Concrete (a mixture of cement, sand, crushed stone or other filler with water) is a versatile building material used for organizing foundations, leveling surfaces (filling floors and creating screeds) and erecting load-bearing structures. Since this material has different technical characteristics, it can be successfully used in a wide temperature range and at different humidity. Construction concrete can be ordered at specialized enterprises, made manually or using small-scale mechanization, but in any case, the composition of the material must fully meet the objectives.
To accurately plan the timing of concreting work and determine the amount of material required, it is necessary to carry out the necessary calculations and determine the required volume.
Calculation of the required amount of concrete
Since most of the created concrete structures have a complex geometric shape, the calculation of their volume can be facilitated by breaking down the entire structure into simpler parts. This method ensures the speed of the calculation. In the presence of reinforcing elements, which usually make up 5–10% of the total volume of the fill, this error can be ignored and attributed to assembly losses.
How to calculate the volume of concrete on piles
The columnar foundation is a pile immersed in the soil, or pouring reinforced concrete into pre-drilled wells. This type of foundation is used for the construction of light buildings on heaving soils or with a deep bearing layer and is a popular design due to ease of manufacture and a fairly large savings in building materials. With a round section of the foundations of the columns, the calculation is carried out based on the cross-sectional area according to the formula:
S = 3.14 x R 2 where
R is the column radius;
The result must be multiplied by the height (H) and the number of columns.
So, with a table diameter of 0.2 m, we have a cross section of 3.14 x (0.1 m) 2 \u003d 0.0314 m 2, with its height of 2 m, the required volume of concrete for one product is 0.0628 m 3. Using this technique, you can calculate the volume of concrete for piles of any size.
For piles of square section, the calculation is carried out similarly.
How to calculate the volume of concrete for a strip foundation
The strip foundation has gained wide popularity in country and low-rise construction, as it has good strength characteristics and is easy to install. The volume of any strip foundation can be calculated by knowing the width and height of its strip. Since the foundation tape has a rectangular cross section, it is enough to multiply these indicators to determine its area. To determine the total volume of the foundation, the cross-sectional area is multiplied by the length of the foundation tape.
It should be noted that the height of the foundation strip consists of the depth of the laying and the size of the above-ground part, while the height of the strip foundation must be at least 2 times its width. The total length of the foundation tape means not only the outer perimeter, but also the length of all interior partitions. Since interior partitions are not always load-bearing structures, a lighter foundation is usually arranged under them, having different geometric dimensions, which must be taken into account in the calculations.
So, the total volume of the foundation is the sum of the volumes of its parts with different geometry, each of which is determined by the formula:
V = S x L where:
S is the cross-sectional area of the foundation tape (in meters),
L is the total length of the foundation tape (in meters).
For example, with a uniform section of the foundation tape along the entire length, the volume of concrete required with a tape length of 28 m and a cross section of 0.16 m 2 will be:
V \u003d 28 x 0.16 \u003d 4.48 m 3
If the cross section of the foundation tape is different: 0.2 m 2 for a length of 8 m; 0.16 m 2 for a length of 12 m and 0.25 m 2 for a length of 8 m, then the concrete consumption will be
V \u003d 12 x 0.16 + 8 x 0.2 + 8 x 0.25 \u003d 5.52 m 3.
How to calculate the volume of concrete for a slab foundation
The slab foundation is a reinforced concrete monolith, located under the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe building. This type of foundation is used:
On difficult (floating soils);
In the absence of a basement in the designed room;
When using the slab as a base for the floor of a building.
A foundation of this type exerts a very small (up to 0.1 kg / cm 2) pressure on the soil and has high rigidity, which allows it to withstand multidirectional loads without destruction and cracking. Usually, when forming a slab foundation, stiffeners are used, the volume of which must be taken into account when calculating the amount of concrete required.
The volume of a slab foundation for an object of a simple configuration is determined by the formula:
V = S x H where:
S is the plate area;
H is the plate thickness.
So, with a slab length of 10 m, a width of 5 m and a height of 0.15 m, the volume of concrete required will be
V \u003d 10 x 5 x 0.15 \u003d 7.5 m 3.
If there are stiffeners, their volume is calculated separately.
For example:
V1=0.12; V3=0.15; V2=0.12; V4 \u003d 0.15 m 3.
Adding the results obtained with the volume of the main slab, we obtain the total volume of concrete required:
V \u003d 7.5 + 0.15 + 0.15 + 0.12 + 0.12 \u003d 8.04 m 3.
How to calculate the volume of concrete for pouring the floor
The floor screed is formed to level the coating during further decoration. Depending on the composition of the concrete and the tasks to be solved, the thickness of the screed can be 40 - 100 mm, since a thinner screed is subject to premature destruction and cracking. The screed should be poured at a time, forming a monolith, while a lack of material can adversely affect the quality of the structure, so the calculation of the volume of materials needed must be approached very responsibly. If the screed is laid on a horizontal surface, it is very easy to calculate the amount of material required. It is produced according to the formula:
V = S x H where:
S is the surface area of the screed;
H is the thickness of the screed.
