Analysis of the fairy tale "Geese Swans" - a theme, an idea, what the fairy tale "Geese Swans" teaches
"Geese swans" analysis of a fairy tale
Topic: The fairy tale tells how the Geese-Swans who served Baba Yaga stole their brother, when the sister played with her friends, then she rushed to save him and saved him.
Idea : Nothing can replace the home of the native, native land, love for relatives. Goodness, resourcefulness, ingenuity are praised.
What does the fairy tale "Geese-swans" teach?
The fairy tale "Swan Geese" teaches children love for relatives and friends, responsibility, determination, courage, and the ability to achieve goals. The tale also teaches respect for the requests of relatives.
The main meaning of the fairy tale "Geese Swans" is that the most precious thing for a person is his family. Love for relatives and friends, responsibility for their fate - such topics run like a red thread through the whole fairy tale. The tale also teaches the reader to be resourceful and decisive, not to get lost in difficult situations. Although the sister made the mistake of leaving her little brother unattended, she did her best to rectify the situation and succeeded in bringing the little brother home. The sister set a goal for herself - and she achieved this goal, despite the obstacles put in front of her.
Heroes of Geese-Swans:
- Brother
- sister
- Stove, river and apple tree- wonderful helpers
- Baba Yaga.
- Swan geese
Features of the composition of the fairy tale "Geese-swans":
- Start fairy talestraditional: Zachin (Once upon a time, there were….)
- exposition (parents' order)
- tie (brother is kidnapped by geese - swans, my sister went in search of her brother)
- climax (sister found a brother at Baba Yaga)
- denouement (escape from the hut of Baba Yaga and return to the parental home)
The story is very dynamic., it has many verbs of motion that convey sudden and quick actions. For example, about Geese - swans say: "They flew, picked up, carried away, disappeared" they convey the severity of the situation.
IN fairy tale used the technique of impersonating the inanimate peace: stove said; The apple tree helped covered with branches; river said.
The use of the number three is also traditional for a Russian fairy tale - three magical characters (a stove, an apple tree and a river), who test the main character and help her get home.
Practical task-analysis of poetic works of the 19th century
Analysis of "The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Bogatyrs" by Pushkin A.S.
Pushkin's fairy tale, despite the apparent simplicity inherent in all the poet's work, is deep in meaning and complex in psychological richness. The author contrasts the young princess with an evil stepmother.
The poet draws a young girl as kind, meek, hardworking and defenseless. Her outer beauty matches her inner beauty. It is difficult for her to live in a world where there is envy, evil and deceit.
A completely different queen-stepmother appears before us. She is also beautiful, but "angry", and jealous, and envious.
The idea that external beauty is nothing without internal beauty permeates the entire fairy tale. Many loved the young princess. The question arises why they did not save her. Yes, because only Prince Elisha loved her truly, sincerely and devotedly.
Indeed, let us turn to a fairy tale. The truthful mirror involuntarily betrayed the princess. Chernavka, who once took pity on the girl, also turned out to be capable of betrayal. And the kindness and cordiality of the forest brothers were devoid of real depth.
The true love of Prince Elisha saves the princess, awakening her from eternal sleep.
Evil, says the poet, is not omnipotent, it is defeated.
The evil queen-stepmother, although she “took it with her mind and everything,” is not confident in herself. Therefore, she needs a mirror constantly. The king-tza-stepmother is dying of envy and longing. This is how Pushkin showed the internal inconsistency and doom of evil.
Analysis of a work of oral folk art
Literary and artistic analysis of the Russian folk tale
"Swan geese"
1. "Geese-swans" Russian folk tale - magical.
2. Theme: The fairy tale tells how Geese-swans who served Baba Yaga stole their brother, when the sister played with her friends, then she rushed to save him and saved him.
3. Idea: Nothing can replace the home of the native, native land, love for relatives. Goodness, resourcefulness, ingenuity are praised.
4. Characteristics of the main characters:
In this tale there is a positive hero sister and a negative hero Baba Yaga.
