See also `chamois` in other dictionaries
Chamois with e rna
Russian word stress. - M.: ENAS. M.V. Zarva. 2001 .
well. Mountain goat with small, curved horns at the ends.
CAMOIS, a mammal (family > bovids). Body length up to 135 cm, tail 5 - 8 cm, weight> up to 50 kg. The horns of males and females are small. It lives in the mountains of Europe, Asia Minor, in the Caucasus. Moves easily over rocks. Object> sport hunting and breeding; in some places the number is declining. It breeds well in captivity.
Y, well. Artiodactyl animal of the family. bovids, mountain antelope.
Chamois artiodactyl animal of the bovid family. Height at the withers 70-80 cm, weighs up to 50 kg. The horns of males and females are small. It lives in the mountains of Europe and M. Asia, including the Caucasus. Object of sport hunting and breeding.
A common Slavic word of Indo-European nature (in particular, in Latin we find sopsh - "horn"). The name of another animal, a cow, goes back to the same basis. Literally, chamois means "horned".
CHAMOIS
artiodactyl fem. bovids. high at the withers 70-80 cm, weight up to 50 kg. The horns of males and females are small. It lives in the mountains of Europe and M. Asia, including the Caucasus. Object of sport, hunting and breeding.
1. Mountain antelope.
2. Black goat.
3. Mountain antelope with beautiful eyes.
Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra Pall.) is a ruminant artiodactyl mammal from the subfamily of antelopes (Antilopinae) of the family of bovids (Cavicornia s. Bovidae; see Fig. 10, Table I to the article Antelopes). Body length about 90 cm, tail - 8 cm; height 75-80 cm. Horns of almost the same size in both sexes, up to 25 cm long; they are rounded, annular at the base, covered with longitudinal grooves in their middle part, and their end bent back and down is completely smooth; they are placed on the head almost vertically and parallel to each other, and only their ends diverge somewhat to the sides. The body is generally short and massive, the neck is thick; the head is small, the muzzle is elongated and pointed, the ears are of medium length, the eyes are large and prominent; legs are thick and knobby with broad, hard and sharp... chamois chamois Ukrainian chamois, other Russian. srna δορκάς, Russian-Tslav. srna (XII century), Bolg. sirna, Serbohorv. shit, pl. sȓnē, Slovenian. sŕna, Czech, Slav. srna, Polish sarna, v.-puddle. sorna, n.-puddle. sarna. Praslav. *sürna is related to Latvian. sirna "chamois, roe deer" (Endzelin, KZ 42, 378), other Prussian. sirvis, lit. *šir̃vis (from Fin. hirvi "deer, elk"), lat. cervus "deer", cornu "horn", Avest. srvā "horn, nail", O.N. c̨ŕ̥ŋgam cf. R. "horn", goth. haúrn "horn", further here is a cow (see); cf. Trautman, BSW 260; Arr. Sprd. 428; Uhlenbeck, Aind. wb. 315; Walde-Hoffm. I, 208. It is difficult to approach Lit. stìrna "chamois", Lithuanian. stir̃na, which are different from slavs. intonationally (Meillet, Ét. 446; Trautmann, BSW 260; Bezzenberger, GGA, ... antelope, sugak (from saiga, saiga), the generic name of an animal between a goat and a deer (more than 50 species), with unbranched horns; we have: chamois, wild goat, Antilopa ruricapra, in the Caucasus; gazelle, A. subgutturosa, beyond the Caucasus; dzeren (same name?), A. gutturosa, in Altai; saiga, saiga, A. saiga morgach, in Kirgizsk. steppes (the Kirghiz distinguish between two types: Akkuyruk and Karakuyruk). A small deer is also called a wild goat, in the Crimea and in the west. lips., and erroneously and chamois or sarny. Sulfur breed. Sulfur cub, chamois m. Sulfur meat, chamois. Chamois black goat, whistler (Rupicapra rupicapra), artiodactyl ruminant animal of the bovid family. The head is small, the muzzle is pointed. Horns in males and females in the form of hooks. Height at withers 65-70 cm, weighs up to 40 kg. The coat is short, reddish in summer; in winter long, dense, black-brown. S. occurs in the mountains of Europe (Pyrenees, Alps, Apennines, Carpathians, Balkans and the Caucasus) and in the highlands of Asia Minor; in the USSR - in the Caucasus. In summer it lives at the upper border of the forest and in alpine meadows, in winter - only in the forest. They live alone and in herds of up to 100 animals. They climb rocks well. They feed on grass, sometimes shoots and leaves of shrubs. Mating (in the Caucasus) in mid-November. Cubs (1 or 2) will be born in May. The object of sport hunting. The meat is edible, the skins are used for rugs... (Rupicapra rupicapra), a mammal of the family. bovids. Unity, kind of genus. Length up to 135 cm, h. at the shoulders up to 80 cm, weight up to 50 kg. Males and females have hook-shaped horns. The coat in winter is long, thick, black-brown; short, brick-colored in summer. It lives in the mountains of Europe and M. Asia, in the USSR - in the Caucasus. In summer, it stays near the top, the borders of the forest and on the Alps. meadows, in winter - in the forest. Good for rock climbing. There are 1 cubs in a litter, sometimes 2-3. Object of sport hunting and breeding. The number is declining. chamois
-s
,
well. Artiodactyl ruminant of the family. bovid, mountain goat with small, curved horns at the ends. Chamois love steep cliffs, near which grows Forest. Turov, Essays on a naturalist hunter.