So, with a room area S \u003d 20 m 2 and a screed thickness H \u003d 0.07 m, the required volume of the mixture will be
V \u003d 20 x 0.07 \u003d 1.4 m 3.
The situation is more complicated if the base surface is not horizontal, and the screed has an unequal thickness over the entire area. In this case, it is necessary to operate with average values of the screed thickness, which leads to inaccuracies.
Calculation of the volume of components to create a concrete mix
When carrying out work on concreting objects, it is important to know not only the volume of concrete required, but also the composition of concrete in terms of the volume of components. Calculation is not necessary when ordering a ready-made mixture, at the same time, for making concrete on your own, knowing how to calculate the volume of all components is very important.
Concrete consists of a mixture of cement, crushed stone or other filler, sand and water, so a competent selection of the ratio of all components will ensure the reliability and durability of the manufactured structures. One of the main characteristics of the resulting concrete is the water-cement ratio (W / C), the brand of cement used and the features of the filler, based on these data, you can select the ingredients for the brand of concrete required for the project. All indicators are tabular data and are given below:
| Design grade of concrete | Grade of cement | |
| 400 | 500 | |
| 100 | 1,03 | — |
| 150 | 0,85 | — |
| 200 | 0,69 | 0,79 |
| 250 | 0,57 | 0,65 |
| 300 | 0,53 | 0,61 |
At the construction site, it is not possible to accurately measure all the indicators of the components of the mixture, but using tabular data and making simple calculations, you can provide fairly acceptable results.
The W / C index for design concrete grades depends on the grain size of the crushed stone and the brand of cement used. These data are presented in tables 1 and 2. To obtain fine-grained concrete without the use of crushed stone, the W / C ratio given in table 1 is reduced by 0.1. These tables apply to concretes that harden under normal conditions (air humidity 90 -100% and temperature 15 - 25 ° C). When applying Table 2, attention should be paid to the grain size of the filler, which affects the volume of water used to create the solution.
So, for example, to prepare a mortar of concrete grade M 200 with a degree of mobility of the concrete mixture OK = 5 cm (see Figure 1), with a grain size of crushed stone of 40 mm, the ratio W / C = 0.57 should be used.
The consumption of cement to create 1 m 3 of concrete can be calculated by the formula:
C \u003d W (C / W) where
B - water consumption in liters, which is (according to table 2) 185 l
Thus, the consumption of cement will be
C \u003d 185: 0.57 \u003d 325 kg.
To determine the absolute volume of sand and crushed stone Asm in the composition of the concrete mixture, subtract the volumes of cement and water from a given volume of 1 m 3:
Asm \u003d 1000 - ((C / Yc) + V)
We get the volume of fillers:
Asm \u003d 1000 ((325 / 3.1) + 185) \u003d 1000 - 290 \u003d 710 l
Ap is the absolute volume of sand, determined by the formula:
Ap \u003d (Asm * r) / 100 where:
r - percentage of sand (41%) (table 2).
The value of the Ap indicator is:
Ap \u003d (710 * 41) / 100 \u003d 290 l
Аш - we calculate as the difference between the total volume of aggregates and sand.
Asch \u003d Asm - Ap
The value is:
Asch \u003d 710 - 290 \u003d 420 l
Knowing the density indicators of all components of the mixture, we calculate their weight:
П = АпYп
P \u003d 290 x 2.63 \u003d 763 kg
U = AschYgen.sh
W = 420 x2.6 = 1092 kg
The consumption of materials per 1 m3 will be:
C \u003d 325 kg; B \u003d 185 l; P = 763 kg; W = 1092 kg
The volumetric masses of all ingredients will be:
Yob.b.cm \u003d 185 + 325 + 1092 +763 \u003d 2365 kg / m 3
That is, the ratio of cement, sand, crushed stone is:
1: 2,3: 3,4
Properly selected composition of the concrete mix will allow not only to fully implement the tasks, but also ensure the competent expenditure of funds and saving materials. Be sure to order a concrete mixer of the correct size. Concrete mixer volumes are usually 5 to 10 m².
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The main purpose of reinforced concrete wells is elements of buried structures that are operated above or below the groundwater level in non-aggressive or slightly aggressive environments. Concrete wells are used in industrial, residential and road construction, for the organization of engineering and heating networks, sewer pipelines.
Reinforced concrete wells or elements of wells are typical reinforced concrete products, the manufacture of which is carried out by the KPD 210 plant in strict accordance with GOST 8020-90. Heavy reinforced concrete is used as the material for the wells.
