Reference manual for SNiP

SERIES FOUNDED IN 1989

Design of sports halls, premises for physical culture and recreation
and indoor artificial ice rinks

Editor E. I. Fedotova.

Developed to . The construction and technological issues of designing sports buildings with halls for practicing various sports are outlined.

For engineering and technical workers of design and construction organizations and architects.

FOREWORD

The reference manual outlines progressive construction and technological solutions for the design of sports buildings with halls for acrobatics, badminton, basketball, boxing, wrestling (classical, freestyle, sambo, judo), volleyball, handball, athletics, sports and rhythmic gymnastics, tennis , table tennis, weightlifting, fencing, football, indoor skating rinks with artificial ice, as well as facilities for physical culture and recreation activities of the population.

The design of sports buildings with halls and (or) indoor skating rinks intended for the national teams of the USSR and the Olympic reserve is carried out according to special assignments of the USSR State Sports Committee; however, deviations from the recommendations given in this manual are possible.

Developed by TsNIIEP them. B.S. Mezentseva (engineers A.P. Golubinsky, I.S. Schweitzer, candidates of architecture E.M. Los, N.B. Mezentseva, M.R. Savchenko, N.S. Strigaleva, G.I. Bykova , A.V. Egerev, architects V.P. Rumyantseva, engineers A.I. Zuykov, N.A. Smirnova, V.A. Soldatov, V.V. Filippov, V.B. Shteinbrecht). With the participation of the Soyuzsportproekt (candidate of technical sciences B.L. Belenky, engineer Yu.V. Prokudin) and MISI im. Kuibysheva (Doctor of Engineering Sciences V.V. Kholshchevnikov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences A.N. Ovsyannikov).

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. Inclusion of dormitories or hotels for non-resident participants of competitions or training camps in the composition of sports facilities, their capacity and category are determined by the design task.

For those living in the hostel, a canteen with a dining room for 50% of the residents is provided.

The design of hostels or hotels that are part of sports facilities is carried out taking into account the relevant standards; at the same time, in hostels it is recommended to arrange blocks of two living rooms for 2-3 people each with a common sanitary unit for both rooms with a washbasin, shower and toilet bowl.

1.2. When the building with sports halls (skating rinks) includes the administrative premises of the DSO councils, sports schools, sports museums, clubs of masters of sports and other premises not intended for sports, the composition and area of ​​\u200b\u200bthese premises are determined by the design assignment.

1.3. App. 1 shows the terms and their definitions.

2. PLOTS (TERRITORY)

2.1. At the construction site, the pavement of driveways is accepted in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.05.02-85 for capital or lightweight pavements.

Separate paths for the safe movement of disabled people in wheelchairs leading to sports and demonstration or sports and entertainment facilities are provided with a width of at least 1.2 m, and their coverage is accepted in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.05. tracks. The type of pavement of footpaths is arbitrary.

2.2. The width of the movement paths for spectators on the territory of the facility is taken at the rate of at least 1 m per 500 spectators.

2.3. At the entrances for spectators to the buildings of sports halls and indoor skating rinks, to facilitate the process of entry and exit of spectators, free areas are provided at the rate of 0.3 m 2 per spectator attributable to this entrance. The definition of the form of the plan of the free area is given in fig. one.

Rice. 1. Determining the shape of the free area plan for outdoor
entrances and exits of spectators from sports buildings

h = 1.73d 1 ; , S = 0.3N - the width of the entrance-exit, N - the number of spectators per given entrance-exit; S - the estimated area of ​​the site at the entrance-exit of spectators from the sports building.

3. SPACE-PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION
BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS

General requirements

3.1. Sports halls and skating rinks, depending on the purpose, can be: specialized or universal; with or without seats for spectators; sports demonstration and sports entertainment. The purpose of the hall (skating rink) is determined in the design assignment. In the buildings of sports and demonstration and sports and entertainment halls and skating rinks, to ensure the use of these facilities by disabled people moving in wheelchairs, measures are provided in relation to those given in the Standard Instruction approved by the State Committee for Architecture by order. No. 187 of June 30, 1988, and paras. 2.1 and 3.48 of this Manual.

3.2. The construction dimensions and throughput of skating rinks and specialized sports halls (except for athletics halls), as well as the dimensions and throughput of arenas for holding competitions in these types in sports and demonstration or sports and entertainment halls, are taken according to Table. one.

The dimensions of the halls (skating rinks) given in the table are based on the dimensions and arrangement of one set of sports equipment and inventory provided for by the current Table of equipment and inventory approved by the USSR State Sports Committee, and for sports games, in addition, on the requirements of the current Rules for these games, approved by the USSR State Sports Committee .

Table 1

	Construction hall dimensions, m			Bandwidth		Arena dimensions for competition in a sports and demonstration or sports and entertainment hall, m
			height to the bottom of you-step-soldering structures	during training-but-training-nir-at-the-clock classes in the hall, pers./ shift	at competitions in the arenas of sports-demonstration or sports-spectacle halls, pers.			mini-small height (within the area of ​​the arena)
Sport halls
1. Acrobatics
2. Badmin tone. For one site
3. Basket ball. For one site					48 (4 teams of 12)
4. Boxing. For one ring
5. Fight:
classical
skye, freestyle, sambo					(For one carpet with a diameter 9 m)
judo. For one tatami carpet
6. Volleyball. For one site					48 (4 teams of 12)
7. Handball. For one site					48 (4 teams of 12)
8. Sports gymnastics
9. Artistic gymnastics. For one site
10. Tennis. For one site
11. Tennis
desktop. For three tables					(for each table)	(per table)
12. Heavy
athletics. For four platforms					(per one per bridge)	(for one platform)
13. Fekhtova
nie. On the four tracks					(per track)
14. Football. For one field					64 (4 teams of 16)
Halls of indoor skating rinks
ice skating	Working ice area (61´ 30)
16. Hockey					100 (4 teams of 25 each)

* When placing two or more courts in the hall, the width of two adjacent (in length) courts can be taken as 15.1 m for badminton and 34 m for tennis.

* 2 With two carpets with a diameter of 9 m, the length is assumed to be 32 m, with three - 46 m, with four - 60 m, and the capacity, respectively, 40, 60 and 80 people.

* 3 With two "tatami" the length is taken as 36 m, with three - 52 m, with four - 68 m, and the capacity, respectively, 40, 60 and 80 people.

* 4 With three or more venues in one hall, the capacity of each is 6 people. in shift.

Notes: 1. When designing sports halls for several playgrounds and (or) for more equipment, the size of the halls and their throughput per shift increase accordingly.

2. For sports, for which training sessions are also provided in sports and demonstration or sports and entertainment halls, the throughput is taken according to the largest of the indicators given in gr. 5 and 6.

3. When the purpose of the hall for competitions is not higher than the regional (regional) scale, the size of the arena area and height, as a rule, are taken equal to the size of the area and the height of the sports hall (see gr. 2, 3 and 4), and the throughput - according to gr. five.

4. Since the premises for individual strength training are provided in the buildings of sports buildings (see clause 3.7), it is not recommended to place simulators and other auxiliary equipment for physical training in the halls for boxing and wrestling. In these cases, the size of the boxing hall is reduced to 15´ 12 m, and the throughput is reduced to 14 people / shift. In the wrestling hall shown in the table, two paired mats with a diameter of 7 m or one mat with an optimal diameter of 9 m can be accommodated for training sessions for beginners and junior wrestlers.

When auxiliary equipment is removed from the hall, the size of the hall with a carpet with a diameter of 9 m is reduced to 18´ 15 m with a capacity of 12 people, and with paired carpets with a diameter of 7 m - up to 24´ 12 m with a capacity of 13 people / shift. In the latter case, the walls of the hall with carpets up to a height of 1.8 m must be upholstered.

5. When conducting simultaneous classes for men and women, a common place for floor exercises is provided (in the hall for artistic gymnastics).

6. In table tennis halls with a larger number of tables, the size of the hall is taken on the basis of an area of ​​7.75´ 4.5 m for each table.

7. In fencing halls with a different number of lanes, the width of the hall during training sessions is taken on the basis of 5 m per lane plus 4 m for each lane in excess of the first, and the throughput is taken at the rate of 5 people. for each track.

8. In accordance with the regulation of the USSR State Committee for Sports, it is allowed to increase the size of the hall (arena) for football, but not more than up to 113´ 72 m, without changing the capacity shown in the table.

9. In sports and demonstration halls, sports and entertainment halls and indoor skating rinks, in accordance with the calculated height of the tribune, the height of the hall (at least above the tribune) in comparison with that given in the table may increase, based on the fact that the distance from the floor of the last row of the tribune to the protruding ceiling structures, at least 2.2 m is accepted. The minimum height of the hall space required for the “circus on stage” performances (counting from the surface of the stage) is 10 m.

3.3. The construction dimensions of universal sports halls (skating rinks) are taken according to the largest of the indicators for these types given in Table. 1, and throughput - according to the smallest specific area per student, which is determined as follows:

a) in halls (skating rinks) specialized in sports, the specific area per one student is determined, for which the area of ​​​​the hall (skating rink) for a given type is divided by its capacity;

b) the throughput of the universal hall (skating rink) is determined by dividing its area by the minimum specific area obtained according to clause 3.3, a.

So, for example, the calculation of the capacity of a sports hall with a size of 42´ 24 m (1008 m 2), intended for training sessions in badminton, volleyball, basketball, tennis and handball, is as follows:

a) take from the table. 1 the dimensions and throughput of the halls specialized for each of these types, and determine the area per one involved: badminton - 15´ 9 m - divide the area by 8 and get an area of ​​17 m 2; volleyball - 24´ 15 m - divide the area by 24 and get an area of ​​\u200b\u200b15 m 2; basketball - 30´ 18 m - divide the area by 24 and get an area of ​​\u200b\u200b22 m 2; tennis - 36´ 18 m - divide the area by 12 and get an area of ​​\u200b\u200b54 m 2; handball - 42´ 24 m - divide by 24 and get an area of ​​\u200b\u200b42 m 2.

As a result, it turns out that the smallest is the specific area equal to 15 m 2;

b) the capacity of the universal hall is determined by dividing its area (1008 m 2) by the minimum specific area (15 m 2) - 1008:15 = 67 people / shift.

3.4. Sports and demonstration and sports and entertainment halls and skating rinks are designed, as a rule, universal: with an arena that can be transformed for alternate holding of competitions in several sports or several types of cultural entertainment or social events.

App. 2 shows examples of plans for the transformation of the arenas of a sports demonstration or sports and entertainment rink for holding competitions in a number of sports. At the same time, competitions in artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, acrobatics, wrestling (classical, freestyle, sambo and judo) and boxing are held on platforms, and competitions in volleyball, basketball, handball, tennis and mini-football are held on decks. When holding competitions in manual sports games in sports and demonstration or sports and entertainment halls with wooden floors, floorings are not used.

