Strong feeling of thirst. Constant thirst: causes and recommendations of a general practitioner. Thirst - what is it?

General concept of thirst

The mechanism of thirst

Thirst is a set of sensations expressed in an irresistible desire to drink water and causing specific behavioral reactions. Thirst is one of the main biological motivations, which, along with the need for food and the instinct of reproduction, ensures the preservation of the life of the individual and the whole species as a whole.

The occurrence of thirst is associated with a decrease in the body's water reserves, which can be due to the loss of water from extracellular and intracellular spaces, accompanied by an increase in the osmotic concentration of the corresponding fluids, or if the normal ratio between water and salts, mainly sodium chloride, is disturbed. The final reaction is the consumption of water. In other words, thirst helps maintain a physiological balance between water and mineral salts (electrolytes).

The manifestation of thirst is the occurrence of dryness in the mouth and throat, caused by a decrease in the secretion of saliva as a result of a lack of water in the body (true thirst), or as a result of prolonged conversation, mouth breathing, excessive smoking or eating too dry food (false thirst). Moisturizing the mouth eliminates false thirst. With true thirst, such moisturizing can only soften it, but not eliminate it.

The mechanisms by which thirst occurs are complex and poorly understood. According to the most common opinion, many internal organs and the brain have specialized intracellular receptors that respond to changes in the osmotic blood pressure (osmoreceptors). Excitation of these receptors leads to the activation of those parts of the brain that are responsible for the formation of the sensation of thirst and the corresponding specific behavioral reactions. At the same time, there is an excitation of those parts of the pituitary and hypothalamus that produce vasopressin, which contributes to the preservation of the body's water resources.

Thirst is a manifestation of the natural human need for water and occurs as a result of salt deficiency in the body. Hormonal regulation of the water-salt balance in the body can be activated, for example, when there is a delay for various reasons of sodium ions. Sodium ions have a pronounced osmotic activity, i.e., the ability to maintain osmotic pressure.

Normally, the osmotic activity of sodium ions allows you to maintain and maintain a balance between the composition of the extracellular fluid (blood plasma) and intracellular fluid. Sodium ions "attract" and hold water ions in the vascular bed or inside the cell. If the osmotic pressure of the plasma is increased, the intracellular fluid enters the extracellular space, plasmolysis occurs - the cell shrinks and dies. To prevent this from happening, a compensatory reaction arises - thirst, the body receives an additional amount of water, and the osmotic pressure in the plasma and intracellular fluid levels off.

Everyone knows that after salty food you want to drink. In this case, there is an excess intake of sodium chloride (edible or table salt) through the gastrointestinal tract. Accordingly, if in various diseases or pathological conditions sodium is not excreted in the urine, then an increased amount of water is required to compensate for its excess.

Thirst can also occur with a decrease in the volume of extracellular fluid without a noticeable change in the osmotic state of blood and tissues. In these cases, the decisive role in the occurrence of thirst belongs to volomoreceptors - receptors that respond to changes in volume, located in the right atrium and vena cava. Information from these receptors enters the same parts of the brain responsible for maintaining the water-salt balance.

Observations confirm that in the process of drinking water, thirst disappears long before the true compensation of water deficiency. On this basis, we can conclude that thirst is quenched not only when water is absorbed, but also immediately when water enters the stomach. An important role is played by the receptors of the gastrointestinal tract, namely the receptors of the oral cavity and stomach, which react to the stretching of the liquid drunk. A pronounced thirst is noted in those people who work in conditions of elevated temperature (in a hot climate, hot shops). They experience increased sweating, which leads to excessive loss of both water and salts (sodium chloride). As a result, the body's ability to retain water decreases, sweating becomes debilitating, and thirst becomes indomitable. Significantly reduce these phenomena allows a special drinking regimen. Drinks enriched with the physiological content of table salt are used. In some diseases associated with damage to the structures of the medulla oblongata and midbrain, as well as mental illness, a complete lack of thirst (adipsia) is possible, which in turn can cause many functional disorders (headaches, constipation, etc.).

Osmotic balance is regulated by a complex neurohumoral process. It involves the hormones of the adrenal cortex (the main one is aldosterone), as well as the hypothalamic-pituitary system (vasopressin). Any disturbances in this mechanism lead to changes in the concentration of sodium ions and the osmotic pressure of the blood plasma. The main diseases associated with the pathology of the secretion of these hormones are manifested by significant thirst.

Clinical characteristics of endocrine diseases accompanied by thirst

Primary aldosteronism

The so-called primary aldosteronism, or Conn's syndrome, occurs as a result of the development of a benign tumor (adenoma) of the adrenal cortex, in which the hormone aldosterone is secreted (Fig. 9). Women suffer from this disease 3 times more often than men. Most often, Conn's syndrome affects them at the age of 30-40 years.

Normally, aldosterone acts on the kidneys by regulating the amount of sodium ions excreted in the urine by their reabsorption (reabsorption).

This process plays an important role in maintaining normal blood pressure. When an aldosterone-producing tumor occurs, an increased amount of sodium is absorbed from the urine, which causes the main symptoms of the disease.

Rice. 9. Locations of the endocrine glands: 1 - epiphysis; 2 - pituitary gland; 3 - thyroid gland; 4 - thymus gland; 5 - pancreas; 6 - adrenal glands; 7 - ovaries; 8 - testicles

Symptoms. The main and constant symptom is a persistent increase in blood pressure, accompanied by severe headaches. The content of sodium ions increases and the content of their antagonists - potassium ions in the blood decreases.

In addition to thirst, there are muscle weakness, frequent urination at night, the amount of urine increases to 4 liters per day. As a result of changes in the ionic balance, heart rhythm disturbances, cramps in the calf muscles may appear.

Diagnosis of the disease is based on typical complaints, the presence of constantly high blood pressure, the study of the level of potassium and sodium in the blood and urine, the level of aldosterone in the blood serum. X-ray methods, computed tomography, scanning of the adrenal glands are used to detect a tumor.

Secondary aldosteronism

A phenomenon similar to that described above occurs in various kidney diseases - acute nephritis, tumors, vascular pathology and congenital anomalies in the development of this organ. A typical example is acute pyelonephritis.

Symptoms. The disease begins acutely, usually after hypothermia, the cause of it is an infection. The temperature rises, there are chills, sweating, pain in the lumbar region, thirst, painful and frequent urination. Tapping on the lower back is often painful. In severe cases, slight swelling may occur. In the blood, the content of leukocytes increases, in the urine - a significant amount of leukocytes, protein, erythrocytes.

Diagnosis in typical cases is not difficult, it is based on clinical data and ultrasound results.

diabetes insipidus

Another main hormone that regulates osmotic pressure, i.e., a certain concentration of salts and water in the blood plasma, is vasopressin, also called antidiuretic hormone. A disease associated with a violation of the synthesis, accumulation and release of vasopressin is called diabetes insipidus. With a lack of vasopressin, the body loses a lot of water, since the kidneys hardly concentrate urine.

Diabetes insipidus affects young men and women. The cause of the disease has not been established. However, it is known that it often develops after a skull injury, neuroinfection, cerebral aneurysm, sarcoidosis, and tuberculosis.

Symptoms. Patients complain of intense thirst and the release of a large amount of urine, clear as water. Urine has an extremely low relative density due to the low concentration of sodium ions.

The intake of large amounts of water is a protective reaction and prevents dehydration, since the kidneys do not concentrate urine and its excretion increases to 5-20 liters per day. Limiting fluid intake causes a sharp deterioration in the condition and can lead to the death of the patient.

Symptoms of the disease - thirst and diabetes (polyuria) - are very characteristic, and diagnosis is usually not difficult. Confirmation of the diagnosis is a test with fluid restriction and a study of the specific gravity of urine.

Diabetes

In diabetes, unlike insipidus, the cause of thirst and diabetes is different. Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by an increase in the level of sugar in the blood, the appearance of sugar in the urine, a violation of all types of metabolism as a result of a deficiency in the body of the pancreatic hormone - insulin.

Insulin regulates carbohydrate metabolism, under its influence, glucose is utilized from digested dietary carbohydrates. Thanks to insulin, glycogen is synthesized, which is a person’s energy reserve for a rainy day.

All these effects lead to a decrease in the amount of sugar in the blood. In addition, insulin has a pronounced anabolic effect - under its influence, the synthesis of proteins and lipids (fats) occurs.

With absolute or relative insufficiency of insulin, blood glucose levels rise sharply. It begins to be excreted in the urine, and since glucose also has osmotic activity, a significant amount of water follows it. There is polyuria (diabetes). As a compensatory reaction, a person begins to consume more liquid than usual. However, subjectively, it seems to him that thirst arises primarily, and not increased urination.

Diabetes is widespread throughout the world, but more so in advanced economies and high living standards. The incidence of diabetes is increasing among all population groups. Scientists consider this a retribution of modern man for an unbalanced diet and an unhealthy lifestyle.

Symptoms. There are two types of diabetes.

Type I - juvenile diabetes, or insulin-dependent. In this form, most (90%) of the pancreatic cells die as a result of viral or autoimmune damage, and insulin is not produced (absolute insulin deficiency). Children and young people suffer from it.

Type II - non-insulin dependent. In this case, insulin is present in the body and can be produced in increased quantities, but it does not have its physiological effect due to impaired sensitivity of cells in body tissues to it (relative insulin deficiency). Type II diabetes is hereditary (family diabetes), they usually get sick after 40 years. Being overweight is a risk factor for developing this disease.

The main symptoms of diabetes are:

1) intense thirst;

2) frequent urination;

3) polyuria (the amount of urine increases to 8-9 liters per day).

In type I, patients lose weight up to 10-15 kg per month, a sharp weakness develops, and the smell of acetone from the mouth appears. In the absence of specific insulin therapy, a diabetic coma develops, which can lead to death.

In patients with type II diabetes, the characteristic symptoms of the disease develop over a longer period of time. For them, the occurrence of pruritus, pustular skin lesions, dry mouth, thirst is more typical, but diabetic coma is extremely rare. Type II diabetes is somewhat more favorable than juvenile diabetes.

Complications of diabetes. However, complications occur in both type I and type II disease. A high level of blood glucose causes various changes in the walls of microvessels - capillaries - in various organs. Developing microangiopathy leads to disturbances in their blood supply and nutrition. The vessels of the eyes are especially often damaged with the development of cataracts, retinal hemorrhages and blindness; kidney vessels are affected, which leads to chronic renal failure and uremia (poisoning of the body with toxins). Often the target is the vessels of the lower extremities with the occurrence of trophic ulcers and gangrene of the toes.

In addition to microangiopathies, a high blood glucose level has a harmful effect on peripheral nerve trunks - neuropathy develops. Initially, it also occurs on the lower extremities and is manifested by pain in the legs, and then loss of skin sensitivity. In men, sexual function suffers - impotence is noted.

In patients with diabetes mellitus, immunity and general nonspecific resistance of the body are sharply reduced, therefore, various infections, such as staphylococcal dermatitis and inflammation of the genitourinary tract, tuberculosis, join the underlying disease. Significant changes are noted in the liver, where fat accumulates instead of glycogen, which usually leads to fatty degeneration.

Diagnosis of the disease requires a dynamic study of blood sugar levels.

Hyperparathyroidism

However, the list of endocrine diseases that are manifested by thirst and polyuria does not end there. Indeed, in addition to sodium ions, calcium ions, for example, have osmotic activity. Two main hormones, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone, are involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism. The main depot of calcium in our body is bones. According to their effect on bone tissue, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone are antagonists. Calcitonin ensures the immobilization of calcium in the depot, and the constancy of the calcium content in the blood plasma (due to washing it out of the bones) depends on the influence of parathyroid hormone.

Normally, due to the dynamic balance between these two hormones, the optimal ratio of free plasma calcium and calcium in the depot is carried out. However, in some diseases this balance can be disturbed. Parathyroid hormone is produced by the parathyroid glands. When a tumor or pathological hyperstimulation of these glands occurs, the level of parathyroid hormone rises sharply. This condition is called hyperparathyroidism.

Symptoms. In hyperparathyroidism, bone tissue is resorbed and, as a result, calcium is released from the depot. Therefore, otherwise the disease is called fibrocystic osteodystrophy (Recklinghausen's disease). The result of an excessively high content of calcium in the blood plasma is its excretion in the urine. Therefore, the earliest symptoms of hyperparathyroidism are thirst and polyuria with the release of large amounts of urine of low specific gravity.

In addition to the damaging effect of excess calcium ions on the epithelium of the renal tubules, hyperparathyroidism reduces sensitivity to vasopressin, an antidiuretic hormone, which leads to additional loss of water by the body.

Somewhat later, bone changes appear. They become soft due to the loss of calcium and under the influence of the load are easily bent, and are also subject to pathological fractures. The process of stone formation develops in the kidneys. Most of the recurrent forms of nephrolithiasis, as well as the formation of multiple staghorn stones, are associated with hyperparathyroidism. In addition to nephrolithiasis (nephrolithiasis), in the kidneys there are phenomena of impregnation of the renal tissue with calcium salts - nephrocalcinosis. Another typical sign of hyperparathyroidism is the development of duodenal ulcer (less often - stomach) with all its symptoms (nausea, sometimes vomiting, constipation), pain syndrome.

Diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism, especially in the early stages, is difficult. It is often confused with manifestations of diabetes insipidus, but specific treatment (adiurecrine) does not work. Help can be provided by the study of biochemical parameters of blood plasma (calcium and phosphorus), x-ray examination of the skeletal system, computed tomography of the retrosternal space.

Clinical characteristics of infectious and somatic diseases accompanied by thirst

Dehydration

However, one should not think that thirst is a symptom of only endocrine disorders. Thirst is the leading symptom of dehydration, which occurs in both infectious and somatic diseases. With a true water deficiency, in addition to thirst, there are also dryness of the tongue and mucous membranes, a decrease in salivation, oliguria (a small amount of urine excreted), an increase in temperature (with a lack of water, the thermoregulation mechanisms associated with sweating stop working), lowering blood pressure.

cholera algid

Symptoms. The classic and most pronounced example can be considered cholera algid - the terminal stage of cholera. With this especially dangerous infection, there is a loss of water with stool and vomit. With severe dehydration, signs of damage to the digestive system fade into the background. The main role is played by disorders of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, the severity of which depends on the degree of dehydration.

At the 1st degree, dehydration is slightly expressed, patients complain of moderate thirst, cardiac activity is not disturbed, there is no loss of body weight.

At the 2nd degree, there is a decrease in body weight by 4–6%, a decrease in the number of red blood cells and a drop in hemoglobin levels, and an acceleration of ESR. Patients complain of severe weakness, dizziness, dry mouth, severe thirst. Lips and fingers turn blue, hoarseness of voice appears, convulsive twitches of the calf muscles, fingers, chewing muscles are possible.

At the 3rd degree, there is a loss of body weight by 7–9%, while all of the listed symptoms of dehydration increase. In patients, there is a sharp drop in blood pressure (collapse), body temperature drops to 35.5–36 ° C, urine output may completely stop. Blood from dehydration thickens, the concentration of potassium and chlorine in it decreases.

4th degree - cholera algid - occurs if fluid loss is more than 10% of body weight. Facial features are sharpened - the “face of Hippocrates”, “dark glasses” appear around the eyes. The skin is cold, clammy to the touch, cyanotic, gathers in folds and does not straighten out, prolonged tonic convulsions are frequent. Patients are in a state of prostration, shock develops. Heart sounds are muffled, blood pressure drops sharply. The temperature drops to 34.5 °C. If fluid deficiency is not replenished in time, fatal outcomes are not uncommon.

Intestinal infection

In many intestinal infections, cholera-like dehydration occurs due to loss of water in the stool and vomiting.

Urolithiasis disease

There is also thirst in nephrolithiasis, in particular, with its typical manifestation - renal colic. Kidney stone disease is one of the most common kidney diseases. In this condition, conglomerates of salts are formed in different parts of the kidney - stones that can be of different sizes. Stones that occupy the entire renal pelvis are called staghorn. The composition of the stones can also be different. In 65-75% of cases, calcium stones are found, in 15-18% - mixed, containing magnesium, ammonium and calcium phosphate, in 5-15% - urate. The cause of stone formation can be a variety of salt metabolism disorders in the body, as well as infection and changes in the urinary function of the kidneys and urinary tract.