1. Concrete rings Table 1. Concrete rings
| Name | Diameter D, mm | Diameter d, mm | Height h, mm | Thickness, mm | Volume of concrete, cubic meters | Weight, tons | Concrete | Steel, kg | Series |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K-10-10 | 1160 | 1000 | 990 | 80 | 0.27 | 0.68 | B15 | 3,77 | Album RK 2201-82 |
K-10-5 | 1160 | 1000 | 490 | 80 | 0.14 | 0.35 | B15 | 2,06 | Album RK 2201-82 |
K-12-10 | 1410 | 1250 | 990 | 80 | 0.33 | 0.82 | B15 | 4,71 | Album RK 2201-82 |
K-12-5 | 1410 | 1250 | 490 | 80 | 0.17 | 0.42 | B15 | 2,56 | Album RK 2201-82 |
K-15-10 | 1680 | 1500 | 990 | 90 | 0.44 | 1.1 | B15 | 5,57 | Album RK 2201-82 |
K-15-5 | 1680 | 1500 | 490 | 90 | 0.22 | 0.55 | B15 | 3,03 | Album RK 2201-82 |
K-20-5 | 2200 | 2000 | 490 | 100 | 0.33 | 0.82 | B15 | 3,94 | Album RK 2201-82 |
K-7-1.5 | 840 | 700 | 145 | 70 | 0.024 | 0.06 | B15 | 0,64 | Album RK 2201-82 |
K-7-10 | 840 | 700 | 990 | 70 | 0.17 | 0.42 | B15 | 2,62 | Album RK 2201-82 |
K-7-5 | 840 | 700 | 495 | 70 | 0.084 | 0.21 | B15 | 1,53 | Album RK 2201-82 |
COP 7.6 | 840 | 700 | 590 | 70 | 0.3 | 0.25 | B15 | 3 | - |
KS10.18a | 1160 | 1000 | 1790 | 80 | 0.46 | 1.15 | B15 | 25 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
COP10.3 | 1160 | 1000 | 290 | 80 | 0.08 | 0.2 | B15 | 1.96 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
COP10.6 | 1160 | 1000 | 590 | 80 | 0.16 | 0.4 | B15 | 3.95 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
COP10.9 | 1160 | 1000 | 890 | 80 | 0.24 | 0.6 | B15 | 5.66 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
KS10.9a | 1160 | 1000 | 890 | 80 | 0.22 | 0.55 | B15 | 14.76 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
COP13.6 | 1410 | 1250 | 590 | 80 | 0.2 | 0.5 | B15 | 4.44 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
KS13.9a | 1410 | 1250 | 890 | 80 | 0.28 | 0.7 | B15 | 17.04 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
KS13.9b | 1410 | 1250 | 890 | 80 | 0.24 | 0.6 | B15 | 24.42 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
COP15.18 | 1680 | 1500 | 1790 | 90 | 0.804 | 2.01 | B15 | 14.12 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
KS15.18a | 1680 | 1500 | 1790 | 90 | 0.75 | 1.88 | B15 | 30.76 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
KS15.18b | 1680 | 1500 | 1790 | 90 | 0.72 | 1.8 | B15 | 40.2 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
COP15.6 | 1680 | 1500 | 590 | 90 | 0.265 | 0.66 | B15 | 4.94 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
KS15.6b | 1680 | 1500 | 590 | 90 | 0.22 | 0.55 | B15 | 17.54 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
COP15.9 | 1680 | 1500 | 890 | 90 | 0.4 | 1 | B15 | 7.02 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
KS15.9a | 1680 | 1500 | 890 | 90 | 0.35 | 0.88 | B15 | 29 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
KS15.9b | 1680 | 1500 | 890 | 90 | 0.32 | 0.8 | B15 | 26.6 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
KS20.12a | 2200 | 2000 | 1190 | 100 | 0.67 | 1.68 | B15 | 44.36 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
KS20.12b | 2200 | 2000 | 1190 | 100 | 0.64 | 1.6 | B15 | 42 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
KS20.18b | 2200 | 2000 | 1790 | 100 | 1.02 | 2.55 | B15 | 55.67 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
COP20.6 | 2200 | 2000 | 590 | 100 | 0.39 | 0.98 | B15 | 13.04 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
KS20.6b | 2200 | 2000 | 590 | 100 | 0.3 | 0.75 | B15 | 23 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
COP20.9 | 2200 | 2000 | 890 | 100 | 0.59 | 1.48 | B15 | 19.88 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
KS20.9b | 2200 | 2000 | 890 | 100 | 0.44 | 1.10 | B15 | 34.6 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
KS25.12a | 2700 | 2500 | 1190 | 100 | 0.87 | 2.18 | B15 | 49.1 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
KS25.12b | 2700 | 2500 | 1190 | 100 | 0.76 | 1.90 | B15 | 44.62 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
COP25.6 | 2700 | 2500 | 590 | 100 | 0.48 | 1.2 | B15 | 15.74 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
COP7.3 | 840 | 700 | 290 | 70 | 0.05 | 0.13 | B15 | 1.64 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
COP7.9 | 840 | 700 | 890 | 70 | 0.15 | 0.38 | B15 | 4.8 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
CC12.9 | 1410 | 1250 | 290 | 80 | 0.30 | 0.75 | B15 | 5.44 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
CC25.12 | 2700 | 2500 | 1190 | 100 | 0.97 | 2.42 | B15 | 15.30 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
PK-7S | 870 | 650-670 | 360 | 100-110 | 0.036 | 0.09 | B15 | 9,81 | Album RK 2201-82 |
2. Manhole covers Table 2. Manhole covers