Sister: Loves her brother:
Gasped, rushed back and forth - no! She called him - Brother does not respond.
I began to cry, but tears will not help grief.
Brave: Ran into an open field; swan-geese rushed in the distance and disappeared behind a dark forest. Geese-swans have long acquired a bad reputation for themselves, a lot of mischief and stole small children; the girl guessed that they had taken away her brother, rushed to catch up with them.
He knows how to correct his mistakes - It's her own fault, she herself must find a brother.
Baba Yaga: Evil
In the hut sits a baba-yaga, a sinewy muzzle, a clay leg;
She called the Geese-Swans: - Hurry, geese - swans, fly in pursuit!
5. Artistic originality of the work:
Composition features:
o The traditional beginning of a fairy tale: Beginning (Once upon a time - there were ....)
o Exposure (as ordered by parents)
o Starting (abduction of brother by Geese - swans, the girl went in search of her brother)
o Climax (found a brother at Baba Yaga)
o The fairy tale ends traditionally: Denouement (escape from the hut and return home). -And she ran home, and it’s good that she managed to run, and then her father and mother came.
The tale is very dynamic, there are many verbs of motion in it that convey sudden and fast actions. For example, it is said about Geese - swans: “They flew in, picked up, carried away, disappeared,” they convey the severity of the situation.
The fairy tale uses the method of personification of the inanimate world:
The stove said; The apple tree helped covered with branches; The river said
The fairy tale uses the law of triple repetition: three trials three times chasing swan geese. Characteristics of the language: Colorful, emotional, expressive. For example: Geese-swans have long gained a bad reputation for themselves, a lot of shkodil and stole small children; “Apple trees, apple trees, tell me, where did the geese fly to? » The brother is also sitting on a bench, playing with golden apples.
6. Conclusions:
The fairy tale teaches children to love their native land, their relatives and friends. It teaches to fulfill promises, to believe in goodness and in good people, helps in the formation of moral values.
3. Analysis of the poem by A.S. Pushkin "Winter Morning"
1) Date of writing and publication.
The poem "Winter Morning" was written by A.S. Pushkin November 3, 1829 during exile in the village of Mikhailovskoye. Then the life of the poet was filled with loneliness, boredom and sadness. However, it was during these years that Alexander Sergeevich was overtaken by inspiration.
2) Artistic method.
This work belongs to the literary movement of romanticism.
3) Choice of the genre of tradition.
This poem can be attributed to the genre of landscape lyrics.
4) Main theme.
The leading theme is directly the theme of the winter morning, the theme of the beauty of Russian nature in winter.
5) The meaning of the name.
The title of the poem sounds very poetic. Just listen, "Winter Morning"! Before your eyes immediately rises nature in white winter decoration. Thus, the title expresses the content of the work as a whole.
6) Lyrical plot and its movement. : The plot of the lyrical work is weakened. The poem is based on the contemplation of nature, which has become an impulse for lyrical experience.
7) Composition. The presence of a frame. main structural parts.
Throughout the storyline, linear composition prevails. The poem consists of five six lines (sextin). In the first stanza, the author clearly admires the frosty Russian winter, invites his companion to take a walk on such a beautiful, sunny day:
“Frost and sun; wonderful day!
You are still dozing, my lovely friend -
It's time, beauty, wake up:
Open eyes closed by bliss
Towards the northern Aurora,
Be the star of the north!"
The mood of the second stanza is the opposite of the previous mood. This part of the poem is built using the technique of antithesis, that is, opposition. A.S. Pushkin turns to the past, recalls that yesterday nature was rampant and indignant:
“Evening, do you remember, the blizzard was angry,
In the cloudy sky, a haze hovered;
The moon is like a pale spot
Turned yellow through the gloomy clouds,
And you sat sad ... "
And now? Everything is completely different. This is exactly confirmed by the following lines of the poem:
"Under blue skies
splendid carpets,
Shining in the sun, the snow lies ... ";
"The whole room is an amber gleam
Illuminated…".
Undoubtedly, there are notes of contrast here that give the work a certain sophistication:
“It's nice to think by the couch.