Symptoms. Difficulty in the outflow of urine from the renal pelvis when the ureter is blocked by a stone causes acute pain in the lower back - renal colic. Its classic signs are pain, urination disorders, blood in the urine, passage of stones, and fever.

Perhaps a long asymptomatic course of the disease. Renal colic may be its first manifestation, occur in 2/3 of patients, most often with small moving stones, especially in the ureters.

Lower back pain appears suddenly, is very intense, gives along the ureters to the scrotum in men and large labia in women. With renal colic, patients complain of thirst, dry mouth, weakness, palpitations, fever, chills.

At the height of the attack, nausea, vomiting, stool retention, and false urge to urinate may occur. In the urine, leukocytes, erythrocytes, protein are usually detected, in the blood the number of leukocytes increases.

Diagnosis of nephrolithiasis is usually based on the typical presentation of renal colic and the detection of stones on ultrasound. Treatment includes conservative therapy (diet, medications, crushing stones with ultrasound) and surgical tactics (extraction of stones).

In addition to renal pathology, any decrease in the volume of circulating plasma causes an increased production of aldosterone (for example, with blood loss, this is an adaptive reaction). In addition, excessive accumulation of aldosterone in the body is possible as a result of its incomplete inactivation by liver cells. This occurs in chronic progressive hepatitis, cirrhosis.

Cardiovascular diseases

Particular attention should be paid to thirst if a patient with heart failure complains of it. This is a condition caused by the insufficiency of the heart as a pump that provides the necessary blood circulation. The cause of heart failure is diseases that damage the heart muscle or impede its work: coronary heart disease and its defects, arterial hypertension, diffuse lung diseases, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy.

There are acute and chronic heart failure, depending on the rate of its development. Acute heart failure requires immediate action to save the patient's life. Thirst, as an important diagnostic sign, plays an important role in chronic heart failure. The manifestations of the disease differ significantly with the predominant lesion of the right or left heart.

Left ventricular failure

Left ventricular failure occurs when the left side of the heart is damaged and overloaded.

Symptoms. First of all, congestion in the lungs is noted - shortness of breath, attacks of cardiac asthma and pulmonary edema and their signs on the x-ray, increased heart rate. They are typical for mitral heart disease, severe forms of coronary heart disease, myocarditis, cardiomyopathies.

Left ventricular ejection failure is manifested by a decrease in cerebral circulation (dizziness, darkening in the eyes, fainting) and coronary circulation (angina pectoris), it is characteristic of aortic malformations, coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension. Congestion in the lungs and insufficiency of cardiac output in these diseases can be combined with each other.

Right ventricular failure

Right ventricular failure occurs when the right side of the heart is overloaded or damaged.

Symptoms. Congestive right ventricular failure (swelling of the neck veins, high venous pressure, cyanosis of the fingers, tip of the nose, ears, chin, liver enlargement, the appearance of slight jaundice, edema of varying severity) usually joins congestive left ventricular failure and is typical for defects in the mitral and tricuspid valves, adhesive pericarditis, myocarditis, congestive cardiomyopathy, severe coronary heart disease.

All these signs of heart failure develop gradually, and it is often difficult to detect them in a timely manner without the appropriate equipment. Therefore, the occurrence of thirst can serve as a valuable aid in the diagnosis of developing total heart failure. Thirst indicates a decrease in the amount of intracellular fluid, which can occur not only with a lack of water in the extracellular space, but also with an increased amount of fluid in this space, if a high concentration of salts (electrolytes) is also determined there. In this case, the release of intracellular fluid into the extracellular space occurs. With heart failure, this condition occurs with the appearance of edema, that is, with a deterioration in the patient's condition.

If appropriate measures are not taken in a timely manner, the final stage of right ventricular failure occurs, in which cachexia develops (exhaustion of the whole organism), degenerative changes in the skin (thinning, shine, smoothness of the pattern, flabbiness), edema spreads up to anasarca (total edema of the skin and body cavities) , the level of blood proteins (albumin) decreases, the water-salt balance of the body is disturbed.

Psychosomatic diseases

However, the appearance of thirst does not always indicate the presence of a common disease. Often thirst accompanies the pathology of the psyche. In various psychosomatic diseases, including psychoendocrine diseases, the appearance of thirst, as well as other pathologically enhanced natural drives, may be one of the first symptoms.

Symptoms. With the development of a psychoendocrine syndrome, not only a change in natural drives is characteristic, but also mood and activity. Depending on the nature of the disease, the mood can be depressed, upbeat, angry, apathetic, anxious. Inclinations either increase (thirst, increased appetite, sexual desire, desire for vagrancy, passion for arson, theft), or decrease.

This is an important sign, because, on the one hand, the occurrence of endocrine diseases is often provoked by the influence of psychogenic factors (diabetes, thyrotoxicosis). On the other hand, any endocrine pathology is accompanied by deviations in the mental sphere. Therefore, thirst can be both a harbinger of the disease and its first symptom, it should always be paid attention to.

hangover syndrome

Symptoms. The emergence of thirst after alcohol intoxication is usually a sign of severe intoxication. And the presence, in addition, of heaviness in the head, headache, weakness, weakness, low mood with apathy or irritability indicates the development of a hangover syndrome. Unfortunately, this indicates the transition of domestic drunkenness into chronic alcoholism. Such people need specific treatment.

Thirst treatment

Treatment of endocrine diseases accompanied by thirst, traditional and non-traditional methods

Primary aldosterism

Adrenal adenoma is treated surgically, but not every tumor can be removed. There is a special form of the disease in which conservative treatment is indicated, since it is amenable to dexamethasone therapy. In the preoperative period, the drug veroshpiron, which is an aldosterone antagonist, is usually used.

diabetes insipidus

Treatment of the disease is carried out with a drug that replaces the natural hormone vasopressin. Use the powder of the dried posterior pituitary gland of cattle adiurekrin, which the patient inhales through the nose. With poor tolerance of the drug, chlorpropamide, tegretol are used, which reduce water loss.

For normal health and ability to work, patients take these drugs for life. In addition, they should avoid work associated with possible difficulties in water supply (steppe, desert conditions).

Diabetes

In the treatment of diabetes requires the participation of the patient.

Etiotropic treatment of type I diabetes

Insulin therapy is essential for type I diabetes. Insulin injections are vital for the patient. It is considered optimal to use two types of the drug for one patient - short and medium duration of action. Insulin is obtained either from the glands of cattle and pigs, or synthetically. Purified human synthetic insulins are rightfully considered the best preparations.

Etiotropic treatment of type II diabetes mellitus

In type II diabetes, the use of insulin is not always justified, since it is present in the body in sufficient quantities. Usually, tableted hypoglycemic drugs are used - sulfourea derivatives bucarban, maninil, diabeton, gluranorm, minidiab, etc. The maximum dose is 3 tablets per day. This group of drugs restores the sensitivity of cells to their own insulin.

diet therapy

With any type of disease, a prerequisite for successful treatment is diet. All easily digestible refined carbohydrates are excluded from the diet - sugar, confectionery, jam, sweet biscuits, high-calorie bakery products, alcoholic beverages, syrups, grapes, dates.

In percentage terms, proteins should make up 16% of the total calorie content of food, fats - 24%, carbohydrates - 60%, and they should be represented mostly by vegetables and fruits. Patients should follow the diet very strictly, the number of meals they have is at least 5-6 times a day (breakfast, second breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea, dinner, second dinner). Fresh greens, berries (except grapes), meat, fish, and poultry are widely recommended. The diet is compiled by the doctor, taking into account the taste and habits of the patient, the existing complications and concomitant diseases.

Hyperparathyroidism

Surgical treatment - removal of parathyroid adenoma (or both glands). However, often such manifestations as nephrolithiasis do not go away after the operation. In this case, as before the operation, the treatment is aimed at reducing the intake of calcium from the outside and possibly removing it from the body as much as possible. A diet is prescribed with a restriction of calcium-rich foods and a high content of phosphorus, diuretics (except for thiazide diuretics, which, on the contrary, do not remove, but accumulate calcium).

After the operation, for the speedy restoration of bone tissue, calcium preparations, vitamin D 3, therapeutic exercises, massage in places most damaged by bone resorption are indicated. The prognosis for early treatment is favorable. Bones are restored in 1-2 years, the functions of internal organs - within a few weeks.

Cholera

In our time, the mechanism of treatment is known, so mortality from cholera is minimized. From the first hours of the disease, the patient should be given liquid in the form of glucose-salt solutions. In the absence of vomiting, the patient drinks on his own, in severe cases, the liquid is administered intravenously.

Intestinal infections

It is not necessary in such cases to wait for thirst, it is better to immediately begin the introduction of liquid. In our pharmacies there are special powders, from which, when water is added, the most physiological glucose-salt solutions for humans, such as rehydron, are obtained. You should always have them in your first aid kit. However, if there is no time to go to the pharmacy, you can prepare such a solution at home. For 1 liter of water take 1 tsp. salt, 0.5 tsp. baking soda, 4 tsp. sugar, dissolve everything and drink 1 tsp. every 5 min. This achieves a semblance of a drip of liquid through the system.

Pyelonephritis

Patients with acute pyelonephritis need urgent hospitalization and strict bed rest. The diet should be dominated by a large amount of easily digestible proteins, fats and carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral salts. Plentiful drink (cranberry, lingonberry juice, rosehip broth, weak tea, mineral water, etc.) - at least 3 liters per day. Massive antibiotic therapy is necessary, since with insufficient treatment, the development of apostematous nephritis and carbuncle of the kidney is possible.

Urolithiasis disease

In uncomplicated urolithiasis, it is important to follow a diet with a sufficient content of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, with a daily amount of fluid of 1.8–2 liters. With uric acid diathesis (a tendency to form urates), a dairy-vegetarian diet is recommended with a restriction of meat products. Fried meat, canned meat and fish, liver, pepper, mustard, alcohol are contraindicated. With oxalate diathesis (a tendency to form stones with a high content of oxalic acid salts), coffee, cocoa, strong tea, and spinach are excluded. With phosphate and calcium diathesis, dairy products, eggs are contraindicated, potatoes and legumes should be limited. With urate diathesis, alkalization of urine is necessary - the use of alkaline mineral waters, medicines (urolit-U, magurlit, blemaren and others). With phosphate stones, urine acidification is necessary (ascorbic acid, methionine, ammonium chloride, hydrochloric acid, madder dye, ground wild carrot seed). Apply decoctions of horsetail, corn stigmas, birch and eucalyptus leaves, knotweed, St. John's wort, juniper fruits, parsley roots, kidney tea, cranberry and lingonberry juice. Of the medicines, cystenal and avisan work well. During an attack of renal colic, thermal procedures (heater, bath) are prescribed, antispasmodics, analgesics are used. In case of ineffectiveness, a surgical method is used. During the period of remission, spa treatment is possible.

Heart failure

Treatment of heart failure should include therapy for the underlying disease that caused it. In addition, restriction of physical activity, a diet rich in proteins and vitamins, potassium with restriction of sodium salts (table salt) are necessary. Drug treatment includes taking peripheral vasodilators (nitrates, apressin, corinfar, prazosin, capoten), diuretics (furosemide, hypothiazide, triampur, uregit), veroshpiron, cardiac glycosides (strophanthin, digoxin, digitoxin, celanide, etc.).

You drink a lot, five or even ten liters a day, but the thirst does not go away. At the same time, I constantly want to go to the toilet.

What could it be?

This picture is typical for diabetes. Against the background of the disease, the level of glucose in the blood rises. This leads to increased formation and excretion of urine, and hence to dehydration.

Thirst also torments a person with another type of diabetes - insipidus, which develops due to the fact that the pituitary gland does not produce enough of the hormone vasopressin. Its deficiency also leads to frequent urination, dehydration, and hence an increased need to drink.

What to do?

It is necessary to address to the endocrinologist for statement of the diagnosis. If you have diabetes, you will need glucose-lowering drugs and possibly insulin injections. With insipidus - replacement therapy with vasopressin analogues.

Situation 2

Although you drink a lot, little urine is released, swelling has appeared.

What could it be?

Kidney problems. Persistent thirst occurs with pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, hydronephrosis and polycystic kidney disease.

What to do?

Contact a nephrologist without delay. The doctor will determine the diagnosis and select the treatment. Don't postpone your visit! Thirst may indicate developing kidney failure. This most dangerous condition is often detected too late, when only hemodialysis or kidney transplantation can help the patient. Therefore, in time to pay attention to - means to save the kidneys from further destruction.

Situation 3

Not only do you want to drink all the time, but you also lose weight dramatically, feel pain in your bones, and get tired quickly. At the same time, go to the toilet often, the urine has become whiter.

What could it be?

Such symptoms indicate - increased function of the parathyroid glands. Against the background of this disease, calcium metabolism is disturbed, it is abundantly excreted in the urine, which is why it changes color.

What to do?

You need to see an endocrinologist. Hyperparathyroidism is a condition that threatens with complications, including bone fractures and duodenal ulcers. In addition, an increase in the activity of the parathyroid glands may indicate the formation of an adenoma in them - a benign tumor. Therefore, it is important to start treatment on time.

Situation 4

You are constantly thirsty, with a lack of water are prone to whims, irritable and conflicted, but no other ailments are observed.

What could it be?

This condition is referred to as a thirst of an unexplained nature, the reasons here are more psychological than physiological.

What to do?

To be on the safe side, check your kidneys. If they are healthy and there is an opportunity to quench their thirst more often with green tea or clean water, then it's okay.

If drinking plenty leads to edema, try to deceive the body. Bend over to the water and take a few swallows, but don't drink. If the reason is psychological, this is sometimes enough for our brain to feel for a while as if it had quenched its thirst.

Situation 5

Strong thirst began to arise after you started taking drugs for hypertension.

What could it be?

Blood pressure medications are diuretic and also cause dry mouth. Because of this, thirst may increase. Other diuretic drugs, with which some people try to lose weight, can have the same effect.

What to do?

In case of hypertension, consult your doctor and, if possible, replace diuretic drugs with others. But it is better to lose weight with the help of diet and exercise, and not drugs and dietary supplements with diuretic components. Moreover, they only create the illusion of weight loss: it’s not fat that goes away, but water, which is quickly replenished, it’s worth drinking.

A strong feeling of thirst can be absolutely normal after intense physical activity, on a hot afternoon, and even after eating something salty or spicy. But thirst, which appears for no reason and which is almost impossible to quench, is a serious signal sent by the body. But what about a person who wants to drink all the time - regardless of how much he has already drunk? How alarming is this? What diseases are evidenced by constant thirst, let's talk further.

High levels of calcium. Peritonitis, inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane that lines the inner wall of the abdominal cavity and most of the abdominal organs. Peritonitis is a medical emergency that includes excessive thirst among its symptoms. a condition in which one or more parathyroid glands produce excess parathyroid hormone. A mental disorder called psychogenic polydipsia, characterized by a desire to drink water, and which can have serious consequences when swallowed more than 7 liters per day.

• With certain medications such as diuretics or phenobarbital.
• Heart failure or liver failure.
• Severe infections or burns in the body.
• If you breathe through your mouth.
• Very low levels of potassium in the blood.

As you can see, an apparently harmless symptom can be a sign of several health conditions, some of which are dangerous.

Doctors call the syndrome of constant thirst polydipsia. This is a pathological phenomenon that indicates a clear lack of fluid in the body. Fluid loss can be associated both with the above phenomena, and after a violation of the body (vomiting, increased sweating, diarrhea).

Those diseases, which are evidenced by constant thirst, can be quite serious, so this alarming "call" should not be ignored. Most often, thirst is provoked by diseases of the liver or kidneys, infectious diseases, increased blood sugar levels, improper water exchange, and burns. In addition, doctors also add what diseases you should think about when you have a constant desire to drink. These are mental illnesses, nervous disorders, schizophrenia, obsessive and depressive states, a feeling of thirst often occurs after head injuries, possibly resulting in a concussion.

Do not underestimate and consult your doctor. When thirst is insatiable, it may be due to a condition that affects your health if you haven't realized the danger. Sometimes the thirst continues even if you drink liquids, and then it can be a symptom of some conditions.

It is a disease that causes some cases of hypertension. There is a hormone that is produced on the outside of the adrenal glands called the adrenal cortex. Its function is for the kidneys to store and excrete sodium. However, if you have low blood potassium for a period of time, it can cause your kidneys to be resistant and insensitive to the hormone. This makes you urinate very frequently and very thirsty.

