Migratory birds list. What birds are called migratory? Who stays with us

Wintering birds are those birds that, with the advent of winter, do not fly south, but remain wintering in their native land. Those that fly south are called migratory birds. And there are also nomadic birds. They are called nomads who constantly move from place to place in search of food. Migratory birds can be found in both winter and summer. But most often we see them in winter. Why? Yes, because in search of food, birds in winter constantly huddle up to human habitation. Therefore, in winter you can see wintering and nomadic birds. All of them can be called wintering.

What birds stay for the winter? It would seem that the answer to this question is clear. There are those who are able to endure the cold. But this is not the main reason at all. Cold can only endure well-fed birds. Therefore, only those birds remain that are able to find food for themselves in winter. Those that feed on insects will not be able to feed themselves in winter. All insects disappear during cold weather. Some hide in warm and secluded places. Most insects simply die after leaving a sufficient supply of eggs. So the birds are forced to fly to those regions where there is no winter and there is enough food. Only those who feed on seeds, grains, and berries remain wintering. But they also have a hard time.

For birds, winter is a very difficult time of the year. Hungry and cold poor birds. Because of the cold, winter birds lose a lot of heat. In order to keep warm, birds need to eat a lot, and in winter they need much more food than in summer. Searching for food is the main activity for birds in winter. It gets dark quickly, and in the dark you can’t find food. Therefore, from dawn until dark, birds in winter look for food. And whoever is left hungry will disappear at night, freeze! “The well-fed frosts are not terrible” - this can be said about birds.

And yet, in severe frosts, winter birds are very unwell. Especially when the frost is lingering. Many fairy tales of the northern peoples say: "It was so cold that the birds froze on the fly."

Often in frost, birds do not fly, but sit ruffled. Why? It turns out that they do not fly in the cold, because the bird freezes much faster in flight. When a bird sits, it has still air between its feathers. It does not let the cold to the bird's body and retains heat. In flight, frosty air rushes from all sides to the bird's body, and it freezes on the fly.

And you can also see in winter frosts how the bird stands on one or the other leg. Why is she doing this? The bird warms its legs by alternately raising them from the cold ground.

To keep warm, the birds are closely pressed against each other, hiding their beaks under the wing. Even those birds in winter that live alone in summer stray into flocks. This makes it easier for them to get through the winter. One bird found food - she immediately notified everyone. That's all and full. It is easier for the flock to notice the approaching danger. Yes, and the birds warm up, clinging to each other.

How else do birds escape the cold?

Black grouse, hazel grouse, capercaillie and partridge escape the cold in deep snow. In the evening, a flock of trees falls like stones into a snowdrift and hides in it from the wind and frost. And in the morning it takes off to feed again on buds and needles. In severe frosts, the flock can remain in the snow all day. But even in a snowdrift, birds can be in danger if a hard crust forms on it, and the birds do not have enough strength to break through it and get out.

For some birds, the long winter forces them to make substantial stocks. So the nutcracker stores pine nuts. She makes tens of thousands of bookmarks of nuts in secluded places, 10–20 pieces each, and remembers them for several months! Of course, some of the reserves are stolen by other inhabitants of the taiga, from chipmunks to bears, sometimes forgotten "treasures" sprout, give rise to new groves of Siberian pine.

There is a bird that has adapted to the conditions of winter so much that it even breeds chicks in winter. This is a cross. In our country there is a crossbill-spruce. These birds feed on seeds from the cones of coniferous trees, deftly extracting them from the cones with a crossed beak. In January-February, they begin to build warm two-layer nests. The male sitting on the nest brings food to the female, she incubates the eggs for a little more than two weeks, and then the parents feed the chicks for another three weeks.

Flocks of bright bullfinches and waxwings fly noisily from one tree or small-fruited apple tree to another. Many pecked berries remain on the snow under the trees. Overripe berries during the thaw can ferment, then the birds, having eaten them, behave like drunks. They lose their bearings, hit the walls and fall.

Birds need help in winter, make feeders for them and regularly pour food into them.

Feed the birds in winter.

Let from all over

They will flock to you, like home,

Stakes on the porch.

Their food is not rich.

Need a handful of grain

One handful -

And not scary

They will have winter.

How many of them die - do not count,

It's hard to see.

But in our heart there is

And the birds are warm.

Is it possible to forget:

Could fly away

And stayed for the winter

Along with people.

Train the birds in the cold

To your window

So that without songs it was not necessary

We welcome spring.

Proverbs and sayings about winter birds

Sparrows chirp together - it means there will be a thaw.

In which direction the crow sat down with its nose - from there there will be a wind.

Ravens hide their beak under their wings - to the cold.

Birds sit on the tops of trees - it will be warm.

Titmouse squeak in the morning - it means it will be frost.

Poems about wintering birds

Poems about Crow

Coloration - greyish,

Habit - thievish,

hoarse screamer

Famous person.

Hoodie!

Poems about Sparrow

Jumping, jumping sparrow,

Calls of small children:

Throw the crumbs to the sparrow -

I'll sing you a song

Chick-chirp!

Throw millet and barley -

I will sing to you all day

Chick-chirp!

Poems about Magpie

Forty flew to us

Belogruda, white-sided,

crackled, jumped,

I crushed the loose bed,

I dug my beak somewhere,

I wet my tail in a puddle,

Then she shook her feathers,

Ran and fluttered!

Poems about tits

Early bird jumping

On the snow-covered branches

yellow-breasted tits

They came to visit us.

"Tin-shadow, Tili-shadow,

The winter day is getting shorter

You won't have time to eat

The sun will set behind the fence.

No mosquito, no fly.

Everywhere only snow and snow.

It's good that we have feeders

Made by a kind person!

Poems about waxwings

Outside the window, blizzards are sweeping,

But sometimes it happens

Waxwings are coming

Peck berries in spring.

The hawthorn bush bends

From the pressure of bird flocks.

Silver ringing rushes

Glorifying the cold harvest.

They moved to the mountain ash,

They drank scarlet berries,

And trills in the frosty air

A thin echo rushed.

Poems about Bullfinch

Bullfinches are a funny bird,

Not afraid of winter at all

Comes to visit in winter

He doesn't notice the cold.

This red-breasted bird

Forest winter singer.

The forest is a glorious home for her in winter,

Bullfinches are looking for food there.

Small bird,

Can be an example to many:

How to live in a cold forest

To live and not grieve at all.

A flock of bullfinches fly,

The gifts of the forest are collected:

dry flower seeds,

And berries of forest bushes.

Their flocks of red-chested in a row,

It's like a parade for the forest.

Often flocks of bullfinches,

People fly into the cities.

They eat winter rowan,

Everyone is waiting for spring.

The term “migration” owes its origin to the Latin word “migratus”, which means “to change”. Migratory (migratory) birds are characterized by the ability to make seasonal flights and change nesting sites with habitats suitable for wintering. Such birds, unlike representatives of a sedentary species, have a peculiar life cycle, as well as some essential nutritional features. However, migratory or migratory birds, under certain circumstances, may well become sedentary.

Why do birds migrate

Migration, or flight of birds, is the movement or movement of representatives of a group of egg-laying warm-blooded vertebrates, which are traditionally considered as a separate class. Migrations of birds may be due to changes in forage or environmental conditions, as well as breeding patterns and the need to change the nesting area to the wintering area.

Bird migration is a kind of adaptation to seasonal climatic changes and weather-dependent conditions, which most often include the presence of sufficient food supply and open water. The ability of birds to migrate is explained by their high rates of mobility due to the ability to fly, which is not available for most other animal species that lead a terrestrial lifestyle.

Thus, the reasons that cause the migration of birds at the moment include:

• search for a place with optimal climatic conditions;
• choosing a territory with an abundance of food;
• search for a place where reproduction and protection from predators is possible;
• the presence of stable daylight;
• suitable conditions for rearing offspring.

Depending on the range of flight, birds are divided into sedentary or non-migratory birds, nomadic representatives of various species that leave their nests and move a short distance. However, it is migratory birds that prefer to move with the onset of winter to warmer climes.

Thanks to numerous studies and scientific observations, it was possible to prove that it is precisely the reduction of daylight hours that stimulates the migration of many birds.

Types of migrations

Migration occurs at certain time periods or seasons of the year. Some representatives of the group of egg-laying warm-blooded vertebrates are characterized by very irregular migratory patterns.

Depending on the nature of seasonal migrations, all birds are included in the following categories:

• sedentary birds, adhering to a certain, as a rule, relatively small zone. Most species of sedentary birds live in conditions with seasonal changes that do not affect the availability of food (tropics and subtropics). In the territories of the temperate and arctic zones, the number of such birds is insignificant, and representatives of the group most often belong to synanthropes living next to humans: the rock dove, house sparrow, gray crow, jackdaw;
• semi-settled birds that, outside the active breeding season, move fairly short distances from the location of their nests: wild grouse, hazel grouse, black grouse, common bunting;
• birds migrating over considerable distances. This category includes land and birds of prey moving to tropical regions: black goose, black-breasted and American shorebird, long-toed shorebird;
• "nomadic" and short-range migratory birds moving from one place to another outside the active breeding season in search of food. A short migration is caused directly by unfavorable food and weather conditions, which have a relatively regular character: the red-winged stinolaz, the weasel, the lark, the chaffinch;
• invading and dispersing birds. The movement of such birds is due to a sharp decrease in the amount of food and unfavorable external factors that cause frequent intrusion of birds into the territory of other areas: waxwing, spruce Shishkarev.

The timing of migration is tightly controlled and coded at the genetic level, even in many members of resident bird species. The propensity to navigate and the ability to navigate throughout the entire period of migration is due to genetic information and learning.