3.5. In sports and entertainment halls and skating rinks for holding cultural entertainment and social events, a stage (as a rule, collapsible) is provided. The size of the stage (including the area for the accumulation of artists) is recommended to take, as a rule, 18´ 14 m in halls with an arena less than 65´ 26 m and 24´ 18 m in halls with an arena of 65´ 36 m or more. On fig. 4 app. 2 shows options for placing a stage in the arena of a sports and entertainment rink. The choice of option is determined based on the possibility of maximum use of stationary seats for spectators located within the horizontal angle a = 120 ° and the permissible distance to the stage, taken equal to 40 m. Outside the stage (behind or on the sides), it is desirable to provide a free area with a width of at least m. The stage is equipped with two to six planned curtains.

3.6. In the buildings of sports and demonstration and sports and entertainment halls (except for track and field athletics halls) and skating rinks, based on their universal use for competitions in many sports, a hall is provided for warming up competitors, located in a convenient connection with the arena. All the time when competitions are not held at the facility, this hall is recommended to be used autonomously for training sessions in sports games, in connection with which locker rooms with showers and latrines are provided for them. The dimensions of the halls are recommended to take:

30´ 18 m (for badminton, volleyball, basketball) 8 m high capacity 36 people/shift;

42´ 24 m (for badminton, volleyball, basketball, tennis and handball) 8 m high with a capacity of 67 people/shift.

Schemes of plans for arranging equipment in these halls are accepted, as a rule, according to adj. 3.

3.7. In buildings of sports buildings with one or more halls and in buildings of indoor skating rinks, one common room for the entire building is provided for individual strength training, including on simulators, located in convenient connection with the halls and dressing rooms for them. The size of the premises is assumed to be 12´ 6 m in plan with a height of 3 m. With a capacity of less than 20 people / shift, the size of the room in the plan can be reduced to 9´ 4.5 m. 7 app. 3.

3.8. Sports halls for weightlifting and track and field athletics, gymnastics and football, as well as halls for indoor ice rinks with artificial ice, rooms for individual strength training and other rooms that provide for the installation of platforms for weight training, are usually located on the ground floor, and in halls for athletics, football and indoor skating rinks, in addition, gates with a width of at least 3.5 m are provided for the entry of trucks. When the design temperature of the outside air is minus 15 °C (parameter B) and below, at the entrances to the hall (skating rink), the installation of vestibules or air-thermal curtains is provided.

3.9. Enclosing and load-bearing structures, as well as the floors of sports halls, must allow the possibility of attaching stationary and portable sports equipment to them and be calculated taking into account the loads from it. When calculating the load, in addition to the mass of the equipment, it is also necessary to take into account the mass of the student, taken equal to 100 kg, taking into account its dynamic nature.

The composition of sports equipment and inventory for equipping sports halls for certain sports and skating rinks is accepted according to the current Table of equipment, inventory and other sports and technological means for equipping sports facilities for mass use of the USSR State Sports Committee.

3.10. The design of floors and bases under them in the halls for football and athletics, as well as in the halls of ice rinks, the design of the cooling plate and the bases under it are calculated for the additional live load from the passage of a two-axle truck. When the hall is located on the floor, the latter is calculated for a temporary uniformly distributed design load of at least 5 kPa (for the highest load).

The design of the floor and the calculation of the foundations in the places of installation of platforms for exercising with weights are carried out taking into account the impact load from the barbell falling onto the platform from a height of 2.4 m; the weight of the bar in weightlifting halls is 250 kg, and in other halls and in rooms for individual strength training - 180 kg.

Platforms for weight training should not be connected to the floor of the room and be installed on an independent foundation. It is recommended to place a shock-absorbing device under the platform. The following platform installation option can be recommended: an opening is provided in the floor of the hall, at the platform installation site; in the opening on an independent foundation, a base with a flat horizontal surface is arranged, on which a 50 mm diameter rubber hose rolled into a spiral is laid, over which a platform is placed.

The use of weightlifting platforms is provided, as a rule, factory-made or made according to the drawings of the All-Union Scientific Research and Design and Technology Institute for Sports Products (address: 127474, Moscow, Dmitrovskoe shosse, 62). At the same time, as operation practice shows, when a rod falls onto a platform, the surface of the platform is damaged after a rather short time, which entails the need to replace the entire expensive platform. Based on this, standard scaffolds are used, as a rule, only in competitions where their use is mandatory, and for training sessions, instead of installing scaffolds, it is recommended to provide a special floor design. This design provides for the construction of two concrete wells, having dimensions (clean) 2.0´ 0.6 m in plan and a depth of 0.45 m. Two layers of wooden bars are laid on the bottom of these wells, and five layers of sheet rubber or rubber-like materials (each layer 50 mm thick). Between the inner walls of the wells (the distance is 0.9 m), a plank or block floor is arranged (along the logs installed on the concrete underlying layer laid on the underlying soil). On both sides of the wooden floor, flush with it, sheet rubber is laid, which covers the wells and a zone 0.75-1 m wide on both sides outside them.

3.11. The designs of window casings and stained-glass windows of sports halls, halls of indoor skating rinks, as well as choreographic classes are provided in such a way as to provide the possibility of wiping glass and ventilation through transoms, vents or other devices.

Sport halls

3.12. Sports halls, intended mainly for training sessions, are provided, as a rule, specialized. So, for example, due to labor-intensive transformation (change of equipment), it is highly undesirable to provide training sessions in sports games in the same room alternately with boxing, wrestling or artistic gymnastics. The most expedient is the combination in one hall of classes in several types of sports games (volleyball, badminton, basketball, tennis, handball).

3.13. When designing universal sports halls with a size of 42´ 24 m and more, it is recommended to provide for dividing them with the help of lifting, sliding, etc. separating devices into sections, the size of each of which allows independent training sessions in them for sports that require a smaller area than the area of ​​the hall as a whole.

On fig. 2, a, b, c show options for dividing the halls into sections, and in fig. 2, d shows the option of using the entire area of ​​the hall for handball competitions. When using the hall for competitions in volleyball, tennis or basketball, each of these sites is located one along the hall.

Rice. 2. Variants of schemes for dividing halls into sections
(dimensions in meters)

a - the plan of the hall measuring 42´ 24 m (or 45´ 24 m) with its division into three sections for volleyball training sessions; b - plan of the hall measuring 48´ 30 m when dividing it into three sections for basketball lessons; c - variant of dividing the hall 48´ 30 m into four sections for volleyball lessons; d - the plan of the hall with a size of 48´ 30 m when using its area for handball competitions with the placement of spectators on wall bleacher stands

1 - transformable separating devices; 2 - volleyball courts; 3 - basketball courts; 4 - handball court; 5 - zone of wall bleacher stands for spectators

For more convenient use of sections, it is possible to provide for each of them blocks of dressing rooms with showers and sanitary facilities, as well as inventory.

The throughput of a hall divided into sections is determined as the sum of the maximum throughputs of the sections.

With the division of the hall into sections, it is necessary to apply protective measures against the blinding effect of lateral natural lighting due to the location of the sites across the hall. In addition, it should be borne in mind that in each section (especially located in the central part of the hall) the attachment of sports equipment to separating devices is excluded, in connection with this, the composition of sports equipment in each section is forcedly reduced compared to the hall having a size equal to sections.

3.14. Examples of equipment layouts on the plans of halls for training sessions in gymnastics, sports games, boxing and weightlifting are given in Appendix. 3.

Note. In connection with periodic changes in the design of equipment and the time sheet of equipment and inventory approved by the USSR State Sports Committee, for specific design, it is necessary to adjust the materials given in the Handbook in accordance with the current drawings and the Time sheet.

3.15. In a sports building with a tennis hall, with two or more courts in it, it is recommended to provide a hall with a size of 18´ 12 m, a height of 6 m with a training wall with a height of at least 3 m. The capacity of the room is 4 people / shift.

3.16. Athletics halls are intended for both competitions and training sessions. Designation only for training sessions (without seats for spectators) can, as a rule, be provided only if there is an athletics hall with seats for spectators in a given locality.

The height of the halls for athletics (to the bottom of the protruding structures) is accepted in halls with stationary stands for spectators at least 9 m (see also Note 2 to Table 1), and in halls intended for training sessions - 9 m Depending on the design solution of the flooring of the hall, the height above the running tracks can be reduced to 4 m, and above the places for high jumps, long jumps and triple jumps - up to 5 m.

The dimensions of the halls for athletics in the plan are determined depending on the parameters of the tracks for running in a circle and in a straight line and the number of places for certain types of athletics adopted in the design task; at the same time, at least one place is provided for long jump (triple jump), high jump and pole jump, shot put and, if possible, places for training javelin and discus throws into a device for delaying flying projectiles.

The dimensions of these places and their throughput are given in App. 4.

3.17. The track for running in a circle is a closed circuit, consisting of two parallel straight segments of equal length, smoothly connected by two identical turns (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Plan options for athletics tracks
for running in circles in the halls

I - pairing of turns with straight sections is carried out using a transition curve; II - the entire turn is made with one radius

a - a straight line; b - part of the turn, which has a variable slope (in diagram I - includes a section of the transition curve); c - part of the turn, which has a constant (maximum) slope; f - finish line; a is the central angle of turn within which the turn has the same slope

Turns can be described by a single radius (Fig. 3, b) or pairing of turns with straight segments is carried out using a transition curve (Fig. 3, a), which is optimal; multi-center rotations are allowed.

The radii of single-center turns are taken not less than 11 and not more than 20 m. When pairing turns with straight segments using a transition curve or with multi-center turns, the length of straight segments must be at least 35 m; at the same time, the length of sections of turns having a curvature described by a radius of 25.6 m or more refers to the estimated length of the straight segment. Tracks with a length of 166.67 m are recommended to be designed with single-center turns. Along the entire length of the turns of the track for running in a circle, turns should be arranged with a slope of at least 10 ° and not more than 18 ° in the steepest part with a decrease in the slope by 53 for each 1 m increase in the radius of the turn within the central angle a, where the slope is constant . The value of the angle a is recommended to be taken as 125-135° when pairing turns with straight segments using a transition curve and 50-60° for single-center turns. It is not recommended to arrange a variable slope throughout the turn.

Stationary turns are performed, as a rule, concrete. Along the inner perimeter of the track for running in a circle, a stationary or removable curb made of hard material is arranged, protruding 5 cm above the surface of the track and having a width of not more than 5 cm. The upper edge of the curb must be rounded and lie in the same horizontal plane. As a removable edge, flags about 0.25´ 0.2 m in size, installed on the line marked at the place of the edge, 5 cm wide, can be used on poles tilted inside the circle at an angle of 60 ° (the pole should protrude 0.3 m above the surface of the track) at a distance of not more than 4 m from each other, instead of flags, cones with a height of at least 0.3 m can be installed on the line. It is recommended to replace the edge with the installation of flags or cones described above.

The estimated length of the track for running in a circle in accordance with the rules of athletics competitions approved by the USSR State Sports Committee should be no more than 200 m. In the halls intended for training sessions and competitions, the length is 200 m, and in the halls intended for training sessions only, the recommended length is 166.67 m. turning radius (but not track width).

The finish line in running is accepted, as a rule, common for all distances and is located at the junction of a straight segment with a turn.

On the track for running in a circle during competitions, at least four and no more than six separate tracks with a width of 0.9 to 1.1 m each are placed. In halls intended only for training sessions, the number of separate tracks for running in a circle can be reduced to two.

A 1.1 m high fence made of plywood, boards or plexiglass is installed along the outer border of the track for running in a circle on bends. The surface of the fence facing the walkway is smooth, without protrusions or slots.

