Monument to Joan of Arc in Domremy-la-Pucelle Joan of Arc, the famous Maid of Orleans, was born into an ordinary poor peasant family in the town of Domremy. This happened in 1412 - on Christmas night, January 6th. There is a legend that in Domremi, at dawn, roosters woke up the villagers with an unusual, amazing cry, announcing new joy. However, this is just [...]
- the famous Maid of Orleans - was born into an ordinary poor peasant family, in the town of Domremy. This happened in 1412 - on Christmas night, January 6th. There is a legend that in Domremi, at dawn, roosters woke up the villagers with an unusual, amazing cry, announcing new joy. However, this is just a legend - there are no documentary chronicles of such an event.
Zhanna lived with her parents and two brothers. The Hundred Years' War was going on. Times were hard for France. The rightful heir to the throne is the Dauphin Charles VII- the future king - was removed from power. The ruler of France under the Treaty of Troyes became Henry V- English king. In fact, the French state was annexing England. The queen was secretly accused of this Isabella of Bavaria. A prophecy spread among the people, promising: if a woman destroyed France, then the Virgin would save her.
According to the recollections of Zhanna herself, at the age of 12 she had a vision. A shining cloud appeared, from which the voice of the King of Heaven was heard. He called her the chosen one and ordered her to act - to go and lift the siege from the city of Orleans. Voices began to appear to Zhanna every day. She was visited by visions of saints - Archangel Michael, Catherine and Margaret.
On March 6, 1429, a young girl in a man's dress came to the castle of Chinon and sought an audience with Charles VII. She managed to convince the Dauphin, and she was entrusted with a military detachment. This detachment under her leadership inflicted several crushing blows on the British. The siege was lifted. It took Jeanne's detachment nine days to liberate Orleans. The date of liberation of the city is considered to be 05/08/1429. In Orleans, this day has been dedicated to Joan of Arc for many centuries.
Napoleon Bonaparte, who had an excellent understanding of battle strategies, recognized that Joan was a military genius.
After the siege of Orleans was lifted, disputes began in the Royal Council. Jeanne convinced everyone of the need to march on Reims for the coronation of Charles VII. This would be a de facto declaration of French independence. The courtiers objected, but Jeanne managed to convince the Council. The campaign was successful, the liberation of Troyes decided the outcome of the company. The army of the Maid of Orleans covered three hundred kilometers in three weeks.
Joan of Arc at the coronation of Charles VII (Dominique Ingres, 1780-1867)
The coronation took place at Reims Cathedral on July 17. Jeanne was also present there with a military banner in her hands.
In August, the royal army tried to take Paris but was defeated. The newly made king behaved strangely. Instead of another offensive, he concluded a truce with the Burgundians. On January 21, 1930, the army was disbanded. Jeanne's squad continued to fight, but began to suffer defeats - one after another. While trying to liberate Compiegne, on May 23, 1430, the detachment was captured by the Burgundians during a sortie. Six months later they handed Jeanne over to the British. All this time she was waiting for help from the French government - but in vain.
So Jeanne ended up in English captivity. She was eighteen years old. There were rumors that the girl was betrayed by those close to Charles VII, for whom she fought.
The tower in Rouen where Joan of Arc was imprisoned.
In Rouen she was kept in a cage in the basement of the Bouvreuil Castle, then transferred to a cell. She was kept there, chained to the wall. The trial began in January 1431. The Inquisition brought charges against Joan of Arc on twelve counts. In the life of the Maid of Orleans, a struggle began with new weapons and other opponents. 132 members of the tribunal spoke out against her. Every day she was asked dozens of questions. She was accused of wearing a man's dress, and of visions - allegedly of the devil, and of seducing the king. The main accusation was her refusal to submit to the mainstream church.
In Paris, at the same time, Henry VI was declared monarch of France and England. Therefore, the court in Rouen had to prove that Charles VII was elevated to the throne by an unholy heretic and witch.
Still, they decided to refuse torture. For Jeanne, they came up with and wrote down a “formula” of renunciation - refusal to wear men’s clothing and prophetic visions. Under pain of death, the girl signed a protocol of renunciation. She was sentenced to life imprisonment, transferred to the old cell and again shackled. Later, in prison, she was given a man's dress. It was a provocation.