| Name | Diameter D, mm | Diameter d, mm | Thickness H, mm | Volume of concrete, cubic meters | Weight, tons | Concrete | Steel, kg | Series |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1PP 15 | 1680 | 700 | 150 | 0.333 | 0.69 | B15 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
1PP 20 | 2200 | 700 | 160 | 0.608 | 1.37 | B15 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
1PP 25 | 2700 | 700 | 180 | 1.031 | 2.45 | B15 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
1PP 25-2 | 2700 | 700 | 180 | 1.031 | 2.4 | B15 | 116.55 | - |
1PP 8 | 1000 | 580 | 170 | 0.134 | 0.33 | B15 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
1PP15-1 | 1680 | 700 | 150 | 0.27 | 0.68 | B15 | 30 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
1PP15-2 | 1680 | 700 | 150 | 0.27 | 0.68 | B15 | 32.21 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
1PP20-1 | 2200 | 700 | 160 | 0.51 | 1.38 | B15 | 49.65 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
1PP20-2 | 2200 | 700 | 160 | 0.51 | 1.38 | B15 | 77.66 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
2PP 15 | 1680 | 700 | 150 | 0.333 | 0.69 | B15 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
2PP 20 | 2200 | 1000 | 160 | 0.608 | 1.2 | B15 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
2PP 20-2 | 2200 | 1000 | 160 | 0.45 | 1.2 | B15 | 84.5 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
2PP 25 | 2700 | 700 | 180 | 1.031 | 2.4 | B15 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
2PP 25-2 | 2700 | 700 | 180 | 1.031 | 2.31 | B15 | 112.93 | - |
2PP 8 | 1000 | 800 | 170 | 0.134 | 0.33 | B15 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
2PP15-1 | 1680 | 700 | 150 | 0.27 | 0.68 | B15 | 30 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
2PP15-2 | 1680 | 700 | 150 | 0.27 | 0.68 | B15 | 32.71 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
2PP20-1 | 2200 | 1000 | 160 | 0.45 | 1.2 | B15 | 63 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
3PP 15 | 1680 | 1000 | 150 | 0.333 | 0.54 | B15 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
3PP 15-1 | 1680 | 1000 | 150 | 0.21 | 0.53 | B15 | 37.83 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
3PP 15-2 | 1680 | 1000 | 150 | 0.21 | 0.53 | B15 | 38.04 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
3PP 20 | 2200 | 700 | 160 | 0.608 | 1.34 | B15 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
4PP 20-2 | 2200 | 700 | 160 | 0.608 | 1.28 | B15 | 72.96 | - |
KTsP1.20N | 2200 | 700 | 160 | 0.51 | 1.28 | B15 | 72.96 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
KTsP1.25N | 2700 | 700 | 180 | 0.92 | 2.31 | B15 | 116,55 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
KPI2.25 | 2700 | 700 | 180 | 0.96 | 2.40 | B15 | 112.93 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
PVG-15 | 1720 | 700 | 140 | 0.27 | 0.68 | B22.5 | 33,01 | Album RK 2201-82 |
PVG-20 | 2240 | 700 | 160 | 0.57 | 1.43 | B22.5 | 69,03 | Album RK 2201-82 |
PVG-25 | 2740 | 700 | 180 | 0.99 | 2.48 | B22.5 | 114,21 | Album RK 2201-82 |
PVK-8 | 1000 | 400 | 170 | 0.06 | 0.15 | B22.5 | 7,7 | Album RK 2201-82 |
PC-10 | 1200 | 700 | 120 | 0.09 | 0.225 | B22.5 | 14,85 | Album RK 2201-82 |
PC-12 | 1450 | 700 | 140 | 0.18 | 0.45 | B22.5 | 23,42 | Album RK 2201-82 |
PC-15 | 1720 | 700 | 140 | 0.27 | 0.68 | B22.5 | 31,47 | Album RK 2201-82 |
PK-15-10 | 1720 | 1000 | 140 | 0.21 | 0.52 | B22.5 | 29,44 | Album RK 2201-82 |
PC-20 | 2240 | 700 | 160 | 0.54 | 1.35 | B22.5 | 73,79 | Album RK 2201-82 |
PK-20-10 | 2240 | 1000 | 160 | 0.5 | 1.25 | B22.5 | 69,83 | Album RK 2201-82 |
PK-25 | 2740 | 700 | 180 | 0.96 | 2.4 | B22.5 | 117,51 | Album RK 2201-82 |
PK-25-15 | 2740 | 1500 | 180 | 0.74 | 1.85 | B22.5 | 108,29 | Album RK 2201-82 |
PCB8 | 1000 | 400 | 170 | 0.06 | 0.15 | B15 | 7.71 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
PKM8 | 1000 | 580 | 170 | 0.08 | 0.19 | B15 | 10.21 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
PP 10 | 1160 | 700 | 150 | 0.159 | 0.25 | B15 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
PP 13 | 1410 | 700 | 150 | 0.234 | 0.44 | B15 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
PP10-1 | 1160 | 700 | 150 | 0.1 | 0.25 | B15 | 8.37 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
PP10-2 | 1160 | 700 | 150 | 0.1 | 0.25 | B15 | 16.65 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
PP13-1 | 1410 | 700 | 150 | 0.18 | 0.45 | B15 | 22.14 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
PP13-2 | 1410 | 700 | 150 | 0.18 | 0.45 | B15 | 23.1 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
3. Bottom plates Table 3. Bottom plates
| Name | Diameter D, mm | Thickness h, mm | Volume of concrete, cubic meters | Weight, tons | Concrete | Steel, kg | Series |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mon 7 | 840 | 100 | 0.12 | 0.09 | B15 | - | - |