Hard water, excess salt in the diet. An excess of mineral salts can also cause thirst, since salts, if they are in excess, attract water, preventing its normal absorption by cells. The kidneys excrete excess salts with water.

Diuretic food. Some foods are diuretic. For example, coffee. I can't drink coffee at all. After that, I die of thirst. Diuretic products help remove water from the body. There is dehydration and a desire to drink. Try to give up such food for a while. If the thirst is gone, then everything is fine with health, such thirst is safe, you can return to your usual food intake, drink water for health.

This condition can lead to collapse and shock. You can then lower your blood pressure too much and your body can lose a lot of fluid in your bloodstream. In response to this loss of fluid, your body will ask for a lot of fluid and you will develop excessive thirst. This disease occurs when your body is trying to fight off certain infections caused by bacteria in it.

If they cannot control, these bacteria will spread through the bloodstream and spread throughout the body. Some mental disorders, especially schizophrenia, can cause excessive thirst, and when this happens it is called psychogenic polydipsia.

Spicy or salty food. Spicy or salty foods simply irritate the mouth and throat. Thirst arises reflexively. Give up such food for a while. If the thirst has passed, then there is no point in worrying further. You can return to your normal diet. Drinking spicy and salty foods with plenty of water is completely normal.

He still does not know exactly the cause of this condition. It is known to be characterized by a compulsion to drink large amounts of water. If they are out of control, they may develop seizures or go into a coma. While drinking water is vital, large volumes greatly reduce sodium levels in the bloodstream. Therefore, you should never exceed 5 liters of water per day.

Despite the heat, you don't sweat and your skin will feel dry, making you very thirsty. You may present various symptoms such as. Confusion and irritability Convulsions Convulsions Loss of consciousness. . It is very important to seek emergency medical attention immediately.

Causes of pathological thirst

Here are some of the most common causes of abnormal thirst (polydipsia):

• Lack of water and salt in the body (for example, as a result of sweating, diarrhea, vomiting).
• Taking certain medications.
• Excessive consumption of alcohol, caffeine and salt.

Possible diseases

Thirst can be a sign of a more serious condition and is caused by:

This is a disease caused by a deficiency of the heart, when it is not able to provide the necessary volume of blood per minute to meet the needs of the whole body. This is the pathology that causes.

• Chokes.
• Blue skin and lips.
• Feeling of pain on the part of the patient.
• Change of rhythm in an impulse.
• Excessive feeling of thirst due to the great effort that the heart makes.

The reasons why you are very thirsty are varied. It is not always easy to determine the exact one. Some of them are not serious and can be solved, while others require more attention.

• Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar);
• Diabetes;
• diabetes insipidus (impaired water metabolism);
• Kidney disorders (for example, Fanconi syndrome);
• Dehydration;
• Liver disease (hepatitis or cirrhosis);
• Bleeding (for example, in the intestines);
• burns or infection;
• Head injury;
• Mental disorders (schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive states that cause thirst).

Medications

Certain medications can make you thirsty.

While excessive thirst may seem like a harmless symptom, you should pay attention to it because it may indicate that something serious is going on. Feeling thirsty all the time and for no reason is not normal and should be investigated by your doctor.

If excessive and persistent thirst, it may be a sign of diabetes or another underlying health condition. Doctors commonly refer to abnormal thirst as "polydipsia". It pays to think about what you have been eating and drinking lately. Eating more salty or spicy foods than usual can cause a sudden increase in thirst.

• Diuretics. Used in the treatment of hypertension, diabetes and heart failure. Also prescribed for edema and diabetes insipidus. They also lead to dehydration.
• Tetracycline antibiotics. Used to treat bacterial infections. Remove sodium from the body.
• Lithium. Used to treat bipolar disorder and other psychiatric disorders.
• Phenothiazine. Used to treat schizophrenia and other mental disorders.

How to get rid of constant thirst?

Try to drink before you feel a strong urge to drink water. To prevent thirst from making itself felt, drink half a cup of pure water every hour. Increase the amount of fluid you drink if you are in a dry, warm room for a long time. It is recommended to drink eight glasses of liquid throughout the day.

Thirst can also be caused by the loss of excessive amounts of water from the body. Intense exercise where water is lost through loss of diarrhea and vomiting. . Dry mouth or excessive thirst can sometimes be a side effect of certain medications such as antidepressants, antihistamines, or diuretics. These drugs can affect the salivary glands, resulting in a decrease in the amount of saliva they produce.

If a particular drug is causing dry mouth, it may be possible to switch to another drug or reduce its dose. Talk to your doctor about this. In women, feeling thirsty can also be one of the symptoms of pregnancy. This is due to the hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy.

Watch your urination. To rid your body of dehydration, you should drink such an amount of liquid that the urine will not be dark or too light in color. An indicator of sufficient fluid content is urine of a normal, moderate yellow color.

Drink clean water during physical work, sports training. During hard work, a person loses from 1.5 to 2 liters of fluid and only after that feels thirsty. Therefore, to prevent dehydration, drink half a glass of water 15 minutes before starting work or playing sports. Then drink water every 15 minutes. during, and 15 minutes after the end of work or training.

You should see your doctor if you. Your doctor will likely perform a blood glucose test to see if you have diabetes. Like thirsty feelings, people with diabetes usually feel very tired and need to go to the bathroom often, especially at night.

If you have diabetes, your body will not be able to break down glucose into energy. This is because the body does not produce enough of the hormone insulin to move glucose, or the resulting insulin does not work properly. There are also many other potential causes of dry mouth or extreme thirst.

If the thirst is constant, you drink a large amount of fluid per day, but you still want to drink, you need to take a blood test for high sugar. Since diabetes can be the cause of constant thirst, you need to undergo a medical examination, and, if necessary, adhere to a special treatment program, follow a diet.

So we talked about why there is a constant thirst, the reasons for how to get rid of told. When the above symptoms appear, you should immediately seek advice from an endocrinologist or therapist. If you want to drink after a head injury, then you need to go to an appointment with a neurologist or traumatologist. Having established the cause of constant thirst, it is easier to get rid of this obsessive state. Be healthy!

Causes of nausea and thirst

Any condition that leads to dehydration will cause thirst. It is very important to drink plenty of water or other beverages during hot weather and during exercise or other strenuous physical activity. Remember that you need to take extra fluids while exercising in hot conditions to stay hydrated.

Do you feel that your mouth is too dry? Are you drinking more water than usual and still feeling thirsty? Do you know that it could be a disease? Dry mouth and a constant desire to drink water can be symptoms of some diseases, and it is important to know how to identify them so that treatment can be carried out.

Thirst does not always mean that you sat down for something or simply did not drink enough water per day. In some cases, dry mouth and thirst are clear signs of serious diseases of the internal organs and blood, one of them is diabetes mellitus. If you find yourself with abnormal thirst, you should seek the advice of a doctor in time.

Dry mouth and thirst: what could be the cause?

One of the main diseases that have these two symptoms is xerostomia. Read more about this and other causes of dry mouth below. As we say, dry mouth and excessive thirst are the two main symptoms of xerostomia. However, this disease may still have other symptoms.

In addition, dry mouth and thirst can bring other kinds of effects to people. If you experience any of the following symptoms, related to those we have already discussed, contact your doctor, as this may be a sign of an illness. Increased flight.

• It is worth noting that many (or rather,) diseases begin with simple and nondescript symptoms at first glance.
• Most often, people do not even pay attention to such symptoms and completely ignore them, but you should not do this in any case!
• Such a simple symptom as constant thirst can be an "alarm bell" screaming about a serious illness or abnormalities in the body.
• Pay attention to how often you are thirsty and thirsty, as well as the amount of water that you drink at a time. If the amount is not familiar and normal for you, this is a reason to urgently consult a doctor
• You need to pay attention to the thirst that lasts for a long time, and does not occur during hot weather for several days in a row.
• Normal thirst is considered in the summer when the air temperature exceeds 25 degrees, when you have regular and heavy physical activity and immediately after eating (especially if it was salty)

reasons for thirst, why do you constantly want to drink?

Constant thirst and desire to drink water may indicate the presence of a serious disease in the body that requires intervention and treatment.

Why do you want to drink at night? Causes of Night Thirst

There are other symptoms, but they are visible and should be evaluated with caution. Always seek medical attention to assess your condition and health before taking any medication.

Dry mouth occurs due to lack of saliva production, which causes xerostomia.

What disease symptom?

An imbalance in our body that causes dry mouth can be caused by long-term use of certain medications, the effects of mouth surgeries, due to the presence of a tumor in the region, or even due to some autoimmune diseases in the body. For dry mouth and excessive thirst to be treated properly, it is necessary to find out what the cause is, as they are present in a number of diseases. Therefore, you should consult with your doctor so that he can find out what is causing the lack of saliva production so that the two of you can find a solution.

Reasons why a person may be thirsty:

• Not infrequently, thirst is a consequence of taking medications for a long time. It is they who are able to cause such unpleasant sensations as: dryness of the tongue and dry mouth, dryness in the throat and on the nasopharyngeal mucosa
• The desire to constantly drink can be a consequence of excessive consumption of coffee, alcoholic beverages and the inclusion of large amounts of salt in food.
• Also, thirst is present when you use diuretic drugs (pills, herbs from traditional medicine), certain types of strong antibiotics, expectorants and antihypertensive drugs.
• If you are not indifferent to "street food", then thirst can constantly accompany you. The reason for this is the high content of salt and fat in fast food dishes.

To get rid of unpleasant sensations will help the rejection of harmful products and becoming on the path of proper nutrition. Proper nutrition is food in which there are many vegetables, fruits, little salt, oil and sugar. If in this case the thirst does not disappear, it is worth contacting a specialist for advice.

thirst and desire to constantly drink can be a symptom of an unpleasant disease

Unfortunately, thirst and a constant desire to drink can most often indicate the presence of such a serious disease as diabetes mellitus. In this case, if you have heredity or the slightest suspicion, you should contact your therapist and take a blood test for sugar.

Those who have diabetes may not know for a long time that they have this disease. They do not know and do not receive proper treatment. As a rule, only when the situation worsens at a severe stage, a person becomes very ill, he is hospitalized, and only after careful tests in a medical institution, a severe degree of diabetes mellitus is diagnosed.

Timely diagnosis of the disease can save a person from serious consequences. Such consequences can be terrible things: blindness, forced amputation of limbs (lower), death.

Other causes of thirst:

• Desire to drink - may be a symptom that indicates that you have kidney failure. It occurs because the kidneys can no longer retain water in the body and provoke thirst.
• During kidney failure, the fluid that is in the body does not come out well through the urinary canal. It accumulates in human tissues. That is why swelling occurs on the body
• Thirst is a symptom of a violation in the body of water-salt balance. It is for this reason that dehydration occurs in the body. During dehydration with urination (which occurs quite often), a concentrated accumulation of sodium in the body is excreted
• Another symptom of thirst is considered when a person has a violation of the thyroid gland. To this symptom, you can add sensations such as fatigue, lethargy, lack of concentration, aching joints
• Another possibility of thirst is liver disease, pay attention to other sensations: pain under the ribs, nausea, dizziness

Video: "Diabetes, thirst"

Why do you often feel thirsty after eating?

One of the most “childish” memories is how mothers were forced to drink water after meals. However, this was not correct at all. All sorts of nutritionists, gastroenterologists and endocrinologists speak about this.

Drinking does not always act as an assistant for the stomach and favors the normal process of digestion. Of all the drinks offered, I especially want to highlight sweet and carbonated ones. It is they who absolutely do not saturate the body with liquid and do not quench thirst. They create the illusion of lack of thirst and give a person a good portion of sugar in the form of a treat.

Why do you often feel thirsty after eating?

• The exception is pure water without gas, but it should also be consumed correctly - not after a meal, but before a meal. : it is necessary so that she was able to wash off the mucous remnants of the previous digestive process from the walls of the stomach, as well as the gastric juice that remained there
• The most favorable time for drinking is about half an hour before a meal. A glass of water before dinner will not only “cleanse” the stomach, but also prepare it for a new digestive process and stimulate the production of new “fresh” gastric juice.
• In addition, the water that entered the stomach before food can favorably affect the figure, saving a person from overeating and extra pounds.

how to drink water after eating?

Drinking water immediately after eating is not recommended for several reasons:

• The liquid that enters the stomach along with the food eaten tends to dilute the gastric juice. This affects the quality of gastric juice, in this case, its function becomes less effective.
• Diluted gastric juice breaks down food worse, it takes longer to digest and does not have the proper beneficial effect on the body.
• Due to poor gastric juice, food is not completely digested and for this reason, in the digestive tract, its remains begin to rot.
• The process of decay provokes the body to produce the necessary enzymes in the required amount, which significantly wears out the internal organs
• As a result of poor digestion, such an unpleasant sensation as flatulence is formed in the intestines - excessive gas formation.
• The worst effects of impaired digestion: indigestion, stool disorders, gastritis, liver disease

Causes of thirst after eating:

• A sharp intake of a large amount of fatty and satisfying food into the body, from which he wants to get rid of as soon as possible, diluting it with liquid
• General dehydration. A person needs to drink 1.5-2 liters of water per day, and during meals, he gives a “signal” that, in addition to it, he also needs water.
• Fatty, salty and spicy foods provoke the urge to drink enough water, which will dilute it.
• Violation of acidity inside the stomach

Video: "K What is the right way to drink water during meals, after meals, before meals? How to drink water correctly?

Why do you want to drink at night? Causes of Night Thirst

Thirst that occurs at night can be provoked for several reasons. This is a fairly common phenomenon that occurs very often. It arises due to simple factors, but in some cases it serves as a symptom of negative diseases.

It is worth noting that many people do not respond to this symptom at all and completely ignore dry mouth. This is unacceptable because thirst most often indicates disorders and diseases.

Causes of thirst at night:

• Most often, thirst at night is provoked by overeating, which lasted during the day or only at night. In this case, this does not carry any negative information, but overeating in itself is highly undesirable.
• In order to not be thirsty at night, you must follow a certain regimen and do not eat three to four hours before bedtime
• In addition, the desire to drink at night arises from the consumption of large amounts of tea, coffee and alcoholic beverages during the day. Alcohol in general is able not only to expel fluid from the body, but also to wash out all the useful substances, and that is why there is a feeling of thirst.
• Taking certain medications provokes dry mouth and thirst even at night. This is especially true when taking diuretics.
• The sensation of thirst can be influenced by radiation therapy, which is carried out in the head and neck. This is because it affects the quality of saliva and provokes drying.
• Thirst at night can occur due to simple nasal congestion when a person swallows air through the mouth.
• Too high water sugar level provokes a constant desire to drink water in a person. A diabetic can drink five to ten liters of fluid per day

why does thirst arise at night?

Night thirst can be a symptom of unpleasant diseases:

• Aldosteronism - tumors that arise in the adrenal glands, affecting the kidneys and causing a person to fail kidneys
• diabetes insipidus - in other words, disturbed water and salt metabolism in the body, during urination, beneficial trace elements are released from the body
• Diabetes - too high a concentration of glucose in a person’s blood, which provokes constant thirst
• Hyperparathyroidism - insufficient amount of calcium in the body. This leads to frequent feeling of thirst and frequent urination.
• Dehydration- Thirst is a consequence or symptom of an infectious disease. It is the cause of lack of fluid in the human body. To this can be added a feeling of dryness of the tongue and mouth.
• cholera algid - a symptom of this disease is complete dehydration of the body and, as a result, a complete loss of nutrients and nutrients from the body. The disease is characterized by increased diarrhea and vomiting.
• Urolithiasis disease - Kidney stones block the flow of urine, which provokes a feeling of thirst due to impaired water metabolism, this disease is characterized by painful urination
• Diseases of the heart and blood vessels - thirst in this case is one of the symptoms along with the difficult process of transporting blood and oxygen through the body

Night thirst is always the cause of disruption of the body

If you like salty foods and eat them regularly, then regular nighttime thirst is not at all a surprising symptom. The desire to drink arises from the fact that salt retains and accumulates water in the body.

In addition, strong thirst at night can be such reasons:

• intoxication of the body (poisoning)
• drinking large amounts of alcoholic beverages
• the presence of a viral disease in the body
• development of tumors in the body
• inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system

To get an accurate answer to the cause of intense thirst at night, you need to take a blood and urine test and seek the advice of a specialist.