Perhaps Jeanne was forced to put on this costume again, or maybe she did it voluntarily - but in the eyes of the churchmen this meant a return to heresy. After this, Jeanne declared that she was renouncing her renunciation, that she was ashamed of her apostasy and betrayal of her own ideals.
The tribunal signed the decision to extradite her to secular authorities.
In 1431, at dawn on May 30, Joan of Arc, dressed in a long dress and cap, was taken out of prison and put into a carriage.
The fire in Rouen's market square burned for several hours. When it was finally over, Jeanne's executioner came to the Dominican monastery. He repented and cried. The executioner said that Jeanne’s heart did not burn even after he collected coals around it several times. Then he put everything that was left in the bag and threw Jeanne's heart into the Seine.
Twenty-five years later a new trial took place. It heard 115 witnesses. Zhanna was rehabilitated and was recognized as a national heroine. In 1920, the Roman Church declared Joan a saint. Her mission to save France was recognized as true.
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In May, back in 1431, the national heroine of France, Joan of Arc, was burned alive. She was the commander-in-chief of the French army during the Hundred Years' War. Since then, her image has become very popular. Books were written about Jeanne, songs were composed and paintings were created. We also could not ignore this great woman...
Merlin's Prophecy
Jeanne d'Arc was born in one of the villages of France in 1412. She was raised in a family of peasants. According to some reports, her parents were very wealthy people. Jeanne also had a sister and three brothers.
Since childhood she was called Jeanette. Initially, she was very religious and always obeyed her father and mother unquestioningly. They say she was a fairly educated girl. Jeanne knew geography very well, successfully threw spears and generally knew how to behave at court.
The childhood of this legendary woman was in the so-called. Hundred Years' War. The northern regions of the state recognized the English monarch Henry VI as their ruler. And the southern part is Charles VII. He was considered the illegitimate son of King Charles VI. And that is why he could claim the crown of France solely as the Dauphin, and not at all the rightful heir to the throne.
In addition, a legend was passed down from generation to generation that only a virgin could save the country. According to legend, this prophecy was made by the legendary wizard Merlin. By this time, Jeanne d'Arc had long referred to herself as “Joan of the Virgin.”
Jeanne's Revelations
When Jeanne was thirteen years old, according to her, she began to hear some voices that called on the girl to save the country, namely to lift the blockade of Orleans, elevate the illegitimate king to the throne and ultimately finally expel the English from France. Over time, Jeanette finally convinced herself that she was called upon to help the country and people.
At the age of seventeen, she left her parents' home and went to a neighboring area. There was only one purpose for this visit - she wanted to inform the captain of the royal troops, Robert Baudricourt, about her mission - to save the country.
The brave warrior ridiculed her and sent her home. Nevertheless, after some time, Zhanna returned to the captain again with the same words. The girl was too persistent, and the captain finally helped her negotiate an audience with the Dauphin.
Sword of Charlemagne
In the early spring of 1429, Joan of Arc, whose (brief) biography became the subject of our review, went to the Dauphin, who decided to give her a serious test. When she appeared in the palace, he placed a completely different person on the throne, and he himself stood in the crowd of courtiers. Jeanette managed to pass this test, because she recognized the king.
Then the matrons checked her for virginity, and the messengers found out all the possible information about her in her area. As a result, the Dauphin not only decided to entrust his army to her, but also agreed to an army operation to liberate besieged Orleans.
The leader of the army was allowed to wear men's clothing and, accordingly, special armor was made. She was also presented with a banner. In addition, she was given the sword of Charlemagne himself, which was kept in one of the French churches.
Lifting the blockade of Orleans
Jeanne with combat troops went to Orleans. The French warriors, who already knew that the army was led by a messenger of God, were ready to fight.
As a result, in just four days the soldiers liberated the city. The Hundred Years' War was coming to an end. The siege of Orleans was lifted. This turned out to be a real event, which ultimately determined the outcome of this protracted war.
In addition, the French soldiers finally believed in the chosenness of their leader and from then on began to call her the Maid of Orleans. By the way, every year, on the eighth of May, the population of the city celebrates this day as the main holiday.
Meanwhile, Joan's army set off on a new campaign. The army acted with enviable speed and determination. As a result, the combat units took Jargeau, and a couple of days later a decisive battle took place with the British army. The French side completely defeated the invaders.
Bloodless campaign and coronation of the Dauphin
Jeanne's next campaign is called "bloodless" in history. Her army approached Reims. French monarchs are traditionally crowned in this city. On the way to Reims, the cities opened their gates to the army of the chosen one of God.