But you know: do not order to the sled
Forbid the brown filly?
8) Basic moods. The tone of the poem.
Reading this work, the heart and soul are filled with positive emotions. Joy, fun and cheerfulness fill the poem. Each of you, probably, feels the freshness that these lines are imbued with.
9) Rhythm, size.
The poem is written in iambic tetrameter.
10) Rhyming, the nature of the rhyme.
The rhyme is mixed; the nature of the rhyme: exact; the first two lines are female, the third is male, the fourth and fifth are female, the sixth is male.
11) Vocabulary. Language means of expression.
Positively colored epithets: “charming friend”, “wonderful day”, “magnificent carpets”, “transparent forest”, “merry crackling”, “amber sheen”, “dear friend”, “dear shore”.
Negatively colored epithets: “cloudy sky”, “gloomy clouds”, “you sat sad”, “empty fields”.
Thus, positively colored epithets are designed to form a joyful mood in the reader's soul.
Metaphor: "the moon turned yellow."
Personification: "the blizzard was angry", "the haze was rushing".
Comparison: "The moon is like a pale spot."
12) Poetic syntax.
“And the spruce turns green through the hoarfrost,
And the river glitters under the ice.
Rhetorical exclamation: “Frost and sun; wonderful day!”
Rhetorical appeal: “dear friend”, “charming friend”, “beauty”.
13) Sound recording. Phonetic coloring of the verse.
Alliteration: in the first stanza, the consonant sound “s” is repeatedly repeated (sounds of a winter morning); in the second stanza, the consonant sound “l” is repeated (this gives a feeling of cold, frost).
14) The idea of the poem, revealed in the process of analysis.
Thus, A.S. Pushkin sought in his poem "Winter Morning" to show the beauty of the Russian winter, its greatness and strength, which give rise to a joyful mood in the soul of the reader.
4. Analysis of the cycles of B. Zhitkov: Stories about animals, sea stories, about brave people, stories about technology” (OPTIONAL)
Stories about animals this is a cycle of short stories of human relationships, where the author describes various non-fictional cases of saving people by animals, their devotion, strong and no less strong affection. Subtle observation, knowledge of the habits of representatives of the animal world, the ability to talk about complex things in a simple and understandable language - distinguish Zhitkov's stories. "Stories about animals" vividly reflect the entire rich and sincere inner world of the author, his principles and moral ideals, whether it is respect for other people's work in the story "about the elephant" or the strength and accuracy of the Russian language in the story "Mongoose".
5. Reading-considering the book of B.S. Zhitkov "What I saw."
Zhitkov's stories from the cycle "What I saw" - a collection of short everyday stories for preschool children. The stories provide answers to many children's questions, and are aimed at inquisitive "why". Children will learn everything about how the railway, metro and airport work, go to the zoo and get acquainted with many animals and their habits, learn to communicate with their peers. What I saw is a real encyclopedia of life for kids.
6. Analysis of the works of poets of the 20-30s. XX century(V.V. Mayakovsky, S.Ya. Marshak,).
I took Marshak "Stupid Mouse"
"The Tale of the Silly Mouse" and "The Tale of the Smart Mouse" Marshak.
The fairy tale is based on a household fact that is well known to a child - mice are afraid of cats - but inverted: the mouse chooses its natural, primordial enemy as a nanny. The fact that this fact is elementary, everyday is very important, because, as K. Chukovsky noted, in order to perceive such “play poems”, turnaround poems, “a child needs a firm knowledge of the true state of things.” Therefore, "the fantasy of Marshak's fairy tales is mainly in the hyperbole of everyday situations", and therefore it is easy for a three-year-old not even a reader, but also a listener, to guess what is the true fate of the mouse, which is said in the final stanza of the fairy tale. It is the everyday, self-evident basis of this collision that causes its unambiguous, most common interpretation: an expressive ellipsis hides the death of a stupid hero in the toothy mouth of a cunning cat.
The poet in this work used the traditions of the folk tale about animals. Indeed, the characters of the heroes, the perfect cumulative composition, humor - all this in Marshak's tale directly echoes the folk tale about animals, which, by the way, has long become a specific children's tale.