The capacity of the track for running in a circle is taken at the rate of 8 people / shift for each individual track with a length of 200 and 6 people / shift for a shorter length.

3.18. The length of the track for straight running consists of the length of the actual running distance, the space before the start line (generally 3 m long, but not less than 1.5 m) and the space after the finish line (at least 15 m long). In the latter case, if it is impossible to provide the required space after the finish, it is recommended to provide soft stops (for example, lining the wall in this area with mats), which guarantee safety for those involved.

For running in a straight line, a track is provided, as a rule, based on a distance of 60 m. If possible, a track is provided for running at distances of 100 and 110 m.

On the track for straight running in competitions there are not less than six and not more than eight separate tracks with a width of 1.25 m each.

The straight track can be placed outside or inside the outline of the lap track. However, it is desirable to place it outside the contour of the track for running in a circle, which allows its use both in competitions and in training sessions, regardless of the use and location of the places for athletics jumps and shot put.

When the track is located in a straight line inside the contour of the track for running in a circle, it can only be used during competitions, and its length should provide for running only at a distance of up to 60 m (with a length of a circular track of 200 m) or 50 m (with a length of a circular track). tracks 166.67 m). In order to be able to conduct training sessions in running in a straight line in these cases, it is recommended to additionally provide a track for running in a straight line, which can be taken out of the span of the hall, the number of separate tracks on it can be reduced to two or three, and the ceiling height is reduced to 4 m

The straight line finish line in track and field athletics halls with stationary stands is usually located on the continuation of the finish line in a circle run, which allows from the judges box (see paragraph 3.48 and Fig. 9) to receive all runners without moving from one finish line to another. When reconstructing existing premises and destining them for competitions below the national scale or only for training sessions, individual deviations from the above parameters of the running tracks are allowed, in agreement with the relevant committees for physical culture and sports.

The capacity of the track for running in a straight line (regardless of the length of the distance) is determined at the rate of 4 people / shift for each individual track.

The total throughput per shift of athletics halls is taken as the sum of the throughput of running tracks for running in a straight line, in a circle and places for individual types of athletics that are not combined with each other and can be used simultaneously.

Examples of plans for athletics halls are given in Appendix. five.

3.19. As a rule, as a part of sports and demonstration halls for track and field athletics for warm-up before competitions, a room with a width of at least 6 m (in the construction axes), a height of at least 4 m and a length, as a rule, equal to the length of the hall, but not less than 78 m. This room is located in a convenient connection with the dressing rooms for the competitors and the arena.

3.20. Floors in gyms, depending on the purpose of the latter by sport, can be wooden or have a synthetic coating.

If the base of the floor is laid on the ground, then complete removal of the vegetation layer and measures are provided to eliminate deformations in the form of subsidence and bulging, as well as capillary suction of moisture under the coatings.

3.21. It is recommended to arrange wooden floors, as a rule, in all sports halls (except for athletics and football halls) and provide for two types: I - from a board 37 mm thick (in the prison) and II - from a bar with a section of 60´ 60 mm. Type II floors can be made of two layers with a pad between the layers of paper or glassine.

Floor constructions with wooden covering type I and II are shown in fig. 4.

Rice. 4. Schemes of structures of wooden floors (dimensions in millimeters) Type I - plank; type II - from a bar

a - on the ground; b - on the floor

1 - wooden coating; 2 - lag; 3 - gasket 200-250 mm long; 4 - two layers of roofing; 5 - brick column on a cement-sand mortar; 6 - underlying layer; 7 - base soil; 8 - leveling cement-sand screed; 9 - floor slab with uneven surface; 10 - connections between lags; 11 - floor slab with a thin surface

Note. The span of the lag (distance between the axes of the columns) when installing floors of type I "a" is assumed to be 0.8-0.9 m

Type II wooden floors are provided in gymnastics halls due to the fact that:

typical embedded parts for fastening gymnastic apparatus are fastened to the floor with screws 50 mm long, and fastening is ensured if the screws are completely in the body of the floor covering;

when exercising on gymnastic apparatus, the floor of the hall (through embedded parts) experiences great efforts in the attachment points of the apparatus, therefore, connections are provided between the lags, which are established in a checkerboard pattern with a step of 2.5 m.

When installing wooden floors, keep in mind the following:

a) boards and bars are selected with the least possible number of knots, the removal of which must be carried out by drilling them and laying wooden plugs;

b) boards and bars are laid along the hall, and their joints are arranged apart and rest on logs;

c) fasten the boards (bars) to the logs with nails and always with an oblique slaughter.

In cases where the hall is located on the second floor and there are auxiliary rooms under it with a permanent stay of people in them, it is recommended to provide soundproofing.

In particular, arrange soundproof tape pads under the floor logs (Fig. 5):

mineral wool mats 40-50 mm thick stitched in paper;

mineral wool mats 30-40 mm thick on a synthetic bond;

quilted fiberglass mats 30-40 mm thick;

mineral and fiberglass boards with a thickness of 40-50 mm on a synthetic bond;

wood-fiber insulating boards 16-20 mm thick.

Rice. 5. Scheme of the construction of a wooden floor with a soundproofing device (dimensions in millimeters)

1 - wooden coating; 2 - lag; 3 - soundproof gaskets; 4 - leveling cement-sand screed; 5 - floor slab with uneven surface

3.22. Synthetic coatings used for the floors of sports halls include those recommended by the USSR State Sports Committee and approved by the bodies of the USSR Ministry of Health:

rubber-like prefabricated materials such as "Rezdor", "Arman", "Olympia" and others, produced in the form of plates or sheets with a thickness of at least 13 mm;

type "Regupol", produced in the form of rolls 1.25 m wide and up to 40-45 m long;

self-curing self-curing type "Tartan", based on polyurethane and liquid cold curing rubbers.

The design of the floor with synthetic coating is shown in fig. 6.

Rice. 6. Scheme of the construction of the floor with synthetic coating
(dimensions in mm)

a - on the ground; b - on the floor

1 - synthetic coating; 2 - fine-grained asphalt concrete; 3 - coarse-grained asphalt concrete (binder); 4 - crushed stone base; 5 - base soil; 6 - cement-sand mortar screed; 7 - floor slab with a flat surface

Synthetic coatings are carried out in one or two layers on a concrete or asphalt concrete base.

In athletics halls, it is most expedient to use either rubber-like materials or two-layer coatings with an upper bulk layer with a total thickness of 16 mm; at the same time, in places of repulsion in high jumps, pole vaults and triple jumps, it is recommended to arrange a self-leveling coating for the entire thickness. In the sector for landing the shot, rubber-like materials with a thickness of at least 30 mm are laid. On stationary concrete bends of the track for running in a circle on the concrete surface, a self-curing coating is provided. With removable bends (or parts thereof), the coating is applied to wooden boards laid on a metal frame.

Synthetic surfaces can also be used in other sports halls. For them, a two-layer coating of regupol with an upper bulk layer is recommended.

Rubber-like materials are produced by many factories of rubber products. Laying them and bulk self-hardening coatings is carried out centrally by specialized organizations of the USSR State Committee for Sports.

3.23. Embedded parts for fixing equipment, cut into the floors of the halls, are installed flush with the floor surface.

3.24. In athletics halls for landing in the long jump and triple jump, a pit (pits) with sand is provided in the floor, the surface of which is provided on the same level as the surface of the runway; in the floor of gymnastics halls near gymnastic apparatus, landing pits with soft filler are provided. In universal halls for artistic gymnastics and sports games, as well as in case of forced placement of a hall for artistic gymnastics not on the ground floor, pits for gymnastic apparatus may not be provided.

The dimensions of the landing pits in the long jump and triple jump are shown in fig. 1 app. 5. The dimensions of the pits for gymnastic apparatus are as follows: under the crossbar and under the women's bars - 11-12 m in length and 2.5-3 m in width; for vaults - 5 m long and 2.5-3 m wide. The depth of the pits is 1.1-1.5 m. A pit under the trampoline is possible. In this case, the trampoline grid is located at the floor level of the hall. The length of the pit under the trampoline is 5.53, the width is 3.23 m, the depth is taken equal to the height of the trampoline structure. The pits are covered with shields flush with the floor of the hall, and when open, their edges are covered with removable soft sides. As a soft filler in the pits of gymnastic apparatus, as a rule, foam rubber trimmings are used.

3.25. The design of universal halls for training sessions in artistic gymnastics alternately with sports games is not recommended. If such a combination is necessary (based on the plan shown in Fig. 1, Appendix 3), for floor gymnastic exercises, a carpet is provided instead of flooring, gymnastic walls are installed mainly on the longitudinal walls of the hall, the number of climbing ropes provided for both gymnasts and players, is not summed up and they are installed in the same place, a trampoline (portable, folding) is provided for outdoor (and not in a pit), and mirrors are either not provided at all or are reliably protected from ball impact. In addition, the inventory area is taken on the basis of the need to completely free the hall area from gymnastic equipment during sports games.

3.26. In halls for sports games with a ball, protective devices are provided on windows and lighting fixtures.

3.27. In the halls for sports games (including universal ones), the inner surface of the walls to a height of at least 1.8 m is provided as vertical without protrusions or niches. If, nevertheless, within this height, the structures protrude from the plane of the walls, then it is recommended to place sports equipment (gymnastic walls, etc.) or heating devices between them so that their surface facing the hall is flush with the surface of these structures; or between structures protruding from the plane of the walls (pilasters, columns), screens are provided to a height of at least 1.8 m, protecting students from possible injuries.

The design of screens on heating devices is carried out so as not to reduce the functional qualities of the heating system.

Door casings for sports halls are made flush with the wall of the hall.

3.28. The walls and ceilings of sports halls are painted in light colors, and the material of the walls and their coloring are provided so that wet cleaning can be carried out; in the halls for sports games, the walls and ceiling are also designed to be resistant to ball impacts.

It is allowed to finish the walls with facing bricks with jointing inwards.

3.29. In sports halls for training sessions built into buildings for other purposes or in the space under the stands, or assembled from light metal structures, the presence of columns is allowed if, in accordance with the arrangement of technological equipment and markings, they are in non-working areas and subject to safety zones.

Ice skating rinks

3.30. Indoor rinks with artificial ice are provided, as a rule, universal - for alternate use in hockey and figure skating.

3.31. As part of the buildings of sports and demonstration, sports and entertainment and training skating rinks, to ensure the training process, there are common premises for the building for individual strength and acrobatic training with a size of 12´ 6 m, a height of at least 3 and 6 m, respectively, and one choreographic class size 12´ 12 m (in plan), height not less than 4.8 m. For the possibility of its autonomous use, it provides for separate dressing rooms (with showers and latrines attached to them), based on a class capacity of 30 people / shift. Approximate diagrams of the equipment layout plan in the rooms for individual, strength and acrobatic training and in the choreographic class are shown in fig. 7, 8 and 9 app. 3.

Note. When placing a trampoline sheet at the floor level of the room, the height of the room can be reduced to 5 m.

3.32. With a capacity of a sports demonstration or sports and entertainment rink of more than 2 thousand spectators (excluding seats in the stalls), it is recommended to additionally provide for an indoor rink for training sessions in figure skating and hockey with a working ice area of ​​61´ 30 m. For autonomous operation of this skating rink, separate dressing rooms (with showers and latrines attached to them) are provided for it, based on the throughput per shift given in Table. one.