It is known that not all migratory birds fly. For example, a significant part carries out regular migrations exclusively by swimming, and easily overcomes thousands of kilometers during such periods.

Directions for migration

The direction of migratory routes or the so-called "direction of bird flights" is very diverse. Birds of the northern hemisphere are characterized by flight from the northern regions (where such birds nest) to the southern territories (optimal wintering grounds), as well as in the opposite direction. This type of movement is characteristic of birds of arctic and temperate latitudes in the zone of the northern hemisphere, and its basis is represented by a whole range of reasons, including energy costs.

With the onset of the summer period in the northern latitudes, the length of daylight hours noticeably increases, due to which the birds leading a daytime lifestyle get the best opportunity to feed their offspring that have been born. Tropical bird species are noticeably distinguished by not too many eggs in the clutch, which is due to the peculiarities of climatic conditions. In autumn, there is a decrease in the length of daylight hours, so birds prefer to move to regions with a warmer climate and an abundant food supply.

Migration can be dividing, rifts and ring, with mismatched autumn and spring routes, and horizontally directed and vertically directed migration are distinguished by the presence or absence of preservation of the familiar landscape.

List of migratory birds

Seasonal regular movements of birds can be made not only for close, but also for quite long distances. Ornithologists note that migrations are often carried out by birds in stages, with stops for rest and feeding.

White stork

The white stork (lat. Ciconia ciconia) is a large wading bird belonging to the stork family. The white bird has black wingtips, a long neck, and a long and thin red beak. The legs are long, reddish in color. The female is indistinguishable from the male in color, but has a slightly smaller stature. The size of an adult stork is 100-125 cm, with a wingspan of 155-200 cm.

bittern

(lat. Botaurus stellaris) is a rare bird belonging to the heron family (Ardeidae). The great bittern has a black plumage with a yellowish border on its back and a head of the same color. The belly is ocher in color with a brown transverse pattern. The tail is yellow-brown, with a blackish noticeable pattern. The male is somewhat larger than the female. The average body weight of an adult male is 1.0-1.9 kg, and the wing length is 31-34 cm.

Sarych, or Common Buzzard

Buzzard (lat. Buteo buteo) is a bird of prey belonging to the hawk-like order and the hawk family. Representatives of the species are medium in size, have a body length of 51-57 cm, with a wingspan of 110-130 cm. The female, as a rule, is slightly larger than the male. The color varies greatly from dark brown to fawn, but juveniles have more variegated plumage. In flight, light spots on the wings are visible from below.

Common or field harrier

Harrier (lat. Circus cyaneus) is a medium-sized bird of prey belonging to the hawk family. The lightly built bird has a length of 46-47 cm, with a wingspan of 97-118 cm. It is distinguished by a rather long tail and wings, which makes low movement above the ground slow and silent. The female is noticeably larger than the male. There are pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism. Young birds are similar in appearance to adult females, but differ from them in the presence of a more reddish tint in the lower part of the body.

Cheglok

(lat. Falco subbuteo) is a small bird of prey belonging to the falcon family. Hobby in appearance strongly resembles a peregrine falcon. A small and graceful falcon has pointed long wings and a long wedge-shaped tail. The body length is 28-36 cm, with a wingspan of 69-84 cm. The females look slightly larger than the male. The upper part is slate-gray, without a pattern, with the presence of a more brownish hue in females. The chest area and belly has an ocher-whitish color with numerous dark and longitudinal streaks.

common kestrel

(lat. Falco tinnunculus) is a bird of prey belonging to the falconiformes order and the falcon family, the most common after the buzzard in the territory of central Europe. Adult females have a dark transverse band in the back area, as well as a brown tail with a large number of pronounced transverse stripes. The lower part is darker and heavily mottled. The youngest individuals are similar in plumage to females.

Dergach, or Corncrake

(lat. Crex crex) is a small-sized bird belonging to the shepherd family. The physique of this bird is dense, characteristically compressed from the sides, with a rounded head and an elongated neck. The beak is almost conical, rather short and strong, slightly pinkish in color. The color of the plumage is reddish-ocher, with the presence of dark streaks. The lateral parts of the head, as well as the goiter and chest area of ​​the male, are bluish-gray in color. The upper part of the head and back are characterized by dark brown feathers with a light buffy border. The belly of the bird has a whitish-cream color with a yellowish tinge.

Pigalitsa, or Lapwing

(lat. Vanellus vanellus) is not too large a bird belonging to the plover family. The main difference between the lapwing and any other waders is its black and white coloration and rather blunt wings. The upper part has a very noticeable metallic green, bronze and purple sheen. The chest of the bird is black. The sides of the head and body, as well as the abdomen, are distinguished by a white color. In the summer, the goiter and throat of the feathered acquire a very characteristic black color for the species.

Woodcock

(lat. Scolopax rusticola) - representatives of the species belonging to the Snipe family and nesting in the temperate and subarctic zones of Eurasia. A rather large bird with a dense physique and a straight, long beak. Average body length is 33-38 cm, with a wingspan of 55-65 cm. The underside of the feathered body has a slightly paler cream or yellowish-gray plumage with transverse black stripes.

Common tern, or river tern

The common tern (lat. Sterna hirundo) is a species of bird belonging to the gull family. In appearance, the Common Tern resembles the Arctic Tern, but is slightly smaller. The average body length of an adult bird is 31-35 cm, with a wing length of 25-29 cm and a maximum span of 70-80 cm. The slender bird has a forked tail and a red beak with a black tip. The main plumage is white or light gray, and the upper part of the head is painted in deep black tones.

Common or common nightjar

(lat. Caprimulgus europaeus) is not too large a night bird belonging to the family of true nightjars. Birds of this species have a graceful physique. The average length of an adult is 24-28 cm, with a wingspan of 52-59 cm. The body is of an elongated type, with sharp and long wings. The bird's beak is weak and very short, but with a very large mouth slit, in the corners of which there are hard and long bristles. Feathered legs are small. The plumage is loose and soft, with a typical patronizing color.

Common field lark

Field common lark (lat. Alauda arvensis) is a representative of the passerine species belonging to the lark family (Alaudidae). The bird has a soft, but attractive plumage color. The dorsal area is gray or brownish in color, with the presence of variegated blotches. The plumage of the bird in the abdomen is white, a rather wide chest is covered with brown variegated feathers. The tarsus is light brown. The head is more refined and neat, decorated with a small crest, and the tail is bordered by white feathers.

white wagtail

White Wagtail (lat. Motacilla alba) is a small bird belonging to the Wagtail family. The average body length of an adult white wagtail does not exceed 16-19 cm. A well-marked, long tail is very characteristic of representatives of the species. The upper part of the body has a predominantly gray color, and the lower part is covered with white feathers. The head is white, with a black throat and cap. The unusual name of the representatives of the species is due to the characteristic movements of the tail of the wagtail.

forest hawker

The forest hawker (lat. Prunella modularis) is a small songbird, which is the most widespread species from the small family of hawks. The plumage is characterized by a predominance of gray-brown tones. The head, throat and chest area, as well as the neck are ash-gray in color. There are dark brown spots on the crown and in the nape area. The beak is relatively thin, blackish-brown in color, with some expansion and flattening at the base of the mandible. The belly is slightly whitish, the undertail area is grayish-ocher. The legs are reddish brown.

Belobrovik

(lat. Turdus iliacus Linnaeus) is the smallest in body size and one of the most common representatives of thrushes living in the territory of the former Soviet Union. The average length of an adult bird is 21-22 cm. In the back area, the feathers have a brownish-green or olive-brown color. The lower part of the plumage is light, with the presence of dark spots. The sides of the breast and the covering lower feathers of the wings are distinguished by a rusty-rufous coloration. The female has paler plumage.

Bluethroat

Bluethroat (lat. Luscinia svecica) is a medium-sized bird belonging to the Flycatcher family and the passerine order. The average body length of an adult is 14-15 cm. The dorsal region is brown or grayish-brown in color, the rump is reddish. The male's goiter and throat are blue with a reddish or whitish spot in the middle. The blue color in the lower part is bordered by a blackish tint. The female has a whitish throat with a slight blue. The tail is reddish-brown with a blackish upper part. The plumage of the female is devoid of red and blue. The throat is whitish in color, bordered by a characteristic half-ring of a brownish hue. The beak is black.

Green warbler

The green warbler (lat. Phylloscopus trochiloides) is a small-sized songbird belonging to the warbler family (Sylviidae). Representatives of the species outwardly resemble a forest warbler, but have a smaller and more stocky physique. The dorsal area is olive green, and the belly is covered with grayish-white plumage. Paws are brown. The green warbler has a small, white, inconspicuous stripe on the wings. The average length of an adult is approximately 10 cm, with a wingspan of 15-21 cm.

swamp warbler

Swamp warbler (lat. Acrocephalus palustris) is a relatively medium-sized songbird belonging to the Acrocephalidae family. Representatives of this species are characterized by an average length of 12-13 cm, with a wingspan of 17-21 cm. In appearance, the Swamp warbler practically does not differ from the common reed warbler. The plumage of the upper side of the body is brownish-gray, and the lower part is represented by yellowish-white feathers. The throat is whitish. The beak is quite sharp, of medium length. Males and females have the same coloration.

coot redstart

Coot redstart (lat. Phoenicurus phoenicurus) is a small and very beautiful songbird belonging to the flycatcher family and the passerine order. Adult representatives of this species have an average size of 10-15 cm. The coloration of the tail and abdomen is rich red. The back has a grayish color. Females, as a rule, have more brown plumage. This bird owes its name to the periodic twitching of its bright tail, due to which the tail feathers resemble flames.