The inconsistency of the finale in "The Tale of the Stupid Mouse" is not a puzzle that a small reader must solve, but a manifestation of the poet's intuition, who felt the impossibility of directly speaking about the hero's death, because he cannot die. And that means the story isn't over yet. Marshak graduated almost thirty years later. Obviously, something lived in the mind of the poet all these years that made him return to one of his early works and finish everything to the end, bring to the surface what was already there, but lay in the depths of the text and sometimes ended up in the minds of readers (and critics) ignored. In 1955, The Tale of the Clever Mouse appeared (Youth, 1955, No. 2). It is a direct continuation of "The Tale of the Silly Mouse" and begins where this last one ends:
The cat took the mouse away
And sings: - Do not be afraid, baby.
Let's play for an hour
Cat and mouse, dear!
The mouse agrees, beats the cat and runs away from it. This is followed by a whole series of encounters with animals, but no longer domestic, but dangerous, forest - ferret, hedgehog, owl - and all of them offer the mouse a game in which his life is at stake. And from all the smart little mouse manages to escape.
Of course, this tale, although it is a complete whole, is not independent: it continues the first one, develops what was already set in the character of the cat from The Tale of the Stupid Mouse. What was previously asked is now shown in detail: the hero enters the world of cheerful danger, a dangerous game, inhabited by the "doubles" of the cat - forest animals, and emerges from the meeting with him the winner.
Now the story is over:
That's a happy mouse-mother!
Well, a little mouse to hug.
And sisters and brothers
They play mouse and mouse with him.
Analyzing these two tales, one can come to the conclusion that they trace the composition of a magical folk tale, there is an analogy with it. The “stupid” and then the “smart” mouse appears gradually in front of readers in these qualities in much the same way as the typical hero of a fairy tale, Ivan the Fool. (We can talk about the gradual manifestation of the image - the hero, so to speak, slowly "takes off the mask", but not about his development). The content of these images is certainly different, but the principle of manifestation is the same. Indeed, in the first part (“The Tale of the Stupid Mouse”) it is shown that the mouse is stupid, then in the second part of Marshak’s poem, the characterization of the hero as smart is obvious and it is not by chance that it is placed in the title of the second part. Similarly, in a fairy tale, the hero Ivan the Fool at first seems stupid, although he can least of all be called that, and at the end of the tale his intelligence, kindness and nobility are obvious to everyone.
Marshak in his fairy tale forms a program, more precisely, even a program of a program of primary, elementary moral and pre-social reactions (choices) of a small reader, a program of what can be called an ethical (aesthetic in this case) attitude to reality. This program creates that primary grid of images-representations and mental "choices" for the reader, which in the future can become arbitrarily long and complicated and concretized. Behind the small fairy-tale world of Marshak is a large real world, because, as the poet himself said, “a fairy tale has a happy opportunity ... to combine the largest things with the smallest, overcoming insurmountable obstacles.”
Fairy tale "Geese-swans" - one of the favorites of many children today. This fairy tale, like many others, teaches us to be kinder, wiser and never forget about our relatives and friends. So, let's figure out what exactly this wonderful fairy tale teaches us. Firstly, fairy tale "Geese-swans" teaches children to love their brothers and sisters, to appreciate them and never leave them in trouble. Secondly, the fairy tale teaches kids to do good deeds.
It is important to at least remember the situation when the apple tree asked the girl to eat an apple or bake to eat a pie. The girl did not run away, despite the fact that she was in a hurry, but helped them and, in return for a good deed, received clues about where her brother might be. If you know any other instructive lessons from the fairy tale or just want to share your impressions about fairy tale "Geese-swans" write in the comments.
Swan geese
The girl returned, looks - but there is no brother! Gasped, rushed to look for him, back and forth - nowhere! She called him, burst into tears, lamented that it would be bad from her father and mother, - the brother did not respond.
She ran out into an open field and only saw: geese-swans rushed in the distance and disappeared behind a dark forest. Then she guessed that they had taken away her brother: there had long been a bad reputation about swan geese that they carried away small children.
The girl rushed to catch up with them. She ran, she ran, she saw - there was a stove.
- Stove, stove, tell me, where did the swan geese fly?
The stove replies:
- I'll eat a rye pie! My father doesn't even eat wheat...
Apple tree, apple tree, tell me, where did the swan geese fly?
“My father doesn’t even eat garden ones ... The apple tree didn’t tell her. The girl ran on. A milky river flows in the jelly banks.
- Milk river, jelly banks, where did the swan geese fly?
- My father does not even eat cream ... For a long time she ran through the fields, through the forests. The day was drawing to a close, there was nothing to do - we had to go home. Suddenly he sees - there is a hut on a chicken leg, with one window, it turns around itself.
In the hut the old Baba Yaga is spinning a tow. And a brother sits on a bench, plays with silver apples. The girl entered the hut:
- Hello, grandma!
The girl gave her porridge, the mouse said to her:
- Girl, are you spinning?
The mouse answers her:
- I'm spinning, grandmother ... Baba Yaga heated the bath and went after the girl. And there is no one in the hut.
Baba Yaga screamed:
Geese-swans did not see, they flew by. The girl and her brother ran again. And the geese-swans came back to meet, they will see it any moment. What to do? Trouble! There is an apple tree...
Geese-swans did not see, they flew by. The girl ran again. Runs, runs, it's not far away. Then the swan geese saw her, cackled - they swoop in, beat their wings, look at that brother, they will tear it out of their hands. The girl ran to the stove:
Swan geese
There lived a man and a woman. They had a daughter and a little son.
- Daughter, - said the mother, - we will go to work, take care of your brother. Don't leave the yard, be smart - we'll buy you a handkerchief.
The father and mother left, and the daughter forgot what she was ordered to: she put her brother on the grass under the window, and she ran out into the street for a walk. Geese-swans flew in, picked up the boy, carried away on wings. 
The girl returned, looks - but there is no brother! Gasped, rushed to look for him, back and forth - nowhere! She called him, burst into tears, lamented that it would be bad from her father and mother, - the brother did not respond. 
She ran out into an open field and only saw: geese-swans rushed in the distance and disappeared behind a dark forest. Then she guessed that they had taken away her brother: there had long been a bad reputation about swan geese that they carried away small children.
The girl rushed to catch up with them. She ran, she ran, she saw - there was a stove. 
- Stove, stove, tell me, where did the swan geese fly?
The stove replies:
- Eat my rye pie - I will say.
- I'll eat a rye pie! My father doesn’t even eat wheat…
The stove didn't tell her. The girl ran on - there is an apple tree. 
- Apple tree, apple tree, tell me, where did the swan geese fly?
- Eat my forest apple - I will say.
“My father doesn’t even eat garden ones ... The apple tree didn’t tell her. The girl ran on. A milky river flows in the jelly banks. 
- Milk river, jelly banks, where did the swan geese fly?
- Eat my simple jelly with milk - I will say.
- My father and cream are not eaten ... For a long time she ran through the fields, through the forests. The day was drawing to a close, there was nothing to do - we had to go home. Suddenly he sees - there is a hut on a chicken leg, with one window, it turns around itself. 
In the hut the old Baba Yaga is spinning a tow. And a brother sits on a bench, plays with silver apples. The girl entered the hut:
- Hello, grandma!
- Hello, girl! Why did it show up?
- I walked through the mosses, through the swamps, soaked my dress, came to warm up.
- Sit down while spinning the tow. Baba Yaga gave her a spindle, and she left. The girl is spinning - suddenly a mouse runs out from under the stove and says to her:
- Girl, girl, give me porridge, I'll tell you kindly.
The girl gave her porridge, the mouse said to her:
- Baba Yaga went to heat the bathhouse. She will wash you, evaporate you, put you in the oven, fry and eat you, she will ride on your bones. The girl sits neither alive nor dead, crying, and the mouse again to her:
- Do not wait, take your brother, run, and I will spin the tow for you.