If there is a training rink, the location of premises for individual strength and acrobatic training, as well as a choreographic class, is recommended in a convenient connection with the training rink.

3.33. For ballet performances on ice, the size of the ice platform is assumed to be 45´ 24 m. This platform can be located both along the hockey arena and across it (symmetrically to the short axis). In the latter case, an additional ice rink 24 m long (12 m on both sides of the short axis of the arena) and 15 m wide is provided outside the hockey field close to it (see Fig. 3, b appendix 2). This option creates the best (frontal) conditions for observing the performance with a one-sided or sickle-shaped tribune. In addition, when there are no ballet performances, an additional platform (24´ 15 m) can be used autonomously for figure skaters to practice individual elements with a throughput determined based on 25 m 2 of ice area per skater.

3.34. In buildings of indoor ice rinks with artificial ice intended for figure skating (including universal ones), it is recommended to additionally provide a training ice area 30´ 20 m in size for practicing individual elements of figure skating. In sports and entertainment skating rinks, in which the area for performances on ice is located across the field for hockey, a training area for figure skating is not provided.

3.35. The scheme of the design of the cooling plate and the base under it on indoor ice rinks with artificial ice is shown in fig. 7.

Rice. 7. Diagram of the design of the cooling plate and the base under it

1 - cooling plate with refrigeration pipes concreted into it; 2 - protective cement screed; 3 - slip layer; 4 - leveling cement screed; 5 - waterproofing layer; 6 - a layer of thermal insulation; 7 - waterproofing layer; 8 - leveling cement screed; 9 - reinforced concrete slab; 10 - underlying soil

The cooling plate is made of frost-resistant concrete grade F 75 and compressive strength class B 12.5. Plate thickness - no more than 140 mm.

Laying of the cooling plate on subsiding or heaving soils is not allowed.

Solid-drawn pipes are used to circulate the coolant. The thickness of the protective layer of concrete above the pipes to the surface of the slab is 30 mm. The cross section of pipes and the distance between them are determined by calculation.

The sliding layer consists of protective barriers (roofing felt, aluminum foil, polyvinyl chloride sheet) and a layer placed between them (about 5 mm thick) of materials with a low coefficient of friction (powdered graphite, talc, graphite-oil emulsion).

The thermal insulation layer is determined by calculating the thermal conductivity and strength.

Crossing the structure of the cooling plate by engineering communications (except for refrigeration pipes) is not allowed.

To ensure the same thickness of ice, the cooling plate is made horizontal, and its surface is even (the gap between the rail 3 m long and the surface of the plate at any point is not more than 5 mm).

Outside the dimensions of the working surface of the field for playing hockey (61´ 30 m), a strip of ice may be provided for fixing the boards. The need to provide a strip and its width are determined depending on the selected type of boards*.

* The Central Institute for Standard Design distributes a standard design of various types of hockey boards 319-M.

3.36. Outside the cooling plate in covered skating rinks, channels are arranged to drain water from melting ice. In sports and demonstration and sports and entertainment indoor skating rinks, the width of the channel is assumed to be at least 0.7 m; and the volume is not less than 45 m 3. In cases where a device is provided in the channel to accelerate the melting of ice, the volume of the channel can be reduced. The channels are covered with removable shields flush with the floor.

Channels for draining water from melting ice are recommended to be arranged on the sides of the cooling plate, free from the collectors of the cold supply system. In skating rinks intended only for training sessions, the width and volume of the channel are not regulated.

Seats for spectators

3.37. In facilities intended for holding competitions, places for spectators are provided in the form of stands or balconies, and in sports and entertainment halls and skating rinks - in the form of stalls.

3.38. Tribunes for spectators are designed, as a rule, in stationary structures with seating; in some cases, transformable or collapsible stands are used. In recent years, in the practice of sports construction, collapsible stands are used extremely rarely, since their assembly and disassembly is laborious and, in addition, require significant storage space. Based on the foregoing, the use of the following types of transformable stands can be recommended:

bleachers - tribunes, consisting of sliding sections of a telescopic type;

stalls of the parterre-tribune type.

Both types of such stands have a limited number of rows (as a rule, within 8-10 for seating), and their use in each individual case is determined by the specific nature of their use.

Bleacher tribune, in the form of retractable sections, has a strictly fixed location (attached to the walls of the hall or to a stationary tribune with the first row raised above the arena) and therefore can be of limited use. By extending a different number of separate sections, it is possible to change the capacity of this stand, which may be of practical importance in the operation of the structure.

The stall stand has a great advantage compared to bleachers, since it is mounted on a mobile platform, it can easily move in any direction around the arena, providing its transformation required by the project. which is very important when transforming the arena for holding cultural, entertainment and social events (rally, concert, etc.), when it is necessary to have a stalls.

3.39. Zoning the location of spectator seats in the stands and building the profile of the stands, as well as determining the location of the observed point (focus), depending on the purpose of the hall by type (s) of sports, are given in Appendix. 6.

3.40. To ensure visual perception of what is happening in the arena, when spectator seats are located on the balcony, it is recommended to place one row of seats on it and one row of places for standing at the rate of 9 spectators per 2 m of the balcony. The balcony is arranged, as a rule, along the longitudinal walls of the hall and preferably so that the projection of the balcony is outside the arena; the balcony should also not interfere with the placement of sports equipment under it.

3.41. Seats for spectators are located outside the arena and the evacuation passage along the rows of spectator seats (if evacuation is provided along the passage in front of the first row).

Tribunes for spectators are located, as a rule, along the longitudinal sides of sports arenas; the location of the stands at the end sides of the arena is provided in cases where a given number of spectator seats cannot be placed within the distances allowed by visibility (see Table 2, Appendix 6), at the longitudinal sides of the arena.

In sports and demonstration and sports and entertainment halls and skating rinks for holding events in the arena that do not use the entire area of ​​the arena, it is allowed to provide for the placement of temporary places (blichers, stalls and stalls) for spectators directly on the sports arena.

3.42. Stand sizes:

row depth on stationary stands 0.8-0.9 m (on bleachers it can be reduced to 0.75 m);

seat width - 0.45 m;

seating depth in stationary stands - 0.4 m (on bleachers it can be reduced to 0.35 m);

seat height above the floor of the aisle - 0.43 m.

3.43. The estimated number of spectator seats in universal sports and entertainment halls with stalls is determined as the sum of seats in the stalls and in the stands minus seats. located outside the horizontal angle of 120 ° with the top in the middle of the far side of the stage and at a distance of more than 40 m from it. Table 2 shows data on the “loss” of seats in the stands of various configurations for arenas of the most common sizes and for the stage sizes given in clause 3.8. In other cases, the definition of "losses" is carried out guided by the above distance and horizontal angle. If the “loss” of spectator seats in the stands during variety concerts and the installation of stalls exceeds the accepted capacity of the stalls, the calculation of auxiliary rooms for spectators is carried out in the project based on the total capacity of all stands, but without taking into account the capacity of the stalls.

Note. Above the line are the data for halls with an arena measuring 65´ 36 m 2, below the line - with an arena 48´ 26 m. a is the maximum allowable horizontal angle within which spectator seats should be located . R is the maximum allowable removal of spectator seats. 1 - stands; 2 - parterre; 3 - stage; 4 - "lost" places.

A sports hall is a building or part of a building equipped in a certain way, the purpose of which is educational and sports work and competitions. Gym design must take into account many factors.

Types of gyms

The purpose of the hall depends on its size, shape, design features. Usually there are two types of gyms: specialized and universal. The purpose of a specialized gym is a specific type of activity. The most common type of sports hall is the hall with equipment designed for gymnastics and the games hall with playgrounds for basketball and volleyball. Universal sports halls allow you to simultaneously or alternately engage in several sports. Universal halls usually come in three types: large, medium and small. The area of ​​a rectangular sports hall is calculated based on the specific values ​​of the length and width of the hall. The length of the large gym is 42 m, the middle one is 36 m, the small one is 30 m, respectively, the width of the large gym is 24 m, the middle and small one is 18 m.

The area of ​​a conventional gym is calculated as follows: from 5-6 m² is allocated per person, for an aerobic hall - 2 m² for each student. Toilets, showers, reception desks, staff quarters are taken into account. Typically, the minimum dimensions of a sports club range from 140 to 250 m², it all depends on the number of potential visitors and the number of exercise equipment. The optimal area is considered to be about 200 m² - on such an area you can safely place the most popular simulators. Too small size will require the exclusion of some simulators, so you will have to think more carefully about the equipment of the hall. You can think over the specialization of the hall - decide on the contingent of visitors. Usually, one power simulator consumes from 5 m² (and preferably 7 m²), for a cardio machine - from 9 m² (ellipsoid, treadmill). For a compact cardio machine - about 4 m² (exercise bike, stepper). The size of any fitness areas can be larger if there is free space.

Good ventilation plays a huge role in any size sports hall. It is important to avoid stagnation of air to create comfortable conditions for those involved. Stale air, a draft, a stuffy room can cause discomfort and deterioration of well-being. Exhaust air saturated with carbon dioxide must be removed, clean air must be supplied to the room, and drafts must be avoided.

School gyms

School physical education lessons are no less important than any other subjects. The vast majority of school subjects develop mental abilities. Physical education allows you to develop the body and spirit. The child needs movement - this is a biological feature of a growing organism that allows it to form and develop normally. School gyms are universal due to the variety of forms and content of practical exercises in the classroom. In addition to physical culture and health-improving classes and training, a universal sports hall can accommodate local competitions, public events, and dances.

There are regulations that are spelled out in a special document on sanitary and hygienic requirements - they must be taken into account when equipping a gym. Unfortunately, in Russia, many educational institutions do not comply with these regulations, which endangers the health and safety of students.

The best location for a gym is on the first floor, where there should also be a separate block with access to an outdoor sports area. The following structure of the gym has been adopted: two showers and changing rooms, two toilets, a room for equipment, for a teacher. After changing clothes, students should immediately get to class, without interfering with strangers.

Rent of sports halls in St. Petersburg

All halls

The dimensions of sports halls are standardized in a certain way to ensure the most effective training process and maintain a certain physical and chemical state of the air. The size of the gym and their number depend on the number of students. If the number of classes in the school varies from 8 to 20, the area of ​​the sports hall should be 162 m². In the presence of 20-30 classes - 288 m², from 40 classes - two halls (144 and 288 m²). If the school has 50 classes, the area of ​​the large gym should be 450 m², the small gym should be 144 m². As a rule, the appointments of small gyms are classes with primary school students.

Sports halls of sufficient size provide an optimal area for training, the necessary amount of air and safety of training. Therefore, it is important to take into account the number of students in the hall: the figure is calculated as follows: from 4 m² of room area and from 18-20 m³ of hall volume for each student. You can calculate the optimal height for the gym based on the overall dimensions of the space, its value should be from 4.8-6 m.

The hall must be well ventilated. If it is not enough, and the dimensions of the hall are small, then the content of carbon dioxide in the air will greatly exceed the norm, the content of dust and microbes will increase. For air exchange, it is necessary to ventilate the room between lessons.