Birch or pied flycatcher

Birch (lat. Ficedula hypoleuca) is a songbird belonging to a fairly large family of flycatchers (Muscicapidae). The color of the plumage of an adult male is in black and white, of a contrasting type. The average body length does not exceed 15-16 cm. The back and crown area are black, and there is a white spot on the forehead. The loin area is gray, and the tail is covered with brownish-black feathers with white bordering. The wings of the bird are dark, brown or almost black in color with a large white spot. Juveniles and females have a duller coloration.

common lentil

Common lentil (lat. Carpodacus erythrinus) is a migratory bird that nests in forest areas and belongs to the finches family. The sizes of adults descend with the length of the body of a sparrow. In adult males, the back, tail and wings are reddish-brown in color. The feathers on the head and in the chest area are bright red. The abdomen of representatives of the Common Lentil species is white in color, with a characteristic pinkish tinge. Juveniles and females are brownish-gray in color, and the abdominal area is lighter than the plumage of the back.

reed

Reed (lat. Emberiza schoeniclus) is a small-sized bird belonging to the oatmeal family. Such birds have a body length of 15-16 cm, with a wing length of 7.0-7.5 cm, and a wingspan of 22-23 cm. The color of the chin, head and throat to the central part of the goiter is black. On the lower part of the body there is a white plumage with small dark lines on the sides. The back and shoulder area is dark in color, changing from gray tones to brown-black with lateral stripes. Light stripes are located on the edges of the tail. Females and juveniles lack black plumage in the head area.

Rook

(lat. Corvus frugilegus) is a large and conspicuous bird that is quite widespread in Eurasia and belongs to the genus of crows. Omnivorous birds nest in large colonies in trees and have a characteristic appearance. The average length of adult representatives of this species is 45-47 cm. The plumage is black, with a very clearly visible purple tint. In adult birds, the base of the beak is completely bare. Young individuals have feathers located at the very base of the beak.

Klintukh

Klintukh (lat. Columba oenas) is a bird that is a close relative of the rock dove. The average body length of an adult is 32-34 cm. Males are slightly larger and heavier than females. The bird has a bluish-gray color of plumage and the presence of a purple-greenish metallic tint in the neck. The chest of the klintukh is distinguished by a well-developed pinkish-wine tint. The iris is dark brown in color, and around the eyes there is a characteristic bluish-gray leathery ring.

Wintering birds are called birds that remain in their native land all year round. Animals are guided not so much by air temperature as by their personal abilities and the specifics of the food supply of the region.

Heat in the cold is only a well-fed feathered one. This means that a wintering bird must be able to get food among the snows. Accordingly, insectivorous species fly away in winter. There are those who are content with berries, seeds and predators hunting mice and hares. There are about 70 wintering bird species in Russia.

Pigeon

Their body temperature, like that of other birds, is 41 degrees. This is another proof that if food is available, feathered frosts do not care. not easy wintering birds, but "tied" to a specific place. Flying away from the "native nest" for thousands of kilometers, the gray ones always come back. People took advantage of this by sending letters with pigeons.

Having taken them to the addressee, the birds returned. Scientists debate how birds find their way home. Some refer to magnetic fields. Others believe that pigeons navigate by the stars. Pigeons are faithful not only to their native lands, but also to partners. A pair of birds is chosen once and for life, like swans.

Pigeons are very attached to their habitats and do not leave them when they have food.

Sparrow

Group of wintering birds consists of several types. Two live in Russia: city and field. The latter is typical for rural areas. The total number on the planet is close to a billion. Accordingly, one bird for 8 people.

Given that birds feed on grains, this is a threat to the crop. In China, they even carried out an action to destroy sparrows. Finding out that they could not fly for more than 15 minutes, people frightened the birds, preventing them from landing on the ground. Approximately 2 million individuals fell dead. However, in the absence of sparrows, it bred - another delicacy of birds. She ate the harvest instead of birds.

Like doves, sparrows tend to choose one mate for life. At the same time, birds have hot blood. Instead of 41 degrees, the sparrow's body heats up to 44 degrees. This is typical for small birds. They lose energy faster. Interestingly, the neck of a sparrow has 2 times more vertebrae than a giraffe. The point is the length of the fragments. Sparrows are flat.

Crossbill

This bird of the finches family has a bent, crooked beak. Its structure is determined by its function. With its beak, the crossbill picks up grains from cones. At the same time, a characteristic click is heard. Hence and names of wintering birds.

Despite the adaptability of the beak, it is not possible to take out all the pine nuts. The cones thrown by birds are cleaned. The males of the species are red-brown, and the females are gray-green-yellow. Such birds become by the age of 3. As adults, crossbills do not exceed 20 centimeters in length and weigh about 50 grams.

The intelligence of ravens, by the way, is comparable to the development of 5-year-old children. Birds solve the same logical problems. One of the indicators of the mind is the way the nests are protected. Ravens throw stones at enemies, picking them up in tenacious paws.

In food, birds are unpretentious, they absorb grains, vegetables, and bread. Birds often destroy the nests of other birds. But, the favorite delicacy of ravens is carrion. There is a lot of it in winter, because not all animals can withstand the cold. Here birds And remain to winter.

In poor prey years, polar owls migrate to the forest-steppe zone. The bird is large, up to 70 centimeters in length. The feathered one is gaining a 3-kilogram mass. That's about how much Harry Potter held on his arm. The hero of the work of Joan Rowling often used the services of Buckley. That was the name of the white owl, who served as a messenger for the wizard.

Kedrovka

The bird feeds on pine nuts. For them, the feathered one has a sublingual sac. It carries about 100 nuts. The Russian taiga is rich in cedar trees, which means that there is no need for the bird to fly away in winter. Some of the cones remain on the trees in winter.

We hide the nutcracker nuts that did not fit into the sublingual bag within a radius of 2-4 kilometers from the tree on which they ripened. In winter, stocks are buried in snowdrifts, and in summer in the ground. In Russia there is a monument to the nutcracker. He stands in Tomsk. The Siberian city is surrounded by cedar trees. The inhabitants of the region know and love their inhabitant, admiring her all year round.

Owl

Listed in Red. Pernatoe easily endures Russian winters, but cannot adapt to the reduction due to the destruction of the taiga of its fiefdom. However, eagle owls are able to live in captivity. In zoos and with private owners, birds lived to be 68 years old. In nature, the age of the owl is limited to 20 years. Like the snowy owl, it hunts for rodents, hares, martens.

Birds catch them around the clock. The main activity is at night. During the day, eagle owls sleep more often. Eagle owls swallow small prey whole. Large prey birds are first torn into pieces that can squeeze into the throat. Cases of owl attacks on young roe deer and wild boars have been recorded. This indicates the impressive size of the birds.

Nuthatch

The bird has a bluish back and a white belly. The sides of the feathered are red in black stripes. On the paws are curved sharp claws. With them, nuthatches dig into tree trunks, quickly and deftly moving along them. The bird is looking for hidden insects, their larvae. A sharp, long beak allows the nuthatch to get them in winter. The bird studies every crack in the bark with it.

They prefer to settle in oak forests. Where oaks do not grow, birds choose parks with deciduous plantings. Nuthatches look for trees with hollows, settling in them. If the entrance to the house is wide, it is coated with clay. The nuthatch is engaged in this work in the warm season.

Nuthatches prefer to survive the cold by nestling in hollow trees.

yellow-headed wren

Less than him only hummingbirds. On the bird's head is a yellow tuft resembling a crown. This association prompted the name feathered. It does not pull on the king, because it is the size of a dragonfly. The weight of the bird is about 7 grams.

Kinglets live in coniferous forests. Unlike hummingbirds, Russian dwarfs among birds endure a harsh climate. Even in winter, beetles manage to find insects and their larvae. On the day, the feathered eats as much food as it weighs itself.

Chizh

It is considered migratory. However, some siskins remain for the winter in Russia. Birds are ready to survive the winter here next to non-freezing reservoirs. Bird nests are arranged in the roots of trees near them.

Small birds so skillfully disguise dwellings that they became the heroes of the legend about the invisible stone. Our ancestors believed that such a crystal is placed under the nest, hiding it from prying eyes.

Wintering also includes hazel grouse, partridge. They warm themselves by burrowing into the snowdrifts. Under the snow, birds are looking for food - last year's grains and grasses.

The black grouse even uses the snow as a warm bed for the night.

In severe frosts, birds try to avoid flying. The area of ​​​​the body that increases with open wings leads to greater heat loss. The bird runs the risk of freezing instead of catching prey or getting to places with better weather.

Wintering birds of Russia

Let us consider in more detail the types of birds remaining to winter in Russia.

Since the picture above does not list all types wintering birds of Russia, for the sake of completeness, let's call them: Sparrow, Crows, Dove, Woodpecker, Nutcracker, Crossbill, Yellow-headed Kinglet, Partridge, Moskovka, Tawny Owl, Nuthatch, Grouse, Waxwing, Titmouse, Bullfinch, White Owl, Jay, Magpie, Black Grouse, Eagle Owl, Tap-dance , Lentil, Siskin, Goldfinch, Shchur.

In winter, it is cold and hungry for our feathered friends - wintering birds. It is about them that we will talk in our Internet lesson on the world around us.

Let's see what kind of birds there are.

• migratory- birds that, with the onset of cold days, fly to places rich in food,
• wintering(sedentary) - those of our feathered friends who stay with us for the winter.

What birds winter in our forests?

Crossbill

The bird got its name from its tick-like beak. Crossbills feed on spruce and pine seeds throughout the winter. In these plants, the seeds ripen by winter. This means that the most food for crossbills happens at this time of the year. Therefore, these birds breed their chicks in winter. Snow and frost all around, and babies in the nest. But they are not afraid of cold, because they are always full.