The girl took her brother and ran. And Baba Yaga will come to the window and ask:
- Girl, are you spinning?
The mouse answers her:
- I'm spinning, grandmother ... Baba Yaga heated the bath and went after the girl. And there is no one in the hut.
Baba Yaga screamed:
- Swan geese! Fly in pursuit! Brother's sister took away! ..
My sister and brother ran to the milky river. He sees - flying swan geese.
- River, mother, hide me!
- Eat my simple pudding.
The girl ate and said thank you. The river hid her under the jelly bank. 
Geese-swans did not see, they flew by. The girl and her brother ran again. And the geese-swans came back to meet, they will see it any moment. What to do? Trouble! An apple tree stands...
- Apple tree, mother, hide me!
- Eat my forest apple. The girl quickly ate and said thank you. The apple tree covered it with branches, covered it with sheets. 
Geese-swans did not see, they flew by. The girl ran again. Runs, runs, it's not far away. Then the swan geese saw her, cackled - they swoop in, beat their wings, look at that brother, they will tear it out of their hands. The girl ran to the stove:
- Stove, mother, hide me!
- Eat my rye pie.
The girl is more like a pie in her mouth, and she herself and her brother in the oven, sat down in the stoma.
Geese-swans flew, flew, shouted, shouted, and flew away to Baba Yaga with nothing. 
The girl said thank you to the oven and ran home with her brother.
And then my father and mother came. 
Swan geese
Fabulous snow-white birds from the bright heavenly worlds, messengers and servants of the Slavic gods. They help the one who does a good deed and the one who asks them well about it. Sometimes they serve Baba Yaga, because she knows their language and knows how to communicate with them.
In many folk tales, the most ancient helper of man is a bird. Our ancestors, the Slavs, worshiped the Heavenly birds and said that after death the human soul turns into such a bird or flies on it to another kingdom (another world) - Iriy the Heavenly.
In Ancient Rome, when an emperor died, an eagle was released to carry his soul to Heaven, to the upper world.
Many Slavic Gods have their own winged helpers: Rod has a white falcon (the patron saint of Russia), Perun has an eagle (the patron saint of knights), Makoshi has a duck (the patroness of the family hearth and prosperity), Veles has the prophetic bird Gamayun.
Until now, the white bird is an image of peace on earth, an image of a pure human Soul, an image of pure Love and Loyalty. One of the most beautiful images of Russian fairy tales is the Swan Princess, one of the most beautiful appeals to a girl is the White Swan, Swan.
“The elders left, and the daughter forgot what she was ordered; she put her brother on the grass under the window, and she herself ran out into the street, played, took a walk. Geese-swans flew in, picked up the boy, carried away on wings. ("Geese-swans", Russian folk tale)
Source "Fairytale Dictionary"
The sacred meaning of a fairy tale.
The fairy tale "Geese Swans" has a wonderful meaning - you need to help others, and then good will return good. In general, in many fairy tales, the hero goes along the roads, saves the animals, and then everyone responds to him in the same way. Here it is important to learn one important information: there is a delayed good in the world. This means that your good will not necessarily return to you this minute, perhaps they will help you many years later, when you need it. And, most importantly, you should not expect that you will be repaid with kindness - you need to help people just like that.
GEESE SWANS (game)
The game involves from 5 to 40 people.
Description.
On one side of the site (hall) a line is drawn separating the "goose house", on the other side - a line behind which there is a "pasture". From the players choose "shepherd" and "wolf". The rest are "geese" and "swans". They stand in a row in the goose. "Shepherd" is located on the side of the "geese", "wolf" - in the middle of the site. "Shepherd" says: - Geese, swans, walk until the wolf is seen!
All "geese" and "swans" "fly to the pasture", imitating birds. As soon as the "shepherd" says loudly:
“Geese-swans, home, gray wolf behind the mountain!” They run away from the “pasture” to the “goose house”, and the “wolf” catches them to the line of their “goose house”. Those caught are counted and released into their "herd" or they go to the "wolf's lair" and remain there until he is replaced. They play with one "wolf" 2-3 times, then choose a new "wolf" and "shepherd" from those not caught. In conclusion, the best "geese" (never caught by the "wolf") and the best "wolf" (who managed to catch more "geese") are noted. If there are few participants, then they play until all the “geese” are caught.
