan, and Saray, and Berekezany I have passed. And I drove into Buzan. Then three filthy Tatars ran into us and told us false news: "Kaisym Saltan guards the guests in Buzan, and with him three thousand Tatars." And the ambassador of the Shirvanshin Asanbeg gave them a single coat and a linen to take them past Haztarakhan. And they, the filthy Tatars, took one by one, and gave the news to the king in Khaztarakhan. And the yaz left his ship and climbed onto the ship on a mission and with his comrades.
I swam with them down the Volga. Kazan passed without obstacles, did not see anyone, and the Horde, and Uslan, and Sarai, and Berekezan sailed and entered Buzan. And then three infidel Tatars met us and gave us false news: “Sultan Kasim is in wait for merchants in Buzan, and with him three thousand Tatars.” The ambassador of the Shirvanshah, Hasan-bek, gave them a single-row caftan and a piece of linen to take us past Astrakhan. And they, the unfaithful Tatars, took one by one, and sent the message to the tsar in Astrakhan. And I left my ship with my comrades, went to the embassy ship.
We went past Khaztarakhan, and the moon was shining, and the tsar saw us, and the Tatars called to us: “Kachma, don’t run!” And we didn’t hear anything, but we ran like a sail. Because of our sin, the king sent his entire horde after us. Ini overtook us on Bogun and taught us to shoot. And we shot a man, and they shot two Tatars. And our ship lesser it got to the point, and they took us and plundered us at that hour, and mine was small junk all in a smaller ship.
We sail past Astrakhan, and the moon is shining, and the tsar saw us, and the Tatars shouted to us: "Kachma - don't run!" But we didn’t hear anything about it and we’re running under sail. For our sins, the king sent all his people after us. They overtook us on Bohun and started shooting at us. We shot a man, and we shot two of their Tatars. And our smaller ship got stuck near Eza, and they immediately took it and plundered it, and all my luggage was on that ship.
And in a big ship we reached the sea, sometimes it became aground at the mouth of the Volga, and they immediately took us, but they ordered the ship to pull back up beforeѣzu. And here is our ship more the Russians took four heads, but they let us go across the sea with our bare heads, but they didn’t let the news of the deed go up.
We reached the sea on a large ship, but it became aground at the mouth of the Volga, and then they overtook us and ordered the ship to be pulled up the river to the eza. And our big ship was robbed here and four Russians were taken prisoner, and we were released with our bare heads across the sea, and they didn’t let us go back, up the river, so that they wouldn’t give us news.
And I went to Derbent, weeping, two courts: in one ship, Ambassador Asanbeg, yes theses, and ten heads of Russians; and in another vessel 6 Muscovites, and six Tverich, and cows, and feed ours. And the furtovina stood up on the sea, but the smaller ship was smashed against the shore. And there is the town of Tarkhi, and people went ashore, and kaitaks came and people caught everyone.
And we went, weeping, on two ships to Derbent: in one ship, Ambassador Hasan-bek, and theses, and we, Russians, ten people; and in another ship - six Muscovites, and six Tverites, and cows, and our food. And a storm arose on the sea, and the smaller ship broke on the shore. And here stands the town of Tarki, and people came ashore, but kaitaks came and took everyone prisoner.
And I came to Derbent, and that Vasily came to say goodbye, and we plundered. AND bill esmi brow Vasily Papin and Ambassador Shirvanshin Asanbeg, what am I with nim came to grieve over the people that they were caught under Tarhi kaytaki. And Asanbeg was sad and went up the mountain to Bulatubeg. And Bulatbeg sent a runner to shirevan Shibeg that: “Lord, the Russian ship broke near Tarkhi, and the kaitaks, having come, caught the people, and plundered their goods.”
And we came to Derbent, and Vasily arrived there safely, and we were robbed. And I hit Vasily Papin and the ambassador of the Shirvanshah Hassan-bek, with whom we came with, with my brow, so that I would take care of the people whom the kaitaks had captured near Tarki. And Hassan-bek went to the mountain to ask Bulat-bek. And Bulat-bek sent a messenger to the Shirvanshah to convey: “Sir! The Russian ship crashed near Tarki, and the kaitaks, having arrived, took people prisoner, and plundered their goods.
And the Shirvanshabeg of the same hour sent an envoy to his brother-in-law Alil-beg, the prince of Kaitachev, that: my it broke under Tarhi, and your people, having come, caught people, and plundered their goods; and you, in order to divide me, send people to me and collect their goods, then those people are sent in my name. And what will you need with me, and you came to me, and I do not harrow you, your brother. And those people went to my name, and you would let them go to me voluntarily, sharing me. And Alilbeg of that hour people sent everyone to Derbent voluntarily, and from Derbent they sent them to the Shirvanshi in his yard, koitul.
And the Shirvanshah immediately sent an envoy to his brother-in-law, the prince of the Kaitaks Khalil-bek: “My ship crashed near Tarki, and your people, having come, captured people from it, and plundered their goods; and you, for my sake, people came to me and collect their goods, because those people were sent to me. And what will you need from me, and you send to me, and I will not contradict you, my brother, in anything. And those people came to me, and you, for my sake, let them go to me without obstacles. And Khalil-bek released all the people to Derbent immediately without obstacles, and from Derbent they sent them to the Shirvanshah to his headquarters - koitul.
And we went to the shirvanshe in and koitul and beat me with his forehead, so that he would welcome us, than to reach Russia. And he did not give us anything, but there are many of us. And we, crying, went off in some places: whoever has something in Russia, and he went to Russia; and who should, and he went where his eyes carried. And others remained in Shamakhi, while others went to work to Bak.
We went to the Shirvanshah at his headquarters and beat him with our foreheads so that he would grant us, than to reach Russia. And he did not give us anything: they say, there are many of us. And we parted, crying, who went where: whoever had what was left in Russia, he went to Russia, and whoever had to, he went wherever his eyes looked. Others remained in Shamakhi, while others went to work in Baku.
And the yaz went to Derbent, and from Derbent to Baki, where the fire burns unquenchable, and from Baki you went across the sea to Chebokar.
And I went to Derbent, and from Derbent to Baku, where the fire burns unquenchable; and from Baku he went across the sea to Chapakur.
Yes, here I lived in Chebokar for 6 months, but in Sara I lived for a month, in the Mazdran land. And from there to Amily, and here I lived for a month. And from there to Dimovant, and from Dimovant to Ray. And that one was killed by Shausen, the Alei children and the grandchildren of the Makhmetevs, and he cursed them, otherwise 70 cities fell apart.
And I lived in Chapakur for six months, and lived in Sari for a month, in the Mazandaran land. And from there he went to Amol and lived there for a month. And from there he went to Demavend, and from Demavend to Ray. Here they killed Shah Hussein, from the children of Ali, the grandchildren of Muhammad, and the curse of Muhammad fell on the murderers - seventy cities were destroyed.
And from Drya to Kashen, and here I was a month, and from Kashen to Nain, and from Nain to Ezdi, and here I lived for a month. And from Dies to Syrchan, and from Syrchan to Tarom, and funiki to feed the animal, batman for 4 altyns. And from Torom to Lara, and from Lara to Bender, and here there is a refuge of Gurmyz. And here there is the Indian Sea, and in the parsian language and Hondustan doria; and from there go by sea to Gurmyz 4 miles.
From Ray I went to Kashan and lived there for a month, and from Katan to Nain, and from Nain to Yazd and lived there for a month. And from Yazd I went to Sirjan, and from Sirjan to Tarom, livestock here are fed with dates, batman sells dates for four altyns. And from Tarom I went to Lar, and from Lar to Bender - then the Hormuz pier. And then the Indian Sea, in Persian Daria Gundustanskaya; to Ormuz-grad from here four miles to go.
And there is Gurmyz on the island, and every day you catch the sea twice a day. And then Esmi took the first Great Day, and You came to Gurmyz four weeks before the Great Day. And then I didn’t write all the cities, many great cities. And in Gurmyz there is a hot sun, it will burn a person. And in Gurmyz there was a month, and from Gurmyz you went across the Indian Sea along Velitsa days to Radunitsa, to tava with conmi.
But Hormuz is on an island, and the sea comes on it twice every day. Here I spent my first Pascha, and came to Ormuz four weeks before Pascha. And therefore I did not name all the cities, that there are many more large cities. Great is the heat of the sun in Hormuz, it will burn a man. I was in Hormuz for a month, and from Hormuz after Easter on the day of the Rainbow I went in a tava with horses across the Indian Sea.
And I went by sea to Moshkat 10 days; and from Moshkat to Degu 4 days; and from Dega to Kuzryat; and from Kuzryat Konbaatu. And then paint and lek will give birth. And from Conbat to Cheuville, and from Cheuville I am went in the 7th week according to Velitsa days, and we went to Tava 6 weeks by sea to Chivil.
And we went by sea to Muscat for ten days, and from Muscat to Degas four days, and from Degas to Gujarat, and from Gujarat to Cambay. Here paint and varnish will be born. From Cambey they sailed to Chaul, and from Chaul they left in the seventh week after Easter, and six weeks went by sea in tava to Chaul.
And here is the Indian country, and people walk around all naked, but their heads are not covered, and their breasts are bare, and their hair is braided in one braid, and everyone walks around with their belly, and children are born every year, and they have many children. And the peasants and women are all naked, and all are black. Wherever I go, sometimes there are many people behind me, but they marvel at the white man. And their prince is a photo on his head, and another on his tail; and the boyars have a photo on the splash, and a friend on the goose, the princesses go around, the photo on the splash is rounded, and the friend is on the goose. And the servants of the princes and boyars - the photo on the tail is rounded, and the shield, and the sword in their hands, and some with sulits, and others with knives, and others with sabers, and others with bows and arrows; and all are naked, and barefoot, and balkata, but they do not shave their hair. And zhonki go head is not covered, and the nipples are bare; and couples and girls go naked up to seven years, not covered with rubbish.
And here is the Indian country, and people walk around naked, but their heads are not covered, and their breasts are bare, and their hair is braided in one braid, everyone walks around with belly fat, and children are born every year, and they have many children. Both men and women are all naked and all black. Wherever I go, there are many people behind me - they marvel at the white man. The local prince has a veil on his head, and the other on his hips, and the local boyars have a veil over his shoulder, and another on his hips, and the princesses go around with a veil thrown over their shoulders, another veil on their hips. And the servants of princes and boyars have one veil wrapped around their hips, and a shield, and a sword in their hands, some with darts, others with daggers, and others with sabers, and others with bows and arrows; Yes, they are all naked, yes barefoot, but strong, but they don’t shave their hair. And the women go around - their heads are not covered, and their breasts are bare, while boys and girls go naked until they are seven years old, their shame is not covered.
And I went dry from Chuvil to Pali for 8 days, to Indian mountains. And from Pali to Die 10 days, and that is an Indian city. And from Die to Chuner 7 days.
From Chaul they went on land, they went to Pali for eight days, to the Indian mountains. And ten days went from Pali to Die, then an Indian city. And from Die seven days' journey to Junnar.
There is Asatkhan Chyunerskaya Indian, and the serf is Meliktucharov. And keeps say, seven topics from meliktochar. And meliktuchar sits on 20 tmah; and he fights with the kafara for 20 years, then they beat him, then he beats them many times. Khan As, on the other hand, rides on people. And he has a lot of elephants, and he has a lot of good horses, and he has a lot of Khorosans people. And they bring them from the Khorosan lands, and others from the Orap land, and others from the Turkmen lands, and others from the Chebotai lands, and they bring everything by sea in tavs - Indian ships.
An Indian khan rules here - Asad Khan of the Junnar, and he serves melik-at-tujar. Troops were given to him from melik-at-tujar, they say, seventy thousand. And the melik-at-tujar has two hundred thousand troops under his command, and he has been fighting with the Kafars for twenty years: and they defeated him more than once, and he defeated them many times. Asad Khan rides in public. And he has a lot of elephants, and he has a lot of good horses, and he has a lot of warriors, Khorasans. And horses are brought from the Khorasan land, others from the Arab land, others from the Turkmen land, others from the Chagotai land, and they are all brought by sea in tavs - Indian ships.
And the sinful yaz brought the stallion to the Yndeyskaya land, and you came to Chuner: God gave everything to health, and became me a hundred rubles. Winter has become with them since Trinity Day. And we wintered in Chuner, we lived for two months. Every day and night for 4 months everywhere there is water and mud. On the same days, they yell and sow wheat, and tuturgan, and leg, and everything that is eaten. Their wine is repaired in great nuts - Gundustan goats; and braga is repaired in tatna. The horses are fed with nofut, and they cook kichiris with sugar, and they feed the horses, but with butter, but they give them wounds. In the Yndian land, they will not give birth to horses, oxen and buffaloes will be born in their land, goods are also driven on the same ones, other they carry, they do everything.
And I, a sinner, brought the stallion to the Indian land, and went with him to Junnar, with God's help, healthy, and he became me a hundred rubles. Their winter began on Trinity Day. I wintered in Junnar, lived here for two months. Every day and night - for four whole months - everywhere there is water and mud. These days they plow with them and sow wheat, and rice, and peas, and everything edible. Their wine is made from large nuts, the Gundustan goats are called, and the mash is made from tatna. Horses are fed here with peas, and khichri is boiled with sugar and butter, they are fed to horses, and in the morning they give sheshni. Horses are not found in the Indian land, bulls and buffaloes are born in their land - they ride and carry goods and other things, they do everything.
Chunerey, on the other hand, there is a city on a stone island, not dressed in anything, created by God. And they go up the mountain day by one person: the road is narrow, and two people cannot drink.
Dzhunnar-grad stands on a stone rock, not fortified by anything, protected by God. And the paths to that mountain go by one person at a time: the road is narrow, two cannot pass.
In the Yndeyskaya land, guests are placed in the farmstead, and the dishes are cooked for the guests of the sovereign, and the bed is made for the guests of the sovereign, and they sleep with the guests. Sikish orresen strangler of Beresin, Sikish or mes ekk resident of Bersen, dostur avrat chektur, and sikish mufut; but they love white people.
In Indian land, merchants are settled in farmsteads. The hostesses cook for the guests, and the hostesses make the bed, and sleep with the guests. If you have a close connection with her, give two residents, if you do not have a close connection, give one inhabitant. There are many wives here according to the rule of temporary marriage, and then a close connection for nothing; they love white people.
In winter, they walk people photo on the tail, and the other on the shoulder, and the third on the head; and the princes and boyars of the Tolds ride on themselves trousers, yes a shirt, yes a caftan, yes a photo on the shoulder, yes it will gird the other, and dodge the third head. And se olo, olo abr, olo ak, ollo kerem, ollo ragim!
In winter, ordinary people walk around with them - a veil on their hips, another on their shoulders, and a third on their heads; and princes and boyars then put on ports, and a shirt, and a caftan, and a veil on their shoulders, they will gird themselves with another veil, and wrap their head with a third veil. O God, great God, true Lord, magnanimous God, merciful God!
