Battery capacity- this is a technical characteristic showing the period of time during which the battery will supply power to the load connected to it. The unit of measure for battery capacity is ampere-hour, if the battery is small, then milliamp-hour. The battery capacity is determined by the formula, which is the product of the direct current of the battery discharge (in amperes or milliamps) and the time it is charged (in hours):

E [A * hour] = I [A] x T [hour]

What is the capacity of the battery.

What is the battery capacity- this is a concept that makes it clear how long the battery can power the load connected to it. Battery energy (which can be stored in a fully charged battery) is not fully characterized by Battery capacity. Therefore, the higher the voltage of the battery, the more energy stored in it will be. Electrical energy is equal to the product of voltage and current and the time of current flow:

[J]= I [A] x U [V] x T [s]

And the energy of the battery for the UPS is equal to the product of the battery capacity and its rated voltage:

W [W*h]= E [A*h] x U [V]

This indicator indicates the capabilities of this battery. Often Battery capacity confused with its charge (charge). The capacity shows only the potential of the battery, that is, the time that it is able to supply the load when it is fully charged.

An example is a glass of water. Depending on whether the glass is full or empty, its capacity (volume) does not change. The situation is similar with the battery - the capacity is the same both in the charged and in the discharged state of the battery.

Energy capacity of the battery[W/cell] is a characteristic of a battery that indicates its ability to be discharged in constant power mode in a certain short period of time (usually 15 minutes). For battery capacity measurements in ampere-hours, according to its energy in W / el (15 min), there is a formula:

E [A * h] \u003d W [W / el] / 4

Reserve battery capacity is a characteristic of a car battery that measures its ability to power the electrical system of a moving vehicle when the vehicle's alternator is not running. The unit of measurement is minutes of battery charge with a current of 25 A. Battery capacity(ampere-hour) by its reserve capacity (minutes) can be approximately estimated by the formula:

E [A*h] = T [min] / 2

The values ​​on which the battery capacity depends:

1. Charge current.

Manufacturers usually designate the nominal capacity of a lead battery for long discharges (10,20, 100 hours). With such discharges, the battery capacity is indicated: C10, C20 and C100. The current flowing through the load, for example, with a 20-hour charge - I20 can be calculated by the formula:

I20 [A] = E20 [A*h] / 20[h]

2. Battery wear

On delivery lead battery capacity may be slightly less or more than its rated capacity. When performing several discharge-charge cycles or after several weeks of being in a buffer (under a "floating" charge), the battery capacity will increase. However, further operation or storage of the battery leads to a drop in battery capacity, and the battery itself ages, wears out, and therefore the battery will need to be replaced with a new one.

This process is most often performed by the control discharge method. First, it is charged, and then it is discharged with a direct current, while recording the time to the final discharge voltage. Then, according to the formula, the residual capacity of the battery is determined:

E [A * hour] \u003d I [A] * T [hour]

Ampere hours in a battery: what is it?

The battery life of a mobile phone, a portable tool, or the ability to give current to a starter when starting a car engine - all this depends on such a characteristic of the battery as capacity. It is measured in ampere hours or milliamp hours. By the size of the capacity, one can judge how long the battery will supply electrical energy to a particular device. It depends on it, like the discharge and charge time of the battery. When choosing a battery for a particular device, it is useful to know what this value in ampere-hours means. Therefore, today's material will be devoted to such a characteristic as capacity and its dimensions in ampere-hours.

In general, the ampere-hour is a non-systemic unit of electrical charge. Its main use is to express the capacity of batteries.

One ampere-hour is the electric charge passing through the cross-section of the conductor in 1 hour when a current of 1 ampere is passed. You can find values ​​in milliamp-hours.

As a rule, this designation is used to indicate the capacity of batteries in phones, tablets and other mobile gadgets. Let's see what ampere-hour means with real examples.

In the photo above you can see the designation of the capacity in ampere-hours. This is a 62 Ah car battery. What does this tell us? From this value, we can find out the current strength with which the battery can be uniformly discharged to the final voltage. For a car battery, the end voltage is 10.8 volts. Standard discharge cycles typically last 10 or 20 hours.