Bullfinches

For the property to appear with the first snow - and they called him a bullfinch. Most often, in photos or paintings, these pichugs are depicted sitting on rowan branches. Her berries are their favorite food. Moreover, they do not eat the pulp, but only peck out the seeds. Because of this, gutted red crumbs of berries are always scattered under the tree in the snow. In winter, bullfinches eat the seeds of alder, maple, ash, hornbeam, and elderberry. In the summer, in the fields, they feast on the seeds of quinoa, burdock, horse sorrel and other herbs.

Woodpecker

Who among us has not heard how the restless drummer of our forests, the woodpecker, is knocking, hammering on a tree. But you can recognize a woodpecker not only by knocking, but also by a characteristic cry similar to “ki-ki-ki”. Everyone calls him a forest doctor because he heals trees - he pulls out harmful insects and their larvae from the trunk and from under the bark. With its cone-shaped sharp beak, the woodpecker hourly hollows out the bark of a tree. To a depth of up to 10 cm, he hollows out a funnel and takes out an insect with a sticky tongue. The tongue is long, up to 4 cm.

waxwing

You will see an etuptitsa with us only in winter - it flies to us to spend the winter from the north. You recognize her by her beautiful plumage, large tuft and sharp loud voice. The waxwing got its name from the sounds that it makes when singing: sw-ri-ri. In winter, their main food is the berries of mountain ash, viburnum, wild rose, lingonberries, and indeed any berry bushes. Waxwings eat a lot, stuff their stomachs tightly. But most of these berries are not digested, so in winter the place where the crested beauties feasted is easy to recognize. Under a bare tree, the snow is all strewn with bright spots of half-digested berries with seeds and pecked peel.

Sparrow

Sparrow is one of the most famous birds that live in the neighborhood of a human dwelling. Here he finds good conditions for building nests and a lot of food, nests in separate pairs, sometimes in colonies. Sparrow nests can be found in the crevices of buildings, in burrows in clay ravines, in tree hollows. The bird can also occupy a birdhouse and a swallow hole. Sparrows feed on seeds. They love hemp, sunflower, wheat grains, but they will also peck at bread crumbs. Watch how skillfully they fight in the yard with pigeons for their piece of bread.

Pigeon

Perhaps the most famous bird in the city is the dove. These birds are so accustomed to life in the city that they are not at all afraid of people, often taking food directly from the palm of a person. In addition to seeds and bread, pigeons eat various grains, seeds, plants, and berries. Pigeons also drink a lot of water so that solid food softens faster. These birds find places where they can hide from the cold, but at the same time fly out every day in search of food. Most often, attics of residential buildings serve as such a refuge for them. In winter, it is very difficult for birds to find food for themselves, and without food it is difficult for them to cope with the frost, so we must not forget about them and periodically feed the birds in the cold season so that they do not die.

Tit

The titmouse is a very mobile and fidgety bird: it will not sit still.Its beak is sharp and strong, and its paws are very tenacious, which allows the bird to cling to a branch and hang upside down.He sings loudly: “Xin-sin, ping-ping”, knows how to whistle and crackle. For her singing, she received the name "tit".Titmouse arrange their nests in hollows, mouse holes, various cracks and voids. Tits live everywhere: in forests, mountains, villages, parks and gardens. In winter, tits fly closer to humans. These birds eat everything in a row: grains, cereals, bread crumbs, pieces of meat, lard and even cottage cheese.

Magpie

Magpie lives in the forest. The nest is high up in a tree of branches. A magpie flies through the forest - it chirps, and flies up to the nest - it falls silent, does not want to show it to anyone.The magpie finds different food for itself: it eats beetles, larvae, caterpillars, loves bird eggs very much, steals them from the nests of other birds. For this, they called her the magpie-thief. It catches forty mice, frogs, and can drag a chicken.Magpie finds food at any time of the year, winter is not terrible for her. In winter, beetles and larvae do not appear, they hide from the cold under the bark of trees; in winter, there are no eggs in bird nests. So the magpie flies out of the forest closer to people.

Crow

. The crow is an omnivorous bird.All kinds of food waste is the usual and favorite food of the crow, so a large accumulation of these birds is often observed in city dumps. The crow feeds on insect larvae that teem in manure. In the absence of animal food, the crow eats plants and their seeds, fruits and vegetables. A modern urban crow can open a carton of milk, break a walnut, soak a rusk in a puddle, open a tin can. INsevere frosts, you can watch their huge flocks that fly from place to place.The life expectancy of a crow in nature is 15-20 years.

Test your knowledge about wintering birds

http://LearningApps.org/1216046 Birds of our region Grade 1

http://LearningApps.org/1141459 Mosaic

http://LearningApps.org/1891928 Winter Birds

Why you need to feed birds in winter

Feed the birds in winter.
Let from all over
They will flock to you, like home,
Stakes on the porch.
Their food is not rich.
Need a handful of grain
One handful -
And not scary
They will have winter.
How many of them die - do not count,
It's hard to see.
But in our heart there is
And the birds are warm.
Is it possible to forget:
Could fly away
And stayed for the winter
Along with people.
Train the birds in the cold
To your window
So that without songs it was not necessary
We welcome spring.

Dining room for birds

Birdwatching in the winter canteen

You can not only feed the birds, but also watch them. And write down all your observations, i.e. try yourself as an ORNITOLOGIST.

Questions to help you in birdwatching.

1. You can write by day what birds fly into the feeder.
2. How they behave, whether they quarrel with each other, whether they drive away other birds from the feeder.
3. What do they prefer from food.
4. Do they fly in flocks or alone.
5. What time do the birds arrive in the winter dining room.
6. Do they eat food right in the feeder or grab a grain and fly away to another branch.

V. Bianchi

Who is full, the cold is not terrible http://www.miksike.net/documents/main/lisa/teksty/golodno.htm

V. Bianchi

Forest newspaper No. 12. Month Endure until spring.

Video about wintering birds

wintering birds

https://youtu.be/aIQXxL8wRkM

Wintering birds. Educational video for toddlers

The bullfinch is a bird well known to many. He's a little bigger than a sparrow. Males are striking from a distance with their bright red coloration of the underside of the body. Females have a more modest outfit: their head, wings and tail are black, like those of males, but the lower part is colored gray. On sunny days in February, it is often possible to hear the soft, creaking song of a bullfinch, which is a leisurely hoarse whistle, reproduced in different tones. At bullfinches, not only males, but also females sing, which is not typical for songbirds at all.

With the onset of autumn, more and more bullfinches begin to appear on personal plots. With a quiet hoarse whistling (fu...fu) they sit down on the mountain ash and slowly take to their favorite food. Bullfinches are solid birds, they don’t fuss, they don’t rush. They are also knights: males. No matter how hungry, the best bunches of mountain ash will always give way to the female. Having calmly processed one tree, the flock flies to the next one. And he does this at the command of the leader: he will slightly raise his wings. He will show everyone (for this he will jump on a branch, turn in different directions) a white spot on his lower back. This is the team: Fly! and the birds strictly obey.

If you carefully observe how bullfinches eat mountain ash, you can see that they throw out the pulp of the berry and eat only the seeds. Therefore, under the tree on which the bullfinches fed, you can always find rowan berries with a corroded middle. Bullfinches can also be seen feeding on ash or maple trees. They also collect seeds of horse sorrel, wormwood. Due to their slowness, bullfinches often fall into the paws of a cat.

Summer will come, and bullfinches will fly into the forest, there, in May, bullfinches build nests. They twist them from dry grass on fir trees or cedars. These are cautious and shy birds. If they are disturbed, they easily abandon nests with a full clutch. The clutch is incubated by the female. The male takes care of her food. He feeds the female with various insects, seeds collected on branches and in the grass. After leaving the nest, broods of young bullfinches gather in places rich in berries and seeds.

During autumn migrations, they fly into vegetable gardens where there are weeds; it happens that they feed there for several days. In late autumn, together with the young, they will appear in the city on the first powder. It is not for nothing that bullfinches call them - they fly with snow.

tits

The family of tits is widespread in Eurasia, a small number lives in North America and Africa. And only 65 species, consisting of 10 genera.

The great tit is the most common tit in our district, one of the largest representatives of the family, its body length is 130-165 mm, and its weight is about 20 g.

Tit - catches our eye more often in the fall. She spends the summer in the forests, where she builds a nest in the hollows of old trees. From morning to evening, without resting for a moment, she flies, flits from tree to tree, from branch to branch, rummaging through everything, examining everything. Climbing, tumbling, hanging upside down, clinging to the thin tip of a branch - the tit is a great craftswoman.

Its strong legs, equipped with very sharp and sharply curved claws, serve as an excellent tool for it. Her wings are short, as if cut off.

Tits are useful to our forests, they exterminate caterpillars during the nesting period, as well as testicles and pupae of insects. The tit collects 500-600 caterpillars a day. A pair of titmouse, having settled in the garden, can save up to 40 fruit trees from harmful insects. Even in the cold of December, flocks of tits carefully examine tree after tree in search of hibernating insects. No wonder flocks of tits are called the winged militia of the forest.

Tits nest in hollows or in birdhouses, which are sometimes hung in the forest. Tit chicks are hatched twice a year. The brood in the first period of life usually consists of 10-12 chicks. For tits there are also some sins: they sometimes ruin the nests of small songbirds.

The main enemy of our cute birds are the jay bird and the harsh winter. Their dense, fluffy plumage, which is an excellent warm coat for birds, perfectly protects from a large cold. In the most severe frosts, tits clog into hollows or crevices and sleep, closely clinging to each other. It turns out a fluffy ball, from which tails stick out in different directions. So sleep, of course, warmer. Much more dangerous than the cold for tits is snow and hoarfrost, covering the branches of trees with a thick layer and depriving the tits of the opportunity to feed.

The titmouse is not a migratory bird, but sometimes wanders very far. Titmouses ringed near Moscow were caught even in Italy

In addition to the great tit, we have wintering chickadees, small birds of the tit family, have a black or brown cap, white sides of the head, a dark throat and a light bottom. Body length 11.5 - 15 cm, weight 9 - 12 g. Birds live in the forest, outside of which they are found only during migrations. They feed on various insects, in winter - the seeds of spruce, pine, fir. In autumn, food is stored in cracks in the bark and branches of the middle part of the crown of coniferous trees. There are 2 species in the area. Brown-headed titmouse, or puff, nests in all areas, in all types of forests, including floodplain small-leaved ones. Sedentary, partly nomadic bird, the most numerous species of tits. Unlike other types of tits, they often hollow out hollows in trees with soft wood that easily rots under natural conditions (aspen, alder, birch), which are subsequently used by other small birds - hollow-nesting birds (tits, flycatchers, etc.). Gray-headed tit nests in hollows, but the female does not hollow them out, but occupies natural or already prepared hollows of woodpeckers or other tits. One of the few insectivorous birds wintering near the northern border of the taiga. a rare species, lives in spruce, larch forests, pine forests. From September to March, the birds roam at first in small family flocks, and then join mixed tit flocks. Quite silent, the voice is similar to the voice of a brown-headed tit, and the alarming cry is like the voice of a great tit. They are of great benefit, destroying large quantities of insects - pests of coniferous trees. Subject to protection.

Titmouse, birds of the tit songbird family. Body length 11 - 15 cm. Males and females are colored the same, they differ from other members of the family in blue tones of color. The beak is short. In the district, they are represented by one species: the white tit, or princeling, a mobile bird that inhabits floodplain shrubs and forests with dense undergrowth, marshy, bushy areas of deciduous forests, willows, overgrown damp areas of lowlands and swamps. Relatively regularly recorded on wintering grounds in the vicinity of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk. Feeds on insects, in winter - seeds of birch and spruce. It collects food on the branches of trees, in winter it pecks at the stems of horse sorrel, panicles of reed, umbrella. Autumn migrations are observed in the second half of September - early October. Beneficial, destroying insects - pests of the forest.

Moskovka, black tit. Body length 11 - 12 cm, weight about 9 g. In the region, nests in most of its territory to the north to the Vakha basin, the upper reaches of the Tromyogan, Malaya Sosva reserve (autumn and winter bird sightings are also known to the north). Common, but rare sedentary species. It feeds mainly on insects, and in winter - on coniferous seeds, and plant foods are consumed to a greater extent, unlike other types of tits. It searches for food and collects it on the terminal shoots of trees, hangs it from cones, examines the forest floor or snow. Stores food for the winter, but because Muscovy usually migrates, the stocks are consumed by birds that have arrived from the northern regions. Beneficial, destroying pests of coniferous trees.

Waxwings

In late autumn or winter, flocks of rather large and very beautiful birds sometimes appear on the streets of cities.

Sitting on the trees, they seem to look around for a while, quietly and melodiously chirping at the same time. And suddenly the chirping is interrupted by a loud, sharp cry. It is, apparently, for this cry that the birds got their name - waxwings. To whistle in the old Russian language meant: to whistle or shout loudly and sharply.

Waxwings do not fly away, even when they come close. They do not fly away at all because they want people to get a better look at their fervent large tufts on their heads, beautiful plumage or unusual decorations: shiny, bright corals - keratinized scales in the form of falling drops on feathers. No, it's just that in the forest-tundra and taiga - in those places where waxwings nest - people do not touch them. And the birds are accustomed to trust them. Trust them and away. In the middle latitudes, where they fly to warm up: after all, here, in comparison with what is happening at this time in their homeland, it is warm! And yes, there is a lot more food.

Waxwings feed on berries, in particular, they love mountain ash. If there are a lot of mountain ash, they will remain, if there are few, they will fly south. And closer to spring, on the way home. They will appear again.

Now it has become clear. Where and why waxwings appear. And once the appearance of these birds in the middle of winter caused a lot of talk, it was considered a bad omen. Even zoologists could not explain where and why the waxwings fly. Their nesting sites were not known. For the first time, the nest of this bird was discovered in Lapland only in the middle of the last century.

And it is no coincidence that the German scientist A. Brem began his story about waxwings as follows: The extraordinary has always been considered a miracle, for the miraculous begins where understanding ends.

In spring, waxwings return to their homeland - to the forest-tundra, to the taiga. They build their nests there - massive structures. In which chicks are hatched and fed with insects (usually there are five of them). For two weeks of feeding waxwings destroy a huge number of six-legged, especially bloodsuckers. These are extremely helpful. And in the rest of the year, although they feed on berries, they bring undoubted benefits by settling plants.

Sparrow

Sparrow - there is no other bird that would make as much noise as a sparrow. They shout, quarrel, bawl because of every trifle - without this it is impossible in any way. Sparrows are of great benefit, and therefore they need to be protected, not persecuted.

Many do not even suspect that in our country there are not one, but two types of sparrows: urban and field, or rural. You can tell them apart by their appearance. The village sparrow is smaller than the city sparrow, but dressed more elegantly. He has black spots on his white cheeks, and a brown cap on his head.

Once sparrows were inhabitants of the southern countries. For our winter frosts, they are dressed too lightly and cannot spend the night under the open sky in winter. Therefore, they stay closer to human habitation. And they build a winter nest for themselves under the eaves of houses, in attics, in livestock rooms.

In winter, sparrows are silent and rarely give a voice. In the morning they feed, then bask somewhere in a warm place, then feed again, and before dusk they rush to their warm nests for the night. And if someone takes someone else's place. There are fights with chirping and squeaking. If, before sunset, several dozen sparrows, gathered on a tree, chirp intensely, according to popular signs, frosts are approaching.

Sparrows arrange nests more often in human buildings, less often in hollows, earthen burrows. The sparrow's nest is loose, lined with feathers, down, and wool. Usually the same pair occupies one nest for several years. In the nest, sparrows lay 5-6 white eggs with purple spots, after 11-13 days chicks are born. They are fed by both parents. Mostly insects, earthworms. On sunny days they chase dragonflies and butterflies. While guarding the nest, the male often fights with other sparrows flying by. After 10-11 days, the chicks fly out of the nest, leave the parental home and stray into yard flocks. Under the supervision of 2-3 old men, they feed on young grass, rest on fences, and spend the night in dense trees. Birds feed on the outskirts of cities, where there are thickets of nettles, wormwood, swans.

It happens that sparrows harm a person, peck at fruit in gardens, and harm grain crops. But the benefits from them are still greater than the harm. And when in China they decided to exterminate field sparrows, the number of harmful insects increased many times over.

By the beginning of autumn, when the chores about the children are over, the sparrows gather in large flocks and stay all winter near human dwellings, until the onset of spring.

Sparrow is the first visitor to the feeders. He is very smart - he lives next to a person. But it is more difficult to catch it than many wild birds.

crows

There is, perhaps, no bird in the world with a darker reputation. In folk tales and legends, she is both wise and cunning, but very rarely kind. But often acts as a fortune teller. Why the raven has such a reputation is hard to say. Maybe because of the looks? Really,

Crows are massive, large birds (some weigh up to one and a half kilograms) with large black beaks and are completely black themselves. Maybe this is the reason? But there are many black animals, and no one is afraid of them (the exception is black cats, but here the reasons are different). It is said that the raven, because it feeds on carrion, anticipates the death of animals. And at the same time he can call her. Also not convincing. There are many animals that feed exclusively on carrion, but they are not afraid of them, and they are afraid of ravens that feed not only on carrion. But the fact is the fact: ravens are disliked and feared. But these birds are amazing!

It is believed that all ravens relatives (ravens and jackdaws, jays and rooks, nutcrackers and magpies) are the smartest birds. And among the relatives, the smartest is the raven.

Legends tell of his intelligence. And the experiments done by scientists confirmed that these birds are really outstanding. Ravens found a way out of situations in which not only other birds, but also many mammals would be at an impasse, they solved puzzles for animals and amazed people more than once.

But not only in mind, and in character, these birds are unusual. No, crows are not gloomy, as they are said to be. Young are easily tamed, know and love their owners, many are capable of onomatopoeia and often reproduce human speech. And in their attachments they are distinguished by constancy.

Pairs of crows form for life. And since these birds live for a long time (three hundred years, as popular rumor says, it is unlikely, but they live up to seventy), many could celebrate golden weddings. They show the same constancy in relation to nests. Ravens have two nests: they settle in each every other year and can occupy them for decades, regularly repairing or building on them. The raven nests on impregnable rocks and tall trees. The raven house is large in size and able to support the weight of an adult. Birds build their dwelling from large branches and grass, the central part is coated with clay and insulated with a thick layer of wool, pieces of animal skins and other soft materials. The first among all birds (except crossbills) begin to build nests and prepare for breeding. The snow has not completely melted yet, and the female is already sitting on her eggs. Raven is constantly there, absent only for food for himself and his girlfriend. At the beginning of spring, chicks hatch, and the parents carry food to the voracious offspring for three weeks.

They are also attached to their chicks (crows often have four or six of them), and the children reciprocate - already becoming adults, they do not leave their parents for a long time.

These birds are excellent flyers. It seems that they have no equal in this. When playing, they rapidly rush in the air, dive with half-folded wings, make turns, dead loops, corkscrews, Candles and other aerobatics.