chamois
noun, number of synonyms: (3) Antelope (29) Atshi (1) Mammal (201)
chamois General Slav. Suf. derivative (suff. -n-) from the same root (with a vowel) as cow. General Slav. *sirna(cf. Slovak. srna) of the same root as other Prussian. sirvis, lat. cervus"deer", German. Horn"horn", lat. cornu- also, Avest. srva- so. Chamois literally - "horned". Cm. cow. School etymological dictionary of the Russian language. Origin of words. - M.: Bustard N. M. Shansky, T. A. Bobrova 2004
Description
The size of the chamois is approximately one meter in length and 75 cm at the withers. The tail is very short, its length does not exceed 8 cm. The weight of the chamois is from 30 to 50 kg. She has a compact and strong build with a slender neck, short muzzle, pointed ears that are almost half the length of her head. The chamois has long slender legs with flat hooves, as well as backward curved horns reaching 25 cm, inherent in both sexes. Behind them is an opening, from which a slimy, foul-smelling secret is released during the mating period.
In summer, the chamois is red-brown in color, on the belly the color is light red-yellow. She has black-brown stripes on her back, and her neck is yellowish-white. The back of the legs is white, the tail is black on the underside and at the tip. A black stripe extends from the ears to the eyes. In winter, chamois are dark brown above and white below. The legs and head are yellow-white.
Spreading
Chamois are found in the Alps and are found from French Savoy to Dalmatia, as well as in the Pyrenees, Vosges, Balkan Mountains and in the Carpathians. Their range also includes the Greater and Lesser Caucasus, the Pontic Mountains and Asia Minor. In Russia, chamois inhabit only the Greater Caucasus Range. Most readily chamois inhabit the elevated forest belts, in summer they often rise even higher into the mountains. If she is too much annoyed below, she rises to rocky areas almost inaccessible to humans, from where she makes forays into mountain meadows between rocks in the early morning. In winter it descends into the woods.
Behavior
Females and young live in small herds of 15 to 30 animals. Social ties change with the seasons. In summer they are very intense. One of the animals always performs the function of a guard and notifies the others in case of danger with a whistling sound. As winter approaches, the bonds that bind the herds become weaker, some herds are mixed up, others simply fall apart. As a rule, an experienced female leads the herd. Adult males are solitary and only visit herds in late summer. Driving away the growing young males, they fight with other rivals for the right to mate with the females of the herd, which takes place in the second half of November.
At the end of May or at the beginning of June, from one to three cubs are born to the chamois, which follow the mother and feed exclusively on mother's milk for three months. Sexual maturity is reached at the age of two to three years, in females earlier than in males. Life expectancy for females is 20 years, for males - 15.
Enemies and dangers
The natural enemies of chamois are lynxes, wolves and bears. Sometimes young chamois become prey for golden eagles. The danger for chamois is also represented by stones and fragments of rocks rolling down, as well as avalanches, in which, first of all, cubs die. In severe winters, many chamois become victims of starvation.
Heraldry
Images of chamois can be found on the coats of arms of European municipalities.
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An excerpt characterizing Serna
– Oui, Sire. [Yes, sir.]Mais le riz? [But rice?]
Rapp replied that he had conveyed the sovereign's orders about rice, but Napoleon shook his head in displeasure, as if he did not believe that his order would be carried out. The servant entered with punch. Napoleon ordered another glass to be served to Rapp and silently sipped from his own.