As a result, in the middle of the summer of 1429, the Dauphin was officially crowned, and Jeanette was honored as the liberator of the country. In addition, as a sign of gratitude and recognition of her services, Charles decided to give her and all her relatives a noble title.
After the ceremonial events, Jeanne Darc (a brief biography of this woman is in every history reference book) tried to convince the king to launch an attack on the French capital, which by this time was occupied by the British. Unfortunately, the assault on Paris was extremely unsuccessful. The commander-in-chief was wounded, the offensive was stopped, and the military units were disbanded.
Betrayal
Nevertheless, hostilities resumed again. This was in the spring of 1430. The leader of the army walked towards Paris, and along the way an important message arrived: the British had besieged the city of Compiegne, and its inhabitants asked for her help. And then Jeanne’s army decided to go to the besieged city.
At the end of May, as a result of betrayal, the commander-in-chief was captured. During the battle, Jeanne broke through to the gates of Compiegne, but the bridge was raised, and this cut off her escape route.
Having learned that Jeanne Darc (a short and tragic biography is outlined in our article) was captured, Karl did not take any action to free her. As a result, the prisoner was sold to the British. She was transported to Rouen, where one of the most ridiculous trials in history began...
Massacre
The trial of Jeanne began in the middle of winter 1431. The British government did not hide its involvement in the case and paid all legal costs.
The unfortunate girl was accused not only of witchcraft, but also of wearing a man's suit, etc.
Twice Jeanne Darc (a brief biography describes this episode from her life) tried to escape from prison. The consequences of the last escape were very disastrous for her. The girl almost died after jumping from the top floor. Later, the judge regarded this fact of flight as a mortal sin - suicide.
As a result, she was sentenced to death.
After the verdict, she turned to the Pope, but while the answer was coming from him, Jeanne was burned at the stake. It was May 30, 1431. The ashes of the unfortunate woman were scattered over the Seine.
Many did not want to believe in the death of the Maid of Orleans. Rumors spread that she was alive and had been rescued. Instead of Jeanne, another woman was burned at the stake, and d’Arc herself left France and got married. According to another version, the savior of France was the half-sister of Charles VII and escaped burning due to her high origin...
Rehabilitation
The trial of Jeanne and her brutal execution did not help the invaders at all. Thanks to her brilliant victories in the war, the British were unable to recover. In 1453, French units conquered Bordeaux, and some time later the Battle of Castillon finally put an end to this unbearable war that lasted a century.
When the battles died down, Charles VII initiated the process of acquitting the Maid of Orleans. The judges studied all kinds of documents, witnesses were interviewed. As a result, the court recognized that Jeanne’s execution was completely illegal. And a few centuries later she was canonized. This happened in 1920.
Memory
In addition to the traditional national day in honor of Joan - May 8 - an unnamed asteroid, which was discovered in the nineteenth century, was named after her. In the 70s, the so-called appeared. Joan of Arc Center. This institution contains all the documents that relate to her life and activities.
Of course, the story of Joan of Arc did not leave cinema indifferent. About 90 films were released about her.
Joan of Arc, whose film was first made back in 1908, is a true heroine. Even after many years, she remains on the brightest pages of history. Modern cinema also knows who Jeanne Arc is. Luc Besson's film "Joan of Arc" (1999) became one of the brightest and most notable. The main role was then played by the brilliant Milla Jovovich...
Jeanne d'Arc (January 6, 1412, Domremy - May 30, 1431, Rouen), folk heroine of France.
Visions.
Zhanna was born into a peasant family. Her childhood occurred during the difficult period of the Hundred Years' War for France: according to the Treaty of Troyes (May 21, 1420), King Henry V of England became the heir to the French throne and ruler of France, and the legal heir, the Dauphin, the future King Charles VII, was removed from succession to the throne, which in fact meant the annexation of France to England. Rumor accused the Queen of France, Isabella of Bavaria, of being the initiator of this treaty; A prophecy spread throughout the country: “A woman destroyed France, a maiden will save her.” Around 1424, Jeanne began to have visions: Saint Michael the Archangel, Saints Catherine and Margaret appeared to her, convincing Jeanne to go to the legitimate king Charles VII, who was in the unoccupied British south of France, and save the country.
Jeanne's mission.