The raven is able to soar for hours, looking for food for its family from a height. Crows are mainly predators and scavengers. In both, they are masters of their craft: they hunt well and have an excellent ability to detect carrion. In the first case, many pest rodents of fields and forests are destroyed, in the second, the forests are cleared of the corpses of dead and dead animals that could become sources of various epidemics, for which he is called a natural orderly.

Jay

The younger sister of the crow, the jay, belongs to the same family. Lives in the forest all year round, making small migrations in winter to forest parks and to the outskirts of settlements. The color of the jay is bright, the general background is red, the wings and tail are black, on the wing fold there are white-blue mirrors. The voice of this noisy bird is a sharp gee ... gee ... gee, loud keey ... keey-keey. Singing is a tongue twister of various sounds, including various imitated sounds: the voices of birds, the barking of a dog, the creaking of a door. She has a strong black beak with a tooth at the end, sharp claws on her feet.

It feeds, like all corvids, on plant and animal food. Jay food - spruce and sunflower seeds, oat grains. In summer, she catches beetles, hornets, lizards, mice, frogs, and attacks nestlings of other birds. In autumn it stores food for the winter, mainly acorns and cedar seeds, in winter it will give them from under the snow. With an abundance of food, it makes significant reserves in the forest litter and tree hollows. The nest is hidden in the forest, placing it in the middle part of the crown of a tree or tall shrub. For the construction uses thin branches, roots and grass, the tray is lined with wool. Both birds build nests in twig trees. 5-8 eggs laid in April incubate for 17 days. At the age of 20 days, the chicks leave the nest.

It keeps secretly near the nest, so it is difficult to see the family of jays.

Magpie

The white-sided magpie is the most friendly nickname for this bird. And then after all, she is a ratchet, and a gossip, and a thief, and even a robber.

Of course, there are some reasons for such offensive nicknames. Not a single forest incident is complete without a magpie - it will definitely appear, look at everything, find out and immediately rush off to notify the entire district. Well, isn't it a gossip? And what annoyance magpies sometimes cause among hunters! The magpie does not retreat a single step from the man with the gun, it crackles without stopping, informing animals and birds of the danger.

It is not for nothing that they call the magpie a thief - he loves to grab what lies badly. And edible would be fine. And then, after all, she drags nails, and coins, and keys, and bright pieces of paper, and fragments of colored glass into the nest ... and they don’t call a robber for nothing either: either she swoops into someone else’s nest, or grabs a chicken, or takes care of melons.

This is something people know well. But many others do not know. Because this ratchet does not really reveal its own secrets to people. For example, she spins and spins in front of everyone, but she hides the nest in such a way that even an experienced hunter will not always find it. And he will find, hardly guess. That this is a shapeless pile of branches on a tree - an excellent architectural structure, made to last. Thick boughs and branches are fastened with grass and cemented with clay, the notch is plastered, the interior is made of thin twigs, the nest is lined with wool, moss, and dry blades of grass. From above, magpies arrange a roof of thick knots and branches. True, such a roof does not save from rain, but it protects perfectly from predators. And very few people know that these frivolous gossips are friendly and faithful spouses. The nest is built together, and when the female sits on the eggs, the male is always nearby on guard. The chicks are born so weak and helpless that the mother does not leave them for the first days, warms them all the time. And the male brings them food. Then both parents feed the gluttonous and vociferous magpies.

Spouses do not part with each other even in winter - they fly together to human habitation, chat and gossip together, and in early spring they return to the nest to repair it and prepare it for future offspring: in March, the female already lays eggs. And the usual chores begin. So they don’t have much time left for robbery and theft. But magpies manage to do good deeds - all spring, summer, autumn they destroy a large number of insects and rodents. They destroy so much that many times they cover the harm that they sometimes bring.

Here's a forty-white-sided! By the way, it is really white-sided: its white feathers are always clean, smoothed. Somehow the magpie manages not to get dirty in any conditions.

schur

These birds of the taiga forests are rarely found among amateurs, since in the central regions they roam in the autumn-winter time, and migrations are massive only in some years. Large. Approximately the size of a starling, the male screech is very smart; the head, neck, chest and back are orange-red, and in old individuals they are crimson; wings and tail grayish black; white outer webs of primary and covert feathers form two rows of longitudinal stripes. In young and females, the main background of plumage is grayish-orange. For its short, hook-shaped beak in front, the common scurvy got the name of the Finnish parrot. The tail is slightly wrinkled. In winter, smurfs, uniting in flocks, wander gradually to the south and stick to coniferous forests. The food of the schurs is mainly the seeds of coniferous trees. Nests. Twisted from coniferous twigs, from stalks and lichen, are placed on the branches near the trunk. A full clutch consists of 3-4 greenish-blue eggs with dark spots. The common shur is a circumpolar bird, the indigenous inhabitants of the coniferous taiga, even its northern outskirts. In Russia, they nest on the Kola Peninsula, near the White Sea, on the lower Pechora, and beyond the Urals - throughout Northern Siberia to Kamchatka and in the cedar forests of the Baikal region and Altai.

Goldfinch

The goldfinch is a very mobile bird, which does not stay in one place for a long time, sings a lot, especially during the inviting flight and, of course, attracts attention. The goldfinch does not like to sit on the ground, prefers to fly.

The goldfinch stands out for its red-black-yellow coloration, it can hardly be confused with any other bird.

In autumn and winter, flocks of carduelis roam from field to field, through abandoned meadows and fields, where they collect seeds of thistles, burdocks and other weeds, or deftly climb the thinnest branches of birch and alder, taking seeds out of small cones. Some goldfinches roam near nesting sites. The rest in October-November go on long journeys to the south of Europe. From there they return in March-April and settle in an open landscape with woody vegetation, gardens, alleys. And also in rare deciduous and mixed forests. Goldfinches make most nests on deciduous, often fruit trees, usually at the end of a branch, away from the trunk. As a building material, the female uses light roots, dry grass, moss and various grasses. Then she covers the nests with cobwebs from the surrounding trees. Clutch 4 - 5 eggs. In a nest lined with down, wool, horse hair and feathers, the female incubates the eggs alone, leaving the male to take care of the food for her. The male stays close to the nest all the time, diligently feeds his girlfriend and sings songs to her. The song is beautiful sonorous trills (more than 20 variants), consisting of loud, with a slowing down rhythm, exclamations, whistles, rattling and crackling sounds. After the appearance of the chicks, the male also helps the female to feed the offspring.

white owl

Owls are called feathered cats because they exterminate hordes of rodents. A sharp hooked beak, long claws, large eyes and keen hearing help to catch prey. They hunt at dusk and at night. These are rare and beautiful birds that require careful treatment and widespread protection.

The white owl nests in the tundra. But during the long polar night it is difficult to get food, and it migrates further south. It occurs in winter in open areas: in fields, near swamps, in forest-steppe areas, near power lines. It is said that the owl calls to the frost. The eyes of an owl are motionless and are located not on the sides of the head, but in front, so the owl has to turn its head in different directions. But it is convenient for her to determine the distance to the victim. The owl rests during the day and flies at night. Owls see well day and night. They have very sensitive hearing. For more than a hundred meters, the owl hears the rustle of a running mouse. Owls do not build their nests, but occupy hollows and other people's dwellings. The owl is included in the Red Book.

Owl

The Eagle Owl is the largest owl in our region. The color is red, the eyes are orange, on the head are tufts of ear feathers. Lives in a dense forest, away from settlements. Hooting and laughter of eagle owls can be heard for several kilometers. The nest is located on a rocky ledge, in a shelter of thick branches, under a fallen tree. They begin incubation in early spring, in a clutch of up to five white eggs. The number of chicks in the brood directly depends on the amount of food. Eagle owls feed on mouse-like rodents, ground squirrels, chipmunks, hares, hazel grouses, capercaillie. The species is specially protected, few in number, included in the Red Book of Russia.

tawny owl

The owl is a genus of the owl family. Large forest owls without ears. Body length from 30 to 84 cm. The facial disc is well developed. The beak is high, laterally compressed. The fingers are feathered. Of the 12 species in the district - 2.

The Great Gray Owl is the largest (body length 60 - 70 cm) owl with a dark variegated color, yellow eyes, a black spot under the beak. The bearded owl inhabits old forests, forest swamps, taiga thicket. It flies relatively slowly. It hunts in the evening and at night, and in winter, on cloudy days, sometimes during the day. It feeds mainly on mouse-like rodents, sometimes attacks medium-sized birds - cuckoos, hazel grouse, etc. For nesting, it uses old nests of birds of prey. There are four or five white eggs in a clutch. Incubation lasts about a month, the male feeds the female, bringing prey to the nest. These owls selflessly protect the chicks, near the nest they can even attack a bear and a person.

The long-tailed or Ural owl nests in all areas. In autumn and winter, in some years, some individuals also wander to the south of the district. This type of owl is slightly smaller than the previous one. The plumage color is gray with mottled, the eyes are black, the tail is long, clearly visible from a distance. It is often found near human habitation. Owls hunt at dusk; in winter, flights are not uncommon during the day, when predators look out for prey from a height. The flight is smooth, silent, the long tail sags down during the flight. Tawny owls inhabit any forests, keep near the edges, clearings and other open places. Nests are located in hollows, semi-hollows or in old nests of large birds. The clutch appears in early spring from three to four eggs. The male feeds the incubating female near the nest. And the Ural Owl feeds on rodents and small animals up to the size of a hazel grouse.

Kedrovka

Nutcracker, or Nutcracker, is a bird slightly larger than a jackdaw, with dark brownish-brown plumage decorated with whitish spots on the tops of feathers. The bird is widespread in taiga forests. In harvest years, the number of nutcrackers increases and they successfully endure the winter. In lean years, most birds leave their homeland, and those that remain to spend the winter without food lead a hungry existence. In search of food, they sometimes find themselves at landfills or in settlements.