Based on the foregoing, 62 Ah tells us that this battery is capable of delivering a current of 3.1 amperes for 20 hours. In this case, the voltage at the battery terminals will not drop below 10.8 volts.

In the photo above, the capacity of the laptop battery is underlined in red - 4.3 ampere-hours. Although at such values ​​\u200b\u200bthe value is usually expressed as 4300 milliamp-hours (mAh).

It should also be added that the system unit of electric charge is the pendant. The pendant is related to ampere-hours in the following way. One coulomb per second is equal to 1 ampere. Therefore, if we convert seconds into hours, it turns out that 1 ampere-hour is equal to 3600 coulombs.

How are battery capacity (ampere-hours) and its energy (watt-hours) related?

Many manufacturers on their batteries do not list the capacity in amp-hours, but instead put the value of the stored energy in watt-hours. Such an example is shown in the photo below. This is the battery of the Samsung Galaxy Nexus smartphone.

I apologize for the photo with small print. The stored energy is 6.48 watt-hours. The stored energy can be calculated using the following formula:
1 watt hour = 1 volt * 1 amp hour.

Then for the Galaxy Nexus battery we get:

6.48 watt-hours / 3.7 volts = 1.75 amp-hours or 1750 milliamp-hours.

What other types of battery capacity are there

There is such a thing as the energy capacity of the battery. It shows the ability of the battery to be discharged for a certain time interval with a constant power. The time interval in the case of automotive batteries is usually set to 15 minutes. Energy capacity was originally measured in North America, but then battery manufacturers in other countries joined this. Its value can be obtained in ampere-hours using the following formula:

E (Ah) \u003d W (W / el) / 4, where

E - energy capacity in ampere-hours;

W is the power at 15 minute discharge.

There is another variety that came to us from the USA, this is a reserve tank. It shows the ability of the battery to power an onboard moving machine when the generator is not running. Simply put, you can find out how much the battery will give you to drive a car if the generator fails. You can calculate this value in ampere-hours using the formula:

E (amp-hours) = T (minutes) / 2.

Here you can also add that when the batteries are connected in parallel, their capacity is summed up. When connected in series, the capacitance value does not change.

How to find out how many amp-hours are really in your battery?

Consider the process of checking capacity using an example. But such a discharge under control can be done for any battery. Only the measured values ​​will differ.

In order to check the real ampere-hours of your battery, you need to fully charge it. Check the degree of charge by density. A fully charged battery should have an electrolyte density of 1.27─1.29 g/cm3. Then you need to assemble the circuit shown in the following figure.

You need to find out for which discharge mode the capacity of your battery is indicated (10 or 20 hours). And put the battery on discharge with a current calculated by the formula below.

I = E / T, where

E is the nominal capacity of the battery,

T - 10 or 20 hours.

This process requires constant monitoring of the voltage at the battery terminals. As soon as the voltage drops to 10.8 volts (1.8 on the bank), the discharge must be stopped. The time for which the battery is discharged, you multiply by the discharge current. It turns out the real capacity of the battery in ampere-hours.

If you do not have a resistor, then you can use car bulbs (12 volts) of a suitable capacity. You select the power of the light bulb depending on what kind of discharge current you need. That is, if you need a discharge current of 2 amperes, then the power will be 12 volts times 2 amperes. Total 24 watts.

Important! After discharging the battery, immediately put it on charge so that it is not in such a discharged state. For such a discharge, it is better not to do it at all. With such a deep discharge, they can lose some of their capacity.

ampere hours, ampere hours
Amp hour(A h) is a non-systemic unit of measurement of electric charge, used mainly to characterize the capacity of batteries.

Based on the physical meaning, 1 ampere-hour is an electric charge that passes through the cross section of the conductor for one hour in the presence of a current of 1 ampere in it.