Ways to quench night thirst:

• If you feel very thirsty, try drinking a glass of non-fat yogurt before bed and at night instead of water.
• During the day, try to quench your thirst with green tea (but not in the evening and not before bed, as you will not be able to fall asleep)
• Do not drink sugary drinks during the day: soda, cocktails, compotes, tea and coffee with sugar (try)
• The best thirst quencher is water with the addition of lemon.

Video: " Dehydration. What can you drink and what can not?

Why are you thirsty in the morning? Causes of morning thirst

Dry mouth and feeling of thirst after sleep is a common occurrence along with normal and nocturnal thirst. Basically, they arise for the same reasons: disruption of the body and the presence of any disease.

Causes of morning thirst, why there is a desire to drink in the morning:

• malnutrition- the most common and constant cause of too unpleasant sensations of dry mouth in the morning. They arise because the food for consumption is too salty, fatty and heavy. the body feels the need to dilute it, make it softer, and salt retains and accumulates water in the body
• medication use - many of the drugs that are taken for various reasons have a diuretic property. Experiencing a lack of fluid, the body begins to demand its replenishment and this leads to the fact that a person is constantly thirsty, especially in the morning, when during the night he did not drink for a long time
• increased physical activity for example, working at night or playing sports, after which a person does not replenish his water balance leads to dehydration
• the presence of a disease of any kind and complexity, as a result of which thirst is just one of the unpleasant symptoms

Thirst arising in the morning. Why do you want to drink in the morning?

Adjusting the menu and diet, refusing to take medications and adjusting the water-salt balance in the body will help get rid of morning thirst: for this you need to consume up to two liters of purified water per day.

Why do you always want to drink a lot of water? Reasons for drinking too much liquid

Summarizing all of the above, we can determine the seven most important causes of intense thirst at any time of the day in different people. If you notice a strong desire to drink after a workout or salty - there is no reason to panic. Much more serious is the thirst that is unreasonably present.

why do you want to drink so much? why do you want to drink a lot?

The most common and common causes of constant thirst:

• Dehydration- occurs mostly due to malnutrition, heavy stress on the body, in the hot season, heavy consumption of harmful drinks: tea, coffee, alcohol, milk in large quantities and a complete rejection of ordinary water. Dehydration can also be caused by health problems: high fever, poisoning, diarrhea, bleeding. You can get rid of this only if you drink the norm of pure non-carbonated water per day.
• Diabetes - as has been said many times, if a person has this disease, the body requires water a lot and constantly. The reason for this is high blood sugar. A blood test in a medical facility for sugar will help determine the cause.
• Disrupted functioning of the parathyroid gland - which are responsible for the necessary level of calcium in the body. In this case, if you notice frequent urge to drink, contact your endocrinologist for advice.
• Taking medication which often have side effects such as dry mouth, thirst, desire to drink and a diuretic quality. The category of such drugs includes: antibiotics, diuretics, expectorants, antihistamines. To get rid of thirst, you should consult a doctor about taking medications and adjust them.
• kidney disease and all because they are the main organ responsible for the water-salt balance in the body: they remove water and their dysfunction leads to its poor outflow and general disorders: you want to drink a lot, but it is problematic to go to the toilet
• Liver disease and in this case - one of the most striking symptoms
• Thirst as a consequence of trauma - happens when a person has had a head injury and swelling of the brain appears

In any of these situations, it is impossible to cope with the problem on your own. If you feel a strong thirst - you should contact a competent specialist in a timely manner.

Why do you want to drink during pregnancy? Causes of thirst during pregnancy

Such a symptom as intense thirst during pregnancy is not uncommon. In most cases, a strong urge to drink heavily provokes the appearance of another symptom - swelling of the limbs.

Humans are about 80 percent water. In the fluid that is in the body, the most important processes take place: the breakdown of nutrients, gas exchanges, cell regeneration, energy release.

If a person restricts fluid and creates its deficiency, then you can notice that all internal processes slow down, but the moment when dehydration occurs, they will completely stop. From this we can conclude: without in dy man live - can not!

Why do you want to drink heavily during pregnancy?

• When a woman is in position, all her needs increase, and the load increases. Indeed, in addition to the fact that she needs to maintain her metabolism, she provides the fetus with nutrients and literally experiences a “restructuring” of her body literally every day. It is precisely for the reason that the body experiences many changes in a short period of time - it requires more fluid to carry out all reactions.
• Another reason for thirst is the increased work of the kidneys due to the fact that the internal organs of the fetus are still underdeveloped and the mother's kidneys literally need to do double work to process fluid and remove toxins.
• In addition, in order to fully develop, a child needs a sufficient amount of amniotic fluid, which are also produced by the female body, and that is why a woman may notice frequent thirst
• Pregnancy causes the restructuring of the female body, affecting the hematopoietic system. A sufficient amount of blood in the body allows you to fully provide the fetus with oxygen. Nature also made sure that during pregnancy a woman accumulated a sufficient amount of blood with a “safety net” so that if, in the event of a not very successful birth, she would have heavy bleeding
• If a woman has a lack of blood in her body, this will lead to its excessive density and this will cause health risks: thrombosis, heart ischemia, heart attack
• In this case, a woman's frequent and abundant desire to drink is influenced by her taste preferences: too spicy, sweet and salty foods, for example. The body requires a large amount of fluid to flush out all the salts and spices.

Doctors do not recommend women to limit drinking during pregnancy and only advise not to drink large amounts at night, as well as to limit yourself from those foods that cause thirst: chips, crackers, sweets, pickled and salted vegetables.

Video: "How much to drink during pregnancy?"

Why after salty you want to drink, the reasons for such thirst

• Such a phenomenon as thirst that occurs after salty foods is very common and normal. The desire to drink water can arise after chips, crackers, salted fish, sausage, and even salty soup.
• "Salt Thirst" is very simple and can be called otherwise as "balance". Once in the body, salt is distributed throughout the body. Its highest concentration is still observed in the blood than in the tissues. For this reason, the body strives to “restore balance” and “dilute” too concentrated salts as quickly as possible.
• Cells begin to demand salt, at the same time giving up water, which then must be replenished.
• Thirst occurs precisely when the concentration of salt in the body is maximum and disappears when the drunk liquid literally “washes away the salt”
• It is for this reason that the thirst that arises from an excess of salt in the body does not disappear immediately, but only after a while. Because no matter how much water you drink at once, it will be useless.
• If you don’t drink after salty, then it is quite possible to lead your body to dehydration, which leads to many unpleasant consequences.

Why do you want to drink so much after salty?

Why do you feel thirsty after alcohol? Causes of thirst after alcohol

There are several reasons for thirst after alcoholic beverages. All of them are justified by a kind of body stress due to lack of fluid.

Causes of thirst after alcoholic beverages:

• The work of the internal organs is disrupted due to the fact that they were affected by a high degree of the drink and that is why thirst is felt - the kidneys are malfunctioning
• Alcohol provokes the production of toxins in the body, which in turn affect the metabolism in general and disrupts the water-salt balance.
• Under the influence of alcohol, the liver refuses to work and stops the production of enzymes that could in turn block thirst.
• Due to excessive alcohol consumption, the level of toxins in the body rises, it gives a signal that the blood needs to be “cleansed” and a person drinks a lot of water. Blood accumulates in the tissues and therefore a person observes some swelling on the limbs and throughout the body

thirst after alcohol, why do you want to drink after alcohol?

Alcohol disrupts the functioning of the whole organism:

• makes the blood circulation disturbed, as a result of all, not the full volume circulates
• insufficient blood circulation leads the brain to oxygen and water starvation
• alcohol removes magnesium from the blood and it is for this reason that a person feels intense thirst

In addition to the constant desire to drink, there are symptoms such as:

• drowsiness and general lethargy
• headache
• dryness in the throat, in the mouth, in the nasopharynx, in the larynx
• thirst

Drinking plenty of fluids after alcohol poisoning or large-scale drinking is a must. Moreover, liquid for drinking: juice, tea, water, decoctions.

In a short time, certain types of liquids can quench your thirst: kefir, kvass, brine (that is, products of not strong salting and fermentation products). In addition, it will be especially useful to take some diuretic medications that will help drive excess water out of the body. A sufficient amount of oxygen also contributes to the rapid disappearance of thirst, so a short walk on foot will contribute to good health.

The reason for this, in the vast majority of cases, are hypothalamic-pituitary disorders, which can be congenital or acquired. The term "adipsia" refers to the area of ​​partial water deficiency in developing pathological processes of thirst regulation. For this reason, it would be more correct to call such a condition - hypodipsia.

Pathophysiological basis of adipsia

In humans, the thirst center is located in the anterior part of the hypothalamus. The main physiological stimuli for the manifestation of signs of the need for replenishment with water are hypertonicity, based on the osmotic pressure of the blood and hypovolemia. Adipsia is often a congenital pathology, additional social stimuli that have arisen in the process of life, as a rule, are primary in relation to failures in the regulation of water in the body.

Osmoreceptors, located in the anterior wall of the third ventricle, mediate the osmotic regulation of thirst, which regulate the secretion of vasopressin, an osmotic thirst factor.

Hypovolemia and hypotension can also stimulate thirst through the activation of low or high blood pressure through stretch receptors - hypovolemic thirst. Impulses from these receptors are transmitted by the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves to the medulla oblongata, and from there to the hypothalamus. In addition, the hypothalamus is directly stimulated by angiotensin II. In general, hypovolemic thirst occurs due to the depletion of blood plasma volume by at least 4-8%.

Thirst anomalies can be caused by specific functional lesions of the hypothalamus that prevent activation of the regulation of osmotic or hypovolemic processes. Often these two phenomena occur in combination, interfering with the cognitive processes necessary to perceive thirst.

Any lesion, congenital or acquired, that affects the anterior hypothalamus can result in a lack of thirst. Disorders in the regulation of antidiuretic hormone, produced in the hypothalamus and responsible for the production, storage and excretion of urine, leads to a violation of the ability to form urine. On this basis, a pathological condition called diabetes insipidus often develops, which can be characterized by adipsia or, conversely, increased thirst.

Symptoms and causes of the disease

No physical signs are specific for adipsia. The most obvious symptoms of the disorder are best attributed to changes in water regulation due to hypernatremia. These changes include the following:

• hyperpnea;
• muscle weakness;
• increased mobility;
• active verbal signs of arousal;
• insomnia;
• lethargy;
• coma;
• convulsions - rarely, except in cases of excessively rapid rehydration;
• loss of skin turgor and dry mucous membranes. These symptoms occur relatively frequently, but may not be commensurate with the degree of dehydration.

Physical signs indicating underlying disorders are often obvious. Examples of such physical features include:

The objective reasons for the development of adipsia are often:

• tumor lesions - germinomas, histiocytomas and gliomas;
• microcephaly;
• cleft lip, cleft palate;
• empty Turkish saddle;
• malformations of the transparent septum;
• meningoencephalitis;
• subarachnoid hemorrhage;
• hydrocephalus;
• pseudotumor state;
• psychogenic disorders.

Clarifying diagnostics

The following laboratory tests are indicated for patients with suspected adipsia:

• Determination of electrolytes, nitrogen and serum creatinine:

1. adipsia often leads to electrolyte disturbances in the blood serum;
2. hypernatremia is a hallmark of clinically significant water deficiency, which may be associated with adipsia;
3. water deficiency associated with adipsia also causes high creatinine levels and an increase in the creatinine to BUN ratio.

• The result of water deficiency is often markedly increased serum osmolality;
• Urinary electrolyte levels and osmotic pressure:

1. Simultaneous measurements of urinary electrolytes and osmolality are critical in identifying central rather than renal causes of water homeostasis disorders;
2. In adipsia, fractional sodium excretion is less than 1% if the defect coexists with impaired vasopressin function;
3. Urinary osmolality is very high unless defects due to vasopressin deficiency are observed;
4. In diabetes insipidus, urine concentration is submaximal, even under conditions of high serum osmolality. With salt intoxication, the concentration in the urine of sodium is very high, and its fractional excretion is more than 1%;
5. Difficulties in diagnosis may arise when adipsia and diabetes insipidus coexist. In these patients, initial test results may show suggestive diabetes insipidus. However, administration of vasopressin increases urine osmolarity and reduces the tendency to hypernatremia. The patient's history of not being thirsty indicates the coexistence of adipsia.

• Hormone levels in the blood;
• In isolated adipsia, circulating vasopressin levels should be high, reflecting the corresponding pituitary response to hyperosmolarity. Patients who have defects in thirst regulation and vasopressin secretion have very low or absent serum levels of this hormone;
• Elevated levels of plasma renin and aldosterone may indicate secondary hypovolemia.

Of the methods of visual diagnostics, brain studies are most often used, such as computed tomography and MRI, which are highly indicated if the main cause of the development of adipsia can be an anatomical and physiological defect in the brain area - an empty Turkish saddle or a tumor. Methods can also help rule out complications of hypernatremia, such as intracranial hemorrhage.

Medical care for adipsia

Key points in the treatment of adipsia:

• Treatment of the underlying cause of the disease can take years, since the pathology has a high tendency to relapse.
• Most of the true causes of adipsia are incurable - patients will have to take symptomatic treatment for life.
• The underlying damage to the hypothalamic region is 99% irreversible, leading to the condition described above.
• The goal of medical care is to teach the patient to maintain adequate fluid intake regardless of the manifestations of thirst.

• Pharmacological therapy is not provided for the treatment of this disease at present.
• The main direction in therapy is the consumption of water regularly and regardless of the requirements of the body.
• Electroconvulsive therapy has been used with mixed results among patients in whom a psychogenic factor is the underlying cause.
• When behavioral therapy fails, the only option left is long-term administration of fluids through a nasogastric tube in especially advanced cases.
• The appointment of desmopressin acetate is relevant if it is necessary to limit the output of urine. The method is especially useful in patients with coexisting central diabetes insipidus.
• In case of adipsia in case of diabetes insipidus, recovery of thirst function, after exclusion of the underlying cause, can be assessed using a visual analog scale after infusion of hypertonic saline.

• surgical removal of tumors, hematomas or cysts that suppress the activity of the thirst center;
• dietary restrictions are not provided;
• frequent and regular intake of water should be maintained;
• activity restrictions are not required.

The main causes of dulling the sensation of thirst

Thirst is a signal that should be perceived by every person. However, some people claim that they are not thirsty and therefore drink little water.

Causes of dulling the sensation of thirst

First reason- lack of response to signals sent by the body. If a person drinks little, even when he is thirsty, the feeling of thirst gradually decreases, and throat irritation and dry mouth weaken. A similar phenomenon is familiar to cooks who, over time, cease to feel the burning sensation in their fingers after touching hot dishes, as they adapt to the effects of high temperatures.

A person who drinks little liquid quickly gets used to the feeling of thirst and no longer perceives the signals sent by the body. However, this concerns only the subjective perception of thirst, and not its consequences: these people inevitably suffer from chronic dehydration.

Loss of thirst is rare in children, much more common in adults, and fairly common in the elderly. The latter may experience dry mouth, but they do not want to drink at all.

The second reason ignoring the signal of thirst is that people often confuse it with hunger. These sensations are often similar. If we constantly drown out the feeling of thirst with food, it weakens and we stop feeling it.

Fortunately, like all physiological functions, the feeling of thirst can be restored if you drink water regularly and in sufficient quantities.

Dehydration: causes and consequences

Everyone knows the benefits of water for the body, but few people think about its lack. But a bad mood, depression, insomnia, anxiety are the most harmless manifestations that cause dehydration. The reason is that most people are not in the habit of drinking water at all.

Dehydration (dehydration) is the lack of water needed for metabolic and chemical processes. They do not stop for a minute in the human body throughout life. It is water that is the second, after oxygen, a necessary substance for life. Its deficiency leads to severe stress, changes the hormonal balance, causes an increase in blood concentration and acidity of the body.

Such stresses can trigger irreversible processes. As a result, there are heart, mental, endocrine, oncological diseases. In some cases, the cells of the brain and spinal cord, bone tissue are destroyed, which leads to the development of osteoporosis.

Dehydration Basics

Dehydration is a lack of fluid, one of the serious diseases. Sometimes it can be a kind of signal about the development of more severe pathologies. To avoid excessive manifestations of the disease, you should know the main causes and signs of dehydration.

A decrease in the level of normal water balance leads to the onset of the disease. If you spend a long time in the sun, the first symptoms may appear. Sometimes their occurrence provokes an unbalanced diet or diet. It is very important to understand that real dehydration can begin in this way. Symptoms that will not slow down to appear should be able to correctly interpret in order to take action in time.