Ideally, the windows in the gym are located on both sides for a good lighting and cross-ventilation options. Can combine artificial and natural lighting. Window panes are usually covered with nets or bars to ensure the safety of students.

Optimal air-thermal regime: humidity 30-50%, air movement 0.06-0.25 m/s, temperature 15-17 °C. Creating an optimal microclimate due to well-chosen dimensions of the gym is a very important task. Heating and ventilation systems are selected, due to which basic hygiene requirements can be met.

Gyms can be mini-format up to 150 squares and macro-format from 150 squares or more. Whichever option you choose, you need to select structures with high ceilings and large window openings. Beforehand, you should calculate the throughput of your establishment according to the requirements of 5 m2 per visitor or 6 m2 per piece of equipment. In this case, it is necessary to provide free space for warm-up exercises.

Regulations

1. The arrangement of the sewerage and water supply system inside your hall is described by SP 30.13330.2016 (the set of rules was adopted on June 17, 2017). The previous document, according to which these systems were organized, was SP 30.13330.2012 (updating for SNiP 2.04.01-85*). Most likely, it was this document that the builders were guided by during the construction / reconstruction of the building you purchased / rented. If you find a facility "sharpened" for fitness services (FS), coordinate the need for changes with local SES authorities. They may not be needed.
2. Lighting must be organized in accordance with SNiP 23-05-95 (updated as SP 51.3330.2011).
3. Noise in your hall should be leveled in accordance with the set of rules 51. 13330.2011 (updating SNiP 23-03-2003). Valid with amendments No. 1 dated 06.11.17 (Order of the Ministry of Construction No. 770 / pr dated 05.05.17). MPCs are described in Table No. 1, paragraph 19.
4. SP 118.13330.2012 * - update for SNiPa 31-06-2009 (with Amendments No. 1, 2), containing descriptions of requirements for public facilities.
5. In a room such as a gym (TK), you will definitely need an air conditioning system, good heating and high-quality ventilation. It will help to correctly conduct the data of the system SNiP 41-01-2003 (updated SP 60.13330.2012).
6. The relationship between the client and the gym is determined by GOST R 52024-2003 according to PP No. 80-st dated 18.03.03.

Requirements of SES (Rospotrebnadzor)

On-load tap-changers (Rospotrebnadzor) checks begin with the requirements for compliance with:

• GOSTAR 52024-2003 paragraph 5.2.9.1.
• Articles 9 and 10 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation on ZoPP No. 2300-1.

More information about the requirements of these documents can be found in the article on the rules for designing a UE (Consumer's Corner) and a sign.

The main requirement in this part is to inform the client:

• about the services provided, their price, rules for providing;
• about medical contraindications;
• Name of the trainer;
• form and rules of payment for services.

In addition, clients are informed about the safety rules when receiving gym services, and may receive other additional information. All instructors working with clients must undergo a medical examination and have health books.

Accommodation Requirements

Organizations for sports purposes are placed both in separate buildings and as part of health-improving complexes and even in residential buildings (basement, semi-basement, with proper organization of ventilation, heating and sound insulation).

Requirements for the premises

The recommended height of the gym is 4 m or more. When arranging in the basement and semi-basement of a residential building, a minimum height of 3.5 m can be considered. 5 m 2 of space should be allocated for each client.

The set of premises for such a hall includes:

1. Reception, if the TK is not an element of a larger sports complex.
2. Own gym with exercise equipment.
3. Toilet room and shower separate for men and women. The number of toilet rooms is determined by the capacity of the hall. In mini-"simulators" 2 pieces are enough. If the room is more than 100 m 2 in area, the bathroom is equipped no further than 75 m from the main place of localization of people.
4. The dressing room provides separate rooms for visitors of different sexes.
5. Storage room for cleaning equipment. Inventory is marked.
6. Rooms for storing linen 2 pieces (clean and dirty), for example, towels, if provided.

The training room itself is also desirable to zone on:

• cargo-block part (power simulators);
• area of ​​work with free weights (weights, dumbbells, or barbells).

The TK room should be well ventilated / ventilated, have a finish that meets sanitary standards (permitted), allowing regular cleaning and disinfectant treatment:

• rubber-like materials manufactured at the factory in the form of plates or sheets from 1 cm thick;
• roll materials for sports halls;
• self-leveling floors based on polyurethane.

The coating is done in 1-2 layers over the concrete pour. Wooden floors are also acceptable, but they are subject to special requirements. At the same time, if there are platforms for training with serious weights in the hall, they cannot be performed in connection with the foundation. Floors must be level and smooth, without cracks or damage.

The walls of the TZ must be flat and smooth, at least to a height of 1.8 meters. They are painted in light colors and covered with easily washable materials. The ceiling is covered with non-crumbling materials. Illumination in the gym is maintained at about 150-200 lux.

microclimate requirements

Any premises intended for sports activities must be "dry". Humidity should not exceed 60%. To maintain humidity, you need to calculate the excess heat when training indoors.

If the depth of the hall is 6 meters or more, take into account:

• the amount of solar radiation;
• heat radiation of artificial illuminators in an area located 6 meters or more from window openings (illuminance can be taken as 200 lux);
• release of heat and moisture from people.

The table shows the release of heat and moisture by a person, which must be taken into account:

Heat and moisture release from people

Indicators	Amount of heat (W) and moisture (g/h) at temperature, °C
Resting state
Heat apparent
Heat full
With light work
Heat apparent
Heat full
For moderate work
Heat apparent
Heat full
When working hard
Heat apparent
Heat full

Fresh air must be supplied:

• to the gym at the rate of 80 cubic meters / hour per client (at least) with a ratio of inflow: exhaust-2: 3;
• in the toilet rooms at the dressing room - 50 m 3 / h for 1 toilet bowl / urinal.

The air exchange rate in the dressing room should be from 1.5 cubic meters, in the shower at least 5 cubic meters. Temperature regime:

• in the locker room and showers within - 22-25 o C;
• in the toilet rooms at the dressing rooms - 20 o C;
• in the hall for performing heavy physical exercises, which include TK - 16-18 o C;
• lobby, reception - 20-22 o C.

If the hall is universal and other types of classes are held in it, it is necessary to provide for its heating in an accelerated mode. Such requirements put forward serious demands for the exhaust and heating of the hall.

Requirements for the heating and ventilation system

According to SP 60.13330.2012, the heating system can be:

• air (clauses 7.1.14, 7.1.15 and 7.1.16);
• electric or gas-powered, either with a surface temperature of up to 150 ° C (clauses 4.6, 6.4.12 and 6.4.14) or with a high-temperature radiator (clauses 5.8, 6.2.9, 6.4.11, 6.4. 12);
• water-radiator, water with panels, convectors or smooth pipes with a heat source temperature of up to 150 ° C;
• with heaters in the floors and walls of the built-in type, operating as a water system (clauses 6.3.3, 6.4.7 and 6.4.8).

The last option is considered the best. But more often it is used by conventional water radiators / convectors.

All heaters (provided that they are not built into the floor and walls) are covered with bars to ensure the safety of the trainees.

The ventilation system is equipped according to the supply-exhaust scheme with a mechanical stimulator. Air flow is organized - jets "laid". Such a system:

• eliminates blowing fresh air to clients during classes and reduces the risk of deterioration in their health and complaints;
• prevents the formation of zones of "stagnation" of air masses.

This is achieved by a uniform distribution of supply gratings around the perimeter of the heating zone.

Compliance with the following rules is not a strict requirement of the SES, but their use is not prohibited by the sanitary services and belongs to the category of savings and energy saving measures:

• in late spring, summer and early autumn (when the weather is favorable), it is possible to provide for turning off the ventilation system and ventilation by a natural method (transoms);
• decrease in the temperature indicators of the air environment during the non-working period, followed by maintaining the temperature by 5 ° C during operation.

If the latter method is adopted, then it is better to develop a heating system from 2 groups of heaters:

• main (capable of maintaining the minimum required constant temperature);
• compensatory - providing a quick "adjustment" of the temperature to the desired numbers.

It is worth designing a ventilation system with the inclusion of the possibility of removing polluted air masses under the influence of:

• gravity;
• pressure created by the intake element of the hood.

A good result makes it possible to use the wind as an additional. stimulus to turn on the ventilation mechanism.

Water supply and sewerage: basic requirements

In any TK, the arrangement of internal systems is required:

• water delivery (cold and necessarily hot);
• organization of wastewater collection (sewerage).

Water must be potable and meet the standards of such water. Water consumption is calculated according to SP 30.13330.2012, based on the capacity of the hall. The same set of rules defines the rules for selecting pipe diameters for these systems.

If the TK is set up in a non-sewered area, local purification systems will have to be provided. Discharge of untreated water into the environment is prohibited. If there is a sewer network in the settlement, the sewerage of the gym crashes into this system.

fire service requirements

The main and controversial issue on the requirements is the need for automated fire warning systems, evacuation control and extinguishing. A lot depends on the dimensions of the premises, the number of people who will simultaneously receive the TK and various types of premises. Even if you carefully study NPB 110-03, it is difficult to decide what is needed for a particular gym. You will either have to turn to experienced designers and trust them. Or first check with the local fire authorities.

We can definitely say that:

1. Any indoor sports facility is equipped with primary fire extinguishing equipment:

• fire extinguishers at least 2 pcs.
• fire shield.

1. Notification system. If not 1-2 people are involved, but at least 15-20 at the same time, it will be necessary to organize an evacuation management system.

Sports facilities of this type require a public address system, regardless of their size. If the TZ is large 500-750 m 2 and has several rooms (for example, a hall for exercise bikes and treadmills, a hall for weight training equipment, a warm-up room), then SOUE-4 type is selected. The whole complex is zoned, the selection of speakers is carried out depending on the size of each zone. The design and selection of equipment is left to the designer. As an AUPS, you can use, if funds are available, an aspiration detector of the VESDA type.

A fire evacuation plan must be made in color, fire safety instructions and rules of conduct in case of fire have been developed. Evacuation exits should open towards the exit and should not be cluttered. For a medium-sized TZ, it is imperative to provide emergency lighting.

TK employees must undergo regular safety briefings, know the location of fire extinguishing equipment, and be able to use them. They are responsible for assisting in the evacuation of gym clients.

The materials used to cover walls, floors and escape routes must be minimally flammable and approved for use in sports facilities. For example, floor covering requirements are regulated by SNiP 21-01-97 (clause 6.25).

In small gyms, the owner or manager is responsible for the PSP. In larger ones, the director may appoint such person by order.

The sports and sports zone is located at a distance of at least 25 meters from the building of the institution behind a strip of green spaces. It should not be placed on the side of the windows of the classrooms. The equipment of the sports zone should ensure the implementation of training programs in physical education, as well as the holding of sectional sports and recreational activities. Sports and playgrounds have a hard surface, a football field - a grass cover. Classes on damp areas with bumps and potholes are not held. The composition of the premises for physical culture and sports purposes should include a room (zone) equipped with training devices, as well as, if possible, a swimming pool.

The sports hall should be located on the 1st floor of the school building and removed from the classrooms, the teacher's room and the doctor's office or in an annex. At the gym, dressing rooms and showers for boys and girls are equipped with clothes hangers.