PN10 | 1500 | 100 | 0.18 | 0.45 | B15 | 15.4 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
Mon15 | 2000 | 120 | 0.38 | 0.95 | B15 | 33.13 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
PN20 | 2500 | 120 | 0.59 | 1.48 | B15 | 79.44 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
PN25 | 3000 | 140 | 0.98 | 2.45 | B15 | 143.3 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
4. Support rings Table 4. Support rings
5. Base plates Table 5. Base plates
| Name | Length L, mm | Width B, mm | Diameter d, mm | Thickness H, mm | Volume of concrete, cubic meters | Weight, tons | Concrete | Steel, kg | Series |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PD10 | 2800 | 2000 | 1000 | 220 | 0.99 | 2.5 | B20 | 108.45 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
PD6 | 2500 | 1750 | 580 | 220 | 0.85 | 2.1 | B20 | 99.3 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
OP-7 | 2300 | 1600 | 650 | 300 | 0.53 | 1.32 | B22.5 | 31.07 | Album RK 2201-82 |
ON10 | 1700 | 1700 | 1000 | 150 | 0.32 | 0.8 | B20 | 38.18 | Series 3.900.1-14 |
6. Rings with caps Table 6. Rings with caps
7. Sewer wells Table 7
| Name | Diameter D, mm | Height H, mm | Diameter d, mm | Thickness B, mm | Volume of concrete, cubic meters | Weight, tons | Concrete | Steel, kg | Series |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VG-12 | 1410 | 1980 | 1230-1270 | 70-90 | 0.82 | 2.05 | B22.5 | 45.12 | Album RK 2201-82 |
VG-15 | 1680 | 1980 | 1480-1520 | 80-100 | 1.13 | 2.82 | B22.5 | 39.06 | Album RK 2201-82 |
VG-20 | 2200 | 1980 | 1980-2020 | 90-110 | 1.65 | 4.12 | B22.5 | 39.95 | Album RK 2201-82 |
VG-25 | 2650 | 1980 | 2480-2520 | 90-110 | 2.23 | 5.58 | B22.5 | 50.27 | Album RK 2201-82 |
VD-8 | 960 | 1550 | 780-820 | 70-90 | 0.38 | 0.95 | B22.5 | 12.7 | Album RK 2201-82 |
VS-10 | 1160 | 1800 | 980-1020 | 70-90 | 0.54 | 1.35 | B22.5 | 22.58 | Album RK 2201-82 |
VS-10-1 | 1160 | 1800 | 980-1020 | 70-90 | 0.54 | 1.35 | B22.5 | 16.97 | Album RK 2201-82 |
VS-12 | 1410 | 1800 | 1230-1270 | 70-90 | 0.72 | 1.8 | B22.5 | 25.42 | Album RK 2201-82 |
VS-15 | 1680 | 1980 | 1480-1520 | 80-100 | 1.02 | 2.56 | B22.5 | 33.27 | Album RK 2201-82 |
DK 10-9 | 1160 | 2410 | 1020 | 70 | 1.342 | 1.23 | M300 | 16.58 | - |
DK 15-9 | 1680 | 2870 | 1520 | 80 | 3 | 2.5 | M300 | - | - |
DK 20-9 | 2200 | 890 | 2000 | 100 | 1.03 | 2.8 | M300 | - | - |
DK 7-9 | 840 | 890 | 700 | 70 | 0.204 | 0.45 | M300 | - | - |
DK-10 | 1160 | 1270 | 980-1020 | 70-90 | 0.49 | 1.23 | B22.5 | 16.93 | Album RK 2201-82 |
KVG 13 | 1410 | 1980 | 1270 | 70 | 0.58 | 1.46 | B22.5 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
KVG 15 | 1680 | 1980 | 1520 | 80 | 0.8 | 1.99 | B22.5 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
KVG 20 | 2200 | 1980 | 2000 | 100 | 1.3 | 3.26 | B22.5 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
KVG 25 | 2700 | 1980 | 2500 | 100 | 1.62 | 4.04 | B22.5 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
KDK-10 | 1160 | 1270 | 1000 | 80 | 0.345 | 0.86 | B22.5 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
KL-10 | 1160 | 2410 | 980-1020 | 70-90 | 0.84 | 2.1 | B22.5 | 28.2 | Album RK 2201-82 |
KL-12 | 1410 | 2630 | 1230-1270 | 70-90 | 1.2 | 3 | B22.5 | 36.73 | Album RK 2201-82 |
KL-15 | 1680 | 2870 | 1480-1520 | 80-100 | 1.78 | 4.45 | B22.5 | 45.64 | Album RK 2201-82 |
KL-20 | 2200 | 3110 | 1980-2020 | 90-110 | 3.27 | 8.18 | B22.5 | 65.25 | Album RK 2201-82 |
KLV 8 | 960 | 1550 | 820 | 70 | 0.3 | 0.76 | B22.5 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
KLK 10 | 1160 | 1800 | 1000 | 80 | 0.49 | 1.22 | B22.5 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
KLK 13 | 1410 | 1800 | 1250 | 80 | 0.6 | 1.5 | B22.5 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
KLK 15 | 1680 | 1980 | 1500 | 90 | 0.89 | 2.22 | B22.5 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
KFK 10 | 1160 | 2410 | 1000 | 80 | 0.65 | 1.63 | B22.5 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
KFK 13 | 1410 | 2630 | 1250 | 80 | 0.88 | 2.2 | B22.5 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
KFK 15 | 1680 | 2870 | 1500 | 90 | 1.29 | 3.22 | B22.5 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
KFK 20 | 2200 | 3110 | 2000 | 100 | 2.05 | 5.13 | B22.5 | - | GOST 8020-90 |
RKWG12 | 1380 | 1980 | 1020 | 55 | 0.82 | 2050 | B22.5 | 34.1 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
RKWG15 | 1650 | 1980 | 1250 | 55 | 1.31 | 2820 | B22.5 | 45.27 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
RKWG20 | 2150 | 1980 | 1640 | 185 | 1.65 | 4120 | B22.5 | 68.62 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