A charged battery with a declared capacity of 1 Ah is theoretically capable of providing a current of 1 ampere for one hour (or, for example, 10 A for 0.1 hour, or 0.1 A for 10 hours). In practice, too high a battery discharge current leads to less efficient power output, which non-linearly reduces the time of its operation with such a current and can lead to overheating.

In practice, the capacity of the batteries is given based on a 20-hour discharge cycle to the final voltage. For car batteries, it is 10.8 V. For example, the inscription on the battery label “55 Ah” means that it is capable of delivering a current of 2.75 amperes for 20 hours, and the voltage at the terminals will not drop below 10.8 IN.

Often also used is the derived unit milliampere-hour (mAh), which is usually used to indicate the capacity of small batteries.

The value in ampere-hours can be converted to the system unit of charge - coulomb. Since 1 C / s is equal to 1 A, then, by converting hours to seconds, we get that one ampere-hour will be equal to 3600 C.

• 1 Convert to watt hours
  • 1.1 Example
• 2 See also
• 3 Literature
• 4 Notes

Convert to watt hours

Often, battery manufacturers list only the stored charge in mAh (mAh), others only list the stored energy in Wh (Wh). Both characteristics can be called the word "capacity" (not to be confused with electric capacitance as a measure of the ability of a conductor to accumulate charge, measured in farads). In the general case, it is not easy to calculate the stored energy from the stored charge: integration of the instantaneous power produced by the battery for the entire time of its discharge is required. If greater accuracy is not needed, instead of integrating, you can use the average values ​​\u200b\u200bof the voltage and current consumed and use the formula following from the fact that 1 W \u003d 1 1 A:

1 Wh = 1 1 Ah.

That is, the stored energy (in Wh) is approximately equal to the product of the stored charge (in Ah) to medium voltage (in volts):

E = qU.

Example

The technical specification of the device states that the "capacity" (storage charge) of the battery is 56 Ah, the operating voltage is 15 V. Then the "capacity" (storage energy) is: 56 15 = 840 Wh (≈3 MJ)

When batteries are connected in series, the "capacity" remains the same, when connected in parallel, it adds up.

Consider the marking of LiPo batteries using the example of a battery that has the following inscriptions:

• 3000 - capacity in mAh (mAh);
• 11.1 V- nominal voltage;
• 3S- the number and order of connection of cans (individual batteries from which the battery is assembled) - this means that the battery is connected in series from 3 batteries, that is, the battery capacity will be 3000mAh, and the voltage will be 3.7x3 = 11.1V;
• 20C- discharge current (on a 3000 mAh battery means that the maximum continuous discharge current is 20*3000=60000 mA=60A).

Voltage

On batteries, instead of voltage, they write the number of cans.

The voltage of one bank is 3.7 V. Accordingly, 3 banks are equal to 11.1 V.

The number of cans is indicated by the letter S.

Discharge current

Denoted by letter C and a capacitance number.

For example, if the battery says 20C, and its capacity is 3000 mAh (3 Ah),
then the recoil current is 3 Ah * 20 C \u003d 60 A

Peak discharge current

The current that the battery can give for a short period of time (which is also indicated in the specifications). Usually it is 10-30 s.

It is denoted in the same way as the discharge current, by the second number.

20C-30C means that the discharge current is 20C, and the peak current is 30C.

Capacity

It is indicated in mAh (milliamp-hour). 1000 mAh = 1 Ah.

Charging batteries.

LiPo batteries are charged at 1C (unless otherwise indicated on the battery itself, they have recently appeared with the ability to charge with a current of 2 and 5C). The nominal charging current of the battery is 1000 mAh - Ampere. For a 2200 battery, it will be 2.2 amps, and so on.
The computerized charger balances the battery (equalizing the voltage on each cell of the battery) during charging. Although it is possible to charge 2S batteries without connecting a balance cable, we strongly recommend always connect the balancing plug! 3S and large assemblies only charge with the balance wire connected! If you don't connect and one of the cans draws more than 4.4 volts, then an unforgettable fireworks display awaits you!
The battery charges to 4.2 volts per cell (usually a few millivolts less).

Storage mode.