And in that one in Chuner, the khan took a stallion from me, and found out that I was not a Besermenian - a Rusyn. And he says: “I will give a stallion and a thousand golden ladies, and stand in our faith - in Makhmet Deni; but you will not stand in our faith, on Mahmat Day, and I will take a stallion and take a thousand pieces of gold on your head. And the deadline was for four days, in Osporzhino shit on Spasov's day. And the Lord God had mercy on his honest holiday, did not leave his mercy from me, a sinner, and did not order me to die in Chuner with the wicked. And on the eve of the Spasov days, the host Makhmet of a good man arrived, and beat him with his forehead so that he would grieve about me. And he went to the khan in the city and asked me to leave, so that they would not put me in the faith, and he took my stallion from him. Such is the ospodarevo miracle on Spasov's day. Ino, brethren of the Russian Christian, who wants to drink in the Yndean land, and you leave your faith in Russia, but exclaiming Makhmet and drink in the Gundustan land.
And in that Junnar, the khan took away my stallion when he found out that I was not a Besermenian, but a Rusyn. And he said: “And I will return the stallion, and a thousand golden ladies in addition, just go over to our faith - to Muhammadini. But if you don’t convert to our faith, to Muhammeddin, I’ll take a stallion, and I’ll take a thousand gold pieces from your head.” And he appointed a deadline - four days, on the Day of the Savior, on the Assumption post. Yes, the Lord God took pity on his honest holiday, did not leave me, a sinner, with his mercy, did not let me die in Junnar among the infidels. On the eve of Spasov Day, the treasurer Mohammed, a Khorasanian, arrived, and I beat him with my forehead so that he would fuss for me. And he went to the city to Asad Khan and asked for me so that they would not convert me to their faith, and he took my stallion back from the Khan. Such is the Lord's miracle on Spasov's day. And so, brothers Russian Christians, whoever wants to go to the Indian land - leave your faith in Russia, yes, having called on Muhammad, go to the Gundustan land.
The Besermen dogs lied to me, but they only said a lot of our goods, but there is nothing on our land: all the goods are white on the Besermen land, pepper and paint, then it’s cheap. Ino carry achei by sea, ini do not give duties. And other people will not let us carry out duties. And there are many duties, and there are many robbers on the sea. And all the Kafars break, neither the peasants, nor the besermen; but they pray with a stone blockhead, but they don’t know Christ, they don’t know Mahmet.
The Besermen dogs lied to me, they said that there is a lot of our goods, but there is nothing for our land: all the goods are white for the Besermen land, pepper and paint, then cheap. Those who carry oxen across the sea do not pay those duties. And we will not be allowed to transport goods without duty. And there are many duties, and there are many robbers on the sea. Kafars are robbing, they are not Christians and they are not bezermen: they pray to stone blockheads and they don’t know either Christ or Muhammad.
And I went out to Chunerya on Osporzhin day to Beder, to their big city. And I went for a month to Hiper; and from Beder to Kulonker 5 days; and from Kulonger to Kolberg 5 days. Between those great cities are many cities; for every day three cities, and sometimes four cities; kolko kovov, only hailstones. From Chuvil to Chuner 20 kov, and from Chuner to Beder 40 kov, and from Beder to Kulonger 9 kov, and from Beder to Koluberg 9 kovs.
And from Dzhunnar they went to Uspenye and went to Bidar, their main city. It took a month to Bidar, five days from Bidar to Kulongiri, and five days from Kulongiri to Gulbarga. Between these large cities there are many other cities, every day three cities passed, and another day four cities: as many kovs - so many cities. From Chaul to Junnar there are twenty kovs, and from Junnar to Bidar forty kovs, from Bidar to Kulongiri nine kovs, and from Bidar to Gulbarga nine kovs.
In Bedera, however, bargaining for horses, for goods, and for damask, and for silk, for all other goods, and buy in it people black; while others do not buy in it. Yes, all their goods are from Gundustan, and all edible vegetables, but there are no goods for the Russian land. And all the black people, and all the villains, and the women are all whores, yes and, yes, tati, yes lies, yes potion, having won, they pour with potion.
In Bidar, they sell horses, damask, silk and all other goods, as well as black slaves, but there is no other goods here. The goods are all from Gundustan, and from the edible only vegetables, and there is no goods for the Russian land. And here people are all black., All villains, and the wives are all walking, yes sorcerers, yes tatis, yes deceit, yes poison, poison the gentlemen.
All Horosans reign in the Yndeysky land, and all the boyars are Horosans. And the Gundustans are all pedestrians, but the Khorosans walk in front of them on horseback, and others are all on foot, they walk greyhounds, and all are naked and barefoot, with a shield in their hands, and in another sword, and others with a great bow with straight arrows and arrows. And fight them all elephants. Yes, they let the footmen go ahead, and the Khorosans on horseback and in armor, and the horses themselves. And to the elephant they bind to the snout and to the tooth great swords forged according to the centar, and they will wrap them in damask armor, and towns are made on them, and in the towns there are 12 people in armor, and all with cannons and arrows.
In the Indian land, all the Khorasanians reign, and the boyars are all Khorasanians. And the Gundustans are all on foot and walk in front of the Khorasans who are on horseback; and the rest are all on foot, walk quickly, all naked and barefoot, in one hand a shield, in the other a sword, and others with large straight bows and arrows. The battle is being fought more and more on elephants. Foot soldiers go ahead, behind them are the Khorasans in armor on horses, in armor themselves and horses. Large forged swords are tied to the head and tusks of elephants, weighing a centar, and the elephants are dressed in damask armor, and turrets are made on the elephants, and in those turrets there are twelve people in armor, all with cannons, but with arrows.
They have one place, Shihb Aludin Pir Yatyr Bazar Alyadinand. For a year there is only one bazaar, the whole country of Indian trade gathers, and they trade for 10 days; from Beder 12 kov. Horses are brought in, up to 20 thousand horses are sold, all goods are brought. In the Gundustan land, your bargaining is the best, every product is sold and bought in memory of Shikha Aladin, and in Russian on the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God. There is a gukuk bird in that Alanda, it flies at night, and calls: “kuk-kuk”, and on which the horomine sits, then a person will die; and whoever wants to kill her, otherwise fire will come out of her mouth. And mamons walk around at night, and have chickens, but live in a mountain or in a stone. And the monkeys, then they live in the forest. And they have a monkey prince, let him walk with his army. Yes, who cares, and they favor their prince, and he sends his army to that, and they, having come to the city, ruin the yards and beat people. And their rati, they say, are many, and they have their own language. And many children will be born; Yes, which will be born neither in the father nor in the mother, and they rush along the roads. Some people from Gundustani have them and teach them all kinds of handicrafts, while others are sold at night so that they don’t know how to run back, and others are taught mikanet bases.
There is one place here - aland, where Sheikh Alaeddin, the saint, lies and the fair. Once a year, the whole Indian country comes to trade at that fair, they trade here for ten days; from Bidar twelve kovs. Horses are brought here - up to twenty thousand horses - to sell, but they bring all kinds of goods. This fair is the best in the Gundustan land, every product is sold and bought on the days of the memory of Sheikh Alaeddin, and in our opinion on the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God. And there is also a gukuk bird in that Aland, it flies at night, shouting: “kuk-kuk”; and on whose house she sits, a person will die there, and whoever wants to kill her, she fires fire from her mouth at that one. Mamons go at night and grab chickens, and they live on the hills or among the rocks. And the monkeys live in the forest. They have a monkey prince, he walks with his army. If someone offends the monkeys, they complain to their prince, and he sends his army to the offender, and when they come to the city, they destroy houses and kill people. And the monkey army, they say, is very large, and they have their own language. Many cubs will be born to them, and if one of them is born to either mother or father, they are abandoned on the roads. Other Gundustans pick them up and teach them all sorts of crafts; and if they sell, then at night, so that they cannot find their way back, and others are taught amuse people.
Spring has become with them cover holy Mother of God. And celebrate Shiga Aladina, spring is two weeks along the Intercession, and they celebrate 8 days. And spring lasts 3 months, and summer 3 months, and winter 3 months, and autumn 3 months.
Their spring began with the Protection of the Holy Mother of God. And they celebrate the memory of Sheikh Alaeddin and the beginning of spring two weeks after the Intercession; The holiday lasts eight days. And they have three months of spring, and three months of summer, and three months of winter, and three months of autumn.
In Bederi their table is for Gundustan of Besermen. And the city is great, and there are many people. And the saltan is small - 20 years old, but the boyars keep it, and the Khorosans rule, and all the Khorosans fight.
Bidar is the capital city of Gundustan of Besermen. The city is big and there are a lot of people in it. The Sultan is young, twenty years old - the boyars rule, and the Khorasans reign and all the Khorasans fight.
There is a Khorosan meliktuchar boyar, otherwise he has two hundred thousand of his own army, and Melikhan has 100 thousand, and Faratkhan has 20 thousand, and there are many khanoz of 10 thousand rati. And with the Saltan, three hundred thousand of their armies come out.
The boyar-Khorasan, melik-at-tujar, lives here, so he has two hundred thousand of his rati, and Melik Khan has a hundred thousand, and Farat Khan has twenty thousand, and many khans have ten thousand troops. And three hundred thousand of his troops go out with the Sultan.
And the earth is full of people, and the rural people are naked velmy, and the boyars are strong and magnificent velmy. And all of them are carried on their beds on silver ones, and horses are led in front of them in tackle gold up to 20; and there are 300 people on horseback behind them, and five hundred people on foot, and 10 trumpeters, yes nagarnikov 10 people, and 10 people.
The land is populous, and the rural people are very poor, while the boyars have great power and are very rich. The boyars are carried on silver stretchers, they lead the horses in gold harness in front, they lead up to twenty horses, and behind them are three hundred horsemen, and five hundred foot soldiers, and ten trumpeters, and ten people with drums, and ten dudars.
Saltan, on the other hand, leaves for fun with his mother and his wife, sometimes with him there are 10 thousand people on horseback, and fifty thousand on foot, and two hundred elephants are led out, dressed in gilded armor, and in front of him there are a hundred trumpeters, and a hundred people dancing, and simple horses 300 in tackle there are a hundred golden ones, and a hundred monkeys behind him, and a hundred whores, and all are gaurok.
And when the sultan goes for a walk with his mother and his wife, then ten thousand horsemen follow him and fifty thousand on foot, and two hundred elephants are led out, and all in gilded armor, and in front of him are a hundred trumpeters, and a hundred dancers, let them lead three hundred riding horses in a golden harness, and a hundred monkeys, and a hundred concubines, they are called gauryks.
In Saltanov's courtyard there are seven gates, and in the gate sits a hundred watchmen and a hundred kafar scribes. Whoever goes in is recorded, and whoever comes out is recorded. And garipov are not allowed into the city. And his court is wonderfully velmy, everything is cut and in gold, and the last stone is carved and described in gold velmi chutsno. Yes, in his yard there are different courts.
Seven gates lead to the Sultan's palace, and one hundred guards and one hundred Kafar scribes sit in the gate. Some write down who goes to the palace, others who goes out. Foreigners are not allowed into the palace. And the Sultan's palace is very beautiful, the walls are carved and gold, the last stone is very beautifully painted in carving and gold. Yes, in the palace of the Sultan, the vessels are different.
The city hips in the night they guard a thousand people of kutovalov, and they ride horses in armor, and everyone has a candle.
At night, the city of Bidar is guarded by a thousand guards under the command of a kuttawala, on horseback and in armor, and each has a torch in their hands.
And he sold his stallion in Bederi. Yes, I gave him sixty and eight futuns, and fed him for a year. In Bederi, snakes walk the streets, and its length is two fathoms. I came to Beder about the conspiracy about Filipov and Kulonger, and I sold my stallion about Christmas.
I sold my stallion in Bidar. I spent sixty-eight futuns on him, fed him for a year. In Bidar, snakes crawl along the streets, two fathoms long. I returned to Bidar from Kulongiri to Filippov Post, and sold my stallion for Christmas.
And here I would go to the Great Convent in Bederi and get to know many Indians. And I told them my faith that I am not a besermen and poisoning, and I am a Christian, but my name is Ofonasei, but the besermen name of the host Isuf Horosani. And they didn’t learn from me to hide anything, neither about food, nor about trade, nor about manaz, nor about other things, nor did they teach their zhon to hide.
And I lived here, in Bidar, until Lent and met many Hindus. He revealed his faith to them, said that I was not a besermenin, but faith of jesus Christian, and my name is Athanasius, and the Besermen name is Khoja Yusuf Khorasani. And the Hindus did not hide anything from me, neither about their food, nor about trade, nor about prayers, nor about other things, and they did not hide their wives in the house.
Yes, everything is about faith about their trials, and they say: we believe in Adam, but the butes, it seems, that is, Adam and his whole family. A ver in India, all 80 and 4 faiths, and everyone believes in buta. And faith with faith neither drink, eat, or marry. And some boranina, yes chickens, yes fish, yes eggs, but no faith can eat oxen.
I asked them about faith, and they told me: we believe in Adam, and the butes, they say, are Adam and all his family. And all the faiths in India are eighty and four faiths, and all believe in buta. And people of different faiths do not drink with each other, do not eat, do not marry. Some of them eat mutton, and chickens, and fish, and eggs, but no one eats beef.
In Bederi, there were 4 months and they lit up from the Indians to drink to Pervot, then their Jerusalem, and on the Besermensky Myagkat, G de their buthana. There he died from the Indians, let them be Khans for a month. And I've been trading at the butkhana for 5 days. But the butkhana of velmi is great, half of Tver, stone, but the deeds of the butovy are cut on it. Around her, all 12 crowns were cut, how they worked miracles, how they showed many images to them: first, he appeared in a human way; another, man, but the nose of elephants; third, a man, and a vision of an ape; fourthly, a man, but in the image of a fierce beast, but being him all s tail. And it is carved on stones, and the tail through it is fathoms.
I stayed in Bidar for four months and agreed with the Hindus to go to Parvat, where they have a butkhana - that is their Jerusalem, the same as Mecca for the besermen. I walked with the Indians to Butkhana for a month. And that butkhana has a fair that lasts five days. Great butkhana, half of Tver, made of stone, but the deeds of buta are carved in stone. Twelve crowns are carved around the butkhana - how the butt performed miracles, how it appeared in different images: the first - in the form of a man, the second - a man, but with an elephant trunk, the third - a man, and the face of a monkey, the fourth - half a man, half a fierce beast, was all with a tail. And it is carved on a stone, and the tail is about a fathom, thrown over it.
The whole country of India comes to the butkhan for the miracle of butovo. Yes, old and young, women and girls shave at the butkhan. And they shave all their hair, and beards, and heads, and tails. Let them go to the butkhan. Yes, from every head they take two sheshkeni duties on buta, and from horses four feet. And the quick azar lek vah bashet sat azar lek comes to the butkhan of all people.