The areas of sports halls are accepted: 9x18 m, 12x24 m and 18x30 m with a height of at least 6 meters. The size and number of sports halls are recommended to be established from among the parallels in the school: if there are 2 parallels, 2 halls 9x18 and 12x24 m; 3 or more parallels - 2 halls 12x24 and, starting from 4, an additional hall 18x30 m. The total area of ​​sports halls in general education schools is taken at the rate of at least 0.9 m2 per 1 student. At sports halls, equipment rooms with an area of ​​​​16-32 m2 should be provided, depending on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe gym; dressing rooms for boys and girls with an area of ​​10.5 m2 each; showers with an area of ​​9 m2 each; latrines for girls and boys with an area of ​​8 m2 each; room for the instructor. Students are allowed to the gym only in tracksuits, sports shoes. In the course of the implementation of the educational process, the necessary volume (at least 6 hours per week) of children's motor activity should be provided, which allows them to satisfy their natural need for movement.

Hygienic requirements for the microclimate and lighting of sports halls

The temperature regime depends on climatic conditions and is 15-17°C in sports halls and rooms for sectional classes, 19-23°C in the locker room of the gym, and 25°C in showers at a relative air humidity of 40-60 %.

Physical education lessons should be held in well-aerated halls. To do this, it is necessary to open one or two windows on the leeward side during classes in the hall at an outdoor temperature above + 5 ° C and a light wind. At lower temperatures and higher air speeds, classes in the hall are held with open transoms, and cross-ventilation is carried out during breaks in the absence of students. When the air temperature in the room reaches 15-14 ° C, the ventilation of the hall should be stopped.

Exhaust ventilation is installed in toilet rooms and showers at sports halls. Exhaust ventilation grilles should be cleaned of dust every month.

Premises intended for conducting physical education lessons should have natural lighting. Without natural lighting, it is allowed to design equipment, washrooms, showers, latrines at the gym, showers and latrines for personnel, storerooms and storage facilities.

In sports halls, normalized levels of illumination and indicators of lighting quality (discomfort indicator and pulsation coefficient of illumination) are provided in accordance with hygienic requirements for natural and artificial lighting, predominantly fluorescent lighting is provided using LB, LHB, LEC lamps. The use of incandescent lamps is allowed (in this case, the illumination standards are reduced by 2 steps of the illumination scale). The lowest level of illumination should correspond to in sports halls (on the floor): with fluorescent lamps - 200 lux (13 W / sq.m), with incandescent lamps - 100 lux (32 W / sq.m).

Do not use fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps at the same time in the gym.

Requirements for the sanitary condition and maintenance of the gym

The gym before the start of classes, after each lesson and at the end of the working day should be thoroughly ventilated.

Wet cleaning of the gym should be carried out at least twice a day. Cleaning equipment (buckets, rags, brushes) should be allocated in accordance with the purpose of the premises: gym, shower room, etc., and stored in a specially designated place. Toilet cleaning equipment should be marked (bright red) and stored separately. Sanitary facilities are washed with detergents and disinfectants. Disinfectant detergents, as well as prepared working solutions, are stored in a specially designated place, inaccessible to children.

The presence of a protective fence for windows and lamps from ball strikes. Window glass and lamps must be protected from ball hits by a net.

The presence of fencing batteries and pipelines of the heating system with mesh or wooden shields, as well as fencing the protruding parts of the building structures along the perimeter of the hall with wooden panels to a height of at least 1.8 meters. The floor of the sports hall must be resilient, without cracks and ridges, have a flat, horizontal and non-slip surface, painted with emulsion or silicate paint. Condition of dressing rooms. Dressing rooms should be equipped with wardrobes or coat hooks and benches. Dressing rooms for girls and boys should be equipped with toilets and showers equipped with individual cold and hot water mixers, wooden grates for washing, and shelves for toiletries. The floors of showers, toilets and washrooms should be lined with polished ceramic or mosaic tiles. Cement, marble or similar materials should not be used.

2.2. Hygienic assessment organization of physical education lessons

Performing exercises by students in sportswear and under temperature conditions that ensure hardening of the body. When conducting skiing classes (lessons, excursions, hiking, competitions), it is necessary to take into account the air temperature and weather conditions (wind, snowfall) For students in grades 1-4, the temperature limit is -17 degrees (in the absence of wind) and -10 degrees wind) For students in grades 5-11, respectively -20 degrees and -13 degrees. Correspondence of the content of the lesson and the magnitude of the load to the state of health, physical fitness, age and gender of students. Methodically correct construction with the allocation of individual structural parts, the creation of optimal motor density of the lesson and physiological load. Compliance with the sequence of classes, their correct combination with other lessons in the schedule of the school day and week.

The schedule of lessons is built taking into account the course of the daily and weekly curve of the mental performance of students. When scheduling lessons, it is necessary to alternate during the day and week for students of the I stage the main subjects with lessons of music, fine arts, labor, physical education, and for students of the II and III stages of education - subjects of the natural-mathematical and humanitarian cycles. In the curriculum of physical education, it is undesirable to carry out in the first and last hours of the school day. In the weekly schedule, it is preferable to include them on the days when the working capacity of children begins to decline (Wednesday, Thursday).

There are no double lessons in the elementary grades. For students in grades 5-9, dual lessons are allowed for laboratory, test work, labor lessons, physical education for the intended purpose (skiing, swimming). Double lessons in basic and profile subjects for students in grades 5-9 may be allowed provided that they are carried out after a physical education lesson or a dynamic pause of at least 30 minutes.

In grades 10-11, double lessons are allowed in all subjects, except for physical education (with the exception of ski training or swimming).

Depending on the state of health and physical fitness for physical education, children are divided into three medical groups - basic, preparatory and special.

The recruitment of a special group (group of physical rehabilitation - GFR) has a number of features. It should be carried out every school year anew based on the age, indicators of physical fitness, health status of children. The lists of groups are compiled by the end of the school year according to the data of medical examinations conducted in April - May of the current year, they are endorsed by the school doctor and the seal of the children's medical institution.

Basic - Children without deviations in health status or with minor deviations with sufficient physical development and physical fitness. Classes in the curriculum of physical culture in full; classes in the sports section; participation in competitions and tests according to age.

Preparatory - Children with insufficient physical development, poorly prepared, without deviations or with minor deviations in health. Classes in the curriculum in full, classes in the section of general physical education. In the absence of contraindications, test trials are allowed.

Special - "A" (GFR "1") - children with deviations in the state of health of a permanent or temporary nature, requiring restriction of physical activity, admitted to the implementation of educational and educational work GFR "2" - children - convalescents of any acute diseases or after exacerbations chronic diseases. Physical education classes according to special curricula approved by the director of the school and agreed with the health authorities (exercise therapy room, medical and sports dispensary, etc.)

"B" - children with significant deviations in the state of health of a permanent or temporary nature, serious chronic diseases that require a significant limitation of physical activity, admitted to theoretical classes and classes for the rehabilitation of their own health. Classes are held in the exercise therapy rooms of a local clinic or a medical and sports dispensary; Private lessons are available in consultation with the attending physician

Subgroup "1" - children previously assigned to special group "A", having 3 or more functional changes in the body or chronic diseases in the stage of complete clinical remission, in need of rehabilitation treatment with contraindications to increased physical activity. Occupancy is 5-7 people, the duration of stay in this group is from 0.5 years or more. Transfer to the preparatory group from this subgroup is carried out after a clinical examination in the clinic and the permission of the local pediatrician.

Subgroup "2" - children - convalescents (recovering) of any acute diseases or after exacerbations of chronic diseases. Children who have had any acute illness or exacerbation of a chronic illness are maladjusted to the school regime and physical activity. Until now, most of these children were exempted from physical education classes at school for periods ranging from several weeks to several months, and then began classes according to the preparatory program, and more often the main group, which negatively affected their health.

The formation of this subgroup depends on seasonal factors, the incidence rate and other reasons. Subgroup "B" at different times can consist of 2 to

12-15 people. The average stay is from 14 to 22 days, the transfer to the preparatory or main group is carried out jointly by a doctor and a physical education teacher.

Special - "A" (GFR "1") - children who have deviations in the state of health of a permanent or temporary nature, requiring restriction of physical activity, admitted to the implementation of educational and educational work by the GFR "2" - children who are convalescents of any acute diseases or after exacerbations of chronic diseases. "B" - children with significant deviations in the state of health of a permanent or temporary nature, serious chronic diseases that require a significant limitation of physical activity, admitted to theoretical classes and classes for the rehabilitation of their own health

Physical education classes according to special curricula approved by the director of the school and agreed with the health authorities (exercise therapy room, medical and sports dispensary, etc.)

Classes are held in the exercise therapy rooms of a local clinic or a medical and sports dispensary; Private lessons are available in consultation with the attending physician

131. (+132) Requirements for the placement of educational institutions

2.1.1. The buildings of educational institutions are located on the intra-quarter territories of the microdistrict, remote from inter-quarter passages with regular traffic at a distance of 100-170 m.

2.1.2. The location of educational institutions on intra-block passages with periodic (irregular) traffic is permissible only if the minimum gap from the border of the institution's site to the passage is increased from 15 to 25 m.

2.1.4. The distance from the facilities for storing cars to educational institutions is determined by sanitary rules that establish the size of sanitary protection zones and the sanitary classification of objects.

2.1.6. The service radius from home to educational institutions located in II and III building and climatic zones is provided for no more than 0.5 km of walking distance: in 1 climatic region (I subzone) for students of I and II levels of education - 0.3 km, for students of the III stage - 0.4 km; in the climatic region (II subzone) for students of the I and II stages of education - 0.4 km, for students of the III stage - 0.5 km. It is allowed to place educational institutions at a distance of transport accessibility: for students of the I stage of education - 15 minutes (one way), for students of the II and III stages - no more than 50 minutes (one way).

2.1.7. In rural areas, the placement of general educational institutions should provide for students of the 1st stage of education an accessibility radius of no more than 2 km on foot and no more than 15 minutes. (one way) for transport services. For students of II and III levels of education, the radius of walking distance should not exceed 4 km, and for transport services - no more than 30 minutes. The maximum radius of service for students of II - III steps should not exceed 15 km.

2.1.8. Students of rural educational institutions living at a distance of more than 1 km from the institution are subject to transport services. The transportation of students is carried out by transport intended for the transportation of children.

The maximum pedestrian approach of students to the gathering place at the bus stop should be no more than 500 m.

The stop for transport is equipped with a canopy, fenced on 3 sides, protected by a barrier from the carriageway, has a hard surface and visibility of at least 250 m from the side of the road.

For a general education institution, an independent land plot is provided with a distance of at least 25 m from the building of the institution to the red line.

2.2.3. The territory of the site is fenced with a 1.5 m high fence and green spaces along it.

2.2.4. Landscaping of the site is provided at the rate of at least 50% of the area of ​​its territory. In order to prevent the occurrence of poisoning during the landscaping of the site, no trees and shrubs with poisonous fruits are planted.

2.2.5. The following zones are allocated on the land plot: educational and experimental, physical culture and sports, recreation, economic.

2.2.6. The training and experimental zone is no more than 25% of the site area. In urban institutions, it can be reduced through the construction of pavilions, greenhouses and greenhouses on the site, organically connected with the complex of biology and chemistry classrooms.

