Nouns are divided into three types according to the type of declension:
- Feminine nouns ending in -а, -я (earth);
- Masculine nouns with zero ending, neuter nouns with ending -о, -е (house, field);
- Null feminine nouns (mouse).
In Russian, a special group is made up of heterogeneous nouns: burden, crown, flame, udder, banner, tribe, stirrup, time, name, path.
A significant group of nouns does not change in gender and number, they are called indeclinable; depot, foyer, aloe, coffee, coat, attache and others.
Adjectives change by gender, number and case in the singular. In the plural, the case endings of adjectives of all three genders are the same: new tables, books, pens.
There are certain rules for declension and numerals. For example, the numeral one is declined as an adjective in the singular, and the numeral two, three, four have special case forms that are similar to the endings of plural adjectives.
Numerals from five to ten and numerals -twenty and -ten decline according to the third declension of nouns.
The numerals forty, ninety have two case forms: forty and ninety.
For numerals two hundred, three hundred, four hundred, and for all numerals, both parts are inclined to -hundred.
Names of many paired items: trousers- trousers, jeans- jeans, shorts- shorts, pajamas- pajamas, tights- tights, scissors- scissors, glasses- glasses.
I need the scissors. Where are they?
What color are your new trousers?
9 . The following nouns (although they don't end in -s): people- people,
youth- young people, police- police
Police are at the door.
Plural of compound nouns
10. In compound nouns, the main word takes the plural form:
custom-house customs custom- houses
mother-in-law mothers–in law
passer-by passengers-by
If the first word is word man or woman, then both words take the form
plural:
man-servant men-servants
woman doctor women doctors
Compound nouns that are written together form the plural
from the second word:
schoolboy student school boys
postman postman post men
Demonstrative pronouns - this (these), that (those)
Demonstrative pronouns are used to indicate the location of objects and people in a place. Pronouns are used to indicate close objects:
this with singular nouns and these with plural nouns. Objects that are far away from you are indicated by pronouns that with singular nouns and those with plural nouns
Demonstrative pronouns can perform the functions of a subject (who? what?) and a definition (which one?) in a sentence.
Compare: This is a table. This – table.
This table is small. Thistable- little.
Separating question (+,-) That is a book, isn't it?
These are desks, aren't they?
Special question (wh-q)Whatisthat?
What book is that (it)?
What kind of desks are these (they)?
On this page you can get acquainted with the plural of nouns in English:
- proper nouns
- countable nouns
- rules for the formation of the plural of nouns
- exceptions to the rules (plural of irregular nouns)
Definition
Noun is a word that names a person or thing. We have underlined nouns in the following examples.
proper names
The names of specific people or things are called proper names. In English, proper nouns are capitalized. We have underlined proper names in the following examples.
Countable nouns
countable nouns nouns are called, denoting objects that can be counted, i.e. they can be pluralized. In the singular form before them a, an(an article indicating that the subject one) or a number indicating the number of items, if there are more than one. We have underlined countable nouns in the following examples.
| Example: | A bus is at the bus stop | The bus is at the stop |
| Do you have an umbrella? | Do you have an umbrella ? | |
| Here are two books | Here are two books | |
| Twenty students are present | Twenty students are present |
Plural Formation of Nouns
In general, when a countable noun refers to two or more things, it must be plural. In English, most nouns are pluralized by adding an ending s.
Verb agreement
We draw your attention to the fact that the verb must be in the same form regarding its person and number as the noun. When the subject names one object, i.e. stands in the singular form, the verb must be in the form of the 3rd person singular, i.e. corresponding to personal pronouns he, she And it.When the subject names several objects, i.e. is in the plural form, the verb must be in the 3rd person plural form, i.e. corresponding to personal pronoun they. In the following examples, we have highlighted the verbs in bold type and underlined the corresponding nouns that name the object or objects.
| Example: |
Subject in the singular |
Plural subject : |
|
The book is interesting The book is interesting |
The books are interesting Books are interesting |
|
|
one student lives here One student lives here |
three students live here Three students live here |