The whole country of India comes to that buthana for the festival of buta. Yes, old and young, women and girls, shave at the buthana. And they shave off all their hair, and shave their beards and heads. And they go to the booth. From each head they take two sheshkenis for buta, and from horses - four feet. And all the people come to the booth twenty thousand lakhs, and sometimes a hundred thousand lakhs.
And twenty-six viziers came out with the sultan, and with each vizier ten thousand cavalry rati, and twenty thousand foot soldiers, and with another vizier fifteen thousand horsemen and thirty thousand foot soldiers. And there were four great Indian viziers, and with them forty thousand horsemen and one hundred thousand foot soldiers came out. And the sultan was angry with the Hindus that few people went out with them, and they added another twenty thousand on foot, and two thousand horseback, and twenty elephants. Such is the power of the Sultan of India, Besermensky. Muhammad's faith is good. And the growth of the day is badly donot - and God knows the right faith. And the right faith is to know the one God and call on his name in every clean place in purity.
On the fifth Great day, I thought about Russia. Idoh from Beder grad a month before Ulu bagryam besermensky Mamet Denis Rozsulyal. And the Great Day of the peasants I don’t know the Resurrection of Christ, but shit is their shit for besermen, and I broke with them, and Great Day took 10 kovs in Kelbury from Bederi.
On the fifth Easter I decided to go to Russia. I left Bidar a month before the Besermen ulu bayram according to the faith of Muhammad, the messenger of God. And when Easter, the Resurrection of Christ, I don’t know, I fasted with the Bezermen during their fast, I broke the fast with them, and celebrated Easter in Gulbarga, from Bidar in ten koves.
Sultan came yes meliktuchar with his army 15 day along Bagryam Street, but in Kelberg. But the war was not successful for them, one city was taken by the Indian, and many of their people were bent, and the treasury wasted a lot.
The Sultan came to Gulbarga with a melik-at-tujar and with his army on the fifteenth day after ulu bayram. They did not succeed in the war - they took one Indian city, and many people died from them and the treasury spent a lot.
But the Indian Saltan Kadam Velmi is strong, and he has a lot of rati. And he sits in a mountain in Bichinger, and his city is great. There are three ditches around it, and a river flows through it. And from one country his zhengel is evil, and from another country the valley came, and the place is wonderful and pleasing on the all. There is nowhere to go to that country, through the city of the road, and there is nowhere to take the city, the mountain has come great and the wild of evil tiken. Under the city, the army flocked for a month, and people died in the absence of water, and many heads were bent from starvation and lack of water. And he looks at the water, but there is nowhere to take it.
And the Indian Grand Duke is powerful, and he has many ratis. His fortress is on a mountain, and his capital city Vijayanagar is very large. Three ditches near the city, and the river flows through it. On one side of the city there is dense jungle, and on the other side the valley approaches - an amazing place, suitable for everything. That side is not passable - the path through the city goes; the city cannot be taken from any direction: the mountain there is huge and the thicket is evil, prickly. The army stood under the city for a month, and people died of thirst, and a lot of people died of hunger and thirst. They looked at the water, but do not approach it.
And the city took the Indian melikchan host, and took him by force, day and night fought against the city for 20 days, the army neither drank nor ate, stood under the city with cannons. And his rati bent five thousand good people. And he took the city, and hewed out 20 thousand male and female livestock, and took 20 thousand full of the great and small. And they sold the head full of 10 shadows, and another 5 shadows, and the robots have two tenks. And there was nothing in the treasury. But he did not take the big city.
Khoja Melik-at-Tujar took another Indian city, took it by force, fought with the city day and night, for twenty days the army neither drank nor ate, stood under the city with cannons. And his army killed five thousand of the best warriors. And he took the city - they massacred twenty thousand males and females, and twenty thousand - both adults and small ones - were taken prisoner. Prisoners were sold for ten teneks per head, and others for five, and children for two teneks. The treasury was not taken at all. And he did not take the capital city.
And from Kelberg I went to Kuluri. And in Kuluri, an akhik is born, and they make it, they deliver it to the whole world from there. And in the Kuriles, there are three hundred diamond miners sulah mikunT. And the same would be five months, and from there Kaliki died. The same bazar is great. And from there I went to Konaberg, and from Kanaberg I went to Sheikh Aladin. And from Shih Aladin he went to Amendriye, and from Kamendria to Nyaryas, and from Kinaryas to Suri, and from Suri he went to Dabyli - the haven of the Indian Sea.
From Gulbarga I went to Kallur. Carnelian is born in Kallur, and here it is processed, and from here it is transported all over the world. Three hundred diamond makers live in Kallur, weapons decorate. I stayed here for five months and went from there to Koilkonda. There is a very big market there. And from there he went to Gulbarga, and from Gulbarga to Aland. And from Aland he went to Amendriya, and from Amendriya to Naryas, and from Naryas to Suri, and from Suri he went to Dabhol, the pier of the Indian Sea.
Dabil is the city of great Velmi, and besides, Dabyli and the whole coast of India and Ethiopia is gathered. The same accursed servant of Athos, the God of the Most High, the creator of heaven and earth, thought according to the faith of the peasant, and after the baptism of Christ, and according to the shit of the holy fathers arranged, according to the commandments of the apostles, and rushed with the mind to go to Russia. And inhale or to tawa and talk about nalone a ship, and from its head two golden cities to Gurmyz date. I entered the ship from Dabyl grad to Velik for three months of besermen shit.
The big city of Dabhol - people come here from both the Indian and Ethiopian coasts. Here I, the accursed Athanasius, the slave of the Most High God, the creator of heaven and earth, thought about the Christian faith, and about Christ's baptism, about the fasts arranged by the holy fathers, about the commandments of the apostles and rushed to Russia with my thought. He went up to the tava and agreed on the payment of the ship - from his head to Hormuz-city he gave two gold pieces. I sailed on a ship from Dabhol-grad to the Besermen post, three months before Easter.
And I went to Tava by sea for a month, and saw nothing. The next month, they saw the mountains of Ethiopia, the same people all shouted: “Ollo pervodiger, ollo konkar, bazim bashi is wise on the blue of the big mouse,” and in Russian they say: “God, God, God above, the king of heaven, judged us here thou perish!"
I sailed in Tava across the sea for a whole month, not seeing anything. And the next month I saw the mountains of Ethiopia, and all the people cried out: Ollo Pervodiger, Ollo Konykar, Bizim Bashi Mudna Nasin Bolmyshti”, and in Russian it means: “God, Lord, God, God on high, king of heaven, here you judged us to die!”
In the same land of Ethiopia there were five days. By the grace of God, evil did not do it. Having distributed a lot of bryntsu, and pepper, and Ethiopian bread, and do not plunder the ship whether.
We were in that Ethiopian land for five days. By the grace of God, no evil happened. They distributed a lot of rice, and pepper, and bread to the Ethiopians. And they did not rob the ship.
And from there they went 12 days to Moshkat. In Moshkat, the sixth Great day took. And I went to Gurmyz for 9 days, and in Gurmyz for 20 days. From Gurmyz I went to Lari, and there were three days in Lari. From Lari I went to Shiryazi for 12 days, and in Shiryaz for 7 days. And from Shiryaz I went to Verga for 15 days, and to Velergu for 10 days. And from Vergu I went to Ride for 9 days, and to Ride by 8 days. A iz Ride poidoh to Spagani 5 days, and to Spagani 6 days. A is Pagani poidoh Kashini, and in Kashini there were 5 days. And Is Kashina went to Kuma, and Is Kuma went to Sava. And from Sava I went to the Sultan, and from Sultania I went to Terviz, a is Terviza went to the horde of Asanbeg. In the horde there were 10 days, but there is no way to go anywhere. And he sent rati of his court 40 thousand to Tursk. Ini Sevast was taken, and Tokhat was taken and burned, Amasia was taken, and many villages were plundered, but they went to fight against the Karaman.
And from there it was twelve days to Muscat. In Muscat I met the sixth Easter. He sailed nine days to Hormuz, and twenty days in Hormuz. And from Ormuz he went to Lar, and he was in Lar for three days. From Lar to Shiraz it was twelve days, and in Shiraz it was seven days. From Shiraz I went to Eberka, walked for fifteen days, and it was ten days to Eberka. From Eberku to Yazd it went nine days, and in Yazd it was eight days, and from Yazd it went to Isfahan, it went five days, and it was six days in Isfahan. And from Isfahan I went to Kashan, and I stayed in Kashan for five days. And from Kashan he went to Qom, and from Qom to Save. And from Save he went to Soltania, and from Soltania he went to Tabriz, and from Tabriz he went to the headquarters of Uzun Hasan-bek. He was at headquarters for ten days, because there was no way to go anywhere. Uzun Hasan-bek sent forty thousand ratis to the Turkish sultan. They took Sivas. And they took Tokat and burned it, and they took Amasia, but they plundered many villages and went to war against the Karaman ruler.
And the yaz from the horde went to Artsitsan, and from Ortsitsan I went to Trepison.
And from the headquarters of Uzun Hasan-bek I went to Erzinjan, and from Erzinjan I went to Trabzon.
In Trepison, the Holy Mother of God and the everlasting Mary came to the Intercession, and they were in Trabizon for 5 days. And he came to the ship and talked about nalon - to give gold from his head to Kafa; and I took the golden one for grub, and gave it to the Cafe.
In Trabzon, he came to the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God and Ever-Virgin Mary and stayed in Trabzon for five days. I came to the ship and agreed on a payment - to give gold from my head to Kafa, and I borrowed gold for grub - to give it to the Cafe.
And in Trabizon, the same shubash and pasha did a lot of evil. They took all my rubbish to themselves into the city on the mountain, and searched everything - what a good trifle, and looted everything. And they search for letters that you have come from the horde of Asanbeg.
And in that Trabzon, subashis and pashas did me a lot of harm. Everyone ordered my goods to be brought to their fortress, up the mountain, but they searched everything. And what was the little things good - they robbed everything. And they were looking for letters, because I was coming from the headquarters of Uzun Hasan-bek.
By God's mercy I came to the third sea Chernago, and in Parsi language Doria Stimbolskaa. And I went by the sea in the wind for 10 days, reached Vonada, and that we were met by the great midnight wind, bring us back to Trabizon, and we stood in Platan for 15 days, the wind was great and evil. Is Plane trees went to the sea twice, and An evil wind meets us, will not let us walk on the sea. Ollo ak, ollo bad pervodiger! I don't know the development of that other God.
By the grace of God, I reached the third sea - the Black Sea, which in Persian is Daria Stambulskaya. With a fair wind, we traveled by sea for ten days and reached Bona, and then a strong north wind met us and drove the ship back to Trabzon. Because of the strong, contrary wind, we stood for fifteen days in Platana. From Platana we went out to sea twice, but the wind blew towards us, angry, did not allow us to go by sea. True God, Protector God! Besides him, I don't know any other God.
And the sea is gone, d and bring us sis to Balikaei, and from there to Tokorzov, and that I stood for 5 days. By the grace of God, I came to Kafu 9 days before the Filipov conspiracy. Ollo pioneer!
We crossed the sea, but brought us to Balaklava, and from there we went to Gurzuf, and we stood there for five days. By the grace of God I came to Kafa nine days before Philippov's fast. God is the creator!
By the grace of God, the three seas passed. Diger badly dono, ollo pervodiger given. Amen! Smilna rahmam ragim. Ollo akbir, akshi bad, ilello aksh hodo. Isa ruhoalo, aaliksolom. Ollo akber. And ilyagaila ilello. Ollo is a pioneer. Ahamdu lillo, shukur bado afatad. Bismilnagi razmam rragim. Khuvo can climb, la lasaille guya alimul gyaibi wa shagaditi. Fuck rahman ragim, khubo can climb. la ilyaga or lying. Almelik, alacudos, asalom, almumin, almugamina, alazizu, alchebaru, almutakanbiru, alkhaliku, albaryuu, almusaviru, alcafaru, alkaljara, alvazahu, alryazak, alphatag, alalim, alcabizu, albasutu, alhafiz, allravia, almaviz, almuzil, alsemile, albasir, alakama, aladul, alyatufu.
By the grace of God I have crossed three seas. The rest God knows, God the patron knows. Amen! In the name of the Lord, the merciful, the merciful. The Lord is great, God is good, Lord is good. Jesus is the spirit of God, peace be with you. Lord is great. There is no God but the Lord. The Lord is a provider. Praise be to the Lord, thanks be to the all-conquering God. In the name of God, merciful, merciful. He is God, besides whom there is no God, who knows everything hidden and obvious. He is merciful, merciful. He has no one like him. There is no God but the Lord. He is the king, holiness, peace, guardian, estimating good and evil, omnipotent, healing, exalting, creator, creator, depicter, he is the resolver of sins, the punisher, resolving all difficulties, nourishing, victorious, omniscient, punishing, correcting, preserving, elevating, forgiving, overthrowing, all-hearing, all-seeing, right, just, good.
In the same year, I acquired the writing of Ofonas Tveritin the merchant...- This entry, relating to 1474-1475, most likely belongs to the compiler of an independent annals of the 80s. 15th century
...in Yndje 4 years...- Afanasy Nikitin stayed in India, as we can assume, from the middle of 1471 to the beginning of 1474; see the news of the Indian chronicles cited below on the time of the capture of the cities mentioned by Nikitin, and indications of the relationship between the dates of the Russian calendar and the Muslim lunar calendar.
... if Prince Yuria was near Kazan, then he was shot near Kazan. - This is obviously about the campaign against Kazan of Russian troops led by the brother of Ivan III, Prince Yuri Vasilyevich Dmitrovsky, which ended in September 6978 (1469); outside the commented monument there is no information after Ivan III in Shirvan Vasily Papin.
... Smolensk did not reach, he died.- Smolensk until 1514 was part of the Lithuanian state.
Vasily Mamyrev (1430-1490)- the grand-ducal clerk, left by Ivan III together with I. Yu. Ryapolovsky in Moscow during the invasion of Khan Akhmat in 1480 and supervised the construction of fortifications in Vladimir in 1485.
For a prayer... Afonasia Mikitin's son. - The patronymic ("surname") of the author of "Journey Beyond the Three Seas" is mentioned only in the initial phrase of the monument, completed in the edition according to the Trinity List (it is not in the annalistic version).
... the sea of Derbenskoe, doria Khvalitskaa ...- Caspian Sea; daria (Persian) - the sea.
... the Indian Sea, the Gundustan road ...- Indian Ocean.
... doria Stebolskaya. - The Black Sea is also called Stebolsky (Istanbul) by the Greek folk and Turkish name of Constantinople - Istimpoli, Istanbul.
... from the Savior of the holy golden-domed ...- The main cathedral of Tver (XII century), according to which the Tver land was often called "the house of the Holy Savior."
Mikhail Borisovich- Grand Duke of Tver in 1461-1485.
Bishop Gennady- Bishop of Tver in 1461-1477, former Moscow boyar Gennady Kozha.
Boris Zakharyich- Governor, who led the Tver troops, who helped Vasily the Dark in the fight against his opponent Dmitry Shemyaka, a representative of the Borozdin family, who later transferred to the Moscow service.
... Kolyazin Monastery to the Holy Trinity ... Boris and Gleb. - The Trinity Monastery in the Tver city of Kalyazin on the Volga was founded by Abbot Macarius, mentioned by Nikitin; The church of Boris and Gleb was located in the Makaryevsky Trinity Monastery.
... to Uglech ...- Uglich is a city and a lot of the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
... came ... to Kostroma to Prince Alexander ...- Kostroma on the Volga was one of the immediate possessions of the Grand Duke of Moscow.
...vNovgorod toLower...- Nizhny Novgorod since 1392 was part of the possessions of the Grand Duke of Moscow; Viceroy Mikhail Kiselev - apparently the father of Φ. M. Kiselyov, who received a charter from Ivan III until 1485.
... two weeks ...- Obviously a scribal error; these words (they are not in the Trinity edition) are repeated further in the same phrase.
... shirvanshina ...- Shirvanshah Farrukh Yasar ruled in the Shirvan state in 1462-1500.
...Kaisym Saltan...- Khan Kasim, the second ruler of the Astrakhan Khanate.
...on my tongue...- Ez (zakol) - a wooden fence on the river for fishing.
...thesis...“That’s what merchants from Iran used to be called.
...kaitaks...— Kaytak is a mountainous region in Dagestan.
...to Bak, where the fire burns inextinguishable...— Probably, we are talking about ο flames in the places where oil comes out or ο the temple of fire worshipers.
They killed Shausen...- On the days of the memory of Imam Hussein (died in Mesopotamia in the 7th century), the participants in the procession exclaim: “Shahsey! Wahsey! (Shah Hussein! Wah Hussein!); these days are celebrated by Shiites at the beginning of the year according to the Muslim lunar calendar (in 1469 Oshur Bayram fell at the end of June-beginning of July). The desolation of the district of Rhea is associated with the wars of the 13th century.
... batman for 4 altyns ...- Batman (pers.) - a measure of weight, reaching several pounds; Altyn is a monetary unit containing six money.
...aevery day to catch his sea twice a day.— Sea tides in the Persian Gulf are semi-diurnal.
And then Esmi took the first great day ...- From the further presentation it follows that in Hormuz Nikitin celebrated the third Easter outside of Russia. Perhaps the traveler wanted to say that this was the first holiday he met when he came to the Indian Ocean.
...vRainbow. Radunitsa is the ninth day after Easter.
...to tavu with conmi. - Tava (Marat. Daba) - a sailing vessel without an upper deck. The mass importation of horses to India was carried out to replenish the cavalry and the needs of the local nobility for many centuries.
... paint and lek.- We are talking about blue indigo paint (cf. further “let the paint be repaired by the Nile”) and the preparation of varnish.
... a photo on the head, and the other on the tail ...- The traveler says ο turban (Pers. fota) and dhoti (Ind.), which, like women's clothing sari, were made from unsewn fabric.
... Asatkhan Chyunerska is Indian, andserf meliktucharov. - Asadkhan Dzhunnarsky, a native of Gilan, is mentioned in Indian chronicles as a person close to the great vizier, Mahmud Gavan, who bore the title of melik-attujar (lord of merchants).
...Kafar...- Kafir (Arabic) - unfaithful, as Nikitin first called the Hindus, using the term adopted among Muslims; later he called them "Hundustans" and "Indians".
Winter has become with them since Trinity Days. - This refers to the period of monsoon rains, lasting in India from June to September. Trinity - the fiftieth day after Easter; falls in May-June. - It is not clear which city A. Nikitin has in mind. Spring began with them from the Intercession ...- This refers to the beginning of the new season in October after a period of monsoon rains.
Α saltan is small - 20 yearsT...- The year Nikitin arrived in India, Sultan Mohammed III was seventeen years old, in the year of departure - twenty.
There is a Khorosan meliktuchar boyar...- So Nikitin calls the great vizier Mahmud Gavan, a native of Gilan.
... a thousand people kutovalov ...- Kutuval (pers.) - the commandant of the fortress.
...futuns...- It is possible that Nikitin so calls the gold coin to the fans.
... about the conspiracyο Filipov... - Philippov fast lasts from November 14 until Christmas, which falls on December 25.
...to the Great Curtain...-Lent begins seven weeks before Easter, that is, in February-early March.
... like Ustenyan king of Tsaregrad ...- Statue in Constantinople of Justinian I (527-565).
... worth the vol velmy is great, andcarved out of stone...- Statue of the bull Nandi, the companion of Shiva.
... full.- Syta is a honey drink.
...resident...- The inhabitant is a copper coin.
...to the Besermen ul bagrya. - Ulu Bayram is a great holiday, the same as Kurban Bayram (Feast of Sacrifice) - one of the main holidays in Islam, is celebrated on the 10-13th day of the month of Zul-Hijja according to the Muslim lunar calendar, the ratio of which with the solar calendar changes annually. Further, Nikitin indicates that the holiday took place in mid-May; this allows the year to be set to 1472.
...afrom Moshkat...- Apparently, an insertion of a chronicler; these words contradict the specified travel time; they are absent from the Trinity list. ... manik, yes yahut, yes kirpuk ...- Mani (Skt.) - ruby; Yakut (Arabic) - yahont, more often sapphire (blue yakhont), less often ruby (lal); kirpuk (distorted. carbuncle) - ruby.
...ammons will be born... Ammon is a precious stone, possibly a diamond.
They sell a kidney for five rubles ...- Kidney - a measure of weight for precious stones ("heavy" - one twentieth and "light" - one twenty-fifth of the spool, respectively: 0.21 g and 0.17 g).
...auditors(in the Trinity list: aukykov) - the text is unclear. Assume an indication of a) the type of ships (Arabic - gunuk); b) distance.
Maya month 1 day Great day took Esmi inHip...- Nikitin celebrated the Fourth Easter outside of Russia at the wrong time; Easter never comes later than April 25 (Julian calendar).
...abesermena bagram inson-in-lawmiddle of the montha month...- Eid al-Adha in 1472 fell on May 19th.
The first great day took you inCain, aAnother great day in Chebokara...- Concerning this place, suggestions have been made that Cain is either a distorted name of some point in Transcaucasia, or Nain in Iran; but Nikitin visited Nain after Chapakur, in which case it follows that Nikitin met the first Easter outside Russia in Chapakur, and the second in Nain.
... yes togreat iron weights tied to the snout. - Nikitin mistook for weights the big bells that were hung around the elephant's neck.
Yes, a thousand simple horsestackleoh golden...- When nobles left, it was customary to bring out riding horses in full horse harness, demonstrating the wealth and nobility of the owner.
Saadaq- a set of weapons: a bow in a case and a quiver with arrows.
... plays with a teremtsom ...- This refers to the front umbrella chhatra (Ind.), a symbol of power.
...makhtum...- Makhdum (Arabic) - master. An honorary title that Grand Vizier Mahmud Gavan received in May 1472 after the capture of Goa.
... fugitives.- Run (Turk., h. from run, bey) - representatives of the feudal nobility (Arabic synonym - emir).
Uzoasanbeg killed Yaisha myrza...—Jehanshah Kara-Koyunlu, who ruled in Iran and a number of neighboring regions, was killed in November 1467 in a battle with the troops of his rival Uzun Hasan Ak-Koyunlu.
...aSultan Musyaity fed ...- Sultan Abu Said, who ruled in Central Asia, invaded the Transcaucasus. Surrounded by the troops of Uzun Hasan and his ally, Farrukh Yasar was captured and in February 1469 was executed.
...aYediger Mahmet...- Mohammed Yadigar - a rival of Abu Said, who temporarily seized power after his death.
... two cities took Indian ...- According to Indian chronicles during the war of 1469-1472. the two coastal cities of Sangameshwar and Goa were taken; the latter, as can be seen from the correspondence of Mahmud Gavan, was occupied on February 1, 1472.
... stood under the city for two years ...— We are talking about the siege of the fortress of Cologne during the same war.
... took three great cities.- According to Indian chronicles during a campaign in Telingana in 1471-1472. three important fortresses were occupied - Warangal, Kondapally, Rajahmandri. The troops were commanded by Malik Hassan, who bore the title of Nizam-al-Mulk.
...came...- Copyist's error: in the Chronicle edition - attached; the following phrase contains the correct spelling of "came."
...with the prince of Binedar...- Virupaksha II, Maharaja of Vijayanagara, reigned 1465-1485. Further, Nikitin calls him "Indian Avdon" and "Indian Sultan Kadam."
The Sultan left the city of Beder on the eighth month of Great Days. - Sultan Muhammad III, as established from the correspondence of Mahmud Gavan, set out on a campaign against Belgaon on March 15, 1473.
...arightwowru God vѣgives.Α right faithGod is the only one to know, and call on his name in every place cleanly clean. - This statement by Afanasy Nikitin, which is directly adjacent to the phrase written in Persian: "But Mohammed's faith is good," testifies to the originality of his worldview. It cannot be reduced to a simple idea of religious tolerance: the words "God knows" in another place in Nikitin mean uncertainty - "farther on God knows what will happen." Nikitin considers only monotheism and moral purity to be an obligatory property of the "right faith". In this regard, his worldview is close to the views of Russian heretics of the late 15th century, who argued that a representative of any “language” can become “pleasing to God”, as long as he “does the truth.”
... a month before ulu bagryam ...- Β 1473 the beginning of this holiday fell on May 8th.
... and I broke with them, and the Great Day tookKelbury...- Consequently, Nikitin celebrated the sixth Easter in May, that is, not on time, just like the previous one.
... one city was taken by the Indian ...- The city of Belgaon, the siege and capture of which in 1473 is described in detail in Indian chronicles.
Under the city stood the army for a month ...“We are talking about the unsuccessful siege of the city of Vijaya-nagar.
... went to Amendria, and from Kamendria to Nyaryas, and from Kinaryas to Suri...— It is not clear which cities between Åland and Dabhol are referred to by the traveler.
... to Velik days for three months of besermen shit. - Nikitin points here to the ratio in a given year of two passing dates of the Muslim and Orthodox calendars. Β 1474, the beginning of Ramadan fasting fell on January 20, and Easter on April 10.
Α in Turkish...- The Turkish Sultan Mehmed II ruled in 1451-1481.
...in Karaman...- Power in Karaman changed hands several times during these years. The governor of the Sultan was Mustafa, the son of Mehmed II. The hereditary ruler of Karaman was Pir Ahmed (d. 1474), an ally of Uzun Hassan.
... shubash yes pasha ...- Su-bashi - head of the city security; pasha - governor of the sultan.
From the publisher
AND The name of the Tver merchant Athanasius Nikitin (c. 1433–1472) is well known to everyone. Everyone knows that he went to India and left the "Journey Beyond the Three Seas", and if you look at the map, you can even guess that the three seas are the Black, Caspian and Arabian. But how many have had the pleasure of enjoying this wonderful story?
Traveling across the three seas was not the first for Athanasius. Most likely, by the age of 33, when he went to Persia with the embassy of Ivan III, this enterprising man managed to wander around the world a lot. I knew a lot, I saw a lot. Maybe in those days the West and the East were not so far apart? Maybe in the Middle Ages there was not such a gulf between Europe and Asia, between Western and Eastern beliefs and customs? Maybe we separated ourselves from each other later?
Be that as it may, one can safely say that it was merchants, and not scientists, conquerors and adventurers, who with such persistence expanded the boundaries of the known world, searched for and found new lands, established ties with new peoples. And this cannot be achieved with courage and recklessness alone, without the ability to compromise, respect for the new and friendliness. It is only a pity that hordes of ruthless nomads and greedy rulers followed along the paths laid by merchants, burning out the timid sprouts of mutual understanding and religious tolerance with a red-hot iron. The merchant is looking for benefits, not quarrels: war is the shroud of trade.
Among the thousands of merchants who embarked on journeys full of dangers in a desperate determination to sell at a higher price, at a lower price, one can count on one hand those who left behind travel records. And Afanasy Nikitin is among them. Moreover, he managed to visit a country where, it seems, no European has set foot before him - amazing, coveted India. His laconic "Journey beyond the three seas of Afonas Mikitin" contains a whole scattering of precious information about the life of the Old Indian, which has not lost its value to this day. What is the mere description of the solemn departure of the Indian Sultan surrounded by 12 viziers and accompanied by 300 elephants, 1000 horsemen, 100 camels, 600 trumpeters and dancers and 300 concubines!
It is very instructive to learn about the difficulties that the Christian Athanasius encountered in a foreign country. Of course, he was not the first to painfully search for a way to preserve his faith among the Gentiles. But it is precisely his narrative that is the most valuable European document, which is an example of not only spiritual stamina, but also religious tolerance and the ability to defend one's views without false heroism and empty insults. And one can argue to the point of hoarseness whether Afanasy Nikitin accepted Islam. But doesn’t the very fact that he tried with all his might to return to his homeland prove that he remained a Christian?..
A clear and measured, devoid of any literary excesses and at the same time a very personal narrative of Afanasy Nikitin is read in one spirit, but ... poses many questions to the reader.
How did this man, having lost all his possessions, get to Persia, and from there to India? Did he know foreign languages in advance, or did he learn them on the way (after all, he so accurately conveys Tatar, Persian and Arabic speech in Russian letters)? Was the ability to navigate by the stars common among Russian merchants? How did he earn his living? How did you raise money to return to Russia?
The narrations of other travelers - merchants and ambassadors, who made up the appendix to this book, will help you understand all this. Get acquainted with the notes of the Franciscan Guillaume de Rubruk (c. 1220 - c. 1293), struggling to fulfill his mission and constantly complaining about the negligence of the interpreters; Russian merchant Fedot Kotov, who went to Persia around 1623 and for whom trade benefits and the state of trade routes are in first, second and third place; and the Venetians Ambrogio Contarini and Josaphat Barbaro, an ambassador and merchant who visited Russia on their way to the Eastern countries in 1436–1479. Compare their impressions. See how the world has changed over four centuries. And maybe the truth will be revealed to you ...
Afanasy Nikitin. WALKING FOR THREE SEAS
Old Russian text Trinity List of the 16th century.