RKWG25 | 2650 | 1980 | 1790 | 185 | 2.23 | 5580 | B22.5 | 112.64 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
RKDC10 | 1160 | 1270 | 1000 | 80 | 0.49 | 1.23 | B22.5 | 15.38 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
RKLV8 | 960 | 1550 | 820 | 140 | 0.38 | 950 | B22.5 | 11.33 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
RKLK10 | 1160 | 1800 | 1000 | 80 | 0.54 | 1.35 | B22.5 | 21.88 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
RKLK12 | 1410 | 1800 | 1250 | 80 | 0.72 | 1.8 | B22.5 | 26.57 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
RKLK15 | 1680 | 1980 | 1500 | 90 | 1.02 | 2.56 | B22.5 | 34.91 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
RKFC10 | 1160 | 2410 | 1000 | 80 | 0.84 | 2.10 | B22.5 | 27.3 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
RKFC12 | 1410 | 2630 | 1250 | 80 | 1.2 | 3.0 | B22.5 | 35.57 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
RKFC15 | 1680 | 2870 | 1500 | 90 | 1.78 | 4.45 | B22.5 | 44.27 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
RKFC20 | 2200 | 3110 | 2000 | 100 | 3.27 | 8.18 | B22.5 | 69.14 | Series 3.003.1-1/87 |
8. Cast iron manholes Table 8
| Name | Diameter D, mm | Height h, mm | The volume of concrete, cubic meters | Weight, kg | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Luke D | 870 | 128 | 0.072 | 134 | - |
Luke L | 770 | 90 | 0.038 | 65 | 15 |
Luke T | 870 | 120 | 0.057 | 120 | 250 |
Manhole support ring- reinforced concrete "stand" under the sewer manhole. Well support rings help raise the manhole above the well cover. These are universal products that are part of many engineering structures throughout Russia and the CIS. Concrete support rings are made according to sketches PI "Mosinzhproekt" ( Album X) and GOST 8020-90. The special design of the ring provides it with a reliable elevation and "legs", so the products are well fixed on the necks and prevent clogging and penetration of strangers. The use of well support rings allows you to slightly raise the sewer hatch above the ground level. This is also necessary to protect cast iron hatches from corrosion. Reinforced concrete support rings X are used to protect the shafts of wells for water and gas pipelines, sewers, cable channels, as well as storm drains and private drinking wells.
Manhole support rings are used if it is necessary to raise the hatch above the ground level or if it is necessary to increase the height to the level of the roadway. Well rings K 1 are not designed for high loads, so their use in the area of road transport will lead to rapid destruction. In the private sector support well rings are purchased to raise the covers of wells in their personal plots. The use of prefabricated reinforced concrete will save you from laborious work with monolithic concrete and guarantee the reliability of products. Each batch of well rings is certified according to GOST 8020-90. The operation of well rings is permissible in any climatic conditions, together with elements of round wells (Album RK 2201-82) or together with other reinforced concrete products.
Reinforcement support rings produced by welded nets, which allow the rings to be strong and withstand the pressure of a standing person and the passage of a car. For hardening, high-quality steel A-III and wire VR-I are used, protected from corrosion. The protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement is at least 2 cm, this ensures reliable protection of the frames and extends the service life.
The tables in Album RK 2201-82 will help you learn more about the calculated live load on well rings. The company's specialists will be able to help with the choice of reinforced concrete for your facility. "Complex-S".
Technologists of reinforced concrete plants select the optimal composition of heavy concrete for the production of well rings. As a rule, support rings are produced from concrete of heavy grades M200-M300 (B22.5) with polymer additives. Additives give concrete water resistance W6-W8 and frost resistance F100-F200. Such well rings can be operated in extreme conditions of humidity and negative temperatures. Products K 1 are resistant to chemicals typical for the city, and at your request you can buy well rings resistant to aggressive environments. Prefabricated elements of reinforced concrete wells undergo laboratory and field tests, tests of strength, stiffness and crack resistance, as a result of which they receive a certificate of conformity GOST 8020-90. The Complex-S company offers only original well rings, which are supplied together with technical data sheets. The weight of the support ring is 130 kg, which makes it possible to mount it without the help of special equipment.
You can buy reinforced concrete products for the construction of underground wells: working chambers, floor slabs, well covers, well bottoms and rings from the Complex-S company. Our catalog contains concrete products at the best prices.
Product marking
Album RK 2201-82 fixed one standard size of the support ring of K1 wells, but in series 3.003.1-1/87 And 3.900.1-14 you will also find well rings for a similar purpose. You will find a clearly distinguishable brand of the product on the end face. If you want to buy well rings, especially protected from corrosion, the letter P must be present in the grade - reduced concrete permeability.
Product quality control
Similar to other concrete products well rings are not entitled to cracks and exposure of reinforcement. Only grids of shrinkage cracks with a width of not more than 0.1 mm are allowed. The rest are the cause of future destruction and the basis for rejection. Also, rust and grease stains, as well as sagging, deep sinks and chips of more than 50 mm are not allowed on the surface of the reinforced concrete products. Deviations in the geometry of the support rings K 1 are undesirable. Not more than 3 mm in diameter and 5 mm in height are allowed. In order to assess the actual condition of the concrete, it is necessary to carefully inspect all products in the lot at the acceptance procedure. The Complex-S company will help you buy high-quality well rings, we always have the most optimistic prices, quality assurance and real terms.
On the acceptance tests support rings, concrete indicators are evaluated in terms of compressive strength and tempering strength of concrete, as well as the conformity of reinforcing and embedded products, the strength of welded joints, the thickness of the protective concrete layer to the reinforcement, the accuracy of geometric parameters and the quality of the concrete surface.
A batch of well rings is accompanied by a technical passport - a document from the manufacturer, which indicates compliance GOST 8020-90 and drawings Album RK 2201-82, as well as information on the date of production of rings, the number of products in a batch, the results of strength tests, information about the brand of concrete and its water resistance and frost resistance.
Transport and storage
A special storage scheme for well rings does not apply to support rings, they are stored in stacks of no more than six pieces. Transportation of products requires fixation and the use of linings and pads. Careful unloading and support ring installation possible for the steel hinges included in the design of the product.
Concrete is an artificially made stone building material. It can be made independently or bought ready-made at the factory of reinforced concrete products, which reduces construction time.
Concrete is granite, gravel and dolomite (lime). Consists of aggregate, water, binders and additives. This is a solution of cement, sand, filler and water, sometimes a plasticizer is also added. Cement binds all components of the concrete solution. Sand is best used river coarse-grained, sometimes it is replaced with slag. Before kneading, the sand must be sieved to get rid of excess debris. Crushed stone is often used, because it is the best filler, sometimes it is replaced with gravel or expanded clay.
There is also such a thing as a crushed stone fraction, it is determined depending on the size of the particles. The smaller the stone, the lower the fraction number. For the foundation, they usually use from 20 to 40 - this is the average. The plasticizer is used to impart frost resistance and water resistance to the finished solution. Rarely, reinforcing fibers of polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride are added. Concrete is mixed in a ratio of 1:3:6: cement + sand (crushed stone) + water.
Types of concrete
There are the following types of solution:
- By appointment. These include conventional and special solutions. The former are used for the construction of industrial and civil buildings, the special ones are used for the construction of hydraulic, road and other structures.
- By binder. These include cement, gypsum, silicate mortars, etc.
- For fillers. There are concrete on dense, porous and special additives.
- According to the hardening conditions. Divided into hardening in the natural environment, under conditions of wet and warm processing at normal atmospheric pressure, and when processed with heat and moisture at atmospheric pressure above normal (autoclave hardening).
How many cubes of concrete do you need for the foundation?
To calculate the number of cubes of concrete, many use an online calculator. But you can also do it yourself, using the formula for the volume of concrete to calculate. First you need to consider what foundations are, and, based on their composition, choose a specific formula.
The foundation happens: tape, pile and slab, there are also many other types of foundation, but it is in these three that concrete is used for pouring.
Formula for strip foundation. Before making the calculation, you need to know the width and height of the foundation tape. After the width is multiplied by the height and we get the volume of concrete needed for pouring. It looks like this: V \u003d S * L, where V is the volume of concrete, S is the cross-sectional area, L is the length of the foundation tape. To get the value of S, you need to multiply the width of the tape by the height.
For example, given values: 50 cm - width of the tape, height - 180 cm, length - 49 m. Solution: V = 49 * 0.5 * 1.8 = 44.1 cubic meters of concrete.
Formula for pile foundation. S=3.14*r, S - surface area of one column, r - pile radius.
V=H*n, where H is the height of each pillar of the foundation, and n is the number of pillars. For example, the diameter of the column is 20 cm, the length is 2 meters. It will take 0.0628 cubic meters of concrete.