On March 6, 1429, Jeanne arrived at the castle of Chinon, where Charles VII was, and told him that her “voices” told her: she had been chosen by God to lift the siege of Orleans, which blocked the English way to the south, and then bring the king to Reims, site of the coronation of French kings. In the popular consciousness, the act of anointing performed there alone made the monarch a legitimate sovereign. Jeanne managed to convince Charles, and he sent her with an army to Orleans. By the time she arrived in this city (April 29, 1429), rumor had already claimed that she was the maiden who would save France. This inspired the army, and as a result of a series of battles in which Joan herself took part, the siege was lifted on May 8, 1429. The lifting of the siege and the subsequent series of victories by the French troops convinced the French that God considered their cause just and was helping them. The subsequent campaign against Reims turned into a triumphal procession of the royal army. On July 17, Charles VII was crowned in Reims, and during the solemn act, Joan held the banner over him. In August 1429, the French began to advance on Paris, which was occupied by the British.
The attempt to take it was unsuccessful, and despite Jeanne's insistence, the royal troops retreated. In the autumn - winter of 1429 and spring of 1430, Jeanne took part in a number of minor skirmishes with the enemy, and on May 23, 1430 she was captured by the British.
Judgment and death.
She was transported to Rouen, and on January 9, 1431, she appeared before the Inquisition. She was accused of witchcraft and heresy: the clergy subordinate to the English believed that by doing so they would harm Charles VII, because in this case he would be crowned a heretic and a witch. Jeanne defended herself with rare courage and resourcefulness, but on May 2, 1431, she was charged with witchcraft (charges of heresy were dropped) and was asked to renounce her belief in “voices” and the wearing of men’s clothing. On pain of death, she agreed to abdicate and was sentenced to life imprisonment on May 28. However, in prison, men's clothes were planted on her, which meant a relapse into the crime and automatically led to death. Despite the obvious provocation, Zhanna stated that she wore a man’s dress voluntarily, that she took back the renunciation and regretted it. Two days later she was burned alive in the market square of Rouen.
In 1455-1456, the process of posthumous rehabilitation of Joan of Arc took place in Bourges. On May 16, 1920, she was canonized by the Catholic Church.
In the spring of 1430, hostilities were resumed, but proceeded sluggishly. Jeanne was constantly faced with obstacles by the royal courtiers. In May, Jeanne comes to the aid of Compiegne, besieged by the Burgundians. On May 23, as a result of betrayal (the bridge to the city was raised, which cut off Joan’s escape route), Joan of Arc was captured by the Burgundians. King Charles, who owed her so much, did nothing to save Jeanne. Soon the Burgundians sold it to the British for 10,000 gold livres. In November - December 1430, Jeanne was transported to Rouen.
Trial and conviction
The Inquisition of Joan of Arc
The trial began on February 21, 1431. Despite the fact that Jeanne was formally tried by the church on charges of heresy, she was kept in prison under the guard of the British as a prisoner of war. The process was led by Bishop Pierre Cauchon, an ardent supporter of English interests in France.
The English government did not at all hide its involvement in the trial of Joan of Arc, nor the importance it attached to this trial. It covered all associated costs. Surviving and published documents from the English treasury in Normandy show that these expenses were considerable.
In the chronicles of the Venetian Morosini it is directly stated: “The English burned Joan because of her success, for the French were successful and, it seemed, would succeed endlessly. The English said that if this girl died, fate would no longer be favorable to the Dauphin.” During the trial, it became clear that it would not be so easy to accuse Jeanne - the girl stood at the trial with amazing courage and confidently refuted accusations of heresy and relations with the devil, avoiding numerous traps.
Since it was not possible to get her to confess to heresy, the court began to concentrate on those facts where Jeanne's voluntary confession was not required - for example, wearing men's clothing, disregarding the authority of the Church, and also tried to prove that the voices that Jeanne heard came from the devil. Contrary to the norms of the ecclesiastical court, Joan was not allowed to appeal to the Pope and the favorable conclusions of the Poitiers trial were ignored.
