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The eighth task of the Unified State Examination in Russian tests the skills of graduates in the field of correct spelling of words. For its correct execution, you can get one primary point. In the task, you need to find a word in which a certain vowel is missing - either checked, or unchecked, or alternating. To do this, you need to be well versed in the spelling of roots with checked unstressed vowels, alternating vowels, as well as dictionary words, the correct spelling of which must be remembered. To facilitate the repetition of this topic, we present a theory based on the materials of the eighth task of the exam.

Theory for assignment No. 8 USE in the Russian language

checked unstressed vowel

This is the easiest option; to determine it, you need to choose a form of the word in which the vowel will be stressed. For example, “to reconcile”, “braggart”, “stale” are checked by the words “peace”, “boast”, “stale”. Sometimes it is difficult to determine its meaning from a word without a vowel, for example, “to see ... give” can be understood both as “see” and how to “fade”. This was taken into account when developing exam tasks: similar words are given in contextual phrases.

There are not so many roots with alternation in Russian, you can just memorize them. This table shows the alternating vowels in the root of the word and the rules for their use. However, you need to remember the exceptions that are missing in it: pretend, illuminate, combine, level, equally, coeval, spasmodic.

unchecked unstressed vowel

Here is a table, the words from which are most often found on the exam.

BUT	avant-garde, adventure, lawyer, almanac, abstract, anomaly, antagonism, apartments, applause, appeal
B	luggage, boycott
IN	job, gorgeous, veterinarian, vinaigrette
G	dimensions, garrison, horizon
D	deserter, declaration, deficit, dilettante, directive, thoroughly
AND	ignore, dependent, intelligent, inquisition
TO	quotation marks, pun, calendar, closet, carnival, disaster, insidious, conjure, overalls, competent, compose, compromise, constitutional, burner, luminary, cosmetology, criterion
L	cherish
M	meridian, philanthropist, motivation
H	obsession, nostalgia
ABOUT	original
P	front garden, panorama, paradox, pessimist, foam rubber, preliminary, fastidious, privilege, primitive, priority, pedestal
R	rehabilitation, regulations, residence, rehearsal, restore
FROM	seminar, certificate, lilac, scholarship, strive, sovereignty
At	tamp down
F	faculty, philharmonic, festival
W	chocolate, chauvinism, highway, march
E	crew, exhibit, experiment, excavator, element, exploitation, extreme, expedition, erudition

Task execution algorithm

We carefully read the task, remember the rule (alternation of vowels in the root of the word, checked vowels in the root of the word, unchecked vowels in the root of the word).
We insert the missing vowels in each word given in the task, we determine the rule on which the spelling of each word is based.
We find the right word, write it down, inserting the missing letter. We write down the answer.

Analysis of typical options for task No. 8 USE in the Russian language

The eighth task of the 2018 demo

m..cenat
see.
g..ristaya (area)
vzr..sti
comp..ent

Execution algorithm:

Maecenas put up with- checked vowel in the root of the word (smirny); mountainous terrain)- checked vowel in the root of the word (mountains); component
nurture- a word in which an unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing (roots rast - grew). We write a letter in place of the gap BUT, since it is followed by consonants ST.

Answer: nurture

The first version of the assignment

Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

exp…disposition
hydrogen ... sli
to ... lendar
to ... shachy
post ... pour

Execution algorithm:

An unstressed checked vowel is a vowel that can be checked by changing the word and putting it under stress: MOUNTAIN - MOUNTAINS.
We insert the missing vowels in each word given in the task: expedition, calendar- you need to remember (unverifiable vowel at the root of the word); seaweed, bed- have an alternating vowel in the root.
Feline- a word in which an unstressed checked vowel is omitted. We select a test word where the vowel will be stressed: cat.

Answer: feline

The second version of the assignment

Determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

in..rusty
av..ntyura
g..roar
adopt..mother
adv..cat

Execution algorithm:

Roots with alternating vowels: ber - bir, cas - braid, lag - lies, etc.
We insert the missing vowels in each word given in the task: nappy– test vowel – test word pile; adventure- unverifiable vowel at the root of the word (you need to remember the spelling); grieve- a checked vowel in the root of the word (woe). The alternation of "gor / gar" is found in words such as " tan, burnt, burn, burn, cinder». Advocate- unverifiable vowel at the root of the word (need to be remembered).
Accept- a word in which an unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing (alternation nya/nim): accept - accept.

Answer: accept

The third version of the task

Determine the word in which the unstressed unchecked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

op..sanie
l ... pour
vytv..ryat
entertainment
calculate..merge

Execution algorithm:

An unchecked vowel at the root of a word is a vowel whose spelling needs to be remembered (for example: the vinaigrette).
We insert the missing vowels in each word given in the task: description- checked vowel in the root of the word (check word we write); get up- alternating vowel at the root of the word (creativity - utensils); entertainment– checked vowel, check word have fun; calculate- checked vowel in the root of the word, check word numbers.
Cherish- a word with an unchecked vowel in the root, its spelling must be remembered.

Task 8 USE in Russian

Root spelling

There are three types of checks: for an unstressed checked, unchecked or alternating root vowel.
We immediately cross out the options that fit the second and third types that do not fit the description of the task.

1) Unstressed checked vowel
Choose words with the same root, where the vowel is under stress (do not forget that the selected words should be similar in meaning).

2) Unstressed unchecked vowel
As well as with the one being checked, we select words, but nothing should work out, because usually these are words borrowed from other languages.

3) Unstressed alternating vowel

A) the choice of a vowel depends on the stress:
No accent O:
-gar-, -gor- (meaning to burn)
-clan-, -clone- (meaning decline)
-creature-, -creation-(meaning to create)
No accent A:
-zor-, -zar- (meaning dawn);
-pilaf-, -float- (meaning to swim).
Exceptions: swimmer, swimmer.

B) the choice of a vowel depends on the end of the root:
-skak-, -skoch- (meaning to jump);
-grow-, -grow-, -grow- (meaning grow).
Exceptions: Rostov, Rostislav, sprout, usurer, industry, jump.

C) the choice of a vowel depends on the suffix after the root:
-false-, -lagA- (meaning to put);
-kos-, -kasA- (meaning to touch);
-ber-, -bira- (meaning to collect);
-der-, -dirA- (meaning to rip off);
-glitter-, -blista- (meaning to shine);
-ter-, -tyrA- (meaning to wipe);
-per-, -pira- (meaning to lock);
-mer-, -peace- (meaning to freeze);
-stel-, -stilA- (meaning to cover);
-burned-, -burned- (meaning set fire to);
-even-, -chitA- (meaning count);
-imA- (for example, understand - understand);
-inA- (for example, reap - reap).
Exceptions: combine, combination, couple.

D) the choice of a vowel depends on the meaning of the root:
-equal- (same), -even- (smooth);
-poppy- (immerse in liquid), -mok-, -moch- (become wet)
Exceptions: peer, level, equally, plain, equal, equal.

Now you can practice this task.

Test options for task 7 from the Unified State Examination in Russian:

Try to solve them yourself and compare with the answers at the end of the page

Example 1:

A) checked ... growled, TV ... rhenium, sp ... cool
B) n ... starting, in ... negrete, in vain
C) to ... moreka, goodbye ... goodbye, to ... negotiate
D) transparent ... piercing, surprised ... curled, look ...

Example 2: