Polymer clay- This is a plastic mass, most of all resembling plasticine in appearance and tactile sensation. It contains a special plasticizer, which is completely absorbed into the particles of the material when heated from 100 to 130°C in a conventional oven. After this process, called polymerization or gelatinization, the material becomes durable - and this is the main difference from plasticine.
From this material you can make dolls, jewelry, souvenirs, and whatever your heart desires! The main thing is to show your imagination.
For work we will need:
Smooth work surface. I use glass from a large picture frame. Previously, I used a plastic board for modeling clay, but the plastic stuck to it, and the board absorbed different colors, so I had to wipe and wash it very often. To roll out without sticking, you can use a sheet of paper or tracing paper. Tracing paper, which can be purchased at a hardware store, works well.
Polymer clay. There are different manufacturers of plastic, which determines its quality. Russian plastic "Tsvetik", "Sonnet" or "Artifact" hardens quite quickly during storage. If you buy fresh, you can safely sculpt them, but you can never be sure how they were stored in the store. The Cernit plastic is very soft and does not stick much. It feels more like soft wax than plasticine. "Fimo" is probably the most popular. It is soft, not very sticky, very easy to work with, similar to plasticine.
Stationery knife or blade. It is very important that the blade is very sharp, then your products (especially “sausages for decorations”) will not be deformed when cutting.
Rolling pin. This is what is used to roll out large flat surfaces. There are many options here: all kinds of culinary rolling pins (it’s better to sand a wooden one thoroughly with sandpaper first), bottles, varnish cans, handles, plumbing pipes, that is, all objects of an elongated cylindrical shape.
Lemon
We stock up on lemon slices.
1. Take three pieces of plastic.
The first one is for the peel.
The second is for the inside of the fruit. I got this color by mixing semi-transparent "Cernit" and lemon-colored pastel. I simply crumbled the pastel finely (right into dust) onto the plastic and mixed thoroughly. This is a convenient way to get some missing color.
The third is dense white for the veins.
2. Take a piece for the inside of the fruit and divide it into the number of parts we want to see as a result. I divided it into six parts. We roll these parts into even sausages of equal length.
3. Now you need to wrap the “lemon sausages” in white plastic. These are future veins. Knead the thin layer with your hands. Now it doesn’t matter whether the layer is perfectly smooth or not. You can also use a rolling pin. Next, we cut out the “skin” for the slice from this layer and carefully wrap it. The layer should be of the same thickness and not be re-applied.
In this way we wrap all the slices.
4. We give each slice the shape of a droplet in the section. I did this by pressing down one side with a ruler.
5. Now we collect the slices into a flower. We make a thin long sausage from white plastic, which will be the core, and place the slices like petals.
And on top there is a thin layer of plastic intended for the peel.
And when cut it will be very smooth and similar to a real lemon!
With this lesson we will begin a series of master classes on sculpting fruits from polymer clay. For an apple we need several colors: golden, brown, greenish-beige for the apple pulp and slightly darker beige; green, red or yellow is suitable for the peel, depending on which apples you like best.
Let's start with the seeds. You could just use brown, but I wanted more detail. I made a color transition from gold to brown and folded the transition like an accordion. The pieces were very small, the photo was greatly enlarged. 
I squeeze, expel the air, form a sausage in the shape of a seed
Now I use darker beige plastic and place it in one layer around the seed.
We turn the color of the pulp into a barrel, and then form an apple in section:
We cut the workpiece in half, use a toothpick or a knitting needle to make a hole for the core of the apple (just roll it), put in the seeds.
Before gluing the halves, we lay a strip of beige. Wrap it in green peel.
Then we add a brown tube and a green triangle on one side, and on the other side I use brown, not completely mixed with beige:
I also decided to add a green leaf. I didn’t come up with such a simple leaf; I’ve seen it several times from different masters.
I make a color transition from beige to green and roll it up:
I cut the roll into three parts and insert brown stripes into the cuts: 
I cut it diagonally and turn one part the other way around:
Between these parts I put a strip of brown color and wrap it in brown: 
I put the leaf in the hollow and add more green around it:
That's it, the sausage is ready, squeeze it, cut it. I will write a large detailed article later on how you can use sausages. 
See also our others on the topic “polymer clay fruits and berries”:
polymer clay raspberries
polymer clay oranges
polymer clay lemons
For the lesson we will need:
polymer clay in yellow, white and translucent yellow;
rolling pin;
knife.
We wrap the translucent yellow with a white layer. 
Press down and cut into 12-15 pieces. Depends on how big you want the lemon to be. The more sausage you ultimately want to use, the more details you need to make. If your final goal is a small sausage, small beads, then you can do even less, because the patterns will not be visible on a very small one.
There is no need to try to make these sausages even and identical, they should be natural.
Place all the sausages together and wrap them in white.
Squeeze the sausage with a slice of lemon and cut into 8 pieces. We assemble two parts into a lemon half, 4 parts each, and place a white tube in the center.
Place the halves together in the corners and place thin white tubes between the slices. We wrap the entire sausage first in white and then in yellow.
After squeezing, we get these lemon sausages. 