In the hope of breaking the will of the prisoner, she is kept in terrible conditions, the English guards insult her, the tribunal threatens her with torture, but all in vain - Jeanne refuses to submit and admit guilt. Cauchon understood that if he condemned Jeanne to death without getting her to admit guilt, he would only contribute to the emergence of an aura of martyrdom around her. On May 24, he resorted to outright meanness - he presented the prisoner with a ready-made pyre for her execution by burning and already near the pyre he promised to transfer her from an English prison to a church prison, where she would be provided with good care if she signed a paper renouncing heresies and obedience to the Church. At the same time, the paper with the text read to the illiterate girl was replaced by another, on which there was a text about the complete renunciation of all her “misconceptions”, on which Zhanna put an end to it. Naturally, Cauchon did not even think of fulfilling his promise and sent her back to her previous prison.
A few days later, under the pretext that Jeanne had put on men’s clothes again (women’s clothes had been taken from her by force) and thus “fell into her previous errors,” the tribunal sentenced her to death. On May 30, 1431, Joan of Arc was burned alive in the Old Market Square in Rouen. They put a paper miter on Jeanne’s head with the inscription “Heretic, apostate, idolater” and led her to the fire. “Bishop, I am dying because of you. I challenge you to God’s judgment!” - Zhanna shouted from the height of the fire and asked to give her a cross. The executioner handed her two crossed twigs. And when the fire engulfed her, she shouted several times: “Jesus!” Almost everyone cried with pity. Her ashes were scattered over the Seine.
Acquittal process
After the end of the Normandy War in 1452, Charles VII ordered the collection of all documents relating to the trial of Joan and an investigation into its legality. The investigation studied the documents of the trial, interviewed the surviving witnesses and unanimously came to the conclusion that during the trial of Zhanna, gross violations of the law were committed. In 1455, Pope Calixtus III ordered a new trial and appointed three of his representatives to oversee it.
The court sat in Paris, Rouen and Orleans, and an investigation was also conducted in Jeanne’s native land. The pope's legates and judges interrogated 115 witnesses, including Jeanne's mother, her comrades in arms, and ordinary residents of Orleans.
On July 7, 1456, the judges read a verdict, which stated that every point of accusation against Joan was refuted by the testimony of witnesses. The first trial was declared invalid, one copy of the protocols and indictment was symbolically torn in front of the crowd gathered. Jeanne's good name was restored.
In 1909, Pope Pius X declared Joan blessed, and on May 16, 1920, Pope Benedict XV canonized her (Feast Day - May 30). Currently, almost every Catholic church in France has a statue of Saint Joan of Arc. The Maid of Orleans is depicted in a man's suit, with a sword in her hand.
Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia
In the end, we note that we have presented here the classic version of the origin and life of Joan of Arc. At the moment, some French historians, not without reason, assert the girl’s noble ancestry, and in addition, prove that instead of her, a figurehead was burned at the stake, which allegedly gave rise to many legends that Jeanne is alive, but, apparently, it will no longer be possible to discover the truth.
The date of birth of Joan is considered to be 1412, however, in the decree of Pope Pius X on the canonization of the Virgin, the date is January 6, 1409, which is most likely more plausible.
“In my region they called me Jeannette... I was born in the village of Domremy, which is one with the village of Gre. The main church is in Gre... My father is Jacob d'Arc, my mother is Isabeletta, nicknamed Rome...
I was baptized, as far as I know, by Messire Jean Minet, who was at that time a priest in Domremy... My nickname is d'Arc or Rome - in my region girls are nicknamed their mothers...
“On the square,” wrote Jean Michelet, “three platforms were erected. On one of them was placed the royal and archbishop's sees, the throne of the cardinal of England, surrounded by the seats of his prelates. The second was intended for the characters in the dark drama: the preacher, the judge, the bailiff and, finally, the condemned woman herself. Separately visible was a huge plastered platform, littered with firewood. They spared nothing for the fire; it was frightening with its height. This was done not only to add solemnity to the burning ceremony, but also for a specific purpose: the executioner could only reach from below to the fire, located at a high altitude, and light it; thus, he was not able to either speed up the execution or put an end to the condemned woman, saving her from fiery torment, as he usually did with others... Jeanne had to burn alive. Having placed her on top of a mountain of firewood, above a circle of spears and swords, in full view of the entire square, one could assume that, having been burned for a long time and slowly in front of a curious crowd, she would finally show some weakness, if not a confession, would escape from her. then, at least, incoherent words that are easy to interpret in the desired sense; perhaps even quiet prayers or humiliated pleas for mercy, natural for a discouraged woman.”
All her tormentors were present at the execution of Jeanne - Cauchon, de Maitre, Warwick, the provocateur Loiseler... Cauchon read out the new decision of the “sacred” tribunal: “In the name of God, Amen... We, Pierre, by the mercy of God, Bishop of Beauvais, and brother Jean de Maitre, vicar of the doctor Jean Graveran, Inquisitor for Heresy... we declare with a fair verdict that you, Jeanne, popularly called the Virgin, are guilty of many errors and crimes. We decide and declare that you, Jeanne, must be rejected from the unity of the church and cut off from her body as a harmful member that can infect other members, and that you must be handed over to the secular power... We excommunicate you, cut you off and leave you, asking for the secular power commute your sentence by sparing you death and limb damage.” The inquisitors knew that their requests of this kind were rejected. Then they put a paper miter on Jeanne’s head with the inscription “Heretic, apostate, idolater” and led her to the fire. “Bishop, I am dying because of you. I challenge you to God’s judgment!” - Zhanna shouted from the height of the fire.
Chroniclers note that during the execution of Jeanne, Inquisitor Cauchon sobbed; perhaps he repented of the evil he had committed. Who knows..
Jeanne asked the executioner to give her a cross. The executioner, shedding tears, handed her two crossed twigs and held them before her eyes until Jeanne’s body turned to dust.
Joan of Arc at the stake of the Inquisition... | INLAND
October 16, 2011. No one knows how long Joan of Arc suffered in the fire, but eyewitnesses said that all her clothes were burned before she died. According to doctors, this is the worst pain a living organism can experience.
The purpose of this article is to show how the tragic death of Joan of Arc is connected with the “scenario” embedded in her FULL NAME code.
Watch in advance "Logicology - about the fate of man"
Let's look at the FULL NAME code tables. \If there is a shift in numbers and letters on your screen, adjust the image scale\.
Take the double code for the FULL NAME OF JOAN OF ARC:
5 6 23 34 42 43 57 71 77 96 115 116 121 122 139 150 158 159 173 187 193 212 231 232
D* A R K J A N N E T T A + D* A R K J A N N E T T A
232 227 226 209 198 190 189 175 161 155 136 117 116 111 110 93 82 74 73 59 45 39 20 1
8 9 23 37 43 62 81 82 87 88 105 116 124 125 139 153 159 178 197 198 203 204 221 232
J A N N E T T A D* A R K + J A N N E T T A D* A R K
232 224 223 209 195 189 170 151 150 145 144 127 116 108 107 93 79 73 54 35 34 29 28 1
JEANNETTE D* ARC = 116 = DEATH OF THE VOITE\ flax\.
116 = HYPOXIA = BRAIN POISONING.
232 = 116-DEATH OF THE VOITE\ flax \ + 116-...FLAX.
232 = 93-LESS + 139-BRAIN.
139 - 93 = 46 = SMOKE.
232 = 190-BRAIN + 42-BRAIN LESION.
190 - 42 = 148 = PERISHING FROM D\sm\.
232 = 190-DYING FROM SMOKE + 42-...SMA.
81 = SMOKE
____________________________
170 = DEATH BY SMOKE
BIRTH DATE code: 01/06/1409. This = 6 + 01 + 14 + 09 = 30 = CHAD, HIP\ oxia\.
232 = 30 CHAD + 202 DEATH FROM CARBON MONOXIDE.
202 - 30 = 172 = DEADLY.
232 = 30-CHAD + 202-DEADLY CHAD.
DEATH DATE code: 05/30/1431. This = 30 + 05 + 14 + 31 = 80 = CHEATED, FROM SMOKE.
232 = 80 + 152-LIFE IS COMPLETED.
232 = 80-LIFE IS COMPLETED \ + 152-LIFE IS COMPLETED.
152 - 80 = 72 = SMOKE KO\stra\.
Full DATE OF DEATH code = 161-THIRTIETH OF MAY + 45-\14 + 31\- (YEAR OF DEATH code) = 206.
206 = CHANTING = OXYGEN HUNGRY.
Code for the number of full YEARS OF LIFE = 86-TWENTY + 9-TWO = 95 = FIRE GAS.
Reference:
What is smoke from a fire or what does it consist of?
bolshoyvopros.ru›questions/1953059-chto…ot-kostra…
Smoke from a fire is a complex mixture of gases, vapors and aerosols, rising upward due to the fact that heated air is lighter than cold air.
232 = 95-TWENTY-TWO + 137-LIFE IS COMPLETE\ on\.
137 - 95 = 42 = COOL.
Let's look at the column in the top table:
57 = TWENTY \ two \ = ...THEN TWO
_________________________________________
189 = 95-TWENTY-TWO + 94-DEATH
189 - 57 = 132 = DEATH.
As we see, JEANNA actually immediately suffocated before the flames reached her.
Each of us has heard the legendary name of Joan of Arc, the folk heroine of France, a young girl who saved her homeland from the English invaders during the Hundred Years War.
The appearance of Jeanne in the political and military arena of those events marked a new round in the fate of France, and this really was salvation for the country, otherwise, who knows how the war between England and France, which lasted as much as 116 years, could have ended.
Today we will talk about a fearless girl who managed to lead the French troops, instill fighting spirit in them and lead France to victory.
And in France at that time the Hundred Years' War was raging, which we discussed in detail on our website.
In addition, poor France is literally torn apart by internecine wars between the Burgundians and the Armagnacs. Peasant uprisings break out here and there, which is what the Parisian uprising led by the Parisian provost Etienne Marcel and the Jacquerie cost the country.
King Charles VI the Mad died, France, according to the treaty signed in Troyes, came into the possession of England, and the real heir to the French throne, the future King Charles VII, was forced to hide.
These were the events that preceded the appearance of Joan of Arc, and she came just in time.
A few words about the folk heroine
Joan's date of birth is believed to be 1412, although historians disagree. The girl was born in the village of Domremy, which was located on the border of the provinces of Champagne and Lorraine. Some believe that she was born into a family of impoverished nobles, while others claim that her parents were wealthy peasants.
Jeanne claimed that at the age of 13 she first heard the voices of the Archangel Michael, as well as St. Catherine of Alexandria and, as is believed, Margaret of Antioch, who appeared to her from time to time in visible form. The girl claimed that after some time they revealed to her that it was she, Jeanne, who must lift the siege of Orleans, elevate the Dauphin to the throne and expel the English invaders from the kingdom.
Zhanna understood the full responsibility of the mission entrusted to her. She was not afraid, and she turned 16 years old, she went to the captain of the city of Vaucouleurs, Robert de Baudricourt, and there announced her mission. Of course, she was ridiculed, Zhanna was forced to return to the village, but a year later she repeated her attempt again. Captain Robert de Baudricourt, amazed by her persistence, was more attentive this time and agreed to give her people so that she could go to the Dauphin. In addition, he provided the girl with men's clothing - a chaperon, a hook and shoss. Until the end, Zhanna preferred to dress this way, saying that in men's clothing it would be easier for her to fight and not attract unhealthy attention from the soldiers.
Jeanne covered the distance from Domremy to Chinon Castle (the residence of the Dauphin Charles) in 11 days and on March 4, 1429, Jeanne arrived at this castle. Dauphin Charles took advantage of the fact that the girl wrote to him in a letter that she would certainly recognize him. Karl put her to the test by placing another person on the throne instead of himself, and he himself stood in the crowd of courtiers. However, Zhanna passed this exam and recognized Karl. She announced to the Dauphin that she had been sent by Heaven to liberate France from English rule and asked for troops to lift the siege of Orleans. In Chinon, Jeanne amazed the future Charles VII with her horsemanship and perfect use of weapons.
Joan of ArcHowever, Dauphin Charles did not dare to immediately believe the young girl, he hesitated. First, he ordered experienced matrons to confirm Jeanne's virginity, then sent her to Poitiers, where she had to undergo interrogation by theologians, and also sent messengers to her homeland. After nothing was found that could discredit Jeanne's reputation, Charles decided to transfer command of the troops to her and appointed her commander-in-chief. Leading French military leaders were to come under her command. The decisive role in such a bold decision was played by the fact that Jeanne, in the name of God, confirmed to Charles his legitimacy and rights to the throne, which many doubted, including Charles himself.
Zhanna is a talented military leader
After Jeanne was appointed commander-in-chief, armor, a banner and a banner were made for her. A sword for her was found in the church of Sainte-Catherine-de-Fierbois at the behest of Jeanne herself. According to legend, this sword belonged to Charlemagne himself.
At the head of the army, she marched to Orleans. The news that the army was led by a messenger of God inspired the soldiers and caused an extraordinary moral upsurge in the army. Hopeless commanders and soldiers, tired of endless defeats, regained courage and hope.