2.2.7. The physical culture and sports zone is located at a distance of at least 25 m from the building of the institution, behind a strip of green spaces. It should not be placed on the side of the windows of the classrooms. The equipment of the sports zone should ensure the implementation of training programs in physical education, as well as the holding of sectional sports and recreational activities.

Sports and playgrounds have a hard surface, a football field - a grass cover. Classes on damp areas with bumps and potholes are not held.

2.2.8. The recreation area is located near the garden, green spaces, away from the sports and economic zones. It includes playgrounds for outdoor games and quiet recreation.

Playgrounds for outdoor games and recreation are located near the exits of the building (for maximum use during breaks) and are divided for students of each level of education.

2.2.9. The economic zone is located on the side of the entrance to the production premises of the canteen (buffet) on the border of the site at a distance of at least 35 m from the building of the educational institution, is fenced with green spaces and has an independent entrance from the street.

In the absence of heating and centralized water supply on the territory of the economic zone, a boiler room and a pump house with a water tank are provided.

Garbage bins are provided with tight-fitting lids. They should be installed on a concrete platform at a distance of at least 25 m from the windows and the entrance to the dining room (buffet).

2.2.10. Entrances and entrances to the site, driveways, paths to outbuildings, to sites for garbage collectors, and in rural institutions without sewerage - to yard latrines are covered with asphalt, concrete, and other hard surfaces. Approaches to the building of the institution at least 100 m away also have a hard surface.

2.2.11. The site of the institution has outdoor lighting at the norm of illumination on the ground - 10 lux.

2.2.12. The land plots of rural educational institutions can be expanded through the construction of greenhouses, greenhouses, conservatories, storage facilities for small-sized agricultural machinery, gardening equipment, etc.

133. (+132) Requirements for the site

2.1.1. The choice of land plots for the construction of a preschool educational institution, building designs, linking projects (including reconstruction and re-profiling) are allowed if there is a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on compliance with sanitary rules and regulations.

2.1.2. Preschool educational institutions should be placed in microdistricts on separate land plots, remote from main streets, utilities and industrial enterprises, garages. The main engineering communications of urban (rural) purposes (water supply, sewerage, heat supply, electricity supply) should not pass through the territory of the preschool educational institution. The distances from the territory of the preschool educational institution to industrial, municipal, agricultural facilities, transport roads and highways are determined in accordance with the requirements for the planning and development of cities, towns and rural settlements.

During the construction of preschool educational institutions, the radius of their pedestrian accessibility should be taken into account: in cities - no more than 300 m, in rural settlements and small towns of one- and two-story buildings - no more than 500 m.

According to the conditions of aeration, PEI sites in all climatic regions are placed in the zone of reduced speeds of the prevailing wind flows, aerodynamic shadow.

The noise level at the site for a newly built preschool educational institution should not exceed 60 dBA.

2.1.3. The territory of the site is fenced with a fence with a height of at least 1.6 m and a strip of green spaces.

2.1.4. The territory of the land plot must have outdoor electric lighting. The level of artificial illumination of the site is at least 10 lux on the ground.

2.1.5. The area of ​​the land plot for newly constructed preschool educational institutions with a separate building is taken at the rate of 40 m2 per 1 place, with a capacity of up to 100 places - 35 m2 per 1 place; for the built-in preschool building with a capacity of more than 100 seats - at least 29 square meters per 1 seat.

2.1.6. The following functional zones are distinguished on the land plot:

Building zone;

Play area;

Economic zone.

2.1.7. The development zone includes the main building of the preschool educational institution, which is located within the boundaries of the site. The location on the site of foreign institutions, buildings and structures that are not functionally related to the preschool educational institution is not allowed.

2.1.8. Preschool buildings are designed separately. With crowded multi-storey buildings in cities, as well as during the construction of pre-school educational institutions in new cities, it is allowed to add a building with a capacity of up to 140 places to residential buildings if there is a separately fenced area with an independent entrance and exit (entrance). The building of the preschool educational institution should be fenced off from the residential building with a main wall.

2.1.10. The play area includes:

Group playgrounds - individual for each group - at the rate of at least 7.2 square meters per 1 toddler and at least 9.0 square meters per 1 preschool child;

General sports ground.

2.1.11. Group sites are connected by a circular path 1.5 m wide around the perimeter of the site (for cycling, skiing, learning the rules of the road). The coverage of the sites should be provided for: grass, compacted soil, dust-free, in areas of the first building-climatic zone (with permafrost soils) - plank.

2.1.12. To protect children from the sun and precipitation, a shady canopy with an area of ​​at least 40 m2 is installed on the territory of each group playground.

2.1.13. Playgrounds for preschool groups are equipped taking into account the high activity of children in games - horizontal bars, gymnastic walls, slides, ladders, swings, labyrinths, large building sets.

It is allowed to install mass-produced or custom-made stationary gaming equipment. It must correspond to the age and height of children, and have a document confirming its quality and safety.

2.1.14. The landscaping area of ​​the territory of the preschool educational institution should be at least 50%.

The landscaping area includes protective strips from dust, noise, wind, etc. between the elements of the site, providing sanitary breaks;

At least 3 m between group sites, between group and sports grounds;

At least 6 m between the group and economic sites, between the general sports and economic sites;

At least 2 m between the fence of the site and group or common sports grounds.

Group sites are fenced with shrubs.

A green protective strip of trees and shrubs with a width of at least 1.5 m is arranged along the perimeter of the site, at least 6 m from the side of the street. Trees are planted at a distance of at least 15 m, shrubs - 5 m from the preschool educational institution.

2.1.15. The general sports ground consists of:

Zones with equipment for outdoor games;

Areas with gymnastic equipment and sports equipment;

running track;

Pits for jumping;

Obstacle lanes.

In a preschool educational institution with a capacity of up to 150 seats, one sports ground with a size of at least 250 square meters is equipped, with a capacity of more than 150 seats - two sites with a size of 150 square meters and 250 square meters.

2.1.16. Every year, in the spring, a complete change of sand is carried out on the playgrounds, which has a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion. Sandboxes are closed at night with lids. In the warm season, once a month, the sand is examined for the degree of biological contamination. If pathogens of intestinal infections, helminthiases and other impurities that are dangerous to the health of children are found, the sand is changed.

2.1.17. The economic zone is located on the border of the land plot away from group and sports grounds, isolated from the rest of the territory with green spaces. It has an independent entrance from the street, convenient connection with the catering unit and laundry.

2.1.19. In the economic zone, a site for collecting garbage and food waste is equipped. Separate marked containers with lids are installed on a hard-surface site. The dimensions of the site should exceed the base area of ​​the containers by 1.0 m in all directions. It is allowed to use other special closed structures for collecting garbage and food waste.

2.1.22. Entrances and entrances to the territory of the preschool educational institution, driveways, paths to outbuildings, to the container site for collecting garbage are covered with asphalt, concrete or other hard surface.

134 Preschool building includes:

Group cells - isolated rooms belonging to each children's group;

Specialized rooms for classes with children, designed for alternate use by all or several children's groups;

Associated premises (medical, catering, laundry);

Office and amenity premises for staff.

2.2.3. Preschool buildings should not exceed 2 floors. In large cities, due to the density of buildings and lack of space, in agreement with the Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision, a building height of 3 floors is allowed. On the 3rd floor it is allowed to have group cells only for children of older age groups, halls and other specialized rooms for working with children, office and recreational premises. Group cells for toddlers are located on the 1st floor, for children 2 years and older, a group cell is allowed on the 2nd floor.

2.2.4. All the main premises of the preschool educational institution are located on the ground floors. It is not allowed to place premises for children and medical facilities in the basement and basement floors of preschool buildings. The use of the premises of the basement and basement floors must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of building codes and regulations and taking into account the height of groundwater.

2.2.6. The height from floor to ceiling of the main premises of the preschool educational institution is at least 3 m.

2.2.8. In the planning structure of preschool educational institutions, the principle of group isolation must be observed. Group cells for toddlers must have an independent entrance from the site. A common entrance with a common staircase is allowed for children of nursery groups located on the 2nd floor, for preschool children - no more than 4 groups, regardless of their location in the preschool building.

2.2.9. The structure of the group cell includes: a dressing room (reception for toddlers), a group (playroom), a bedroom, a pantry, a toilet. In the reception room for toddlers up to a year, a place is allocated for undressing parents and feeding babies by mothers; the bedroom in these groups should be divided into 2 zones by a glazed partition.

2.2.10. Areas of premises of a group cell:

Dressing room (reception) - with an area of ​​at least 18 sq. m;

Group (playing) - with an area of ​​​​at least 50 square meters (for nursery groups at the rate of at least 2.5 square meters per 1 child, in preschool groups at least 2.0 square meters);

Buffet room - with an area of ​​at least 3.8 sq. m;

Bedroom - with an area of ​​at least 50 square meters (for nursery groups at the rate of at least 1.8 square meters per 1 child, for preschoolers - at least 2.0 square meters). *

Toilet - with an area of ​​at least 16 square meters (for nursery groups at the rate of at least 0.8 square meters per 1 child).

A special storage room should be provided for storing strollers, sledges, bicycles, skis, toys used on the territory.

2.2.11. Meals for children are organized in a group room.

For washing dishes in the pantry is equipped with a 3-hole sink with cold and hot water supply. A 2-cell sink is allowed in preschool educational institutions built according to old standard designs.

2.2.13. To limit the overheating of the premises, it is necessary to provide for sun protection when organizing windows for group, playrooms, bedrooms, halls, isolation chambers, kitchens, procurement and pre-preparation shops facing azimuths of 200-275 ° for areas south of 60-45 ° N.l. and at azimuths 91-230° for areas south of 45° N. latitude.

2.2.15. Windows in each group room must be equipped with hinged transoms with lever devices (at least 50% of the windows) or vents and used to organize ventilation in all seasons of the year. The ratio of the transom area to the floor area is 1:50. The outer part of the transoms should open from the bottom, and the inner part - from the top.

2.2.17. Toilet facilities are divided into a wash area and a sanitary unit area. In the washroom area, children's washbasins and a shower tray fenced with a transformable fence with access to it from 3 sides for hardening procedures are placed. Toilets are placed in the area of ​​sanitary facilities.

For children of younger preschool age, the installation height of washbasins from the floor to the side of the appliance is 0.4 m, for children of middle and older preschool age - 0.5 m, for a shower tray (with a height of the shower screen above the bottom of the tray 1.6 m) - 0.3 m. The toilet for toddlers is equipped in one room, where they are installed: 3 washbasins with hot and cold water for children, 1 washbasin for staff, a cabinet for pots and a drain for processing them, a children's bath, a utility closet .

In the senior and preparatory groups - 4 children and 1 washbasin for adults, 4 children's toilet bowls, 1 heated towel rail. Children's toilets are equipped with lockable cabins without constipation. The size of the cabin for a children's toilet is 1.0 x 0.75 m, the height of the cabin fencing is 1.2 m (from the floor), not reaching the floor level by 0.15 m.

In preschools built according to old designs, a medical unit is allowed, consisting of a medical office and an isolation ward.

2.3.1. The walls of the premises of the preschool educational institution must be smooth and have a finish that allows for wet cleaning and disinfection. They are painted with paints or use other finishing materials that have a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion.