“I have no taste or smell,” he said, sniffing the glass. - This cold has bothered me. They talk about medicine. What kind of medicine when they can not cure the common cold? Corvisart gave me these lozenges, but they do nothing. What can they treat? Cannot be treated. Notre corps est une machine a vivre. Il est organise pour cela, c "est sa nature; laissez y la vie a son aise, qu" elle s "y defende elle meme: elle fera plus que si vous la paralysiez en l" encombrant de remedes. notre corps est comme une montre parfaite qui doit aller un certain temps; l "horloger n" a pas la faculte de l "ouvrir, il ne peut la manier qu" a tatons et les yeux bandes. Notre corps est une machine a vivre, voila tout. [Our body is a machine for life. It is designed for this. Leave life alone in him, let her defend herself, she will do more alone than when you interfere with her with medicines. Our body is like a clock that must run a certain time; the watchmaker cannot open them and only by groping and blindfolded can he operate them. Our body is a machine for life. That's all.] - And as if embarking on the path of definitions, definitions that Napoleon loved, he suddenly made a new definition. “Do you know, Rapp, what the art of war is?” - he asked. - The art of being stronger than the enemy at a certain moment. Voila tout. [That's all.]
Rapp didn't answer.
Demainnous allons avoir affaire a Koutouzoff! [Tomorrow we will deal with Kutuzov!] - said Napoleon. - We'll see! Remember, in Braunau he commanded an army and not once in three weeks did he mount his horse to inspect the fortifications. We'll see!
He glanced at his watch. It was still only four o'clock. I didn’t feel like sleeping, the punch was finished, and there was nothing to do after all. He got up, walked up and down, put on a warm frock coat and hat, and left the tent. The night was dark and damp; barely audible dampness fell from above. The bonfires did not burn brightly near, in the French guard, and far away through the smoke they shone along the Russian line. Everywhere it was quiet, and the rustle and clatter of the already begun movement of the French troops to take up a position could be clearly heard.
Napoleon walked in front of the tent, looked at the lights, listened to the clatter, and, passing by a tall guardsman in a shaggy hat, who stood sentry at his tent and, like a black pillar, stretched out at the appearance of the emperor, stopped opposite him.
- Since what year in the service? he asked with that habitual affectation of coarse and affectionate militancy with which he always treated his soldiers. The soldier answered him.
- Ah! un des vieux! [BUT! of the old people!] Got rice in the regiment?
- Got it, Your Majesty.
Napoleon nodded his head and stepped away from him.
At half past six, Napoleon rode on horseback to the village of Shevardin.
It began to dawn, the sky cleared, only one cloud lay in the east. Abandoned fires burned out in the faint morning light.
To the right, a thick lone cannon shot rang out, swept and froze in the general silence. Several minutes passed. There was a second, third shot, the air shook; the fourth and fifth resounded close and solemnly somewhere to the right.
The first shots had not yet finished ringing before others rang out, again and again, merging and interrupting one another.
Napoleon rode up with his retinue to the Shevardinsky redoubt and dismounted from his horse. The game has begun.
Returning from Prince Andrei to Gorki, Pierre, having ordered the bereator to prepare the horses and wake him up early in the morning, immediately fell asleep behind the partition, in the corner that Boris gave him.
When Pierre woke up completely the next morning, there was no one in the hut. Glass rattled in the small windows. The Rector stood pushing him aside.
“Your excellency, your excellency, your excellency ...” the bereytor said stubbornly, without looking at Pierre and, apparently, having lost hope of waking him up, shaking him by the shoulder.
Caucasian chamois, although in small and scattered populations, can still be found across most of their historical range. The largest population lives in the Russian Federation within and around the Caucasian Biosphere Reserve. Other populations of chamois live in a number of national parks and reserves (Teberda, Alania, North Ossetia, Elbrus, Sochi, Tlyaratinsky) in the Greater Caucasus in several administrative-territorial units of the Russian Federation (Karachay-Cherkess Republic, North Ossetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Krasnodar region and Dagestan). In Georgia, Caucasian chamois are found in the Tasheti National Park and the Lagodekhi State Reserve, and in Azerbaijan, in the Zagatala State Reserve and the Ilisu State Reserve, as well as in the western part of the Shahdag National Park.
The horns of the Caucasian chamois, as a rule, are short and thick, located almost vertically and moderately diverge to the sides, i.e. they are shorter and more compact than those of the Alpine chamois, with relatively less distance between the ends of the horns. Horns longer than 25.4 cm are very rare in males; the average value for 71 chamois taken (from SCI and RW) is 20.6 cm. The average circumference at the base is 8.6 cm. In females, of which only three individuals are recorded, the horns are slightly shorter, on average less curved and thinner. Unfortunately, typical CIC measurements (maximum horn circumference, height and distance between ends) are not available for comparison with other western subspecies.