W and the prayer of our holy fathers, Lord Jesus Christ, son of God, have mercy on me, your sinful servant Afonasius Mikitin's son. He wrote his sinful journey beyond the three seas: the first sea of Derbenskoe, the doriya Khvalitskaa; the second sea is Indian, doria Gondustanskaa; the third Black Sea, Stembolskaa Doriya. Departed from the holy Savior of the Golden-domed with his mercy, from Grand Duke Mikhail Borisovich and from Bishop Genady Tv?rsky, went to the bottom of the Volga and came to the monastery to the holy life-giving Trinity and the holy martyr Boris and Gl?bu; and at the hegumen, blessing the brothers at Macarius; and from Kolyazin went to Coal, from Coal to Kostroma to Prince Alexander, with her Gramotoya. And the great prince let me go of all Russia voluntarily. And on Eleso, in Nizhny Novgorod, to Mikhail, to Kiselev, to the us? stnik and to the tax collector Ivan Saraev, they let him in voluntarily. And Vasily Papin drove to the city, and did he wait in the city? dv? weeks of the ambassador of the Tatar shirvashin Asamb?ga, and he rode from the krechat from the Grand Duke Ivan, and he had ninety krechatov. And I went with him to the bottom of the Volga. And I am Kazan, and the Horde, and Uslan, and Sarai, and Verekezans passed me voluntarily. And we drove into Vuzan River.
And then three filthy Tartars ran over us and told us false ones: Kaisym Soltan guards the guests in Buzan, and with him three thousand Totars. And the ambassador Shirvashin Asanb?g gave them one row and one linen to lead them past Aztarkhan. And they took one by one, but they gave it to the king in Khaztorokhani. And the yaz left his ship and went to the ship for a word and with comrades. Aztarkhan on the moon of the night with a sail, did the king see us and the Tatars? they called us: “Kachma, don’t be afraid!” And the king sent his whole horde after us. And according to our sins, they overtook us on Bugun ?, they shot a man with us, and we shot two of them; and our smaller ship was on the move, and they took it an hour ago and plundered it, and my junk is all in the smaller ship ?. And we reached the sea with a larger ship, sometimes it became aground at the mouth of the Volga, and they immediately took us, but the ship was pulled back to the ride. And then they took our larger ship, and the Russians took 4 heads, and they let us go bare-headed across the sea, and they didn’t let us go upstairs. And I sent two courts to Derbent: in one vessel? Ambassador Asamb?g, yes theses, yes Russians us 10 heads; and in another ship? 6 Muscovite and 6 Tver.
And the furstovina stood up to the sea ?, but the smaller ship crashed on the shore, and the kaitaks came and caught all the people. And I came to Derbent. And that Vasily came to say hello, and we were robbed. And I beat Vasily Papin and Ambassador Shirvanshin Asanbeg with my forehead, that I came with him to grieve about the people that they were caught under Tarhy kaytaki. And Osanb?g was sad and went up the mountain to Bultab?g. And Bulatb?g soon sent yes to the Shirvansh?b?gu: that the Russian ship was wrecked near Tarkhi, and the kaitaks came and caught people, and plundered their goods. And the Shirvanshab?g of that hour sent an ambassador to his brother-in-law, Alilbeg, the Kaitak prince, that my ship was wrecked near Tarkha, and your people came, caught people, and robbed their goods; and you would me for? la people to me? sent and the goods collected them, outside t? people sent in my name; what about tob? will you need b? at my place, and you came to me, and yaz you ?, to your brother, I’m not standing for that, and you would have let them go voluntarily for me. And Alilb?g of that hour sent all the people to Derbent voluntarily, and from Derbent they sent them to the Shirvanshi in his coitul. And we went to the shirvanshe in and koitul and beat him with our foreheads, so that he would welcome us, what to reach Russia. And he did not give us anything, but there are many of us. And we cried and parted in some places: whoever has something in Russia, and he went to Russia; and who should, and he went where his eyes took him, while others remained in Shamakhi, while others went to work for Bak?.
And yaz went to Derbent, and from Derbent to Bak ?, where? the fire burn unquenchable; and from Baki did you go overseas to Chebokar, but then did you live in Chebokar? 6 months, yes in Sar? lived for a month in the Mazdran land. And from there to Amily, and here I lived for a month. And from there to Dimovant, and from Dimovant to Ray. And that one was killed by Shausen of the Alei children and the grandchildren of the Makhmetevs, and he cursed them, otherwise 70 cities fell apart. And from Dr. I to Kashen, and then there was a month. And from Kashen to Nain, and from Nain to Ezd? and, and here I lived for a month. And from Dies to Syrchan, and from Syrchan to Tarom, and funiki to feed the animal, batman for 4 altyns. And from Torom to Lar, and from Lar to Bender. And here there is a refuge of Gurmyz, and here there is the Indian Sea, and in the parse language and the Hondustan doriya; and from there go by sea to Gurmyz 4 miles. Is Gurmyz on the island ?, and every day to catch his sea twice a day. And then you took 1 Great day, and you came to Gurmyz four weeks before Great days. And then Esmi cities are not all? wrote, many great cities. What about Gurmyz? there is a boiled sun, man? What about Gurmyz? I was a month, and from Gurmyz I went beyond the Indian Sea, along Velitsa days in Fomin's week, to Tava, with horses.
And they went by the sea D?gu 4 days; from D?ga Kuzryat; and from Kuzryat to Konbat, and here it’s far to give birth to paint. And from Kanbat to Chivil, and from Chivil we went in this week along Velits? days, but did I go to Tav? 6 weeks by sea to Chivil. And then there is the Indian country, and people walk naked all over, but their heads are not covered, and their chests are bare, and their hair is braided in one braid, and sun? belly go, give birth to children every year, and they have many children, and husbands and wives all? black; I go where, sometimes there are a lot of people behind me, they marvel at the broken man. And their prince - a photo on their heads ?, and a friend, on their hips; and the boyars walk with them - a photo on the splash ?, and others on the hips, and the princesses walk - the photo is rounded on the shoulder, and the other is on the hips; and the servants of the prince and the boyars - the photo on the hips is rounded, and the shield and the sword are in their hands, and some with sulits, and others with knives, and others with sabers, and others with bows and arrows; and sun? naked, yes barefoot, yes bolkaty; and the wives walk around with their heads uncovered, and their breasts bare; and couples and girls go naked up to 7 years old, and are not covered with rubbish. And from Chuvil we went dry to Pali 8 days to the Indian mountains. And from Pali to Die 10 days, that is, an Indian city. And from Die to Chyuneyr 6 days, and there is Asatkhan Chyuner Indian, and the serf Meliktucharov, and keep, they say, seven darkness from Meliktuchar.
And Meliktuchar s? Dit at 20 tmah; and it beats 20 liters from the Kafara? That is, they beat him, then he beats them many times. Khan ride on people, and he has many good elephants and horses, and he has many Khorozans people; and bring them from the Khorosan lands, and others from the Oraban lands, and others from the Tukarmes lands, and others from the Chegotan lands, and bring everything by sea in tavas, Indian lands ships. And the sinful tongue brought the stallion to the Ynd? land, and God came to Chuner, gave everything in good health, and became a hundred rubles. Winter has become their days since Trinity. And we wintered in Chyun?ir?, we lived for two months; every day and night 4 months, and everywhere there is water and mud. In t? but their days are to yell and sow wheat, and tuturgan, and nails, and everything syastnoe. They have wine to repair in the great or? and they fix the mash in tatna, feed the horses with a nox, and cook kichiris with sugar, feed the horses, and with butter, and give the wound schsheni. In the Indian land, they will not give birth to horses, oxen and buffaloes will be born in their land, to bring other goods on the same land, everyone does it. Chuner is a city on an island on a stone, not doing anything, God is created; but walking up the mountain for a day on a single person, the road is so sleep, you can’t drink.
In the Indian land, guests are put on the farmstead, and? cook for the guests of the lady, and make a bed, and sleep with the guests, sikish ileresn du resident of Bersen, reach out to avrat chektur and sikish mufut love white people. Zim? do they have people walking around with a photo on their hips, and a friend on a splash, and a third on their heads ?; and the princes and boyars then put on their trousers, and a shirt, and a coat, and a photo on the shoulder, and gird the other one, and wrap the head with a third photo; and se olo, olo, abr olo ak, olo kerim, olo ragym. What about Chuner? Khan took a stallion from me, and saw that I was not a besermenin, Rusin, and he said: “And I will give a stallion and a thousand golden ladies, and stand in our vra in Makhm?t Deni; but will you not stand in our faith in Mahmet Deni, and I will take a stallion and a thousand gold heads? I will take yours." And he committed the term for 4 days, in shitty dormition on Spasov's day. And the Lord God, having mercy on your honest holiday, do not put your sinful mercy away from me and did not lead? perish in Chuner? with the wicked; on the eve of Spasov's days, the hostess Makhmet of Khorasan came to beat him with his forehead to tell me about me? saddened; and he went to the khan in the city, but he asked me not to put me in the vra, and he took my stallion from him.
Such is the Lord's miracle on Spasov's day! Ino, brothers of Russian Christians, who wants to drink in the Ynd?ysk land, and you leave your v?ra in Russia, but I will call Makhmet, but go to the Gustan land. The dogs of the besermen lied to me, but they only said a lot to our goods, but nothing to our land; all the goods went to the land of Beserm, pepper and paint, then cheap; otherwise they carry more by sea, do not give other duties. But other people will not let us carry out duties, and there are many duties, and there are many robbers on the sea. And smash all the kofars, neither the peasants, nor the arsemen; but they pray with a stone blockhead, but do not know Christ. And is Chunerya I went to the Dormition of the Most Pure to Hip to their greater city. And I walked for months; and from Beder to Kulonker 5 days; and from Kulonger to Kelberg 5 days. Between those great cities there are many cities; every day, three degrees, and on another day, 4 degrees; sharply kovv, interpretation of hailstones. And from Chuvil to Chyuneyr 20 kovov, and from Chuner to Beder 40 kov, and from Beder to Kolungor 9 kov, and from Beder to Koluberg 9 kov. In Bederi, there is bargaining for horses, and for goods, and damask, for silk and for any other goods, so that black people can buy in it; and others in it bought n? t. Yes, all their goods are from Gundostan, but all vegetables are conscientious, but there are no goods for the Russian land.
And all are black, and all are villains, and the zhonki are all whores, yes, yes, thief, yes, yes, yes, potions, the master of the sea. In the Indian land, all the Khorosantsi reign, and the boyars are all Khorosantsi; and the gundustants are all puffers, but they walk around greyhounds, and all are naked and barefoot, but a shield in their hands, and in another sword, and other servants with great straight bows and arrows. And all the elephants fight them, but they let them go in advance, good horses on horseback and in armor, and the horses themselves; and to the elephant they knit to the snout and to the tooth of the great swords forged according to the kendar, but they will wrap them in damask armor, and small towns are made on them, and even in the gorotk? 12 people each in armor, but all with guns and arrows. They have one place, shikhb Aludin pіr atyr bozar alyadinand, one bozar for a year, the whole country of Indian trade is expected, and trade for 10 days; from Hiper 12 kovov, bring horses up to 20 thousand to sell, to bring all goods; in the Hondustan land of that bargaining is the best, they will sell any goods, they will buy, in memory of Shikha Aladin, on the Russian holiday on the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God. There is also a gukuk bird in that Alanda, it flies at night, and call "gukuk".
And on which horomin? s?dit, then a man? to die; but someone wants to kill her, otherwise fire comes out of her mouth. And mamon go at night and have chickens, and live in the mountains? or in stone. What about monkeys? live in the forest, but they have a monkey prince, but go with their army, but whoever takes them and they complain to their prince, and he sends his army to him, and they, having come to the city, and yards loose and beat people. And their army, they say, there are many, and their languages \u200b\u200bare their own, and they give birth to many children; Yes, which will be born not in the father, not in the mother, they t? x rush along the roads; some Hondustians are allowed to teach them all kinds of handicrafts, and others sell nights, so that they don’t know how to return, and others are taught the bases of mikanet. Spring began with them from the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God; and celebrate shikha Aladdin and spring? dv? weeks? Is it for the Intercession?, but celebrate 8 days; and keep spring for 3 months, and summer for 3 months, and winter for 3 months, and autumn for 3 months. In Bederi, their table is given to Gundustan of Besermen. And there is a city in the face, and there are a lot of people; and the Saltan is great 20 years old, and keep the boyars, and the Farasantsi reign, and all the Khorosantsi fight. There is a Khorosan Meliktuchar boyar, otherwise he has two hundred thousand rati, and Melik Khan has 100 thousand, and Harat Khan has 20 thousand; and many of those khans for 10 thousand rati.
And with the Saltan, 300 thousand of their rati come out. And the land is crowded with velmi, and the rural people are naked with velmi, and the boyars are strong and kind? and magnificent velmy; and all of them should be worn on their beds on silver ones, and before them they lead horses in gold tacks up to 20; and 300 people on horseback behind them, and 500 people on horseback, 10 Trubnikov, 10 Nagarnikov, and 10 Svir?lnikov. The Sultan, on the other hand, goes out to the pot with his mother and his wife, otherwise with him there are 10 thousand people on horseback, and 50 thousand men, and 200 elephants dressed up in gilded armor, and before him 100 Trubnikov people Yes, there are 100 people dancing, yes, simple 300 horses in golden tackle, and 100 monkeys behind him, and 100 whores, and all gauryks. In the sultans' courtyard there are 7 gates, and in the gate? who will go and write down, and who will go out, write down; and Garipov are not allowed into the city. And the courtyard is his chuden velmi, everything is cut out? Yes, for gold ?, and the last stone is carved and gold described very miraculously; yes to the yard? he has different courts. The city of Hips is guarded in the night by a thousand people? k kutovalovyh, and? ride on horses and in armor, and at all according to the holy. And I sold my stallion in Bederi, but I gave him 60 and 8 feet, and I fed him for a year.
In Bederi, snakes walk the streets, and its length is two? fathoms. Did you come to Beder about a conspiracy about Filipov? is Kulong?rya and sold his stallion about Christmas ?, and there would be before the great convent in Bederi and got to know many Indians and told them I’ll lie to them that if I’m not besermenin and sayadenіenі I am a Christian, but my name is Ofonasei, but besermenskoe the name of the owner is Isuf Khorosani. And they did not learn to open me about anything, nor about? st ?, nor about trade, nor about manaz, nor about other things, nor did they teach their zhon to hide. Yeah oh w?r? But everything is about their trials, and they say: we’re shooting at Adam, and Buty, it seems, that is, Adam and his whole family. And v?r in Ind? and sun? x 80 and 4 v?ry, and all v?ruyut in Buta; and v?ra with a swarm neither drink nor eat, nor marry, but others eat boranina, but chickens, yes fish, and eat eggs, but don’t eat oxen in any way. In Bederi, it was 4 months and they were sacred from the Indians to drink to Pervoti, then their Jerusalem, and according to Besermensky Myagkat, d? their buthan. In the same place, they died from the Indians, let there be Khans for a month, and bargaining at the Buthana for 5 days. And the butkhana velmi is great from half a Tv?ri, a stone, given the works of Butovy on it, around it all 12 are r was a human being; another man? k, and the nose of elephants; the third person? k, and the vision of a monkey; in the fourth man?k, and the image of a fierce beast, was all of them with a tail, but carved on a stone, and the tail through it was a fathom.