2.3.4. For finishing ceilings in rooms with normal use, chalk or lime whitewash is used. The use of water-based paint is allowed.

2.3.5. The floors of the premises must be smooth, non-slip, tightly fitted, without cracks and defects; skirting boards - fit snugly to the walls and floor.

2.4.2. Reception and dressing rooms are equipped with wardrobes for outerwear for children and staff.

In the dressing room, a special rack is installed for toys used on a walk.

2.4.4. In group rooms for children 1.5 years and older, tables and chairs are set according to the number of children in groups: 4-seater tables - for children of younger and middle groups, 2-seater tables with a changing tilt of the cover up to 30 ° - for children of older and preparatory groups.

Selection of furniture for children should be carried out taking into account anthropometric indicators

2.4.7. When equipping a group, the following requirements are observed:

Tables for classes are installed near a light-bearing wall with mandatory left-sided lighting of the workplace,

For left-handed children, individual workplaces are organized with right-hand lighting of the workplace;

Quadruple tables are set in no more than 2 rows;

Double tables - no more than 3 rows;

Distance between rows of tables - not less than 0.5 m;

The distance of the first row of tables from the light-bearing wall is 1 m;

The distance from the first tables to the wall board is 2.5-3 m (viewing angle should be at least 45°).

The size of the wall board is 0.75-1.5 m, the height of the lower edge of the wall board above the floor is 0.7-0.8 m

In the classroom, children are seated taking into account the state of health, vision and hearing. Children suffering from frequent colds should be seated away from windows and doors, children with hearing loss and myopia - at the first tables corresponding to their height.

2.4.13. Bedrooms are equipped with fixed beds. Beds for children under 3 years old must have:

Length - 120 cm;

Width - 60 cm;

The height of the fence from the floor - 95 cm;

A bed with a variable height from the floor - at the level of 30 cm and 50 cm.

2.4. 14. The length of the bed for children aged 3-7 years is 140 cm, width - 60 cm and height - 30 cm. In order to avoid injury to children, stationary bunk beds are not used.

2.4.15. The beds are arranged in compliance with the minimum gaps: between the long sides of the beds - 0.65 m, from the outer walls - 0.6 m, from the heaters - 0.2 m, between the headboards of two beds - 0.3

2.5.1. The main premises of the preschool educational institution should have natural light.

The value of the coefficient of natural illumination (KEO) in group rooms, bedrooms, medical room, isolation wards, rooms for music and physical education, in a computer class - not less than 1.5%, in the locker room - not less than 1.0%.

2.5.5. Broad-leaved flowers that reduce the level of natural light should not be placed on window sills. The height of the flowers should not exceed 15 cm (from the windowsill). Flowers are recommended to be placed in hanging (on the wall) or floor flower beds 65-70 cm high from the floor and in the corners of nature.

2.5.7. Sources of artificial lighting should provide sufficient and uniform illumination of all rooms. The advantage is fluorescent lighting. Group (game) 300.

2.3.1. The number of students should not exceed the capacity of the general educational institution provided for by the project according to which the building was built or adapted. The capacity of newly built urban general educational institutions should not exceed 1000 people, rural small-scale institutions for the I stage of education - 80 people, I and II levels - 250 people, I, II and III levels - 500 people.

Each class should not exceed 25 people.

2.3.2. Educational premises are not located in the basement and basement floors of the building.

2.3.3. The number of storeys of the building of a general educational institution should not exceed 3 floors. In conditions of dense urban development, the construction of institutions with a height of 4 floors is allowed.

When placing educational institutions in previously built 4-5-storey buildings, the fourth and fifth floors must be allocated for rarely visited by students.

2.3.5. Wardrobes are located on the 1st floor with the obligatory equipment of cells for each class.

Wardrobes are equipped with hangers for clothes and cells for shoes. Wardrobes should not be arranged in educational premises and recreation.

2.3.7. The set of premises creates conditions for the study of compulsory academic disciplines (taking into account national and regional specifics), as well as additional subjects at the choice of students in accordance with their interests and differentiation in areas for in-depth study of one, two or three subjects. Classrooms should not be located near premises that are sources of noise and odors (workshops, sports and assembly halls, catering facilities).

2.3.8. Students of the first stage are taught in the classrooms assigned to each class, allocated in a separate block.

2.3.9. For students of II-III levels, it is allowed to organize the educational process according to the class-room system in any floors of the building, except for the basement and basement.

2.3.10. Educational premises include: a working area (placement of study tables for students), a teacher's working area, additional space for placing educational visual aids, technical teaching aids (TUT), an area for individual studies of students and possible vigorous activity.

2.3.11. The area of ​​the cabinets is taken at the rate of 2.5 sq. m per 1 student in frontal forms of classes, 3.5 sq.m - in group forms of work and individual lessons.

2.3.12. The area and use of computer science rooms must comply with the hygienic requirements for video display terminals, personal electronic computers and work organization.

2.3.13. The optimal dimensions of the students' working area depend on the visibility angle (associated with the distance from the board to the first side rows-desks). It should be at least 35 degrees for students of II-III levels and at least 45 degrees for students of 6-7 years old.

2.3.14. For each classroom or group of 2-3 classrooms, a laboratory assistant is organized (the presence of a laboratory assistant is obligatory in the classrooms of chemistry, physics, biology, computer science).

2.3.17. The gym should be located on the 1st floor in the annex. Its size provides for the implementation of a full program of physical education and the possibility of extracurricular sports activities. The number and types of sports halls are provided depending on the type of educational institution and its capacity.

The areas of sports halls are accepted as 9x18 m, 12x24 m, 18x30 m with a height of at least 6 m.

Sports halls should be provided with equipment rooms with an area of ​​16-32 sq.m, depending on the area of ​​the gym; dressing rooms for boys and girls, each with an area of ​​10.5 sq.m; showers, 9 sq. m each; latrines for girls and boys, with an area of ​​8 sq. m each; room for the instructor, with an area of ​​9 sq.m.

The composition of the premises for physical culture and sports purposes must include a room (zone) equipped with training devices, as well as, if possible, a swimming pool.

2.3.18. The dimensions of the assembly hall are determined by the number of seats at the rate of 0.65 sq. m per place and 60% of the total number of students of the institution. At the assembly hall, artistic latrines are provided, with an area of ​​​​at least 10 square meters. m each, a film projection room with an area of ​​27 sq.m, a warehouse for scenery and props, musical instruments with an area of ​​10 sq.m, a warehouse for storing costumes with an area of ​​10 sq.m.

2.3.19. In institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, gymnasiums and lyceums, a lecture audience should be provided. Its dimensions are set according to the capacity of the age parallel of students in it, consisting of no more than 3 classes, at the rate of 1 sq.m per place.

2.3.20. The type of library depends on the type of educational institution and its capacity.

The area of ​​the library - information center must be taken at the rate of at least 0.6 sq.m per student.

The following zones are provided in the library premises: reading places, an information point (issuing and receiving literature), places for working with catalogs, open access funds, closed storage funds, an area with booths for individual studies with TCO and boxes for storing mobile carts.

2.3.22. The medical center of a general educational institution includes the following premises: a doctor's office with a length of at least 7 m (to determine the acuity of hearing and vision of students), an area of ​​at least 14 sq.m; a dentist's office, with an area of ​​12 sq.m, equipped with a fume hood; treatment room, area 14 sq.m; psychologist's office, area 10 sq.m.

The clinic has its own bathroom.

2.3.23. On each floor there should be sanitary facilities for boys and girls, equipped with cabins with doors without locks. The number of sanitary appliances is determined at the rate of 1 toilet bowl for 20 girls, 1 wash basin for 30 girls, 1 toilet bowl, 0.5 trough urinal and 1 wash basin for 30 boys. The area of ​​sanitary facilities for boys and girls should be taken at the rate of at least 0.1 sq. m per student. There is a separate bathroom for staff. For students of the II and III levels of education, personal hygiene rooms for girls are organized at the rate of 1 cabin for 70 people, with an area of ​​​​at least 3 square meters. m.

Entrances to bathrooms should not be located opposite the entrance to the classroom or in close proximity to them.

2.3.24. In the premises of primary classes, laboratories, classrooms, workshops, medical facilities, teachers' room, technical staff room, wash basins must be installed.

2.4. Requirements for premises and equipment of educational institutions

2.4.1. Depending on the purpose of the classrooms, student tables (single and double), classroom, drawing or laboratory tables can be used. The table arrangement is usually three-row, but two-row or single-row (interlocked) table arrangements are possible.

2.4.2. Each student is provided with a comfortable workplace at a desk or table in accordance with his height and the state of sight and hearing. For the selection of furniture according to the growth of students, its color marking is made. Stools or benches are not used instead of chairs.

Desks (tables) are placed in classrooms by numbers: smaller ones are closer to the blackboard, larger ones are farther away. For children with impaired hearing and vision, desks, regardless of their number, are placed first, and students with reduced visual acuity should be placed in the first row from the windows.

Children who often suffer from acute respiratory infections, tonsillitis, colds should be seated further from the outer wall.

2.4.3. When equipping classrooms, the following dimensions of aisles and distances between pieces of equipment in cm are observed:

Between the rows of double tables - at least 60;

Between a row of tables and an outer longitudinal wall - at least 50-70;

Between a row of tables and an internal longitudinal wall (partition) or cabinets along this wall - at least 50 - 70;

From the last tables to the wall (partition) opposite the blackboard - at least 70, from the back wall, which is external,

From the first desk to the training board - 2.4 - 2.7 m;

The greatest distance of the last place of the student from the educational board - 860;

The height of the lower edge of the training board above the floor is 80-90;

The angle of visibility of the board (from the edge of the board 3 m long to the middle of the extreme place of the student at the front table) must be at least 35 degrees for students of levels II-III and at least 45 degrees for children 6-7 years old.

In the classrooms of physics and chemistry, double student laboratory tables (with and without a superstructure) are installed with power supply, compressed air (physics laboratory). The chemistry laboratory is equipped with fume hoods located at the outer wall near the teacher's table.

2.4.7. In the workshops for labor training, the placement of equipment is carried out taking into account the creation of favorable conditions for visual work, maintaining the correct working posture and preventing injuries. Carpentry workshops are equipped with workbenches placed either at an angle of 45 degrees to the window, or in 3 rows perpendicular to the light-bearing wall so that the light falls on the left, the distance between them should be at least 80 cm in the front-to-back direction. In locksmith workshops, both left-handed and right-handed lighting is allowed with a perpendicular arrangement of workbenches to the light-bearing wall. The distance between the rows of single workbenches is at least 1.0 m, double - 1.5 m. The vise is attached to the workbenches at a distance of 0.9 m between their axes. Locksmith workbenches should be equipped with a safety net, 0.65 - 0.7 m high. Drilling, grinding and other machines should be installed on a special foundation and equipped with safety nets, glass and local lighting. Tools used for carpentry and locksmith work must be age appropriate for students. Washbasins and electric towels are installed in locksmith and carpentry workshops and service work rooms. In each office (workshop) for first aid should be first aid kits. All work is performed by students in special clothes (robe, apron, beret, scarf). Protective goggles must be worn when performing work that poses a risk of injury to the eyes.