| Title in other languages | Russian Caucasian chamois; English Caucasian Chamois; German Kaukasusgams; French Chamois de Caucase; Spanish Rebeco caucasico; Georgian shych'i |
| IUCN Red List | Minimal risk (as Rupicapra rupicapra), Aulagnier, Giannatos, Herrero, 2008; Georgia: Red List, Vulnerable, C1 |
| CITES | Not listed |
| USF&WS | Not listed |
| EU | Appendix III of the Berne Convention; EC Directive 2006/105 on habitats and species, Annex V; Council Directive 92/43 and 97/62 |
| Spreading | Russian Federation (Krasnodar Territory, Stavropol Territory, Adygea, Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia, Ingushetia, Chechnya, Dagestan), Georgia (including disputed Abkhazia and South Ossetia) |
| Habitat regions | Russia |
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chamois animal are representatives of the class of mammals, their height is no more than 75 cm, and their weight is up to 50 kg. Chamois are very graceful, their body is a bit short, and the legs, on the contrary, are quite long, their length can reach one meter, and the length of the hind limbs is greater than the front ones. The head of the chamois is of medium size, with the shape of the horns inherent only to it: straight at the base, at the ends they have a bend back and down.
The coat color of the chamois depends on the season: in winter it is dark chocolate, the belly is red, the bottom of the muzzle and throat are yellow-red. In summer, the chamois has a shorter fur, reddish with a red tint, the belly is light, the head is the same color as the body.
The chamois' hooves are slightly elongated compared to other members of the chamois family. Chamois live in the Carpathian, Pontic and Caucasian mountains, the Pyrenees, the Alps and the mountains of Asia Minor.
Chamois living in the Caucasus Mountains are slightly different from their Western European relatives in the shape of the skull, so they are classified as a different subspecies.
Chamois' favorite habitat is rocky steeps and cliffs near fir, spruce forests and birch groves, it is in coniferous thickets that they feel best. In search of food, the chamois descends into the meadows.
In search of a good habitat, chamois can climb up to three kilometers, but places with snow and glaciers are avoided. These are very attached to the habitat and appear on the same slopes at the same time of day, they are not even afraid of the possibility of the presence of hunters, or shepherds with livestock.
The nature and lifestyle of chamois
mountain chamois more often they live in small groups, but sometimes they unite in numerous herds, if such a herd gathers, then the most experienced old female becomes the leader.
As a rule, females predominate in the herd, males are not included in the herd and either live individually or in small male groups, and adjoin the herd only during the mating season.
In summer, chamois live high in the mountains, and by winter they move lower, it is winter that is the most difficult time for these times because of the snow it is very difficult to get food, and it also fetters fast jumps and movements, therefore chamois goat can become easy prey for hunters.
Despite the great curiosity inherent in chamois, they are very cowardly. During the day they alternately rest, and for night time they choose an open area. Chamois are more agile than all antelopes in jumping and climbing mountains; while running, they can jump up to seven meters.
Chamois nutrition
Mountain chamois it is a herbivore, in summer they feast on succulent alpine plants, and in winter they have to eat the remains of grass peeking out from under the snow, moss and lichens.
In the photo, chamois graze, eat grass
They tolerate the absence of water well, being content with licking dew from the leaves. If the snow is too deep, then they can feed on lichens hanging from trees for several weeks, and in search of food, chamois can get close to haystacks left in the meadows.
However, very often, due to lack of food in winter, many chamois die. Chamois need salt, so salt licks are constantly visited.
Reproduction and life span of chamois
Chamois life span 10-12 years old, puberty occurs about 20 months, however, they begin to multiply not earlier than reaching the age of three.
The mating season of the chamois begins at the end of October, and mating takes place in November. Females carry cubs for 21 weeks, and cubs are born in May June.
Childbirth takes place among dense pine thickets, as a rule, pregnancy ends with the birth of one goat, less often two, almost immediately they stand on their legs and after a few hours they can follow their mother.
In the first time after giving birth, the female avoids open areas, but the babies quickly learn to run on the rocks and soon the female returns to their usual habitat.
Babies are very attached to their mother, who takes care of them for six months. In the event of her death, the cubs can find themselves second mothers. At the age of four months, horns begin to appear in the cubs, and they are bent only by the end of the second year of life.
Chamois is a fairly large family, the exceptions are Caucasian chamois, which are included in Red Book Russian Federation, so at the moment their population is about two thousand individuals, and most of them live in the reserve.
In the photo of a chamois, a female with her cub
Wild chamois, it was not possible to domesticate them, however, in Switzerland a breed of dairy and meat goats was bred, which received the name from their distant relatives goat Alpine chamois. Own name domestic chamois received because of the similarity with relatives in color, endurance and excellent adaptation to any environmental conditions.