Water is an essential nutrient medium for the life of cells. It carries nutrients, allows the body to stabilize body temperature. Its deficiency hinders important processes, disrupts the function of digestion.

Sometimes there is an opinion that water can be easily replaced with any other drink. For example, coffee, tea, alcohol, soda. Not at all. Many of the drinks, in addition to water, contain dehydrating ingredients. Caffeine is just one of them. Therefore, from the use of such a drink, you can lose moisture much more than you would like to get. Alcohol should be included in a special category. He's just a leader in dehydration. Hot tea during a cold also rapidly removes fluid due to sweating. This is also wrong, although the person usually experiences relief. Much better to drink warm water. You can also add lemon and honey to it.

Causes of dehydration

Usually, dehydration is caused by repeated vomiting, diarrhea, intense sweating, and fever. If in this state a person does not receive enough fluid, dehydration may begin to develop. Especially pronounced are the signs of dehydration in a child. The risk group includes the seriously ill and the elderly.

An insignificant stage of the disease is compensated by increased water intake. The body itself took care of this, providing it with a mechanism for the emergence of thirst. A special structure in the brain is responsible for it. Another protective function with a lack of fluid is less urination. Thus, the body tries to maintain at least a little balance, struggling with a disease such as dehydration.

• Vomiting and diarrhea. Gastrointestinal upset can cause severe fluid loss in a fairly short period of time. Dehydration with diarrhea caused by cholera occurs so rapidly that sometimes the body loses several liters of valuable fluid in two hours. And if diarrhea is accompanied by vomiting, then the loss will be even more significant. In children, this process occurs much faster. Therefore, having noticed the first signs, you should immediately contact your pediatrician for help.
• Fever. It is a known fact that the higher the temperature of a person, the faster moisture is lost from the body. Following popular advice, patients try to sweat. For this, they use a lot of tea. As you know, the body, along with sweat, loses precious fluid. And if the disease is also supplemented by diarrhea, vomiting, then the risk of dehydration increases many times over.
• Increased sweating. A person always loses fluid. And a lot of water leaves the body through sweat. Intensive training can drive up to several hundred grams of fluid. In this regard, going on a hike or the gym, be sure to grab a bottle of water. Children are especially sensitive to increased sweating during competitions and games. This is due to physiology. But, unfortunately, babies are inattentive to such a condition, they do not attach any importance to signs of dehydration. This is one of the many reasons why children's games should be supervised by adults.
• Increased urination. Often these signs of dehydration are the result of diabetes. This disease causes impaired glucose utilization. With a lack of production of the hormone insulin by the pancreas, the patient is tormented by severe thirst. The result is profuse urination. Similar symptoms can be caused by another disease - diabetes insipidus. It provokes its lack of antidiuretic hormone of the pituitary gland. This disease also causes an acute feeling of thirst, accompanied by increased urination.

Some medications can cause the body to lose its life-giving moisture. These are, for example, diuretics, antihistamines, antihypertensives, and some psychiatric drugs.

Severe dehydration causes alcohol and many drugs.

Who is at risk?

Observations confirm that some people become victims of dehydration more often than others. The ones most at risk are:

• Children. Vulnerability to the outside world of babies makes them most susceptible to various intestinal infections. And this causes a strong loss of fluid. In addition, the process occurs quite rapidly, removing electrolytes from the body. This is due to the fact that the children's body contains more water. And consequently, the metabolic process is much more intense.
• Aged people. As people age, they become more vulnerable. This is especially true for dehydration. The body loses its ability to retain fluid. An older person adapts much worse to high temperatures, so on hot days such people often suffer from dehydration. In addition, the feeling of thirst in them is a little dulled. Sometimes old people have a tendency to permanent malnutrition. Often they forget about food intake and, accordingly, fluids. Such indifference and impotence sometimes become the causes of dehydration. And acquired diseases - diabetes, hormonal disorders - can exacerbate this condition.

• Athletes. People who load their body with physical exercises can experience all the problems associated with dehydration. Especially if training takes place in a humid, hot environment, at high altitudes. Participants of marathons in cycling, triathlon, climbers are in the highest risk group. Exercise constantly provokes the removal of fluid from the body. Every hour this problem inexpressibly exacerbates. With prolonged physical exertion, it becomes completely difficult to maintain the necessary water balance. This process can last several days with constant intensive training. But at one point, even a light load can cause disease. This can be avoided only by strict control of the liquid supply. This doesn't just apply to training. Every day, day after day, you should drink the required amount of water.
• Seriously ill. Some chronic pathologies can result in dehydration of the body. As a rule, these are kidney diseases, diabetes, adrenal disorders, and chronic alcoholism. However, do not forget that sometimes even a banal cold can cause apathy for food and liquids, which will dehydrate the body.
• People living in high-rise buildings. Often, few people think about what problems such buildings can bring. The higher a person rises, the more rapid his breathing. This is common to all people living or working in offices at an altitude of over 2500 meters. The speed of breathing, caused by the body's desire to maintain the required level of oxygen, causes an increased process of exhalation and evaporation of moisture.

Dehydration classification

Dehydration has several stages of severity. Each of them has its own symptoms and requires appropriate treatment. There are three degrees of dehydration: mild, moderate and severe. The latter can even lead to cell death. So think about it: is it worth exposing your body to such tests?

Symptoms of the disease

Dehydration of the body can be very easily detected at an early stage. It should be noted that these degrees of the disease are easily amenable to complete cure. Therefore, if you notice that dehydration is setting in, the symptoms are quite eloquent about it, take action immediately.

Mild to moderate usually causes:

• drowsiness, fatigue;
• dry mouth and viscosity;
• feeling of thirst;
• decreased urination - babies' diapers stay dry for three hours, and older children do not go to the toilet for about eight hours, sometimes more;
• dry skin;
• constipation;
• headache;
• complete absence or very few tears when crying;
• dizziness, sometimes even fainting.

Severe dehydration requiring immediate medical attention causes:

• increased thirst;
• insomnia, fussiness in children, confusion and irritability in adults;
• lack of sweat;
• dryness of not only the mouth, but also the skin, and even the mucous membranes;
• almost no urination or a small amount that is dark yellow or amber in color;
• sinking of the fontanel in an infant;
• the skin becomes wrinkled when clamped, does not straighten immediately;
• sunken eyes;
• low blood pressure;
• rapid breathing;
• complete absence of tears;
• cardiopalmus;
• elevated temperature;
• delirium, loss of consciousness - in the most difficult stages.

But remember: feeling thirsty is not always a reliable indicator of a lack of water in the body. This is especially true for the elderly and children. The best indicator is the shade of urine. The norm is indicated by a transparent color or slightly colored. A dark yellow and amber hue indicates dehydration.

When to see a doctor?

An adult healthy person can easily cope with mild to moderate dehydration. It is enough to establish a normal fluid intake. In case of severe thirst, lack of urination, wrinkled skin, dizziness, confusion, medical help is urgently needed. Such signs of dehydration in a child or an elderly person require great vigilance.

Call your doctor immediately if the patient has symptoms:

If you suspect dehydration, you should contact the nearest medical facility or immediately call an ambulance.

Treatment of children

The most effective way is to restore the lost fluid and electrolytes. The specific scheme of how to treat dehydration depends on the age of the child, the cause of the disease and the severity. Of course, it is best to choose it together with a pediatrician.

Initially, you should give the baby special preparations for dehydration. The best solution is "Regidron". It should be started as soon as the child has vomiting or diarrhea. Such preparations contain electrolytes necessary for the body. It's potassium and sodium. They help to restore the full water and electrolyte balance. This will prevent the occurrence of serious consequences.

An excellent analogue of the drug can be a home-made solution for dehydration. To make it, you will need half a teaspoon of salt, 6 teaspoons of sugar, a liter of purified drinking water. Check the proportions are correct. This is very important when preparing a homemade solution. If the dose is incorrect, the drug will be less effective and may sometimes be harmful.

Give your baby a sufficient amount of the drug, starting with small portions. In case of vomiting, start with one spoonful. Such a medicine should be used until the complete disappearance of all symptoms. Pay close attention to the color of your urine. Very important! It is impossible to store the finished solution, especially in heat, for a long time. It falls into disrepair very quickly.

Solutions are the best drink. Dehydration in a child is not treated with tap or special sports water. Eliminate from the diet at this time soda, milk, caffeinated drinks, juices. This will only aggravate the symptoms.

Adult Treatment

In most cases, mild to moderate severity is observed. Therefore, sufficient fluid intake easily relieves adults of all the symptoms that dehydration causes. Treatment for diarrhea or vomiting may include the same solutions discussed above.

Quite rarely, a severe stage is observed. In this case, hospitalization remains the best option. In a hospital, such a patient is given intravenous fluid. In order not to delay the healing process and not get a whole bunch of complications instead of a long-awaited recovery, you should definitely consult a doctor. This will make it possible to return to a normal lifestyle much faster.

Complications of dehydration

Unfortunately, dehydration in some cases, especially with insufficient due attention, can lead to rather disastrous results. Don't ignore dehydration. The consequences can sometimes be fatal.

• Heatstroke. During intense physical activity, if a person does not drink enough fluids, the body can overheat. This condition is difficult because it can easily end in heat stroke. Unfortunately, it can sometimes be fatal.
• Seizures. Electrolytes necessary for vital activity (sodium, potassium) act as conductors between cells. Imbalance introduces disharmony into this process, provoking mixing of signals. This process causes involuntary muscle contractions or loss of consciousness.
• Edema of the brain. The lack of fluid makes the body even more eager to take care of the cells. It simply "pushes" the remaining water into the cells. In turn, this provokes their swelling and death. It is very dangerous if the body begins to "take care" of the brain cells.
• hypovolemic shock. This condition occurs when the pressure drops. It is defined as the most dangerous complication. Dehydration leads to insufficient blood volume and therefore low blood pressure. And this, in turn, reduces the amount of oxygen in the body.
• Kidney failure. One of the dangerous conditions for the body, which can lead to dehydration. It is dictated by the pressure drop. The kidneys become unable to filter harmful substances. After all, their work is determined only by the pressure in the vessels. Therefore, such a “filter” simply stops. Urine production stops. The disease is kidney failure.
• Coma, death. If you don’t catch yourself in time and start treating dehydration, dehydration diseases can be fatal.

Preventive measures

To avoid the disease and, of course, no less dangerous complications, you need very little. It is required to take a sufficient amount of fluid daily, eat juicy foods. These include vegetables and fruits. For most people, thirst is a kind of wake-up call. With physical exertion, you should not wait until it comes, increase your water intake.

And do not forget that in some situations you should take more water than usual.

• Disease. Start drinking more fluids or rehydration solution at the first sign of symptoms. Just do not forget that carbonated drinks, light beer contain a lot of sugar and little salt. Therefore, they are unable to replace the lost electrolytes.
• Sports. The day before serious physical exertion, the dose of liquid should be increased. A large amount of clear-colored urine is the best indicator of wealth. Drink 1-3 glasses of water immediately before your workout. Remember to drink fluids during exercise as well.

Conclusion

A person needs a certain amount of water. The minimum for each is one litre. This need is determined by age, mobility. More active people should drink two and sometimes three liters of fluid. This should always be remembered, and dangerous dehydration will not threaten you.

THIRST

Violation of the thirst development mechanism leads to adipsia and chronic or recurrent hypernatremia. If dehydration reaches a significant degree, patients may have decreased intelligence, chorea, azotemia, hypokalemia, and muscle weakness with or without concomitant rhabdomyolysis.

In most patients with polyuria, a very insignificant role in the development of dehydration belongs. However, probably due to the proximity of osmoreceptors mediating thirst and vasopressin secretion, antidiuretic function is often, if not always, impaired. This disorder usually remains unrecognized until attempts are made to eliminate hypernatemia with water loading. In this case, patients may experience symptoms of one of two types. Most often, even before rehydration normalizes plasma osmolality, urine dilution occurs and overt polyuria develops. Initially, it was assumed that this violation is the result of an excessive increase in the threshold or a shift in the “tuning” of the osmoregulatory system, which is usually called essential hypernatremia. However, regression analysis of the relationship between urinary osmolality or plasma vasopressin levels and plasma osmolality showed that impaired antidiuretic function may be due to a marked decrease in the slope of the corresponding curves or system sensitivity (Fig. 9-12). Since none of the previously described patients with essential hypernatremia has been examined using the regression analysis methods necessary to distinguish between true and apparent "reconfiguration" of the osmostat, it is still not clear whether such a pathology can really exist in a person.

In some patients with adipsic hypernatremia, increased hydration leads to hypotonicity with a loss of the ability to maximally dilute urine. This paradoxical defect is reminiscent of what is observed in the syndrome of inadequate

Circles indicate hypotensive values ​​[reproduced with permission from Bobertson G. L. - In: Tolls G. et al., (eds.) Clinical Neuroendocrinology: A pathophysiological Approach. - New York, Raven Press, 1979].

nogo antidiuresis and manifests itself, apparently, in two different forms. In one of them, prolonged or constant secretion of vasopressin occurs due to the complete loss of osmoregulatory function (Fig.

In many, if not most, patients with adipsic hypernatremia, the deficient response of vasopressin to changes in hydration results from a selective dysfunction of the osmoreceptor. The neurohypophysis and its regulatory afferents remain, apparently, completely intact, since the reactions of vasopressin to hemodynamic, emetic and glucopenic stimuli usually remain within the normal range or even exceed it.

It is usually not difficult to differentiate adipsic hypernatremia from other causes of water-salt imbalance (see Table 9-3). This diagnosis can almost certainly be made if a conscious adult is not thirsty under conditions where plasma osmolality and sodium concentration exceed 310 mosmol/kg and 150 mEq/L, respectively. In doubtful cases, the appearance of thirst can be observed with a standard infusion of hypertonic saline. The osmotic threshold of thirst may be slightly increased in primary aldosteronism, but with an increase in plasma hypertonicity, the intensity of the sensation of thirst in these patients does not decrease.

Treatment of patients with adipsic hypernatremia is mainly a matter of correct regimen. A constant water intake regimen, combined with daily weighing to monitor changes in hydration, is usually sufficient to keep plasma osmolality and sodium concentration within 5% of normal. Compliance with this regimen is especially important for patients with impaired ability to dilute urine, since they often develop both hyper- and hypohydration. In patients whose developing polyuria prevents the achievement of normal hydration, the use of vasopressin or one of the oral antidiuretic agents is often helpful. Oral preparations may also lead to some increase in fluid intake, although this effect is small at best and cannot replace other methods of maintaining water intake. It is also necessary to carefully ascertain the cause of adipsia using methods similar to those used to determine the causes of diabetes insipidus.

Dehydration

Water is the second most important substance after oxygen, necessary for chemical and metabolic processes in the human body. That is why dehydration of the body can provoke the occurrence of various diseases and pathologies. Against this background, various endocrine, cardiovascular, muscular and mental diseases develop.

Causes of dehydration

Dehydration of the body is primarily due to the excess of water excretion from it compared to its intake. Lack of water provokes the emergence of a variety of diseases. For example, water lubricates the joints, participates in the processes of digestion and respiration, since the human lungs need continuous moisture in order to free the blood from carbon dioxide and saturate it with oxygen.

Basically, dehydration of the body occurs due to the dryness of the air that enters the lungs. The first reaction to this is increased urination, which means a significant loss of not only fluid, but also sodium chloride, which leads to impaired water-salt metabolism.

Blood that has lost the necessary amount of water decreases in volume and begins to circulate more slowly, which leads to excessive stress on the heart. Thus, the body loses the ability to get rid of excess heat in hot conditions and distribute it in cold weather.

It has been established that the body needs up to 3 liters of fluid per day to maintain water balance, and in the hot season this amount increases. Therefore, its deficiency can provoke dehydration of the body. If the air temperature exceeds +35°C, the human body begins to heat up, especially during any physical activity. Maintaining a normal temperature and getting rid of excess heat is achieved through sweating. During this process, a person loses a lot of fluid, which should be restored. If the renewal of the required amount of moisture does not occur, such losses lead to its deficiency.

The main reasons for the lack of water in the human body are:

• Intensive sweating;
• Increased urination;
• severe nausea and vomiting;
• acute diarrhea;
• Insufficient fluid intake, provoked by loss of appetite or vomiting.

Symptoms of dehydration

The first symptom of dehydration is, of course, an increased feeling of thirst, however, not everyone has it from the very beginning of this pathological process. The surest sign of its presence can be called a change in the color and amount of urine: if its volume has significantly decreased, and the color has become dark yellow, this indicates a lack of fluid in the human body and the need to replenish it.

In addition, the sure signs of dehydration are severe sweating at high temperatures and physical exertion, dark circles under the eyes, a noticeable decrease in activity, overwork, and various disturbances in the functioning of the senses.

It is known that the lack of fluid in the first place has a negative impact on the brain, since it is 85% water. In conditions of its shortage, the production of energy in the brain is sharply reduced, which greatly affects the senses. That is why among the symptoms of dehydration should be identified and such as:

• Irritability and restlessness;
• Despondency and depression;
• Weakening of sexual desire;
• Heaviness in the head and headaches;
• Food cravings, cravings for alcohol, smoking and drugs.

All these signs of dehydration may indicate the initial stage of depression, which can provoke the development of chronic fatigue in a person. According to some experts, the lack of water in the brain tissue is a direct cause of continuous social stress, accompanied by feelings of self-doubt, fear, anxiety and other emotional problems.

The most serious symptoms of dehydration that develop if the required amount of fluid is not restored are:

• General weakness;
• Confusion of consciousness leading to fainting;
• Dullness and flabbiness of the skin;
• convulsions;
• Tachycardia.

These indicators of water deficiency, left unattended, often lead to complications such as kidney damage, shock, and even death.

Treatment for dehydration

Experts note that dehydration is easier to prevent than to treat. Therefore, regardless of the level of activity and health status, it is necessary to consume the maximum amount of fluid during the day. The risk group primarily includes young children and the elderly, especially with attacks of nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and fever.

Treatment of dehydration involves the constant use of water, but with the loss of electrolytes, it is necessary to compensate for the lack of sodium and potassium. To restore salts, there are such special formulations as glucosolan or citraglucosolan, which can be used both for prevention and for mild dehydration. It is recommended to add a little salt to drinking water during or after heavy physical exertion. However, this method is considered effective only in the case of drinking a large amount of drink during the day.

When fluid deficiency leads to a significant decrease in blood pressure, which is life threatening, solutions containing sodium chloride are administered intravenously. In addition, to treat dehydration, it is necessary to eliminate the cause that provoked it. For example, with diarrhea, in addition to restoring the right amount of water, you should take drugs that correct the stool. If the kidneys excrete a lot of water, you may need treatment with a synthetic hormone.

After eliminating the cause of dehydration, it is necessary to monitor fluid intake and prevent relapses. For this, an adult is recommended to drink at least 2-3 liters of water daily, especially in hot weather and during significant physical exertion.

Dehydration - how dangerous is it?

Water balance in the human body

Homeostasis is a complex system for maintaining the balance of biochemical processes in the body. And, first of all, it concerns ensuring the constancy of the exchange, volumes and qualitative composition of liquids. Violation of homeostasis inevitably leads to disturbances in the work of all organs and systems.

1. In the form of blood circulating in the vascular bed.

2. In the form interstitial fluid filling the intercellular space.

3. In the form intracellular fluid (cytosol) which contains all the organelles of a living cell.

The body's need for water

Causes of dehydration

Diseases associated with dehydration

• Acute pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. One of the main factors of dehydration is the loss of fluid and electrolytes with loose stools and vomit. With vomiting, there is an intense loss of digestive juice and fluid of the upper sections of the small intestine, along with ions of trace elements such as sodium, potassium and chlorine. At the same time enteral water supply is disturbed. With diarrhea, fluid loss occurs extremely quickly, since in this state the pressure of the blood plasma exceeds the pressure inside the intestines.

In infectious pathologies, dehydration develops due to fluid loss due to fever, dyspnea (shortness of breath), vomiting, and diarrhea.

Children with acute respiratory infections and pneumonia lose significant amounts of fluid through the lungs and skin. At the same time, an increase in the content of electrolytes is observed in the blood. Only water is released through breathing. Sweat has fewer electrolytes dissolved than blood, so hyperhidrosis also loses mostly water.

Drinks that cause dehydration

Dehydration as a result of medication use

Types of dehydration

• Hypertonic (water-deficient, intracellular) dehydration - develops with the loss, mainly of water (with intense diarrhea, hyperthermia, dyspnea and hyperhidrosis). This provokes an increase in the content of electrolytes in the blood plasma, especially sodium. The volume of circulating blood is replenished by moving the intercellular fluid into the bloodstream, as a result of which an increase in the osmotic pressure of this fluid is observed, for the normalization of which the cell juice flows into the intercellular space, causing cell dehydration.

Hypotonic (hypoosmotic, extracellular) dehydration - develops as a result of predominant losses of electrolytes in comparison with water losses, and is characterized by a drop in the osmotic concentration of blood (with intense vomiting that prevails over diarrhea). To normalize homeostasis, sodium electrolytes move from the interstitial space into the bloodstream, and water from the bloodstream into the interstitial space. A decrease in the osmolar concentration of the intercellular fluid leads to its movement into the cells. At the same time, potassium electrolytes leave the cells and are excreted by the body in the urine. The movement of fluid into cells causes relative intracellular hyperhydria (excessive water content in the cell).

Isotonic dehydration - develops due to a proportional loss of water and electrolytes. In this case, they evenly decrease from the bloodstream, lymph flow and tissues. Osmolarity and the level of sodium ions in the blood plasma are not disturbed.

Most doctors say that this is the most common type of dehydration. The patient's condition is usually mild or moderate, but severe forms of isotonic dehydration are also known.

Dehydration levels

II degree (medium) - loss of 6-9% of the weight;

III degree (severe) - loss of more than 9% of the weight.

• I degree of dehydration (mild) - develops in 9 out of 10 cases of acute diarrhea in a child. The defining feature is thirst, which develops already with a loss of 1.5-2% of weight. The mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes remain moist. Stool every 6 hours on average, vomiting is rare. Loss of body weight - no more than 5%.

II degree of dehydration (medium) - develops within hours (weight loss - 6-9%). The stool is mushy, with undigested food particles, frequent (6-10 times a day), frequent vomiting.

With a loss of 6-7% of body weight, there is anxiety, slight dryness of the mucous membranes, unstable pulse, slightly rapid heartbeat.

With a loss of 8-9% of the weight, the symptoms become more pronounced - dry mucous membranes, viscous saliva, decreased skin elasticity and tissue turgor, retraction of the anterior fontanelle, softening of the eyes. There is a bluish coloration of the skin, insufficient urination, signs of impaired tissue circulation.

III degree of dehydration (severe) - develops with frequent (more than 10 times a day) loose stools, incessant vomiting. Symptoms are defined by significant fluid loss (10% of weight). The most pronounced symptoms are dryness of the oral mucosa, loss of skin elasticity, lack of facial expressions, severe retraction of the anterior fontanel and eyes, lagophthalmos, desiccation of the cornea, acrocyanosis, marbled skin, a symptom of a white spot, coldness of the hands and feet, a very rapid heartbeat, lowering blood pressure , a sharp decrease in urine output, decompensated metabolic acidosis. Consciousness is confused, the reaction to stimuli is not manifested. The set of symptoms in the III degree of dehydration, in essence, corresponds to the shock that occurs due to a sharp decrease in the volume of circulating blood.

Symptoms of dehydration

The following are the main symptoms of hypertensive type of dehydration:

• thirst, dry mouth;
• prostration;
• apathy;
• excited state;
• confusion;
• spasmodic muscle contraction;
• progression of a coma;
• dry skin;
• hyperthermia;
• a decrease in the amount of urine excreted, an increase in its concentration;
• decrease in water content in the blood.

Tachycardia and rapid breathing are also possible.

The main clinical symptoms of hypotonic dehydration:

• decrease in moisture, density and elasticity of the skin and eyeballs;
• circulatory disorders;
• increased concentration of nitrogenous metabolites in the blood;
• disruption of the kidneys and brain;
• decrease in water content in the blood;
• lack of thirst, drinking can cause vomiting;
• decreased contractility of the heart, palpitations;
• dyspnea.

Isotonic dehydration is characterized by moderate symptoms of dehydration and metabolic disorders. The heart rate is increased, there is deafness of heart tones.

Dehydration in children

What does the child's body use water for?

• From the first day of life, newborns develop sweat glands. This process is especially intense in the first 2-3 months, and part of the water is excreted in the form of sweat.
• Due to the imperfection of the central nervous system and urinary system, in newborns a lot of fluid is lost during deurination, which often occurs 3-4 times per hour.
• Vomiting and diarrhea are the most common causes of dehydration in children. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the health of the baby in the summer, during the season of the epidemic of intestinal infections.
• Also, children should not be exposed to heat or direct sunlight for a long time.

Dehydration in a child as a result of a disease

How to recognize dehydration in a child

• lips, tongue, skin, eyeballs - dry;
• frequent pulse, hyperthermia;
• dry diaper - the child has not written for a long time;
• the infant's anterior fontanel sunk.

The most important sign of dehydration is the lack of urination. With a lack of water, the child's kidneys stop excreting fluid in order to prevent disruption of biochemical processes (which is extremely important in infancy).

How to prevent dehydration in a child

Effects of dehydration on various body systems

Effects of dehydration on the brain

Dehydration and blood cells

The immune system

Obesity as a result of dehydration

Diagnosis of dehydration

The most important data obtained during laboratory tests:

• the degree of thickening of the blood;
• concentration of erythrocytes per unit volume of blood;
• plasma electrolyte concentration.

Treatment for dehydration

oral rehydration

• sodium chloride - 3.5 g;
• baking soda - 2.5 g;
• potassium chloride - 1.5 g;
• dextrose - 20 g;
• boiled water - 1 l

To saturate the body with fluid to a normal level, ml of the solution is injected per 1 kg of body weight, depending on the degree of dehydration. An essential criterion that determines the required volume of saline solution is thirst.

• lightly brewed tea with lemon;
• freshly squeezed fruit and vegetable juices;
• vegetable and cereal decoctions;
• compotes;
• mineral water.

When the body is saturated with fluid, vomiting stops, urination and blood pressure normalize, and the functions of the nervous system stabilize.

In both stages of oral therapy for dehydration, the liquid is taken in small portions - 1-3 tablespoons every 5-10 minutes. The introduction of glucose-salt solutions is carried out until the loss of water stops.

Parenteral rehydration

• severe forms of dehydration (II-III degree with a weight loss of 8-10% or more) with signs of a hypovolemic crisis;
• minor results of oral therapy within 24 hours;
• incessant vomiting;
• progression of diarrheal syndrome;
• oligoanuria, which does not stop as a result of stage I of oral therapy.

20-50% of the daily dose of liquid is administered through a dropper into a central or peripheral vein. The daily dose of liquid for dehydration therapy is calculated as the sum of:

1. The body's natural need for fluid in tech. 24 hours.

2. The volume required to compensate for weight loss.

3. The volume of ongoing losses due to diarrhea, dyspnea, vomiting and hyperthermia.

• normalization of the volume of circulating blood;
• emergency treatment of impaired blood flow through the vessels;
• withdrawal from shock;
• compensation for weight loss;
• elimination of metabolic acidosis.

Stage II (after 3-4 hours)

The rate of infusion of solutions is reduced to a drop per minute. As the symptoms of dehydration decrease, the volume of infused fluid is reduced, compensating for it with an increase in the volume of oral fluid and nutrition.

n is the amount of potassium intended for administration (millimoles);

KN - the amount of potassium in the plasma is normal (millimoles per liter);

KF is the actual amount of potassium in the blood plasma (millimoles per liter);

M - body weight (kg)

• with incessant vomiting and stool - ml per 1 kg;
• with oligoanuria - 30 ml per 1 kg;
• with hyperthermia above 37 degrees and a respiratory rate of more than 10 breaths above the norm - an additional 10 ml per 1 kg.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of rehydration

• improvement of the patient's condition;
• reduction of symptoms of dehydration;
• body weight recovery;
• slowing down or stopping pathological fluid loss;
• normalization of urine output.

Therapy of dehydration in a child is considered successful if, during the first 24 hours of its implementation, the increase in body weight with mild and moderate severity of dehydration was 7-8%, and with severe dehydration - 35%. On the second and subsequent days, the weight gain should be 2-4% (g per day).

Medications for dehydration

Dehydration of the skin

What is skin dehydration?

Causes of dehydration of the skin

The following are the main causes of dehydrated skin:

• skin diseases;
• pathologies of internal organs (infectious, hormonal, gastrointestinal, diseases of the genitourinary system, etc.);
• negative influence of the environment (ultraviolet radiation, low air temperature, wind, dust, insufficient air humidity, chemical agents);
• Unbalanced diet and unhealthy lifestyle (immoderate drinking, lack of sleep, stress, deficiency of vitamins and microelements, etc.).

The main factor is the lack of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This shortage can be compensated by using cosmetics and dietary supplements, which include blackcurrant, borage, evening primrose, soybean seed oil. Another contributor to dehydration is chemical personal care products such as alcohol-based soaps and lotions, scrubs, and peels. Their excessive use causes a violation of the water balance of the skin.

Is your skin dehydrated?

How to deal with dehydrated skin?

• vitamin B 5 - moisturizes and nourishes the skin;
• vitamin E is a natural antioxidant;
• hyaluronate - aliphatic acid of plant or animal origin;
• glycerol;
• a number of natural oils (oil of jojoba, American perseus, peanut, etc.);
• acetone;
• allantoin;
• liposomes.

Now we should discuss one of the most important issues. How much fluid should you drink for dehydrated skin? Doctors recommend drinking up to two liters of fluid per day. The daily volume of water should be distributed so that two-thirds of it is consumed in the first half of the day. The last fluid intake should be no later than 1.5 hours before bedtime. Otherwise, by morning the face will become swollen. Drink slowly, in small sips.

For the entire time of bearing a baby, a woman is accompanied by various symptoms, for example, accumulation of gases, drowsiness, moodiness, increased pigmentation and cravings for salty or sweet. But thirst during pregnancy is not a sign of future motherhood, but it can be his companion. Let's find out why women in an interesting position are very thirsty.

So, why do you want to drink during pregnancy? There are two factors that increase the body's need for water during childbearing - chronic diseases and pathological conditions. In addition, banal physiological processes that occur in the body through fluid can also affect, and when carrying a child, these processes become more frequent. For example:

• a woman spends more energy, and therefore wants to drink;

• an accelerated metabolism, due to which the kidneys work in a faster mode, hence the thirst during pregnancy;
• a woman loses a lot of moisture due to an increase in amniotic fluid;
• addiction to salt, as a result of which the body tries to get rid of excess salt, which makes it difficult for the kidneys to work;
• acceleration of the hematopoietic system, as a result of which the amount of fluid in it increases;
• increased blood sugar;
• bronchial diseases;
• reduced hemoglobin.

If the appearance of thirst during pregnancy is accompanied by the formation of edema, then in no case should you limit yourself to fluid intake, since now the body needs water even more than before. You can reduce puffiness by avoiding fast carbohydrates (pastries, sweets, sugar), and instead eat proteins and foods containing protein.

With a strong thirst both day and night, consult a doctor, as this may be a signal for a disease such as preeclampsia.

What to be saved?

I constantly want to drink during pregnancy, what should I do? This question is asked by many expectant mothers. We will answer it, especially since during pregnancy you do not need to endure thirst. There are a lot of drinks that satisfy her well:

The main thing is to observe moderation: no more than two liters of fluid per day, then neither swelling nor thirst during pregnancy will bother you.

What is gout (uric acid diathesis) in parrots?

Gout, or uric acid diathesis, appears when kidney function is impaired, when uric acid accumulates in the body of a parrot in organs, tissues and blood. The kidneys in the bird's body play a crucial role, because when their function is impaired, the concentration of uric acid rises, and it is deposited wherever blood circulation occurs in the form of calcium and sodium crystals. These crystals can cause blockage of the ureters and cloaca, resulting in retention of urine, which in turn, as one option, causes urea poisoning. In this case, fatal outcomes are also possible.

Symptoms of gout (uric acid diathesis) in parrots

Most often, the disease is almost asymptomatic.

Nodules appear around the joints, which swell and cause severe pain to the bird. The parrot gets tired quickly, does not hold well on the perch, can peck at the cloaca and pluck feathers.