On a computerized charger, you can put LiPo into storage mode, while the battery will be recharged / recharged to 3.85V per cell. Fully charged batteries will die if stored for more than 2 months (maybe less). They say that they are completely discharged too, but for a longer period.

Exploitation.

Discharging a LiPo battery below 3 volts per cell is not recommended - it can die. The engine controllers have the function of shutting down the engine when this condition occurs. We use s or . We also recommend using . It connects to the balancer connector and, as soon as it squeaks, it's time to land.
When the motor draws more current than the battery can supply, LiPo tends to swell and die. So this must be strictly monitored!
Now there are nano-tech batteries with a current output of 25-50C.

Preparation for work.

Preparing LiPo for use is very simple - just charge it and that's it! :)
This type of battery has no memory effect (no need to recharge before recharging), no need to cycle - do charge-discharge cycles before use.
If you charge in the field, then you should look for batteries with accelerated charging, they are written Fast charge 2C or 5C. In theory, they can be charged with a current of 33 Amperes!
The charger has a maximum of 5A, but this will reduce charging from 50 minutes to 20! (battery 1000 mAh)

How quickly our phone sits down directly affects the comfort of working with the device as a whole. This is understandable: when a smartphone fails at the most unexpected moments (for example, on the way home), the user experiences not the most pleasant sensations. It seems that the phone seems to be there, but it can not be used. And it's mostly about entertainment.

And what about such a function as communication or the ability to send a message? Imagine that you need to order a taxi late at night, and your phone is dead.

In this article, we will talk about how the battery affects the operating time of the device, what high-capacity batteries are, how to find out the battery capacity of the phone, etc.

What is battery capacity?

So, let's start with a general description of the technical parameters of each battery. First of all, it is capacity. This designation shows how capacious the battery is, how much charge it can take and transfer to an electronic device. Simply put, battery capacity is how much electrical charge it can take in and store for your phone.

Capacity is measured in mAh (milliamp-hours). Each phone is equipped with different batteries, the capacity of which may vary. About what characteristics the nutritional elements installed in certain models of devices have, we will describe further in this article.

Of course, you can expect that the capacity of the battery determines the operating time of the phone. This statement is quite logical. However, in practice it does not always work. We will talk further about what determines the operating time of a smartphone without recharging.

Dependence of capacity on charge consumption

In addition to the fact that the duration of the device depends on the capacity of the battery, there is another important indicator. You can call it the degree of optimization of phone systems.

Let's give an illustrative example that will show that the battery capacity should not be overestimated when characterizing phones. Let's say the iPhone 6 model has a battery of about 1900 mAh. For comparison, Android devices from Chinese manufacturers have 2500 mAh batteries. However, in practice, it may turn out that the Apple product will work longer. The reason is that it is much better optimized: the smartphone does not heat up, it is based on a single closed-source operating system that simply “flies” while working with the device. What can not be said about Chinese mobile phones, which, having a huge battery, heat up like an iron; hang and constantly slow down.

How to find out battery capacity?

When choosing a phone, some users really pay attention to such an indicator as capacity. With it, they are confident that they will be able to choose a more enduring device that will delight them without recharging for a longer period of time.

You can also find out the capacity in the technical characteristics of the device (you can see them both in a regular store on a storefront with a phone and in online shops) upon purchase, and just look at it by removing the back cover of the phone with your own hands. Below it you will see the battery marking - the manufacturer, certificate and, of course, its capacity will be indicated there (in mAh or mAh - this is the same thing).

iPhone battery capacity

We have already mentioned that iOS devices can be called quite highly optimized. Now let's take a look at the real specifications of the most popular versions of these phones.

So, the iPhone 4, 5 and 6 generations have batteries with a capacity of 1420, 1440 and 1810 mAh, respectively. As you can see, in fact, the capacity of the iPhone battery can hardly be called large. The same Samsung Galaxy S2 had a 1800 mAh battery, while it worked much less on a single charge.

The secret of the success of the "apple" technology is in the optimization work that has been carried out on the devices. As you can see, practice has shown its justification.