If you use orange instead of yellow, you get an orange. The photo shows a small defect that happens when you take one color harder than the other. On the larger sausage you can clearly see that the white color is too hard (you can also see this in our master class with the apple, the green one is a little hard, the apple turned out a little angular because of this). On a small orange this will be almost unnoticeable, but in any case it is better to take this into account when working: use plastic of the same softness. 
And if you use green, then lime:
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To work you need:
polymer clay - color green, light green, black (dark brown), beige, golden, tools knife, rolling pin (ideally pasta machine)
Step 1. Make a color transition.
Step 2. Fold the transition like an accordion.
Step 3. Make cuts in the stack, put black tubes inside. We wrap the outside in beige
Step 4. Press the sausage, cut it, put it side by side.
Step 5. Wrap the resulting strip around the beige sausage. It seemed to me that there was not enough greenery, I added a layer of greenery on top, I could even add more.
We wrap it in metallic gold and press it together. All is ready.
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For modeling we will need red, pink, white polymer clay; for the veins I used translucent clay mixed with pink.
Making a color transition from pink and red
Fold in a stack. It turned out to be such a delicious stack) 
We wrap the pink layer around the stack 
We compress and cut into many pieces, about 12-15 
We fold the resulting strip into an arc, put inside a white core wrapped in translucent pink
You can add red around it, at your discretion.
That's it, you can squeeze it 
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In this master class I want to show two ways to sculpt oranges (in principle, any citrus fruits)
Method 1:
Material: baked polymer clay,
difficulty 2,
time 30 minutes out of habit
1. Necessary materials: white and orange plastic, stationery knife
2. We form a ball from orange plastic and flatten it to form a cylinder.
3. We divide the office. cut in half with a knife
4. We put a white strip between the two halves and connect them together, compact them a little, returning the shape of the cylinder.
5. Cut across and insert the white strip again. Repeat the steps until you get 8 slices. Recommendation: before each cutting, it is better to put the plastic in the refrigerator for a while so that it cools from the warmth of your hands, then it will be easier to cut and the shape will not be lost.
6. We wrap our cylinder with slices in white plastic.
7. We wrap our cylinder with slices in orange plastic.
8. Press the resulting sausage
9. Result: orange slices.
Method 2- more natural slices are obtained
materials: baked polymer clay,
difficulty: 2,
time 30 minutes
Because There are too many photos, so I optimized everything as much as possible, but I’ll tell you more in the description:
1. Required materials: plastic in two colors - orange and white
2. Roll a sausage out of orange plastic, wrap it in a white stripe and cut into 8 equal parts - orange slices.
3. Flatten each part on one side, obtaining the shape of a droplet.
4. We roll a small sausage out of white plastic - this is our middle. And we collect slices around it.
5. Roll a thin white sausage and divide it into 8 parts equal to the height of our orange. We put them between the slices.
6. Wrap the resulting sausage in white plastic
7. Wrap the resulting sausage in orange plastic
8. Gently compress the sausage to the required size
9. Result.
I remind you that before cutting the sausage, it must be cooled from the warmth of your hands, then it will be easier to cut the pieces evenly.
Next, cut into pieces approximately 5-7 mm, make a hole with a toothpick (needle, awl, anything thin and sharp). If necessary, apply the orange texture and bake or cook (10 minutes in boiling water)
Creative success!
It is very interesting to make orange slices from polymer clay. And to make them look like real ones, mix the material in white and orange shades, achieving the desired color. Please note that when baked, the clay will acquire a brighter tone. Divide the entire amount into 10 equal pieces and roll them into sausages of the same diameter.
Using white polymer clay, roll out 10 layers about 2 mm thick using an ordinary rolling pin. Wrap them around the orange sausages. Cut off the excess.
Crumple each piece along one side, giving the cut a drop shape. Fold them together into a cylinder, matching the sides of the “droplet”. The resulting part will have a hole in the middle that will need to be closed. Roll a sausage of the desired diameter from white polymer clay and insert it into the hole. Press all elements towards the middle.
Roll out 2 thin layers from white and orange clay. Wrap the workpiece first in white, pinch the ends and smooth the seam. Then wrap everything in an orange layer. Roll the cylinder a little, giving it an even shape. Cut it into thin slices, place them on a flat surface and let dry.
Orange slices made from polymer clay can be used to create jewelry: earrings, rings and necklaces. You can also make a refrigerator magnet from them or use them in composition with other fruits and berries made from this wonderful material.
How to make a whole orange
Beads are made from polymer clay, which can also be made in the shape of an orange. A unique orange peel is quite easy to make using the salt technique. Prepare:
- orange polymer clay;
- coarse salt.
Cut a piece of polymer clay and knead it thoroughly in your hands. The material should become elastic and pliable. Roll a ball of the required size.
Pour coarse salt into a saucer (it can also be replaced with sugar). Roll an orange ball in it. If you need to end up with a bead, then insert a wooden toothpick in the middle of the workpiece.
Place the ball on a baking sheet and place it in the oven for about 10 minutes. Remove the product from the oven and let cool. Remove the toothpick and thoroughly clean the surface from grains of salt; it can be wiped with a damp cloth or rinsed under running water. The orange bead is ready.