A characteristic feature of gout is the alternation of opposite states: lethargy and cheerfulness, lack of appetite and its excessive manifestation, in any state the bird is constantly thirsty and drinks a lot.

There are articular and visceral forms of gout (uric acid diathesis) in parrots.

Articular is easier to diagnose than visceral, flowing with specific signs. In the articular form, the joints swell, the temperature rises locally, the movements of the parrot are constrained.

With the visceral form of gout, salts are deposited on the surface of the internal organs in the form of a thin coating of deposits, as well as in the thickness of the organs in the form of white foci. A white mucous mass appears in the ureters, and stones form from salts.

The diagnosis can be made by X-ray examination. The pictures usually clearly show salt deposits in the bird's kidneys.

How does gout (uric acid diathesis) occur in parrots?

The disease can be divided into several stages:

1. Asymptomatic increase in the content of uric acid in the blood.
2. Acute gouty inflammation of the joints.
3. remission stage. It can last quite a long time, even up to several years.
4. Chronic deposits in the joints.

Why does gout (uric acid diathesis) occur in parrots?

Let's look at why gout occurs in parrots.

The most common cause is the wrong diet in poultry (an excess of protein and a lack of vitamin A).

Also, infections and the use of antibiotics can cause kidney problems and, as a result, lead to gout.

How to treat gout (uric acid diathesis) in parrots?

Unfortunately, medical treatment is practically non-existent.

To alleviate the condition, the parrot is prescribed a protein-free diet. The diet includes greens (alfalfa, clover), cornmeal, cherries, sweet cherries, and vitamin A.

Sucrose is added to the water, which enhances the excretion of water by the kidneys and prevents uric acid salts from being deposited in the future.

Nodules must be opened surgically, this will bring immediate relief to the bird, however, new nodules may reappear.

For a sick bird, you need to equip a cage so that the parrot experiences less pain. Use thick or flat perches that need to be wrapped in a soft cloth, water and food should be within easy reach.

Remember that the disease is easier to prevent than to cure! Do not feed the bird unsuitable food, use only special balanced feeds.

1. Thirst - a consequence of dehydration

It occurs after a serious physical exertion on the body, as well as due to a disorder of the digestive process. It can also be observed with severe bleeding. Heat can also cause intense thirst. Do not forget that drinking coffee, strong tea, alcoholic beverages and cigarettes can also lead to dehydration, especially on hot days.

How to deal with dehydration? The simplest and most effective way to overcome this unpleasant condition is to give up hard and alcoholic drinks and consume plenty of fluids. Not sweet carbonated drinks, but water, you can water with lemon, fruit drinks from berries, compotes, weak tea are just as good. This will help you restore the water-salt balance.

See also: How to save water in the apartment? Proven and most effective methods

2. Thirst due to diabetes

A strong constant feeling of thirst is an alarming bell, since this condition can be a symptom of such a serious disease as diabetes. In the presence of this disease, a person will not be able to overcome thirst due to abundant drinking, since the liquid does not linger in the body and the person is forced to visit the restroom frequently. In addition to intense thirst, diabetics suffer from dizziness.

Another alarming symptom that indicates the presence of diabetes is sudden weight loss or weight gain. If you observe all of the above symptoms, be sure to see your doctor.

3. Thirst is a symptom of parathyroid disease

Constant thirst is observed in people suffering from hyperparathyroidism. In addition to feeling thirsty, a person suffering from such a disease also has other unpleasant symptoms: bone pain, muscle weakness, memory impairment, renal colic, and fatigue. If you notice these symptoms in yourself, then hurry to see an endocrinologist.

4. Thirst due to medication

We may suffer from thirst when we are sick and take medication. Some medications, such as antibiotics or diuretics, can cause a patient to retain fluid in the body.

Therefore, taking certain medications is accompanied by an unpleasant sensation of dry mouth. What to do? It is urgent to contact your doctor and tell him about the unpleasant side effects so that he can adjust the treatment.

Symptoms of xerostomia

• dryness in the throat and mouth as a result of insufficient salivation;
• difficulty swallowing;
• slurred speech;
• the appearance of erosions, cracks, wounds in the corners of the lips, as well as on the mucous membrane (accompanied by severe discomfort, burning, pain);
• constant desire to drink;
• dry tongue, turning bright red;
• distortion of taste, the feeling that some kind of extraneous taste is always present;
• smell from the mouth;
• hoarse voice;
• sore throat.

Note! If dry mouth is observed for a long time, the risk of developing periodontal disease, fungal infections in the oral cavity, and the reproduction of pathogens increases. The body becomes more susceptible to viral diseases, including tonsillitis, tonsillitis and stomatitis.

Reasons for sometimes dry mouth and throat

There are a lot of factors that provoke the drying of the mucous membranes of the larynx and oral cavity. The exact cause of the disease can be identified by the nature of xerostomia. Each of the types can be triggered by various disorders in the body.

Photo 2: Dry mouth can occur intermittently or disturb constantly, appear at night or in the morning. Source: flickr (albori2003).

Dry mouth in the morning

In the morning, a feeling of dry mouth can be caused by:

• taking certain medications,
• smoking;
• increased ambient air temperature;
• eating fatty, spicy or salty foods;
• dry mouth in the morning as a result of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (hangover);
• low-quality oral care products (toothpastes, rinses, etc.) or their improper use;
• insufficient amount of vitamins of group A in the body, which causes blockage of the salivary glands;
• lack of potassium;
• too much magnesium.

Dry mouth at night

• forced mouth breathing (with allergies, colds, etc.);
• snoring, which leads to dryness in the throat;
• too dry air in the bedroom;
• diabetes mellitus, in which sleep disturbance is almost always observed;
• itchy skin rashes that keep you awake.

Dry mouth and thirst

• Often, the oral cavity dries up in females due to changes in the functioning of hormones, for example, during menopause or during pregnancy.
• Diabetes. In this case, it dries out due to an increase in glucose levels, as a result, there is a need to drink more fluid.
• Dryness and intense thirst are provoked by severe vomiting, diarrhea, severe sweating, diuretics, insufficient water intake during the day.

Dry mouth and frequent urination

This is one of the symptoms of diabetic disease. In addition to thirst, there is an inhibition of the functioning of almost all body systems, including the salivary glands. Frequent urination also leads to dry mouth in the presence of chronic kidney disease.

Dry mouth, nausea, headache

The cause of nausea against the background of dry mouth may be the result of a disease of the endocrine system. The probability is especially high if there is irritability, a feeling of causeless fear, a person sweats a lot and profusely, he is worried about trembling and loss of appetite.

If, in addition to dryness and nausea, heartburn is present, and the tongue is lined, this may be the cause of a disease of the gastrointestinal tract.

Headache and dryness can be caused by hypotension, when weakness, increased drowsiness and frequent dizziness are noted along with dryness.

Coating of the tongue and feeling of dryness

Often, dryness is also accompanied by heartburn and nausea, and a dense coating appears on the tongue. May be disturbed by the taste of bitterness. All this speaks of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Other causes of dry mouth

• Systemic diseases (Parkinson, Sjogren, Alzheimer, HIV, arthritis, scleroderma).
• Innervation. As a result of problems with the nerve endings in the cervical spine and head, the salivary glands begin to work incorrectly, which causes xerostomia.
• Stress, depression. With psychological and nervous disorders, a person is always in tension, which can dry out the mouth. These symptoms do not disappear on their own and quickly, so seeing a doctor in this case is a prerequisite.
• Low blood pressure - provokes the drying of the mucous membranes of the mouth.
• Abnormal enlargement of the lymph nodes. If the lymph nodes behind the ears or under the lower jaw are affected, salivation is often disturbed. These are signs of oncological pathology, therefore it is necessary to visit a doctor urgently!
• Various infectious diseases, as a result of which dehydration of the body can be observed.

This is interesting! The daily rate of saliva production by the body is 1.5 liters. Its main purpose is to protect the mucous membranes from drying out, as well as from the appearance of caries on the teeth. With the help of saliva, food residues are washed away, acids are neutralized, chewing and swallowing of food is facilitated, and the risk of reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms is reduced. Saliva contains a special enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates in the process of eating food.

What to do if you feel dry mouth

When the first signs of xerostomia appear, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of the disease. If the disease is chronic, it is necessary to undergo a complete medical examination. To eliminate the symptom and treat the disease that caused it, homeopathy is very effective.

Homeopathic treatment of dry mouth and its manifestations

More and more often, many patients resort to homeopathic treatment of various ailments. Popularity is caused by many justified factors.

Firstly, the principle of homeopathy is aimed at eliminating the root cause of any disease, and not at the temporary elimination of symptoms.

Secondly, homeopathic medicines have practically no side effects, they are prescribed even for babies.

If we talk about the homeopathic treatment of xerostomia, then in most cases homeopaths prescribe such medicines:

1. Aconitum (Aconitum) - prescribed for dryness, accompanied by a thick yellowish-white coating on the tongue;
2. Aesculus (Aesculus) - too sensitive mucous membrane, burning sensation, dries in the mouth;
3. Alumina (Alumina) - dryness in the morning, putrid smell and oral cavity;
4. Anacardium (Anacardium) - bitterness, parched throat;
5. Arnica (Arnica) - parched mouth, intense thirst;
6. Arsenicum album (Arsenicum album) - prescribed for "baked" lips;
7. Belladonna (Belladonna) - shown with a burning tongue, as well as with a dry mouth, but without a feeling of thirst;
8. Cannabis sativa (Cannabis sativa) - indicated for patients who have a feeling of sticky lips;
9. Carboneum sulphuratum (Carboneum sulphuratum) - helps with unquenchable thirst;
10. Hina (China) - saves from the formation of thick and viscous saliva and a thick grayish coating;
11. Coca (Coca) - morning dryness;
12. Echinacea (Echinacea) - dryness in the larynx, when taking medicines, it burns the mucous membrane very much;
13. Ferrum muriaticum (Ferrum muriaticum) - dries the mouth, while there is no taste of food;
14. Hyoscyamus - salty saliva, feeling of dryness.

It is worth noting that self-administration of homeopathic medicines is permissible only in isolated cases of symptoms of xerostomia as an emergency. If the disease occurs frequently or is constantly bothering, it is necessary to make an appointment with a homeopath, who will prescribe an appropriate examination, identify the cause of the disease and prescribe a course of therapy.

Dry mouth is a symptom that indicates a wide variety of diseases, accompanied by a decrease in the amount of saliva. This condition is known in medical circles as xerostomia.

Dry mouth is divided into two types:

1. Objective.
2. Subjective.

Objective dryness is always accompanied by a disruption in the production of saliva, while subjective dryness is not associated with any concomitant changes in the functioning of the salivary glands. As a rule, this condition manifests itself in a person in the desire to drink water. If the cause was the most ordinary thirst, then to eliminate this sensation, it is enough just to replenish the fluid lost by the body. But if dry mouth recurs regularly or never disappears, it's time to think about looking for one or more diseases for which this condition is a symptom.

Within just one day, the salivary glands of a healthy person secrete about two liters of saliva. It consists of mineral salts, water, mucus, lysozyme and enzymes, whose task is to digest carbohydrates.

If the human body secretes an insufficient amount of saliva, dry mouth occurs, which, in turn, is accompanied by a number of additional symptoms:

• hoarseness of voice;
• increased viscosity of salivary secretions;
• bad breath;
• the need to drink;
• desire to rinse your mouth;
• problems in speaking, chewing, and swallowing;
• decreased sense of taste;
• cracked lips;
• pain in the mouth.

If dry mouth persists for a sufficiently long period of time, it can lead to the following consequences:

• periodontal disease;
• stomatitis;
• dyspeptic phenomena;
• violation of the microflora of the oral cavity caused by a lack of lysozyme;
• the development of caries, which progresses very rapidly;
• biting the mucous membrane of the mouth during the process of chewing food.

Causes of dry mouth

Doctors divide dry mouth into three types, depending on the time of its manifestation:

• at night;
• in the morning;
• constant;
• periodic;
• during pregnancy.

Dry mouth at night

If dry mouth in a person occurs at night, first of all, it may indicate that he sleeps with his mouth open. The fact is that breathing through the mouth leads to the drying of the mucous membrane, while the salivary glands are unable to produce such a huge amount of saliva.

Breathing through the mouth, as a rule, indicates some diseases of the nose, in which breathing through it is either very difficult or impossible at all. For example:

• rhinitis;
• allergic rhinitis;
• adenoids;
• sinusitis;
• deviated septum, etc.

But, besides this, a feeling of dry mouth can occur if you eat a lot of sweets, salty and fatty foods before going to bed, or drink strong tea. As a result of the use of salty and fatty foods, there is an accumulation of salt in the human body, for the withdrawal of which it needs a lot of fluid.

Dry mouth at night can also be caused by:

• too dry indoor air. In this case, it is best to humidify the air by some accessible method, since otherwise this problem will never be solved;
• kidney disease;
• endocrine diseases.

Dry mouth in the morning

The most common causes of this discomfort in the morning are:

• taking certain medications, the side effects of which include the appearance of dry mouth in the morning;
• intoxication of the body caused by excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages the day before or exposure to certain toxic substances;
• type 2 diabetes can also cause dry mouth in the morning. Usually this phenomenon is accompanied by increased viscosity of saliva.

Persistent dry mouth

The older a person is, the more likely it is that his perception of thirst will change somewhat, and therefore dry mouth will accompany him constantly. This phenomenon is caused by a deterioration in the work of the salivary glands, as a result of which the amount of saliva produced by them is sharply reduced.

Do not forget about smokers, as most of them feel constant dry mouth. This phenomenon is caused by the ability of nicotine to interfere with normal blood circulation in the oral mucosa. As a result, this fact leads to a decrease in the productivity of the salivary glands. And the tars that are contained in cigarettes have a negative effect on the process of salivation.

However, if a person began to be accompanied by constant dry mouth, this symptom should not be ignored, since it may indicate the occurrence of quite serious diseases. The most common of these are:

• hypotension;
• diabetes;
• rheumatoid arthritis;
• HIV infection;
• stroke;
• anemia;
• Parkinson's disease;
• Sjögren's syndrome;
• Alzheimer's disease.

If constant dry mouth is accompanied by symptoms such as frequent urination, increased thirst, insomnia, rapid weight gain, or, conversely, weight loss, this may indicate diabetes.

Among other things, dry mouth is also explained by trauma to the salivary glands. Most often, such problems arise as a result of poor-quality dental intervention, head injuries or violations of the integrity of the facial nerves.

Remember that a violation of the function of the salivary glands, as a result of which a person has dry mouth, can be not only a symptom of a disease, but also the cause of its occurrence. For example, due to the constant lack of moisture in the mouth of a person, the functioning of the mucous membrane is disrupted, and therefore the path for various kinds of infections into the body becomes open. As a result of this phenomenon, the risk of gum disease, stomatitis, caries and even chronic tonsillitis also increases.

Intermittent dry mouth

Dry mouth may occur intermittently. Most often this happens when the body is exposed to intoxication due to various kinds of viral and infectious diseases. However, not all diseases affect the performance of the salivary glands. This usually happens when a virus or bacteria has a direct effect on the circulatory system (for example, mumps).

Dry mouth can occur as a result of the following factors:

• dehydration of the body, resulting from various kinds of diseases that cause blood loss, fever, chills and increased sweating. As a result of these processes, the mucous membranes, not only in the mouth, but also in other places where they are, simply dry out;
• stress and excitement;
• taking certain medications;
• chemotherapy and radiation, which are used to treat various types of cancer;
• the beginning of the climax.

Dry mouth during pregnancy

If a woman consumes normal amounts of fluid during pregnancy, then most likely she will not experience dry mouth. This is because during this period the amount of saliva produced by the body increases significantly.

In the vast majority of cases, dry mouth in a pregnant woman indicates dehydration of her body. The reason for this may be the fetus, which, in the process of its growth, puts pressure on the bladder of the expectant mother, forcing her to go to the toilet much more often. This, in turn, leads to fluid loss and, as a result, to the need to replenish it, and as soon as possible. If this is not done, dry mouth during pregnancy will be provided.

It also happens that this unpleasant sensation during pregnancy occurs only in the early stages and is the result of severe toxicosis, accompanied by vomiting and / or diarrhea. In this case, the pregnant woman will have to slightly change her own gastronomic preferences and give up salty, fatty and sweet foods for a while.

Do not forget that in the summer, a pregnant woman sweats much more, which means that her body loses fluid, which should be replenished immediately.

But if, in addition to dryness, a metallic sour taste is also observed in the pregnant woman's mouth, one should be seriously wary. The fact is that a similar symptom may be a consequence of gestational diabetes. In this case, a woman needs to urgently contact an endocrinologist who will prescribe an examination, including an analysis to determine the level of glucose in the blood, as well as glucose tolerance.

Thus, it became clear that dry mouth can be of different types, each of which indicates either an insufficient amount of fluid in the human body, or rather serious diseases.

The appearance of the tongue plays an important role in the diagnosis of diseases. Often the first symptoms of pathology are dry mouth and the appearance of raids of various shades. Dryness of the tongue is a feeling familiar to many. It may be episodic or permanent. In the second case, dryness becomes an alarm signal indicating a malfunction in the body. So let's look at why dry mouth appears.

Causes of dry tongue and mouth

Temporary feeling of thirst

Drying of the mucosa has many causes, including those not associated with pathological processes.

Overgrowth of lymphoid tissue in the adenoids, which is common in childhood, or a deviated septum, a problem in the adult population, can lead to predominance of mouth breathing, especially at night. In this case, a person feels dryness, a feeling of a "swollen" tongue in the morning. During the day, the state is not disturbed in any way.

The mucosa can dry out in response to the use of certain medications: sedatives, antidepressants, antiallergics, analgesics. The effect of dryness occurs with prolonged use or abuse of medications.

Many medications cause dry mouth

Increased thirst is caused by most antibiotics and antifungal drugs, drugs to reduce pressure.

Moderate but constant dryness of the oral mucosa can be observed with hormonal changes in women during pregnancy and menopause. This is due to the fact that secretory functions (including saliva production) are regulated by hormones. In old age, dryness is a frequent manifestation.

Drinking enough water in old age is essential

Smoking is a bad habit that leads to a gradual decrease in the work of the salivary glands, the formation of a chronic inflammatory process in the bronchi, which in combination leads to dryness of the oral mucosa, and the tongue becomes covered with a yellow coating.

Smoker's tongue dry and with an unpleasant coating

Infectious diseases

Viral infection, high temperature, intoxication of the body are manifested by a feeling of thirst and increased dryness in the mouth.

• Diseases such as a runny nose, all types of sinusitis, adenoiditis, provoke the development of oral breathing, which invariably leads to increased dryness of the mucous membrane, a burning sensation in the mouth, and a desire to drink.
• A rotovirus infection that affects the intestines causes dehydration of the body, where a dry muscular organ is one of the manifestations of the disease. In addition, there are dyspeptic disorders, fever, weakness, severe fatigue.
• Bacterial lesions of the throat and oral cavity: pharyngitis, tonsillitis, glossitis, stomatitis, are also accompanied by a feeling of drying out of the mucous membrane. But to this symptom, specific signs are added that are characteristic of each disease separately: high fever, pain when swallowing and talking, swelling of the mucous membrane, cough, dirty white coating on the tongue and tonsils.

Inflammation of the throat - the cause of thirst

• Fungal inflammation occurs with blurred symptoms, without obvious signs of the disease. The main indicator of a fungal infection is a dense white coating on the tongue, dryness, itching, the appearance of small cracks, hyperemia of adjacent tissues.

Dryness as a sign of diseases of the abdominal organs

The condition of the tongue is invariably associated with the health of the digestive tract. With any deviations in the system, the language is the first to respond to changes. What can the appearance of the organ of taste in combination with other signs indicate.

Cause of night dryness - snoring

Acute gastritis is manifested by severe pain in the epigastrium, so symptoms such as dry mouth, nausea, increased sweating are secondary. In chronic gastritis, the signs of which are not so obvious, the appearance of the tongue matters. There is a persistent gray-white coating along the midline, with the tip of the tongue and lateral surfaces remaining clean.

Dryness is not strong, but constant, periodically there is heartburn. In the epigastrium, discomfort, heaviness is felt.

Dry and chapped lips due to stomach problems

The combination of dryness with burning and the appearance of bitterness that changes the taste of food indicates problems with the liver or gallbladder. The appearance of congestion in the biliary tract is determined by the appearance of plaque on the tongue of a yellowish or greenish hue.

Chronic pancreatitis, unlike acute pancreatitis, proceeds in a latent form. Its first signs are: dryness of the oral mucosa, the occurrence of cracks, systematically occurring bloating. Similar sensations arise with the abuse of fatty, fried, spicy foods, alcohol.

Intestinal diseases are similar in symptoms to the manifestations of chronic pancreatitis, but differ in the appearance of a yellow coating closer to the root of the tongue. In all cases of poisoning, the taste organ is the first to react with a change in the state of the mucosa, dryness, burning, scattered white plaque appears.

The feeling of thirst is enhanced by the appearance of dyspeptic disorders (vomiting, diarrhea), causing dehydration. There are pains in the abdomen of a spastic nature.

Other reasons

In addition to the reasons described above, there are many unrelated factors that cause a decrease in saliva production and the appearance of a feeling of dryness:

1. Failure of the endocrine system, resulting in thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus. It is manifested by a periodic feeling of thirst, dryness of the mucous membrane, the surface of the tongue is compared with "sandpaper". There are attacks of nausea, severe sweating, weakness in the limbs, a feeling of anxiety and irritability. Increased urination and frequent constipation.
2. Dryness of the mucosa, combined with weakness, mild headaches, noise and pressure in the ears, increased fatigue, speak of hypotension - low blood pressure. In this case, dryness is not accompanied by plaque on the tongue or the formation of microcracks.
3. It can dry the oral mucosa with a lack of vitamins of groups A, B, the development of iron deficiency anemia. In addition, there is pallor of the mucous membranes and skin, weakness, drowsiness, dizziness.
4. Reduced saliva production, problems with digestion of food, lack of appetite occur with nervous disorders that become chronic.
5. Dry tongue with normal salivation can be an indirect sign of abnormalities in the work of the heart and blood vessels.

As you can see, there are a lot of reasons for the occurrence of dry mouth and they are associated with problems in various areas of the body. Before proceeding with treatment, it is necessary to carefully analyze the accompanying symptoms, pay attention to the lifestyle and hereditary factor.

intense thirst

The desire to drink water is considered the body's response to a lack of fluid. Polydipsia is quite understandable after increased physical exertion, in a hot climate, after eating spicy or salty foods. Since all of the above factors reduce the supply of fluid in the body. But there are times when you want to drink all the time, regardless of the amount you drink.

Strong thirst is a symptom indicating a lack of water in the body. Consider the main causes, methods of diagnosis, treatment and options for preventing the disorder.

When the water level drops, the body takes moisture from the saliva, which makes it viscous, and the mucous membrane of the oral cavity dry. Due to dehydration, the skin loses elasticity, headaches and dizziness appear, facial features are sharpened. This happens in some diseases and pathological conditions of the body. In this case, to establish the real cause of the ailment, a medical consultation and a number of diagnostic procedures are required.

Causes of intense thirst

There are many reasons for the increased need for fluid, consider the most common:

• Dehydration - occurs with intense physical exertion, with bleeding or diarrhea, as well as in hot climates. Alcohol and coffee contribute to malaise. To eliminate the restoration of water-salt balance, it is recommended to drink more water.
• Evaporation of water with sweat - increased air temperature and physical activity cause sweating, after which you want to drink. This reaction of the body is considered normal. Concerns should be caused by excessive sweating, which may indicate diseases of the nervous system, elevated body temperature, inflammatory processes, diseases of the lungs, heart, kidneys or immune system. This condition requires medical diagnosis, as it can lead to serious consequences.
• Dry air - the body loses moisture in very dry air. This happens in air-conditioned rooms. To normalize humidity, you need to drink more water and start plants that raise humidity.
• Soft water - if the water contains insufficient mineral salts, this causes a constant desire to drink. The thing is that mineral salts contribute to the absorption and retention of water in the body. It is recommended to drink mineral water of the sodium chloride group with a low salt content or bottled water with a normalized content of minerals.
• Hard water - the excess of mineral salts also negatively affects the body, as well as their lack. If they are in excess, they attract water and make it difficult for cells to absorb it.
• Spicy or salty foods - such foods irritate the mouth and throat, and the desire to drink occurs reflexively. It is recommended to give up such food for a while, if the ailments have passed, then you can not worry and return to your usual diet.
• Diuretic foods - these foods remove water from the body, which causes dehydration and a desire to drink. Give up such food for a while, if everything is normal, then there are no health problems. But if polydipsia remains, then you should seek medical help.
• Diabetes mellitus - the desire to drink and dry mouth remain after heavy drinking and are accompanied by frequent urge to urinate. In addition, dizziness, headaches, sudden weight gains are possible. With such symptoms, it is necessary to take a blood sugar test.
• Drinking alcohol – Alcoholic beverages suck water out of the tissues of the body, creating dehydration.
• Parathyroid dysfunction - hyperparathyroidism is accompanied by a constant desire to drink. This is due to a violation of the regulation of calcium levels in the body by the secretion of parathyroid hormone. The patient complains of muscle weakness, bone pain, renal colic, memory loss and fatigue. With such symptoms, it is necessary to visit an endocrinologist and pass a series of tests.
• Medications - antibiotics, antihistamines, diuretics, antihypertensives and expectorants cause dry mouth. To prevent this problem, it is recommended to consult a doctor and choose another medication.
• Kidney disease - due to the inflammatory process, the kidneys do not retain fluid, causing a need for water. At the same time, problems with urination and swelling are observed. To eliminate the disease, you need to contact a nephrologist, pass urine for analysis and undergo an ultrasound scan.
• Liver diseases - in addition to fluid deficiency, nausea, yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, pain in the right hypochondrium, frequent nosebleeds appear. With such symptoms, it is worth contacting a therapist and undergoing a liver exam for pathologies.
• Injuries - very often traumatic injuries to the head cause intense thirst. For treatment, you need to contact a neurologist, since cerebral edema is possible without medical intervention.

Strong thirst in a child

Enhanced polydipsia is typical for patients of the pediatric age category. Many parents do not monitor the water balance of the child's body. So, if the baby is outside for a long time or under the scorching sun, then this can cause not only dehydration, but also heat stroke. Thirst in children has both physiological causes that arise due to the use of salty, spicy and sweet foods, as well as pathological, that is, caused by certain diseases.

Treatment depends on what the underlying cause is. The symptom cannot be ignored and it is recommended to take the child to the pediatrician as soon as possible. The doctor will conduct a comprehensive examination and help get rid of the ailment.

Intense thirst during pregnancy

Pregnancy is a difficult period for every woman, as it is characterized by an increased load on the body. During gestation, the expectant mother very often suffers from dehydration. The human body is 80% water. Water is present in all cells and is the key to the normal functioning of the body. Fluid deficiency slows down metabolic processes and pathologically affects both the mother's body and the development of the fetus.

• In the early stages of pregnancy, the fetus begins to form and its body does not fully function. This applies to the organs responsible for the neutralization of toxins and the removal of toxins. Therefore, a woman feels the need for a large amount of fluid necessary for their excretion.
• Water is needed to form the amniotic fluid in which the baby develops. With each week, its volume increases, which means that thirst increases.
• Another reason for the increased need for water is the restructuring of the circulatory system, which is completed by 20 weeks of gestation. Due to the lack of fluid, the blood becomes too thick. This is a threat, both for the expectant mother and for the child, as they can form intravascular blood clots, ischemic damage and other pathologies.
• Change in taste preferences - during pregnancy, a woman is drawn to food experiments. Excessive consumption of sweet, spicy, salty and fatty foods requires additional fluids for digestion and excretion of increased amounts of salt from the body.

In some cases, doctors restrict pregnant women from drinking water. This is due to poor urine tests, swelling, polyhydramnios. Increased accumulation of water can cause preeclampsia and premature birth. If dehydration is accompanied by dryness in the mouth, then this may indicate the development of serious diseases. Sometimes expectant mothers are diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus, which is detected in urine and blood tests. In this case, a woman is prescribed a special diet to normalize blood sugar. Viral diseases, microbial infections, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract are also accompanied by polydipsia.

Treating severe thirst

Treatment for dehydration depends on the underlying condition. All efforts are aimed at restoring the water-salt balance. It is not recommended to limit drinking. Consider the main recommendations aimed at eliminating ailments:

• To prevent the increased need for water from often making itself felt, drink ½ cup of pure water every hour. Drink at least 8 glasses or 2 liters of water per day.
• Pay attention to your urination. In order for the body not to suffer from dehydration, it is necessary to drink such an amount of liquid that the urine will not be dark or too light in color. An indicator of the normal fluid content in the body is urine of a moderately yellow color without a pungent odor.

Prevention of increased fluid intake involves the elimination of factors that cause the disorder. The main task of preventing an ailment is to establish the cause that provokes it.

• Give up bad habits - smoking, drinking alcohol, fatty, salty and spicy foods. Coffee and various snacks also make you want to drink water.
• Control the amount of fluid you drink per day. Regardless of the diet, you need to drink at least two liters of purified water.
• Pay attention to the air quality in the room where you work and live. The thing is that dry air provokes thirst. You can use various humidifiers or have indoor plants.

Forecast

The prognosis of an increased need for fluid depends on the reasons that caused it. If malaise is one of the symptoms of diabetes, then the patient is waiting for treatment throughout his life. More precisely, therapy aimed at maintaining normal levels of sugar and glucose in the blood. If the disorder appeared due to kidney or heart disease, then it is enough to eliminate the root cause and the thirst will pass.

Strong thirst caused by psychological factors requires the help of a psychologist or neurologist. If the factors provoking the disease are eliminated, then the prognosis is positive. A constant lack of fluid is not the cause, but the result of some more serious disease, so this symptom cannot be ignored.

The most common causes of excessive thirst are: heavy sweating during heat, during physical exertion, bronchitis, dehydration with diarrhea, elevated body temperature. Constant thirst occurs with a water-electrolyte imbalance. In the body, salts and liquid clearly interact. The main ions that can determine the level of salt in the blood plasma are potassium and sodium. As for the negatively charged ions - anions that determine the saline composition of the tissue fluid, they include chlorides. The water-salt balance in the body ensures the vital activity of cells and determines the osmotic pressure in the tissues. If the water-electrolyte balance in the tissues is disturbed, constant thirst appears. What can provoke such manifestations and the occurrence of dry mouth and desire to drink?

The main symptoms of diseases

As a rule, most diseases develop very rapidly and in most cases lead to death. Changes in habitual behavior are the first sign that chickens are starting to get sick. The most common symptoms include:

• Drowsy and lethargic state;
• The bird's eyes are closed most of the time;
• Sedentary lifestyle;
• Apathy, abruptly replaced by an excited and restless state;
• Decreased appetite or even refusal to eat;
• Heavy breathing and wheezing;
• Inflammation of the eyelids, mucus near the eyes;
• Loss of plumage, disheveled, unkempt appearance;
• Liquid droppings;
• Mucus expelled from the nasal passages.

Important! In no case should you leave such symptoms unattended!

Diseases of domestic chickens have many varieties. Even if you keep a small livestock, you should always be prepared for these kinds of problems. The most common diseases are divided into:

It should be remembered that it is better to prevent diseases in laying hens, because for some diseases there are no drugs and the only way out in this case is to destroy the bird. Therefore, it is always necessary to monitor the conditions of detention and the diet of laying hens.

What measures to take to prevent infectious diseases

Many contagious diseases in laying hens can lead to sad consequences. It is important to prevent their occurrence in time by taking a number of preventive measures.

• Juveniles are best kept separate from adults;
• A sick individual is immediately isolated from the main herd;
• If a bird is struck by an incurable disease, then it is not worth the risk - it is better to immediately destroy it by burning, since some diseases of chickens are dangerous to humans and are transmitted through meat;
• To keep laying hens, you should use a clean, dry room, regularly disinfect and clean it, including inventory;
• The diet should consist of feed containing the required amount of minerals and vitamins.

They live in walls, nests, perches. They are activated at night - they attack chickens and drink blood. After saturation, they go to rest until the next night. Bedbugs are not afraid of frosts down to -10 degrees, and they can easily live up to a year and a half without food.

Downy eaters

Ash helps to fight down-eaters, for this you need to put a container with ash in the chicken coop or on the paddock, where the bird can swim. We hope that this information will be useful to you, and you will be able to grow healthy laying hens that will delight you with high egg production.