The whole country of Induskaa is congregating to the Bukhan at Chudo Butovo; yes, old women and girls shave at the butkhany, but shave on sob? sun? hair, and beards, and heads, and go to the butkhan; Yes, from every head to eat on dv? sheksheni duties on Buta, and four feet from horses; and shrinks to the loaf of all people byst azar lek vakht bashet sat azar lek. In a bun? But But is carved out of stone, Velmi is great, but his tail is through him, but he raised his right hand high and stretched out, like Ustyan the king of Tsaryagradsky, and in his left hand? he has a spear, but on him it’s nothing, and his tail is due to his fly, and his vision is monkey-like, and another Buta is naked, n? But on the other side of Butom, there is a big volmi, and it is carved from stone and black, and all is gilded, and kiss him on the hoof, and flowers are poured on him, and flowers are poured on Buta.
The Indians do not eat any meat, neither yalovichina, nor boranine, nor chicken meat, nor fish, nor pork, but they have a lot of pigs; but they eat twice during the day, but do not eat at night, and do not drink wine, nor are they full; but do not drink or eat from besermena. And their property is bad, but one with a day neither to drink nor eat, nor with a wife; but they eat brynets, and kichiri with butter, and they eat rose herbs, all with the right hand, and the left will not be taken for anything; but do not hold a knife, and do not know lies; and on the road? who is sob? cooks porridge, and everyone has a mountain top. And they hide from the besermians, so that they don’t look either at the highlander or the vista; but the besermenin looked at? stvu, and he does not eat, but others eat, they are covered with a scarf so that no one sees him. And pray them to the east in Russian, raise both hands high, and put them on top, and lay down on the ground, and stretch everything on the ground, then their bows. And the dishes sit down, and wash their hands and feet, and rinse their mouths. But their butukhans are without doors, but they are placed to the east, and the buta stand to the east. And whoever they have to die, and they burn them and pour ashes onto the water. And the wife will give birth to a child, otherwise the husband will give birth, and the father will give the name to the son and the mother’s daughter; but they don’t have dobrovtra, and they don’t know rubbish. Or he came, some bowed in Chernech, both hands touched to the ground, and did not say anything.
To Pervot? but to talk about the Great Conspiracy, to your butu, that is their Jerusalem, and in Besermen's Myakka, and in Russian Jerusalem, and in Indian Parvat. And do they all congregate? naked, only on the gown of the dress; and zhonki Sun? nagas, just a photo on the goose, and another in photos, and on the necks there are pearls, a lot of yachts, and on the hands are hoops and rings of gold ollo oak, and inside to the butkhan to go free, but the ox’s horns are bound by mud, and on the necks bells 300, but shod hooves; and t? oxen are calling. The Indians call the ox the father, and the cow the mother, and their feces are baked bread and the ability to cook sob ?, and they smear their banner with ashes of it on the face, and on the forehead, and all over the body. In a week, yes on Monday, eat once in the afternoon. In Ynd?e, it’s like pack-tour, and uchyuz-shit: sikish ilarsen iki shield; akechany ilya atyrsenatle zhetel take; bulara is good: and kul caravash uchyuz char funa hub bem funa hubesia; Kapkara am chuk kichi you like. From Pervati, Esmi came to Beder, 15 days before the Besermen ulubagr. And I don’t give the Great Days of the Resurrection of Christ, but I’m guessing from the note there - the Great Day happens to be the Christian’s first besermen’s bagrim in 9 days or 10 days.
In the year 6983 (1475) "...". In the same year he received the notes of Athanasius, a merchant of Tver, he had been in India for four years, and he writes that he set off on a journey with Vasily Papin. I asked when Vasily Papin was sent with gyrfalcons as an ambassador from the Grand Duke, and they told me that a year before the Kazan campaign he returned from the Horde, and died near Kazan, shot with an arrow, when Prince Yuri went to Kazan. I did not find in the records in what year Athanasius went or in what year he returned from India and died, but they say that he died before reaching Smolensk. And he wrote notes with his own hand, and those notebooks with his notes were brought by merchants to Moscow to Vasily Mamyrev, the deacon of the Grand Duke.
For the prayer of our holy fathers, Lord Jesus Christ, son of God, have mercy on me, the servant of your sinful son Afanasy Nikitin.
I wrote down here about my sinful journey beyond three seas: the first sea is Derbent, Daria Khvalisskaya, the second sea is Indian, Daria Gundustanskaya, the third sea is Black, Daria Istanbulskaya.
I went from the Savior of the Holy Golden-domed with his grace, from my sovereign, Grand Duke Mikhail Borisovich of Tverskoy, from Vladyka Gennady of Tverskoy, and from Boris Zakharyich.
I swam down the Volga. And he came to the Kalyazinsky Monastery to the Holy Trinity of the Life-Giving and the Holy Martyrs Boris and Gleb. And he received a blessing from hegumen Macarius and the holy brethren. From Kalyazin I sailed to Uglich, and from Uglich they let me go without any obstacles. And, having sailed from Uglich, he arrived in Kostroma and came to Prince Alexander with another diploma from the Grand Duke. And they let me go without a hitch. And he came to Ples without obstacles.
And I came to Nizhny Novgorod to Mikhail Kiselev, the governor, and to the messenger Ivan Saraev, and they let me go without obstacles. And Vasily Papin, however, had already passed the city, and I was waiting for Hasan-bek, the ambassador of the Tatar Shirvanshah, in Nizhny Novgorod for two weeks. And he rode with gyrfalcons from Grand Duke Ivan, and he had ninety gyrfalcons. I swam with them down the Volga. Kazan passed without obstacles, did not see anyone, and the Horde, and Uslan, and Sarai, and Berekezan sailed and entered Buzan. And then three infidel Tatars met us and gave us false news: “Sultan Kasim is in wait for merchants in Buzan, and with him three thousand Tatars.” The ambassador of the Shirvanshah, Hasan-bek, gave them a single-row caftan and a piece of linen to take us past Astrakhan. And they, the unfaithful Tatars, took one by one, and sent the message to the tsar in Astrakhan. And I left my ship with my comrades, went to the embassy ship.
We sail past Astrakhan, and the moon is shining, and the tsar saw us, and the Tatars shouted to us: “Kachma - don’t run!” But we didn’t hear anything about it and we’re running under sail. For our sins, the king sent all his people after us. They overtook us on Bohun and started shooting at us. We shot a man, and we shot two of their Tatars. And our smaller ship got stuck near Eza, and they immediately took it and plundered it, and all my luggage was on that ship.
We reached the sea on a large ship, but it became aground at the mouth of the Volga, and then they overtook us and ordered the ship to be pulled up the river to the eza. And our big ship was robbed here and four Russians were taken prisoner, and we were released with our bare heads across the sea, and they didn’t let us go back, up the river, so that they wouldn’t give us news.
And we went, weeping, on two ships to Derbent: in one ship, Ambassador Hasan-bek, and theses, and we, Russians, ten people; and in another ship - six Muscovites, and six Tverites, and cows, and our food. And a storm arose on the sea, and the smaller ship broke on the shore. And here stands the town of Tarki, and people came ashore, but kaitaks came and took everyone prisoner.
And we came to Derbent, and Vasily arrived there safely, and we were robbed. And I beat Vasily Papin and the ambassador of the Shirvanshah Hasan-bek, with whom we came with, with my brow - so that I would take care of the people whom the kaitaks had captured near Tarki. And Hassan-bek went to the mountain to ask Bulat-bek. And Bulat-bek sent a messenger to the Shirvanshah to convey: “Sir! The Russian ship crashed near Tarki, and the kaitaks, having arrived, took people prisoner, and plundered their goods.
And the Shirvanshah immediately sent an ambassador to his brother-in-law, the prince of kaitaks Khalil-bek: “My ship crashed near Tarki, and your people, having come, captured people from it, and plundered their goods; and you, for my sake, people came to me and collect their goods, because those people were sent to me. And what will you need from me, and you send to me, and I will not contradict you, my brother, in anything. And those people came to me, and you, for my sake, let them go to me without obstacles. And Khalil-bek released all the people to Derbent immediately without obstacles, and from Derbent they were sent to the Shirvanshah to his headquarters - koitul.
We went to the Shirvanshah at his headquarters and beat him with our foreheads so that he would grant us, than to reach Russia. And he did not give us anything: they say, there are many of us. And we parted, crying, who went where: someone who had something left in Russia, he went to Russia, and whoever had to, he went wherever his eyes looked. Others remained in Shamakhi, while others went to work in Baku.
And I went to Derbent, and from Derbent to Baku, where the fire burns unquenchable; and from Baku he went across the sea - to Chapakur.
And I lived in Chapakur for six months, and lived in Sari for a month, in the Mazandaran land. And from there he went to Amol and lived there for a month. And from there he went to Damavend, and from Damavend to Ray. Here they killed Shah Hussein, from the children of Ali, the grandchildren of Muhammad, and the curse of Muhammad fell on the murderers - seventy cities were destroyed.
From Ray I went to Kashan and lived there for a month, and from Kashan to Nain, and from Nain to Yezd and lived there for a month. And from Yazd he went to Sirjan, and from Sirjan to Tarom, livestock are fed here with dates, batman sell dates for four altyns. And from Tarom I went to Lara, and from Lara - to Bender - then the Hormuz pier. And then the Indian Sea, in Persian Daria Gundustanskaya; to Ormuz-grad from here four miles to go.
And Ormuz is on an island, and the sea comes on him twice every day. Here I spent my first Pascha, and came to Ormuz four weeks before Pascha. And therefore I did not name all the cities, that there are many more large cities. Great is the heat of the sun in Hormuz, it will burn a man. I was in Hormuz for a month, and from Hormuz after Easter on the day of the Rainbow I went in a tava with horses across the Indian Sea.
And we went by sea to Muscat for ten days, and from Muscat to Degas four days, and from Degas to Gujarat, and from Gujarat to Cambay. Here paint and varnish will be born. From Cambey they sailed to Chaul, and from Chaul they left in the seventh week after Easter, and six weeks went by sea in tava to Chaul. And here is the Indian country, and people walk around naked, but their heads are not covered, and their breasts are bare, and their hair is braided in one braid, everyone walks around with belly fat, and children are born every year, and they have many children. Both men and women are all naked and all black. Wherever I go, there are many people behind me - they marvel at the white man. The local prince has a veil on his head, and another on his hips, and the boyars there have a veil over his shoulder, and another on his hips, and the princesses go around - a veil is thrown over their shoulders, another veil is on their hips. And the servants of princes and boyars have one veil wrapped around their hips, and a shield, and a sword in their hands, some with darts, others with daggers, and others with sabers, and others with bows and arrows; Yes, they are all naked, yes barefoot, but strong, but they don’t shave their hair. And women walk around - their heads are not covered, and their breasts are bare, and boys and girls walk naked until they are seven years old, their shame is not covered.
From Chaul they went on land, they went to Pali for eight days, to the Indian mountains. And ten days went from Pali to Die, then an Indian city. And from Die seven days' journey to Junnar.
An Indian khan rules here - Asad Khan of the Junnar, and he serves melik-at-tujar. Troops were given to him from melik-at-tujar, they say, seventy thousand. And the melik-at-tujar has two hundred thousand troops under his command, and he has been fighting with the Kafars for twenty years: and they defeated him more than once, and he defeated them many times. Asad Khan rides in public. And he has a lot of elephants, and he has a lot of good horses, and he has a lot of warriors, Khorasans. And horses are brought from the Khorasan land, others from the Arab land, others from the Turkmen land, others from the Chagotai land, and they are all brought by sea in tavs - Indian ships.
And I, a sinner, brought a stallion to the Indian land, and went with him to Junnar, with God's help, healthy, and he became me a hundred rubles. Their winter began on Trinity Day. I wintered in Junnar, lived here for two months. Every day and night - for four whole months - everywhere there is water and mud. These days they plow with them and sow wheat, and rice, and peas, and everything edible. Their wine is made from large nuts, the Gundustan goats are called, and the mash is made from tatna. Horses are fed here with peas, and khichri is boiled with sugar and butter, they are fed to horses, and in the morning they give sheshni. Horses are not found in the Indian land, bulls and buffaloes are born in their land - they ride and carry goods and other things, they do everything.
Junnar-grad stands on a stone rock, not fortified by anything, protected by God. And the paths to that mountain go by one person at a time: the road is narrow, two cannot pass.
In Indian land, merchants are settled in farmsteads. The hostesses cook for the guests, and the hostesses make the bed, and sleep with the guests. (If you have a close relationship with her, give two inhabitants, if you do not have a close connection, give one inhabitant. There are many wives here according to the rule of temporary marriage, and then a close relationship is free); they love white people.
In winter, they have ordinary people walking around - a veil on their hips, another on their shoulders, and a third on their heads; and princes and boyars then put on ports, and a shirt, and a caftan, and a veil on their shoulders, they will gird themselves with another veil, and wrap their head with a third veil. (O God, great God, true Lord, generous God, merciful God!)
And in that Junnar, the khan took away my stallion when he found out that I was not a Besermenian, but a Rusyn. And he said: “And I will return the stallion, and a thousand golden ladies in addition, just go over to our faith - to Muhammadini. But if you don’t convert to our faith, to Muhammeddin, I’ll take a stallion, and I’ll take a thousand gold pieces from your head.” And he appointed a deadline - four days, on the Day of the Savior, on the Assumption post. Yes, the Lord God took pity on his honest holiday, did not leave me, a sinner, by his mercy, did not let me die in Junnar among the infidels. On the eve of Spasov Day, the treasurer Mohammed, a Khorasanian, arrived, and I beat him with my forehead so that he would fuss for me. And he went to the city to Asad Khan and asked for me so that they would not convert me to their faith, and he took my stallion back from the Khan. Such is the Lord's miracle on Spasov's day. And so, brothers Russian Christians, whoever wants to go to the Indian land - leave your faith in Russia, yes, having called on Muhammad, go to the Gundustan land.
The Besermen dogs lied to me, they said that there is a lot of our goods, but there is nothing for our land: all the goods are white for the Besermen land, pepper and paint, then cheap. Those who carry oxen across the sea do not pay those duties. And we will not be allowed to transport goods without duty. And there are many duties, and there are many robbers on the sea. Kafars are robbing, they are not Christians and they are not bezermen: they pray to stone blockheads and they don’t know either Christ or Muhammad.
And from Dzhunnar they went to Uspenye and went to Bidar, their main city. It took a month to Bidar, and five days from Bidar to Kulongiri, and five days from Kulongiri to Gulbarga. Between these large cities there are many other cities, every day three cities passed, and another day four cities: as many kovs - so many cities. From Chaul to Junnar there are twenty kovs, and from Junnar to Bidar forty kovs, from Bidar to Kulongiri nine kovs, and from Bidar to Gulbarga nine kovs.