When the nut ripens, the Nutcrackers store it from morning to evening. From the cones, they take only full nuts, leaving empty ones. They carry nuts in their pantries in special bags that can hold up to 100 pieces. Nuts are usually buried in piles of up to 20-30 pieces under moss, at the bottom of a non-freezing swamp stream.

Reserves begin to be used as soon as snow falls. But those nuts that the nutcracker does not find do not go to waste: they give rise to new cedars, so these birds help the tree to settle, to occupy new areas.

Nutcrackers are noisy in autumn, and silent in spring. During nesting time they keep secretly, in remote areas of the forest. The nest is built together, within 8 - 10 days, from dry branches, pieces of rotten stumps, lichens, grasses. It turns out to be warm and dense, since during this period there is still a lot of snow in the forest, it can be cold. Incubation lasts 18 - 20 days. For about 10 days, the parents take turns keeping the chicks warm and feeding them with pine nut kernels. After 24-25 days, the chicks begin an independent life. During the flowering of bird cherry, summer broods of nutcrackers can be found. And by the time the pine nuts ripen, the young are already indistinguishable from their parents.

Man has long and persistently studied nature and penetrates even the most blatant secrets. And, nevertheless, nature constantly presents him with surprises where, it would seem, nothing can be expected. It seems that everything is clear in some question, everything is calculated, measured, checked. And then it turns out that everything is not so, everything is vice versa. This happens both in big questions and in private ones, as, for example, with the nutcracker bird. There seems to be nothing to think about: this bird feeds on pine nuts and eats a lot of them. One is already bad. But she also arranges pantries in hollows, and in the ground, and under the moss - she stocks up food for the winter. And she has more than one closet.

Well, everything is clear: the nutcracker plunders nuts. Both squirrels and other inhabitants of the taiga, for whom nuts are an important product, get much less. It was even believed that where there are many nutcrackers, the amount of squirrels is reduced. So, a harmful bird is a nutcracker.

But relatively recently it became clear that the nutcracker not only does not harm, but in many respects, thanks to this bird, cedar forests generally exist.

Nutcrackers are really very thrifty, but also very forgetful. They get to one of their pantries in winter, they even make deep tunnels in the snow for this. But others are forgotten or cannot be found. And here in the deaf clearings, on the burned areas, young sprouts of cedar pine appear. Where did they come from? Who planted them? It turns out, nutcracker! Foresters believe that the renewal of the cedar on the burnt areas is the merit of the nutcrackers only. Trees appear from sown, that is, nuts hidden and not used by the bird.

But nutcrackers feed not only on the seeds of coniferous trees, they also willingly eat insects. Insects are also fed to the chicks. Chicks usually come in three or four. Nutcrackers incubate, feed and raise their offspring in remote parts of the forest. At this time, birds lead a hidden lifestyle. But now the chicks have grown up, and already in any part of the coniferous taiga, where there is a cedar, pine, spruce, you can see these birds.

Crossbills

Klest - settles only in coniferous forests. Crossbills nest on spruce and pine trees, feed on the seeds of spruce and pine and feed their chicks. The ends of the upper and lower parts of the beak at crossbills cross. This structure allows them to easily bend the tightly pressed scales of the cone and get seeds from under them.

Walking through the forest, you can see how from time to time cones fall from the fir trees. These are crossbills for breakfast. In some cases, while extracting seeds, they hang on the cones upside down. In others, they pluck cones and sit with them on thick branches. Over a short winter period, red-breasted crossbills sort out a lot of cones, but they do not completely clean each one.

In good years, crossbills live all year round in the same place and even nest in winter. Arranging a winter nest, crossbills make it massive and thick so that it does not freeze. The nest is built by both parents, but the male brings more building material. They place the nest closer to the trunk, under the good protection of an overhanging branch, at a height of 2-10 meters.

The clutch consists of 4-5 eggs, incubated from the first egg. The female sits on the nest without flying for 13-14 days, until the chicks appear. Furry is much better. than other bird species. The whole family is first fed by one male father with seeds softened in the goiter, which accumulate up to 200 pieces, then the female joins him. At first, the chicks that have flown out of the nest have a beak without crossed ends, so they cannot get the seeds out of the cones for some time and the parents continue to feed them.

The most common species in our area is the spruce crossbill. It is small (slightly larger than a sparrow). Brightly colored bird: old males are crimson red, females are greenish yellow. Young birds are brown with dark oblong streaks below. During the years of seed harvest, these birds appear in large numbers, in lean years they are almost invisible - they migrate to other areas rich in food.

Crossbills are usually kept in flocks of 15-20 birds. Most often we see them flying over the forest. They fly in an undulating flight, all the while calling to one another in high, abrupt voices: tick-tic-tic. When the crossbills sit on the top of a spruce, hung with cones, and start feeding, their voice becomes lower, clattering: tsok-tsok-tsok. Sometimes crossbills also feed on pines and larches.

Nuthatch

Many people know this bird. A small, short-tailed bird with a bluish back, white belly, rufous flanks, and a black stripe across the eye. She always impresses with her ability to quickly climb tree trunks in any direction. The paws and toes of the nuthatch are very strong and mobile and are armed with sharp, sharply curved claws.

The beak of the nuthatch is long and sharp. A nuthatch can even crush a hazelnut with them. The bark is rarely hollowed out by an od, but it will check all the cracks in the bark, and pick up another crack.

The chicks at the nuthatch do not come out of the hollow ahead of time. They sit there until the wings grow back. The chick will get out of the hollow and immediately fly.

Before you see the nuthatch, you can hear the characteristic cry of this bird twut-twist-twist or sit-sit-sit, then you can find the bird itself by its voice.

Nuthatches settle mainly in deciduous forests. Especially a lot of them in oak forests. In the northern regions, nuthatches nest almost exclusively in parks where there are deciduous trees. For nesting, hollows with a very narrow inlet are chosen. If the entrance to the hollow is wide, the nuthatch narrows it, coating the edges with clay. Breeds early. The chicks usually leave the nest in late May - early June.

This bird is usually brisk, while singing it sits motionless in a conspicuous place, from time to time reproducing a very loud, drawn-out, rather low-pitched whistle, repeated several times in a row kui-kui-kui .... Apparently, it is precisely for this powerful whistling people called the nuthatch a coachman.

yellow-headed kinglet

They are the smallest birds in our hemisphere. Only in the Western Hemisphere there are birds smaller than kinglets - hummingbirds. Therefore, the kinglets are sometimes even called northern hummingbirds. The yellow-headed beetle is distinguished by a characteristic pattern of the top of the head and a compact physique; the top is gray-green, the bottom is whitish, with a brownish-yellow tint. The cap on the head of the male is decorated with an orange longitudinal stripe (yellow in the female), bordered with black on the sides. Juveniles have no multi-colored head decoration.

These birds are typical inhabitants of coniferous forests, including quite severe ones. But kinglets are hardy birds. They are not afraid of winter frosts, and often in the forest in winter you can hear a thin squeak and see. Like beetles flying from tree to tree. It is difficult to see them from a distance, but their bright tufts are clearly visible up close. These tufts, which the birds either raise or lower, gave them a name. When the birds raise their tufts, it looks like crowns appear on their heads. Crowns, as you know, happen to kings. But the birds are very small, they don’t pull on kings in any way. What kind of kings are there if they are smaller than dragonflies? So, kings.

True, there is such a legend. Once upon a time, the birds decided to choose as their king the one who rises the highest in the air. Of course, the eagle rose above all. But when he, making sure that his rivals remained far below, was about to descend, a small bird jumped out from under his wing and rose above all.

However, the commission, chaired by the wise owl, noticed the deception, and, of course, the eagle was declared the king of birds. And the deceiver received the playful nickname of the kinglet.

The legend is a legend, and the kinglets, if, for example, they need to fly from one forest to another, rise to such a height that other small birds do not rise. Yes, and on trees they are almost always at the tops of the crowns. For days on end, the beetles dart around there, examining every crack, every crack. In winter, the days are short, and you need to have time to eat, and in order to eat, you need to find insect larvae lurking somewhere, hibernating testicles. And the industriousness of the kinglets is rewarded: where other birds despair of finding something edible, the kinglets find food. During the day, the kinglet eats six to seven grams of insects and their larvae - so much. How much does he weigh. This means that in a year it will eat more than three kilograms, or about eight million small insects, their testicles and larvae.

Summer is a lot of work too. The nest of the kinglet is spherical in shape, twisted from moss, compacted with fibers, hairs, cobwebs and feathers, usually located on the edge of coniferous branches, at a height of four, more often ten - twelve meters. The clutch contains 9-11 eggs, which are incubated by the female for about 16 days. Chicks appear, like all birds, they want to eat all the time. So the kinglet works all year round. In winter - for yourself, in summer - for yourself and your family. Indeed, in the year the kings have two masonry.

The kinglets feed the chicks for fifteen to seventeen days, arriving three hundred times a day to feed their offspring. Chicks leave the nest 17-22 days after birth.