Formula for slab foundation. V=S*H. S is the total area of the entire slab and H is the thickness of the slab. For example, for a slab 5 m long, 5 m wide and 0.15 m thick, you will need: V = 5 * 5 * 0.15 = 3.75 cubic meters of concrete.
Calculator calculation
There is a special program: online concrete volume calculator. You just need to fill in the data in the table, there are explanations for each action. You can calculate how many materials you need for concrete, sand or gravel, for example.
A convenient way to calculate the volume of concrete and its binding components. It is also possible to calculate for one batch or even a bucket. Of course, this calculation will be approximate, definitely, you need to try to knead and look at the result.
This is with regard to the manual mixing of all ingredients. With production mixing, all indicators are, of course, more accurate. Using a calculator, you can also save your time, you do not need to display all the calculations using formulas yourself. In addition, the margin for error is minimal in online counting. No one wants to overpay if the error is in a big way, and then look for a place where this concrete can be determined. And when counting down, of course, you don’t want to call the concrete mixer several times and once again pay for the delivery of concrete. Many calculators have hints.
for the floor?
So, for a floor screed, you first need to make the necessary calculations. The formula for calculating the volume of concrete cubes for floor screed: V=S*H, where S is the surface area of the screed, H is its thickness. For example, the area is 10 square meters. m, and the thickness of the screed is 0.5 m. V = 10 * 0.5 = 5 cubes of concrete is needed for floor screed.
In addition to the volume of concrete, you can determine how much cement you need if you pour the floors yourself. The resulting amount should be multiplied by 490. That is how many kilograms of cement should be in one cube of concrete. You can calculate the amount of sand, for which you need to multiply the resulting amount of cement by 3, and we will get the exact result.
Concrete rings
What is JBI? These are reinforced concrete. Concrete rings consist of reinforced steel and concrete. The purpose of these rings is to build wells, this is its frame. You can also calculate the volume of concrete in reinforced concrete rings by referring to Internet resources, using various online calculators for calculating. You only need to know the height, diameter and thickness of the ring.
But there is also a formula for self-calculation. It looks like this: V=H*S, where H is the height of the ring, S is its area. To determine the area, you need to calculate the parameters of the outer circle, for this, one-half of the "pi" number is multiplied by the diameter and by 2. It looks like this: S = 1/2π * D * 2. Then you need, using the same formula, to calculate the inner circle, and then the area of \u200b\u200bthe outer circle is subtracted from the area of \u200b\u200bthe inner circle, and we get the parameters of the ring.
Weight of 1 cube of concrete?
To answer the question of how much 1 cube of concrete weighs, first you need to know the density of the solution. Of course, the higher the density, the more
Usually in construction they take the value of 490 kg. This is the amount of concrete in one cube, but to be more precise in this matter, it all depends on its type.
By weight, solutions are divided into light, heavy, extra light and extra heavy.
- Particularly light weigh up to 500 kg. These are cellular concrete. They include only sand, cement and foaming agent. Used to make slabs and blocks.
- Lungs weigh from 500-1800 kg. The filler is usually expanded clay, but there are also porous structure fillers. Used for pouring screeds, block products, fences.
- Heavy from 1800 to 2500 kg. They have such a weight due to heavy fillers, such as gravel, crushed stone, coarse sand. This type is used for screeds, load-bearing structures.
- Particularly heavy from 2500 to 3000 kg. Heavy concrete has a slightly different structure, it largely depends on the brand of cement, the differences in weight, although small, are still there. And this type is made only in factories.
That's how much 1 cube of concrete weighs, depending on its composition and application.
Concrete quality indicators
There are 5 indicators of concrete quality, they are indicated by letters and numbers. The first indicator is the brand of concrete, for example, M100 - M800, where the numbers indicate the strength of the material. The second indicator is the class of concrete, which is guaranteed by the manufacturer, for example, B3.5 - B60. The third indicator is the level of frost resistance F (25-1000). The fourth indicator is the water resistance coefficient, denoted by W (2-20). The fifth indicator is the Designation “P” (1-5).
brand of concrete. Application
M 100 is used before reinforcement.
M 200 (B 15) - this brand is used for pouring the foundation.
M 300 (B 22.5) - in demand for the construction of monolithic structures and strip foundations.
M 350 (B 25) - produced for the manufacture of reinforced concrete products, pools, piles, etc. are made from it.
(B 30) - build bridges, build hydraulic structures.
M 450 (B 35) - sets quickly, therefore it is used only for the construction of subways, dams, dams.
M 500 (B 40) and M 550 (B 45) are high-strength concrete grades. They are designed for special construction and hydraulic structures.
How to protect concrete
In construction, waterproofing helps protect concrete. There are concepts of primary and secondary protection. Primary protection refers to a set of measures taken for the initial rational protection, for example, this is the choice of the correct form, material, thickness of the concrete coating layer, etc. Also, this type of protection includes the impregnation of concrete with special waterproofing mixtures, for example, penetrating action.
Secondary protection includes measures for additional coating of concrete. To do this, various means are used, thin-layer impregnations, highly filled coatings and self-leveling floors. Foundations, for example, are waterproofed first with roofing material, and then, when it is fully prepared, with bituminous mastic.