In Bidar, they sell horses, damask, silk and all other goods, as well as black slaves, but there is no other goods here. The goods are all from Gundustan, and from the edible only vegetables, and there is no goods for the Russian land. And here the people are all black, all the villains, and the wives are all walking, yes sorcerers, yes tatis, yes deceit, yes poison, poison the gentlemen.
In the Indian land, all the Khorasanians reign, and the boyars are all Khorasanians. And the Gundustans are all on foot and walk in front of the Khorasans who are on horseback; and the rest are all on foot, walk quickly, all naked and barefoot, in one hand a shield, in the other a sword, and others with large straight bows and arrows. The battle is being fought more and more on elephants. Soldiers on foot walk ahead, behind them are Khorasans in armor on horses, themselves in armor and horses. Large forged swords are tied to the head and tusks of elephants, weighing a centar, and the elephants are dressed in damask armor, and turrets are made on the elephants, and in those turrets there are twelve people in armor, all with cannons, but with arrows.
There is one place here - Aland, where Sheikh Alaeddin (saint, there is also a fair). Once a year, the whole Indian country comes to trade at that fair, they trade here for ten days; from Bidar twelve kovs. They bring horses here - up to twenty thousand horses - to sell and bring any goods. This fair is the best in the Gundustan land, every product is sold and bought on the days of the memory of Sheikh Alaeddin, and in our opinion on the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God. And there is also a gukuk bird in that Aland, it flies at night, shouting: “kuk-kuk”; and on whose house she sits, a person will die there, and whoever wants to kill her, she fires fire from her mouth at that one. Mamons go at night and grab chickens, and they live on the hills or among the rocks. And the monkeys live in the forest. They have a monkey prince, he walks with his army. If someone offends the monkeys, they complain to their prince, and he sends his army to the offender, and when they come to the city, they destroy houses and kill people. And the monkey army, they say, is very large, and they have their own language. Many cubs will be born to them, and if one of them is born to either mother or father, they are abandoned on the roads. Other Gundustans pick them up and teach them all sorts of crafts; and if they sell, then at night, so that they cannot find their way back, and others are taught (to amuse people).
Their spring began with the Protection of the Holy Mother of God. And they celebrate the memory of Sheikh Alaeddin and the beginning of spring two weeks after the Intercession; The holiday lasts eight days. And they have three months of spring, and three months of summer, and three months of winter, and three months of autumn.
Bidar is the capital city of Gundustan of Besermen. The city is big and there are a lot of people in it. The Sultan is young, twenty years old - the boyars rule, and the Khorasans rule and all the Khorasans fight.
The boyar-Khorasan, melik-at-tujar, lives here, so he has two hundred thousand of his rati, and Melik Khan has a hundred thousand, and Farat Khan has twenty thousand, and many khans have ten thousand troops. And three hundred thousand of his troops go out with the Sultan.
The land is populous, and the rural people are very poor, while the boyars have great power and are very rich. The boyars are carried on silver stretchers, they lead the horses in gold harness in front, they lead up to twenty horses, and behind them are three hundred horsemen, and five hundred foot soldiers, and ten trumpeters, and ten people with drums, and ten dudars.
And when the Sultan goes for a walk with his mother and his wife, then ten thousand horsemen follow him and fifty thousand on foot, and two hundred elephants are led out, all in gilded armor, and in front of him are a hundred trumpeters, a hundred dancers, and three hundred lead riding horses in a golden harness, and a hundred monkeys, and a hundred concubines, they are called gaurks.
Seven gates lead to the Sultan's palace, and one hundred guards and one hundred Kafar scribes sit in the gate. Some write down who goes to the palace, others who goes out. Foreigners are not allowed into the palace. And the Sultan's palace is very beautiful, there are carvings and gold on the walls, the last stone - and that one is very beautifully painted in carvings and gold. Yes, in the palace of the Sultan, the vessels are different.
At night, the city of Bidar is guarded by a thousand guards under the command of a kuttawala, on horseback and in armor, and each has a torch in their hands.
I sold my stallion in Bidar. I spent sixty-eight futuns on him, fed him for a year. In Bidar, snakes crawl along the streets, two fathoms long. I returned to Bidar from Kulongiri to Filippov Post, and sold my stallion for Christmas.
And I lived here, in Bidar, until Lent and met many Hindus. I revealed my faith to them, said that I was not a Besermenian, but a Christian (of the faith of Jesus), and my name was Athanasius, and the Besermenian name was Khoja Yusuf Khorasani. And the Hindus did not hide anything from me, neither about their food, nor about trade, nor about prayers, nor about other things, and they did not hide their wives in the house. I asked them about faith, and they told me: we believe in Adam, and the butes, they say, are Adam and all his family. And all the faiths in India are eighty and four faiths, and all believe in buta. And people of different faiths do not drink with each other, do not eat, do not marry. Some of them eat mutton, and chickens, and fish, and eggs, but no one eats beef.
I stayed in Bidar for four months and agreed with the Hindus to go to Parvat, where they have a butkhana - that is their Jerusalem, the same as Mecca for the besermen. I walked with the Indians to Butkhana for a month. And that butkhana has a fair that lasts five days. Great butkhana, half of Tver, made of stone, but the deeds of buta are carved in stone. Twelve crowns are carved around the butkhana - how the butt performed miracles, how it appeared in different images: the first - in the form of a man, the second - a man, but with an elephant trunk, the third man, and the face of a monkey, the fourth - half a man, half a fierce beast, all appeared with tail. And it is carved on a stone, and the tail is about a fathom, thrown over it.
The whole country of India comes to that buthana for the festival of buta. Yes, old and young, women and girls, shave at the buthana. And they shave off all their hair, and shave their beards and heads. And they go to the booth. From each head they take two sheshkenis for buta, and from horses - four feet. And all the people come to the butkhana (twenty thousand lakhs, and sometimes a hundred thousand lakhs).
In the butkhan, the boot is cut out of a black stone, huge, and its tail is thrown over it, and he raised his right hand high and stretched it out like Justinian, the king of Constantinople, and in the left hand of the boot there is a spear. He is not wearing anything, only his thighs are wrapped in a bandage, and the face of a monkey. And some butovs are completely naked, they don’t wear anything (shame is not covered), and the butov’s wives are cut out naked, with shame and with children. And in front of the boot - a huge bull, carved from black stone and all gilded. And they kiss him on the hoof, and sprinkle flowers on him. And flowers are poured on the buta.
Hindus do not eat any meat, neither beef, nor mutton, nor chicken, nor fish, nor pork, although they have a lot of pigs. They eat twice during the day, but they don’t eat at night, and they don’t drink wine or satiety. And they don’t drink with besermen, they don’t eat. And their food is bad. And they don’t drink with each other, they don’t eat, even with their wife. And they eat rice, and khichri with butter, and they eat various herbs, but they cook them with butter and milk, and they eat everything with their right hand, but they don’t take anything with their left. Knife and spoon do not know. And on the way, to cook porridge, everyone wears a bowler hat. And they turn away from the besermen: one of them would not look into the bowler hat or at the food. And if a besermenin looks, they don’t eat that food. Therefore, they eat, covering themselves with a scarf so that no one sees.
And they pray to the east, like Russians. Both hands will be raised high and placed on the crown of the head, but they will lie prostrate on the ground, all will stretch out on the ground - then their bows. And there they sit down - they wash their hands, but their legs, and rinse their mouths. Their buthans are without doors, facing east, and butts face east. And whoever dies among them, those are burned and the ashes are poured into the river. And when the child is born, the husband takes over, and the father gives the name to the son, and the mother gives the daughter. They have no kindness, and they do not know shame. And when someone comes or leaves, he bows like a monk, touches the ground with both hands, and everything is silent. In Parvat, to their butu, they go to Great Lent. Here is their Jerusalem; what is Mecca for the bezermen, Jerusalem for the Russians, then Parvat for the Hindus. And all the naked people come together, only a bandage on their hips, and the women are all naked, only a veil on their hips, while others are all in veils, and there are a lot of pearls on their necks, yes yachts, and gold bracelets and rings on their hands. (By God!) And inside, to the butkhana, they ride on bulls, the horns of each bull are bound with copper, and on the neck there are three hundred bells and hooves are shod with copper. And they call bulls acce.
Hindus call the bull the father, and the cow the mother. On the hindrance they bake bread and cook dishes, and make marks on the face, on the forehead and all over the body with that ashes. On Sunday and Monday they eat once a day. In India, there are a lot of walking women, and therefore they are cheap: if you have a close relationship with her, give two inhabitants; if you want to waste your money, give six inhabitants. good, 6 pounds - good and black, black-black amchuk small, good).
From Parvat I arrived in Bidar in fifteen days of pre-Sermen ulu bayram. And when Easter, the feast of the resurrection of Christ, I do not know; according to signs, I guess, Easter comes earlier than the Besermen bayram by nine or ten days. And with me there is nothing, not a single book; I took the books with me in Russia, but when they robbed me, the books disappeared, and I could not keep the rites of the Christian faith. Christian holidays - neither Easter nor Christmas - I do not observe, I do not fast on Wednesdays and Fridays. And living among the non-believers (I pray to God, may he save me: “Lord God, true God, you are a god, a great God, a merciful God, a merciful God, you are the most merciful and most merciful, Lord God). God is one, then the king of glory, the creator of heaven and earth.
And I’m going to Russia (with a thought: my faith has perished, I fasted with a Besermen fast). The month of March passed, I began fasting with besermen on Sunday, I fasted for a month, I didn’t eat meat, I didn’t take any Besermen food, but I ate bread and water twice a day (I didn’t go to bed with a woman). And I prayed to Christ the Almighty, who created heaven and earth, and called no other god by name. (Lord God, God is merciful, God is merciful, God is the Lord, God is great), God is the king of glory (God is the builder, God is all-merciful, it's all you, oh Lord).
From Ormuz by sea to Kalhat ten days, and from Kalhat to Deg six days and from Deg to Muscat six days, and from Muscat to Gujarat ten days, from Gujarat to Cambay four days, and from Cambay to Chaul twelve days, and from Chaul six days to Dabhol. Dabhol, in Hindustan, is the last Besermen pier. And from Dabhol to Kozhikode twenty-five days' journey, and from Kozhikode to Ceylon fifteen days, and from Ceylon to Shabbat a month to go, and from Shabbat to Pegu twenty days, and from Pegu to South China a month to go - by sea all the way. And from South China to North China it is six months by land, and four days by sea. (May God give me a roof over my head.)
Hormuz is a large marina, people from all over the world come here, there is every kind of goods; what is born in the whole world, everything is in Hormuz. The duty is large: they take a tenth of every product.
Cambay is the harbor of the entire Indian Sea. They make halaches and motleys, and kindyaks for sale here, and they make blue paint here, so that varnish, and carnelian, and salt will be born here. Dabhol is also a very large pier, horses are brought here from Egypt, from Arabia, from Khorasan, from Turkestan, from Band-der-Ormuz; from here they go by land to Bidar and to Gul-barga for a month.
And Kozhikode is the harbor of the entire Indian Sea. God forbid any ship to pass by it: whoever misses it will not pass safely further along the sea. And pepper will be born there, and ginger, and nutmeg flowers, and nutmeg, and kalanfur-cinnamon, and cloves, spicy roots, and adryak, and there will be many roots born there. And everything is cheap. (And slaves and slaves are numerous, good and black.)
And Ceylon is a considerable marina on the Indian Sea, and there on a high mountain lies the forefather Adam. And near the mountain precious stones are mined: rubies, fatises, agates, binchai, crystal, and sumbadu. Elephants are born there, and they are given a price according to their height, and a carnation is sold by weight. And the Shabbat pier on the Indian Sea is very large. Khorasans are paid there a salary of tenk a day, both large and small. And a Khorasanian marries, the prince of Shabat gives him a thousand teneks for a sacrifice, and a salary of fifty teneks every month. On Shabbat, silk, sandalwood, and pearls will be born - and everything is cheap.
And Pegu, too, has a considerable marina. Indian dervishes live there, and precious stones are born there: manik, yes yahont, and kirpuk, and the dervishes sell those stones. The Chinese pier is very large. They make porcelain there and sell it by weight, cheaply. And their wives sleep with their husbands during the day, and at night they go to visit strangers and sleep with them, and they give money to the strangers for maintenance, and bring sweet food with them, and sweet wine, and feed and water the merchants, so that they are loved, and they love merchants, white people, because the people of their country are very black. And if a wife conceives a child from a merchant, then the husband gives the merchant money for maintenance. And a white child is born, then the merchant is paid three hundred teneks, and a black child is born, then the merchant is not paid anything, and what he drank and ate, then (for free according to their custom). Shabbat is three months away from Bidar; and from Dabhol to Shabat - two months by sea, and to South China from Bidar four months by sea, they make porcelain there, but everything is cheap.
And it takes two months to go to Ceylon by sea, and a month to go to Kozhikode.
On Shabbat, silk will be born, and inchi - pitched pearls, and sandalwood; Elephants are priced according to their height. In Ceylon, ammons, rubies, fatis, crystal, and agates will be born. Pepper, nutmeg, cloves, fufal fruit, and nutmeg flowers will be born in Kozhikode. Paint and varnish will be born in Gujarat, and carnelian in Cambay. In Raichur, diamonds will be born (of the old mine and the new mine). A diamond is sold for five rubles a kidney, and a very good diamond is sold for ten rubles. A kidney of a diamond of a new mine (five kenis each, a black diamond - four - six kenis, and a white diamond - one tenka). Diamonds are born in a stone mountain, and they pay for a cubit of that stone mountain: two thousand pounds of gold for the new mine, and ten thousand pounds for the old mine. Melik Khan owns that land and serves the Sultan. And from Bidar thirty kovs.
And that the Jews say that the inhabitants of Shabbat are of their faith, it is not true: they are not Jews, they are not besermen, they are not Christians, they have a different faith, Indian, they don’t drink with Jews or besermen, they don’t eat and they don’t eat any meat. Everything on Shabbat is cheap. Silk and sugar will be born there, and everything is very cheap. Mamons and monkeys walk through the forest, and they attack people along the roads, so because of the mamon and monkeys they don’t dare to drive on the roads at night.
From Shabbat ten months on dry land, and four months by sea. The navels of domestic deer are cut - musk is born in them, and wild deer drop their navels across the field and through the forest, but they lose their smell, and even that musk is not fresh.
On the first day of the month of May, I celebrated Easter in Hindustan, in Besermen Bidar, and the Besermen celebrated Bayram in the middle of the month; and I began to fast on the first day of the month of April. O faithful Russian Christians! Whoever swims in many lands, gets into many troubles and loses the Christian faith. But I, the servant of God Athanasius, suffered for the Christian faith. Four Great Fasts have already passed and four Paschas have passed, but I, a sinner, do not know when Easter or fasting is, I do not observe the Nativity of Christ, I do not observe other holidays, nor Wednesdays, nor Fridays: I have no books. When they robbed me, they took my books. And I went to India from many troubles, because I had nothing to go to Russia with, I didn’t have any goods left. I celebrated the first Easter in Kain, and another Easter in Chapakur in the Mazandaran land, the third Easter in Hormuz, the fourth Easter in India, among the bezermen, in Bidar, and here I grieved a lot because of the Christian faith.