On April 29, Jeanne and a small detachment entered the city of Orleans. And already at the beginning of May, her army won its first victory, taking the Saint-Loup bastion. Victories follow one after another, and soon the British are forced to lift the siege of the city. Thus, a task that other French military leaders considered impossible, Joan of Arc was completed in just a few days.
After the victory at Orleans, Jeanne was nicknamed the "Maid of Orleans" ( laPucelled'Orleans). May 8th (the day the siege was lifted from the city) is celebrated to this day every year in Orleans as the main holiday of the city. Over the next few days of June, Jeanne wins one victory after another.
Jeanne went to the Dauphin and convinced him to go to Reims for confirmation, that is, to be crowned on the French throne. On July 17, Charles was solemnly anointed at Reims Cathedral in the presence of Joan of Arc, this caused an extraordinary surge of national spirit in the country. The French were jubilant; they saw their hope in Jeanne.
Joan on the battlefield After the coronation, the girl convinced Charles to launch an attack on Paris, especially since the situation was favorable; there was confusion in the British camp, but Charles hesitated. The attack on the French capital was launched only in September, but Charles gave the order to withdraw the army to the Loire, and on September 21 the army was disbanded.
In the spring of 1430, military operations to attack Paris were resumed, but proceeded sluggishly. The royal courtiers constantly put obstacles in front of Jeanne. In May, Jeanne comes to the aid of Compiegne, besieged by the Burgundians. On May 23, as a result of treacherous betrayal (the bridge to the city was raised, which cut off the escape route for Joan and her army), Joan of Arc was captured by the Burgundians. King Charles, who owed her so much, did nothing to save Joan; he hesitated again, afraid of the consequences. The Burgundians sold Joan to the English for 10,000 gold livres. In November-December 1430, Joan was transported to the city of Rouen in Normandy.
False accusation
Of course, the young girl, who managed to win so many victories and instill a fighting spirit of courage in the hearts of the French, aroused hatred and fear among her enemies.
Formally, Joan was tried by the church on charges of heresy, but despite this, she was kept in prison under the guard of the British as a prisoner of war. The trial was led by Bishop Pierre Cauchon, an ardent supporter of English interests in France (there were traitors among his own).
Jeanne was thrown into prison, where she was kept in terrible conditions, she was treated roughly, and the English guards insulted her. They tried to force Jeanne to confess her heresy and connections with the devil. Since the girl courageously and steadfastly denied all the accusations, the judges resorted to those facts where Jeanne’s voluntary confession was not required: she was accused of wearing men’s clothing and disregarding the authority of the Church.
The folk heroine Joan of Arc was sentenced to be burned alive at the stake. On May 30, 1431, the sentence was carried out. They put a miter on the girl’s head with the inscription “Heretic, apostate, idolater” and led her to the fire. From the height of the fire, Jeanne shouted: “Bishop, I am dying because of you! I challenge you to God’s judgment!” She asked to give her a cross, the executioner handed her two crossed twigs. The fire engulfed Jeanne, she shouted “Jesus!”, Everyone cried with pity. The ashes of the people's savior were scattered over the Seine.
After the execution
After the death of Jeanne, France did not calm down; the French militia continued to drive the British from their land. France continued to win victory after victory and liberate its cities and provinces from the enemy. In 1453, the French took Bordeaux, which ended the Hundred Years' War.
After the end of the war, King Charles VII began the process of Jeanne's rehabilitation. Her case was reviewed and many gross errors were found in her trial. The trial of the girl was declared invalid, and Jeanne's good name was restored.
Joan of Arc today
The name of the national heroine has not been forgotten, it remains in the hearts of people to this day, it inspires artists, directors, writers, even ordinary people.
Every year on May 8th France celebrates “Joan of Arc Day”. The asteroid (127) Jeanne, which was discovered in 1872, is named after the national heroine. The French helicopter carrier cruiser Joan of Arc, which was launched in 1964, is named after the national heroine.
In literature, works by Schiller, Mark Twain, Anatole France and others were written about her. In music, various composers and musical groups dedicated entire symphonies and rock operas to Jeanne. In painting, the image of Jeanne is found in Gauguin, Rubens, and Ingres. Zhanna is the heroine of cinema, cartoons, anime and even computer games.