The yellow-headed kinglet rarely descends to the ground, looking for small spiders and insects, their eggs and larvae in the foliage, examining every small twig. It often hangs from the bottom of the branches and hangs in front of them, fluttering its wings. It emits a quiet ringing call, less strong and longer than that of the red-headed beetle. And not without reason, it means that kinglets are considered one of the most useful birds for the forest.

tap dancing

The tap dance is a bird of the finches family. There are two species in the area: the common tap dance and the ashy tap dance. The common tap dance is common in all areas. The name was given for the sonorous cry transmitted by the sound combination yachet-chetah. Very small birds of dense constitution, gray-brown color, with a carved tail. A little smaller than a sparrow (body length up to 14 cm). Females are colored in the same way as males, but the red and pink color is replaced by white, there are dark spots and stripes on the crop, chest and sides. Inhabits shrub tundra, forest tundra and forest zone of coniferous forests. Wandering bird. In summer, tap-dancing birds nest in the taiga and forest-tundra zone, in winter they migrate south to the zone of mixed forests and forest-steppe in search of birch, alder and weed seeds. During non-breeding seasons, they tend to stay in tight flocks. Tap dances continuously chirp and call to each other, fluttering through the branches of trees, competing in their nimbleness and mobility with tits and siskins. They often hang upside down to reach for food. They feed on seeds and insects. The diet is dominated by seeds of birch, alder, lingonberry, cereals, even aphids are eaten. Having found a birch with a large number of catkins, tap dances stick around it and sometimes feed for two or three days on one tree. The nest is built on bushes and trees low above the ground, sometimes in cracks between stones. It is constructed from dry grass and thin twigs, the tray is lined with feathers. Clutch contains 4-5 bluish eggs with brown spots. The female incubates for 12-14 days, the same number of days are spent in the bird's nest. The male guards the girlfriend and brings them food. Shed once a year.

Breeds on the right bank of the Ob, in the basin of the river. Vakh, Agan, Tromyegan, M. and Severnaya Sosva, Kazym, during autumn and spring migrations occurs in all areas. Birds migrate to the north at the end of March - April - May. They nest in floodplain mixed and deciduous forests, thickets of willows along the banks of lakes and streams. Nests - in shrubs or on the lower branches of trees, usually 0.5 - 2 m from the ground. In laying from 3 to 6 eggs. Common, and in some years numerous bird. Autumn migrations begin in September, but are especially intense in November - early December. Large flocks of birds migrate to the south. Significant fluctuations in numbers over the years are characteristic. During the autumn-winter and spring wanderings, the ashy tap dance is found. Their singing is highly regarded by songbird lovers. Subject to protection.

Chizh

In the summer in the forest you can see many birds, you can find or accidentally stumble upon someone's nest. Some birds themselves do not hide very much, and do not try to hide their nests, such as, for example, the oriole. But you won’t see the nest of a siskin, even if you want to find it, - its birds are very carefully hidden among thick spruce paws. And it is difficult to see the siskins themselves - the male is greenish with a yellow breast and a black cap, the female is grayish-brown with streaks. On the wings and on the sides of the base of the tail are yellow stripes. The beak is conical, like that of granivorous birds, short, sharp, noticeably thinner than that of tap-dancing birds. Length on average 12 cm, weight 11 - 14 g. And their character is kind, peaceful, non-scandalous. And the song is very pleasant, not loud. It happens that in early spring, somewhere in a garden or in a grove, not far from human habitation, this song will join the spring drop. The song is a murmuring trill, consisting of crackling, chirping hasty sounds. I just want to shout to the little birdie: Hello, chizhik, with arrival! The siskins did not arrive because of the blue sea, not from distant lands (only a small part of the siskins fly away for wintering). They roam. In the cold, they migrate a little south of their permanent place of residence. And some simply move from the forest closer to human habitation, it is easier to feed themselves here.

And then, if they survive until spring, again into the forest. And definitely in coniferous. Only there they build their neat little nests, only there they bring out and feed their chicks. Nests are usually arranged in dense branches, not lower than 10 m from the ground. Clutch 5-6 eggs. They are fed with insects and plant seeds softened in the goiter.

And the chicks will grow up, the whole family will move to a deciduous or mixed forest. In autumn and winter, they feed mainly on alder seeds, choosing them from cones and collecting them that have crumbled in the snow, in spring - on birch and spruce seeds, and in summer they eat large numbers of spruce aphids and scoop caterpillars (gets them in the crowns of spruces and birches), spiders, diptera, weevils and other small beetles. When the seeds of alder, birch, and spruce fail, the flocks of the tap dance wander and are found in open landscapes, where they feed on the seeds of weeds and other types of grasses. All autumn, and possibly winter, they spend in a mixed forest. And those who migrate south or move closer to a person will delight us with their sonorous, cheerful song in early spring. And again we want to shout: Hello, chizhik! Hello, funny, kind bird! We are glad to see you! .

In the district, it is distributed in the western and southern regions. Found on a nesting site in the basin of Malaya Sosva, summer finds and sightings of nomadic birds are known in the vicinity of the village of Berezovo, the village of Kazym, in the basin of the Konda and Bolshoi Salym rivers. Spring movements are observed in March - April - May. Benefits by destroying harmful insects. Siskin is one of the most common songbirds. Subject to protection.

Kuksha

Kuksha, or ronzha, is a bird of the crow family. Body length 25 - 30 cm, weight 73 - 97 g. Kuksha is half the size of a crow, large-headed, with loose and fluffy plumage, grayish below, a blackish cap on the head, a long red tail with a longitudinal dark stripe. Its black beak is slightly pointed and slightly curved. In young birds, the head is lighter and the back is darker.

Kuksha leads a sedentary lifestyle, active during daylight hours. Keeps in the depths of the forest, in the middle tiers, goes down. It flies easily, silently, during the flight the tail opens like a fan. Cautious moving bird. Man is not afraid. Voice - loud kzheei and low kuut. In singing, muttering and grumbling interspersed with whistles are heard.

Kuksha is widespread in the taiga from the Kola Peninsula to Sakhalin. In the Autonomous Okrug, it is more common in the depths of the forest. In spruce-fir and cedar-larch forests forms permanent pairs. The nest builds on trees of different heights, arranging it between the trunk and the outgoing branch, folding it from dry twigs, lined with lichens, feathers, stems. The female incubates 3-4 greenish eggs with marks for up to 17 days.

The kuksha feeds on small animals, birds, coniferous seeds, berries, and also eats garbage. It stores food for the winter, hiding it in the crevices of tree bark.

The number of this bird, common to the taiga, is everywhere low, but in some other parts of its range it has become a rare and gradually disappearing species. Subject to protection.

common pika

A small gray lump quickly rolled up the tree. But rolled somehow unusual - in a spiral. So the mice don't run. And why would a mouse climb a tree?

And in the meantime, he got almost to the crown and suddenly ... fell. No, it turns out that he did not fall, but flew and sat on a nearby tree. At the very butt. And again a gray lump rolled up the spiral.

It's not a mouse, it's a bird. And what is the name, you can easily understand if you listen. A bird sits - squeaks, flies - squeaks. Well, clearly - pika! A small bird with a patronizing color similar to the color of tree trunks. The top is brown with light spots, the lower part is white. The beak is thin and long, curved downwards. The voice is a low squeak and melodic trill.

However, squeaking does not prevent her from working all the time - to find and pull insects and their larvae out of the cracks in the bark. For this, the pika runs along tree trunks. The pika is very mobile, it is in constant search for insects and spirals along tree trunks, leaning on its tail.

This is how the pika works in the summer, and it works tirelessly in the winter as well. And when there are chicks in the nest, it works even more actively.

Inhabits large forests, avoids forest belts and city parks. In winter, it often accompanies flocks of tits, but mostly keeps apart.

In early May, a pair of pikas builds a nest in crevices and hollows on tree trunks, in cracks and behind loose bark. Thin twigs, blades of grass, moss, pieces of bark, feathers and wool serve as nesting material. They lay up to six eggs, which are incubated by the female. When the chicks hatch, pikas fly to them two hundred and fifty to three hundred times a day.

Do I need to say how useful these mice are?

A rare rare species.

Lentils big

Large lentils are the only native birds that so skillfully cut acacia seeds, taking out nutritious peas. Having torn off the pod, the bird raises its head, peels it off - and the peas roll along the wings, as if along a trough, into the beak. Sometimes the lentil flies under the bush and picks up the fallen seeds from the surface of the snow. Pinch off lentil buds from thin twigs and rowan berries. They feed directly above the heads of passers-by, letting a person approach them at arm's length. Probably, the birds are kept in family groups. Flocks are always small, up to six individuals, and consist of adult and young birds. Males show off in crimson, with a white speckled outfit, and young ones in a brown-red outfit, with a slight speck. The females are painted in a modest gray-green color. Having gathered to fly, the birds begin to call to each other with frequent calls: vzhi-vii-vii. And they take off almost at once, quickly gaining altitude.

Woodpecker

A wood-climbing forest bird. Woodpeckers move freely along the trunk of a tree, clinging to the uneven bark with their claws. The legs are short with strong toes: two toes point forward, two back. The tail feathers are elastic, the fans taper towards the top. The tail of this shape is an additional point of support when climbing trunks. A straight strong beak, a sharp tongue helps the bird to take out seeds from cones, to find and extract insects from bark and wood.

The great spotted woodpecker is the most common. The top of the head, back and wings are black, the ventral side is white with a buffy coating. The undertail and nape are red; the female does not have a red spot on the nape. The black woodpecker has black plumage. The male has a red cap on the crown and on the back of the head, while the female has only on the back of the head.

The gray-haired woodpecker is slightly larger than the Great Spotted Woodpecker. The general color tone is greyish-olive green. The head is greyish. The male has a red spot on the forehead and anterior part of the crown, the female has no red color.

Woodpeckers are sedentary birds, that is, they live in our forests constantly, making forage migrations. In winter they move to pine forests. This is evidenced by woodpecker forges, a pile of spent pine cones near individual trees. In summer, woodpeckers feed themselves and feed their chicks with various insects, which are more common in mixed forests. The more stem pests, the more woodpeckers in this area of ​​​​the forest. In March, on sunny days in the forest, you can hear the drum trill. The male chooses a dry tree and hammers on it. This is his wedding song. They nest in hollows.