Besermenin Melik strongly urged me to accept the Besermenian faith. I told him: “Sir! You pray (you perform and I also pray. You pray five times, I - three times. I am a stranger, and you are local). He said to me: “It is truly clear that you are not a Besermenian, but you also do not observe Christian customs.” And I thought hard, and said to myself: “Woe to me, the accursed one, I have strayed from the true path and no longer know which path I will follow. Lord God Almighty, Creator of heaven and earth! Do not turn your face away from your servant, for I am in sorrow. God! Look after me and have mercy on me, for I am your creation; Lord, do not let me turn from the true path, guide me, Lord, on the right path, for in need I was not virtuous before you, my Lord God, I lived all my days in evil. My Lord (protector god, you, God, merciful Lord, merciful Lord, merciful and merciful. Praise be to God). Four Easters have already passed since I was in the land of Besermen, but I have not abandoned Christianity. Then God knows what will happen. Lord my God, I trusted in you, save me, Lord my God.
In Bidar the Great, in Besermen India, on the Great Night of the Great Day, I watched how the Pleiades and Orion entered the dawn, and the Big Dipper stood with her head to the east. The sultan made a solemn departure for Bayram of Besermen: with him twenty great viziers left and three hundred elephants dressed in damask armor, with turrets, and the turrets were chained. In the turrets there are six people in armor with cannons and squeakers, and on large elephants there are twelve people. And on each elephant there are two large banners, and large swords weighing a centar are tied to the tusks, and huge iron weights are around the neck. And between the ears sits a man in armor with a large iron hook - he directs the elephant with it. Yes, a thousand riding horses in golden harness, and a hundred camels with drums, and three hundred trumpeters, and three hundred dancers, and three hundred concubines. On the sultan, the caftan is all covered with yakhonts, and a hat with a huge diamond, and a golden saadak with yakhonts, and three sabers on it are all in gold, and a golden saddle, and a golden harness, all in gold. In front of him, a kafir runs skipping, leads with a guard, and behind him there are many footmen. Behind comes an evil elephant, all dressed up in damask, drives people away, a large iron chain in his trunk, drives away horses and people with it, so that they do not come close to the Sultan. And the brother of the Sultan sits on a golden stretcher, above him is a velvet canopy, and a dome is golden with yakhonts, and twenty people carry him.
And the makhdum sits on a golden stretcher, and the canopy over it is silk with a golden dome, and four horses in a golden harness are carrying him. Yes, there are a great many people around him, and there are many singers and dancers in front of him; and all with drawn swords and sabers, with shields, darts and spears, with large straight bows. And the horses are all in armor, with saadaks. And the rest of the people are all naked, only a bandage on the hips, the shame is covered.
In Bidar the moon is full for three days. There is no sweet vegetable in Bidar. There is no great heat in Hindustan. It is very hot in Hormuz and Bahrain, where pearls are born, and in Jeddah, and in Baku, and in Egypt, and in Arabia, and in Lara. But it is hot in the Khorasan land, but not so. It is very hot in Chagotai. In Shiraz, yes in Yazd, yes in Kashan it is hot, but there is wind there. And in Gilan it is very stuffy and soars strongly, but in Shamakhi it soars strongly; it's hot in Baghdad, but it's hot in Khums and Damascus, but not so hot in Aleppo.
In the Sivas district and in the Georgian land, everything is in abundance. And the Turkish land is rich in everything. And the Moldavian land is plentiful, and everything edible is cheap there. Yes, and Podolsk land is plentiful for everyone. And Russia (God save it! God save it! Lord save it! There is no country like it in this world, although the emirs of the Russian land are unjust. May the Russian land be organized and justice be in it! God, God, God, God !). Oh my God! I trusted in you, save me, Lord! I don’t know the way - where should I go from Hindustan: go to Hormuz - there is no way from Hormuz to Khorasan, and there is no way to Chagotai, no way to Baghdad, no way to Bahrain, no way to Yazd, no way to Arabia . Everywhere the strife of the princes beat out. Mirza Jehan Shah was killed by Uzun Hasan-bek, and Sultan Abu-Said was poisoned, Uzun Hasan-bek subjugated Shiraz, but that land did not recognize him, and Mohammed Yadigar does not go to him: he is afraid. And there is no other way. To go to Mecca means to accept the Besermenian faith. Therefore, for the sake of faith, Christians do not go to Mecca: there they convert to the Besermenian faith. And to live in Hindustan means to spend absolutely everything, because here everything is expensive for them: I am a man alone, and I go for grub at two and a half altyns a day, although I did not drink wine or be full. Melik-at-Tujar took two Indian cities that robbed the Indian Sea. He captured seven princes and took their treasury: a pack of yachts, a pack of diamonds, and rubies, and a hundred packs of expensive goods, and his army took without number other goods. He stood under the city for two years, and the army with him was two hundred thousand, and a hundred elephants, and three hundred camels. Melik-at-tujar returned to Bidar with his army for Kurban Bayram, and in our opinion - on Peter's Day. And the Sultan sent ten viziers to meet him for ten koves, and in a kove - ten versts, and with each vizier he sent ten thousand of his rati and ten elephants in armor,
At the melik-at-tujar, five hundred people sit down to eat every day. Three viziers sit down with him for a meal, and with each vizier fifty people, and even a hundred of his fellow boyars. In the stable at the melik-at-tujar, two thousand horses and a thousand saddled horses are kept ready day and night, and a hundred elephants are in the stable. And every night his palace is guarded by a hundred people in armor, and twenty trumpeters, and ten people with drums, and ten large tambourines - they beat two people each. Nizam-al-mulk, Melik-khan and Fathulla-khan took three large cities. And the army with them was one hundred thousand people and fifty elephants. And they captured yachts without number, and many other precious stones. And all those stones, yes yachts, and diamonds were bought up on behalf of melik-at-tujar, and he forbade the craftsmen to sell them to merchants who came to Bidar on the Assumption.
The Sultan goes for a walk on Thursday and Tuesday, and three viziers go out with him. The Sultan's brother is leaving on Monday with his mother and sister. And two thousand wives ride out on horses and on gilded stretchers, and in front of them are a hundred riding horses in golden armor. Yes, there are many footmen, and two viziers and ten vizirins, and fifty elephants in cloth blankets. And on the elephants sit four naked people, only a bandage on the hips. And the walking wives are naked, they carry water behind them - to drink and wash, but one does not drink water from the other.
Melik-at-tujar with his army set out from the city of Bidar against the Hindus on the day of memory of Sheikh Alaeddin, and in our opinion - on the Protection of the Holy Mother of God, and the rati came out with him fifty thousand, and the sultan sent his rati fifty thousand, but went with them three viziers and with them thirty thousand more soldiers. And they went with them one hundred elephants in armor and with turrets, and on each elephant four people with squeakers. Melik-at-Tujar went to conquer Vijayanagar - the great Indian principality. And the prince of Vijayanagara has three hundred elephants and one hundred thousand armies, and he has fifty thousand horses.
The Sultan set out from the city of Bidar in the eighth month after Easter. Twenty-six viziers left with him - twenty Besermen viziers and six Indian viziers. One hundred thousand horsemen, two hundred thousand footmen, three hundred elephants in armor and with turrets, and one hundred fierce animals on double chains came out with the Sultan of the court of his rati. And with the Sultan's brother came out of his court one hundred thousand cavalry, and one hundred thousand foot, and one hundred elephants in armor.
And with Mal Khan came out of his court twenty thousand cavalry, sixty thousand foot, and twenty elephants in armor. And with Beder Khan and his brother thirty thousand cavalry, and one hundred thousand on foot, and twenty-five elephants, in armor and with turrets, came out. And with Sul-Khan came out of his court ten thousand cavalry, and twenty thousand foot, and ten elephants with turrets. And with Vezir Khan came out fifteen thousand horsemen, and thirty thousand on foot, and fifteen elephants in armor. And with Kutuval Khan came out of his court fifteen thousand cavalry, and forty thousand foot, and ten elephants. And with each vizier came out ten thousand, and with some fifteen thousand horsemen, and twenty thousand on foot.
With the prince of Vijayanagara, his army went out forty thousand cavalry, and on foot one hundred thousand and forty elephants, dressed in armor, and on them four people with squeakers.
And twenty-six viziers went out with the sultan, and with each vizier ten thousand cavalry rati, and twenty thousand foot soldiers, and with another vizier fifteen thousand horsemen and thirty thousand foot soldiers. And there were four great Indian viziers, and with them forty thousand horsemen and one hundred thousand foot soldiers came out. And the sultan was angry with the Indians that few people went out with them, and added another twenty thousand on foot, and two thousand horseback, and twenty elephants. Such is the power of the Sultan of India, Besermen. (Muhammed's faith is good.) And the rise of the day is badly donot - and God knows the right faith. And the right faith is to know the one God and call on his name in every clean place in purity.
On the fifth Easter I decided to go to Russia. He left Bidar a month before the Besermen ulu bayram (according to the faith of Muhammad, the messenger of God). And when Easter, the resurrection of Christ, I don’t know, I fasted with the Bezermen during their fast, I broke the fast with them, and celebrated Easter in Gulbarga, from Bidar in ten koves.
The Sultan came to Gulbarga with a melik-at-tujar and with his army on the fifteenth day after ulu bayram. They did not succeed in the war - they took one Indian city, and many people died from them and the treasury spent a lot.
And the Indian Grand Duke is powerful and has many ratis. His fortress is on a mountain, and his capital city Vijayanagar is very large. Three ditches near the city, and the river flows through it. On one side of the city there is dense jungle, and on the other side the valley is suitable - an amazing place, suitable for everything. That side is not passable - the path through the city goes; the city cannot be taken from any direction: the mountain there is huge and the thicket is evil, prickly. The army stood under the city for a month, and people died of thirst, and a lot of people died of hunger and thirst. They looked at the water, but do not approach it.
Khoja Melik-at-Tujar took another Indian city, took it by force, fought with the city day and night, for twenty days the army neither drank nor ate, stood under the city with cannons. And his army killed five thousand of the best warriors. And he took the city - they massacred twenty thousand males and females, and twenty thousand - both adults and small ones - were taken prisoner. Prisoners were sold for ten teneks per head, and others for five, and children for two teneks. The treasury was not taken at all. And he did not take the capital city.
From Gulbarga I went to Kallur. Carnelian is born in Kallur, and here it is processed, and from here it is transported all over the world. Three hundred diamond-cutters live in Kallur (weapons are decorated). I stayed here for five months and went from there to Koilkonda. There is a very big market there. And from there he went to Gulbarga, and from Gulbarga to Aland. And from Aland he went to Amendriye, and from Amendriye to Naryas, and from Naryas to Suri, and from Suri he went to Dabhol, the pier of the Indian Sea.
The big city of Dabhol - they come here from both the Indian and Ethiopian coasts. Here I, the accursed Athanasius, the slave of the God on high, the creator of heaven and earth, thought about the Christian faith, and about Christ's baptism, about the fasts arranged by the holy fathers, about the commandments of the apostles, and rushed to Russia with my thought. He went up to the tava and agreed on the payment of the ship - from his head to Hormuz-city he gave two gold pieces. I sailed on a ship from Dabhol-grad to the Besermen post, three months before Easter.
I sailed in Tava across the sea for a whole month, not seeing anything. And the next month I saw the Ethiopian mountains, and all the people cried out: “Ollo pervodiger, ollo konkar, bizim bashi mudna nasin bolmyshti”, and in Russian it means: “God, Lord, God, God above, the king of heaven, here he judged us you perish!"
We were in that Ethiopian land for five days. By the grace of God, no evil happened. They distributed a lot of rice, and pepper, and bread to the Ethiopians. And they did not rob the ship.
And from there they went twelve days to Muscat. In Muscat I met the sixth Easter. He sailed nine days to Hormuz, and twenty days in Hormuz. And from Ormuz he went to Lar, and he was in Lar for three days. From Lar to Shiraz it was twelve days, and in Shiraz it was seven days. From Shiraz I went to Eberka, walked for fifteen days, and it was ten days to Eberka. From Eberku to Yazd it was nine days, and in Yazd it was eight days. And from Yazd he went to Isfahan, walked five days, and was in Isfahan six days. And from Isfahan I went to Kashan, and I stayed in Kashan for five days. And from Kashan I went to Qom, and from Qom to Save. And from Save he went to Soltania, and from Soltania he went to Tabriz, and from Tabriz he went to the headquarters of Uzun Hasan-bek. He was at headquarters for ten days, because there was no way to go anywhere. Uzun Hasan-bek sent forty thousand ratis to the Turkish sultan. They took Sivas. And Tokat was taken and burned, and Amasia was taken, but many villages were plundered, and they went to war against the Karaman ruler.
And from the headquarters of Uzun Hasan-bek I went to Erzinjan, and from Erzinjan I went to Trabzon.
In Trabzon, he came to the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God and Ever-Virgin Mary and stayed in Trabzon for five days. I came to the ship and agreed on a payment - to give gold from my head to Kafa, and I borrowed gold for grub - to give it to the Cafe.
And in that Trabzon, subashis and pashas did me a lot of harm. Everyone ordered my goods to be brought to their fortress, up the mountain, but they searched everything. And what was the little things good - they robbed everything. And they were looking for letters, because I was coming from the headquarters of Uzup Hasan-bek.
By the grace of God, I reached the third sea - the Black Sea, which in Persian is Daria Istanbulskaya. With a fair wind, we traveled by sea for ten days and reached Bona, and then a strong north wind met us and drove the ship back to Trabzon. Because of the strong wind, we stood fifteen days in Platana. From Platana we went out to sea twice, but the wind blew towards us, angry, did not allow us to go by sea. (True God, patron God!) Besides him, I don't know any other god.
We crossed the sea, but brought us to Balaklava, and from there we went to Gurzuf, and we stood there for five days. By the grace of God I came to Kafa nine days before Philippov's fast. (God is the creator!)
By the grace of God I have crossed three seas. (God knows the rest, the patron god knows.) Amen! (In the name of the merciful, merciful Lord. The Lord is great, good God, good Lord. Jesus is the spirit of God, peace be with you. God is great. There is no god but the Lord. He is a god, besides whom there is no god, knowing everything secret and obvious. He is merciful, merciful. He has no one like him. There is no god but the Lord. He is king, holiness, peace, guardian, estimating good and evil, omnipotent, healing, exalting , creator, creator, depicter, he is the resolver of sins, the punisher, resolving all difficulties, nourishing, victorious, omniscient, punishing, correcting, preserving, elevating, forgiving, overthrowing, all-hearing, all-seeing, right, just, good.)