Samsung batteries

Since we already remembered the brainchild of the Korean mobile corporation, we can also characterize some phones of the Galaxy line. After all, if you analyze a lot of media from the world of mobile technology and electronics, Samsung is often called a competitor to Apple. Let's try to compare the battery capacity of these phones.

So, if you characterize the Galaxy S, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6 devices, then the capacity of their batteries will be 1500, 1800, 2100, 2600, 2800 and 2550 mAh, respectively! As you can see, in addition to the latest generation, the phone has steadily increased the volume of its battery. And this dynamic is definitely sharper than Apple's. Although user reviews of this line do not call smartphones hardy, they lag behind the iPhone in terms of operating time.

This indicates that chasing a large capacity is not always worth it.

The most "hardy"

If we take into account the entire smartphone market as a whole, then the leaders in terms of capacity here are generally other companies. Maybe they're just using a big "battery capacity" number as a marketing ploy, or maybe these phones actually last longer.

So, the rating is as follows: the most “capacious” is the Highscreen Boost 2 SE smartphone with a 6000 mAh battery. It is followed by Philips Xenium W6610, which can please the user with a 5300 mAh battery, then - Sigma ThL 5000 (device battery capacity - 5000 mAh), followed by X-treme (PQ22 model) - 4500 mAh battery. Next - less hardy Prestigio MultiPhone 5503 DUO (4000 mAh) and Fly IQ4502 Era Energy 1 Quad - 4000 mAh. We will not continue, since those models that are listed below are not of particular interest within the framework of this article.

As you can see, there are a lot of phones that bypass the iPhone and Samsung Galaxy in terms of battery capacity. Whether there is a need for such large batteries is a moot point. But such devices are definitely in demand.

What are high capacity batteries?

However, there is another solution for those who would like to continue using their favorite smartphone or tablet, despite the low capacity of its battery. These are high capacity batteries. The principle of their work is that they are initially able to store more charge than the original device, despite the fact that they are sold for specific phone models.

The high-capacity battery is not made by the smartphone manufacturer, but most likely by an outside company and sold under a different brand. It ideally fits the model that is indicated in its characteristics, but sometimes it can have other dimensions (compared to the original battery). In this case, such a battery will be designed as a back cover for the phone. As a result of its use, the device will become slightly thicker.

A high-capacity battery is used by those who really lack the standard charge of the device before it completely sits down. It allows you to significantly extend the work of any gadget. For example, ZeroLemon batteries for some models are able to provide the phone with work up to three times longer than the original accessory. Agree, such a difference will be tangible.

Cases-batteries and Power Bank"and

In addition to overcharged batteries, there are also other solutions to the problem of lack of battery life. These are portable chargers (so-called Power Banks) and battery cases.

The first ones look like full-fledged portable gadgets, which are a large and capacious battery (for example, 20,000 mAh). You can charge anything with it - from a pocket player to a laptop. Accordingly, the charge of such a device is enough for as many times as its capacity exceeds the battery capacity of a phone, player or laptop. Let's put it simply: to charge the iPhone, Power Bank can be used up to 10 times. After that, it will need to be charged from the network in order to be able to carry out the operation again.

Another option is cases that have a built-in battery. Their capacity ranges from 2000-3000 mAh, which allows you to charge the phone, on average, once. But such an accessory, in addition to extending the operating time of the device, performs another useful function - it is the protection and decoration of your smartphone.

How to extend the operating time of the device?

In general, in order not to buy anything, you can use additional tips on how to save device battery consumption. This is especially true if you have a phone whose large battery capacity allows you to do this.

You need to start by disabling all unnecessary services (mobile data transfer, Wi-Fi connection, Bluetooth module). All this "pulls" the battery charge the most.

Next, you need to pay attention to the backlight of the smartphone. The screen is the mechanism, the cost of which can also be called one of the most significant. By reducing its brightness, you will prolong the operation of the phone without any problems.

Finally, pay attention to how your operating system works. Try to disable visual effects on the device, close unnecessary applications running in the background.

All this will also help the smartphone to work longer.