Rules.
The "geese" are allowed to run out and return to the "goose house" only after the words spoken by the "shepherd". Whoever runs away first is considered to be caught.
"Wolf" can only catch after the words "under the mountain" and only up to the line of the "goose". Children love to have a conversation in this game between the “shepherd” and the “geese”: after the words “gray wolf behind the mountain”, the “geese” ask:
- What is he doing there?
The “shepherd” replies: “The geese are pinching!”
- What?
- Gray and white.
After the last words, the "geese" run home to the "goose house".
This game can be complicated by introducing a second “wolf” into it, placing obstacles in the form of benches (“road”) on the way of movement of the “geese” and “swans”, along which you need to run or jump over.
The driver has the right to catch those who run away only to the “home” line; a player tagged behind the line is not considered to be caught.
Topic: Russian folk tale "Geese-swans"
Lesson Objectives: be able to analyze fairy tales, choose the right passage for reading and retelling; draw a verbal portrait.
During the classes
I. Organizational moment and communication of lesson objectives
II. Introduction to the topic. Preparing for the initial perception
- Guys, what fairy tales do you know?
- Open the Literary Reading textbook. Find the section "Oralfolk art" and read the title of the fairy tales. Whothe author of the stories you read?
- Guess what story this is from.
1) "Since then, the friendship between the fox and the crane has been apart."
2) “Once upon a time there was an old grandmother, a laughing granddaughter,chicken, mouse-leek ... "
3) “Once upon a time there were two mice, Cool and Vert, and a cockerel Vociferous throat."
What is fabulous in these fairy tales?
III. Fairy tale retelling. Primary Perception
Today I will tell a new Russian folk tale "Geese- swans." The heroine of this story is in trouble. How it happened, who helped her - we will learn about all this, carefully listening to a story. I will tell a story with a cartinok, and you try to think about the following questions(questions are written on the blackboard):
- What wonderful objects does the heroine of the fairy tale encounter?
1. In the course of the story, vocabulary work is carried out.
Let's try to explain the meaning of the words:
tow - a bunch of flax prepared for yarn; spindle - a device for hand spinning, a rod for winding thread; stoma - the outlet of the furnace.
2. Checking the primary perception.
- Did you like the fairy tale?
- What did you like about the story?
- What did you like the most?
- What wonderful objects does the girl encounter?
- Who helped the girl save her brother?
- Will we answer these questions after we read the story?
IV. Fairy tale analysis
First step of analysis:
1. Work on understanding the plot, reading fairy tales.
1) The beginning of the action (tie).
2) Action development.
3) Tipping point (main action).
4) The most critical moment in the development of the action (climax).
5) End of action (denouement).
2.
Independent reading - search in parts.
Second stage of analysis:
3. Checking independent work, working on deepening I eat a practical idea about a fairy tale, about a genre.
Find and read the expressions that occur
in a fairy tale:
but) Once upon a time there was a man and a woman - a beginning.
b) Fairy-tale words and expressions: Clear field, dark forest,
the day is drawing to a close, the hut on chicken legs, the old Baba Yaga, silver apples, the maiden, the mother apple tree, the stove-
mother.
4. Work on the word "geese-swans":
- Why is the story called so?
- What kind of birds are "geese-swans"?
5. Word drawing:
- How do the servants of Baba Yaga, the magical "geese-swans" look like in a fairy tale?
- What feelings do you experience when looking at this magical flock?
V. Knowledge update
Selective reading with visual commentary and answers to questions.
- Who helps the girl save her brother, read.
- How did the sister guess who took the brother away?
- Read what the stove, apple tree, river asked the girl for.How did she answer them?
- Why neither the stove, nor the river, nor the apple tree for the first time could a girl?
- Read the passages that talk about how wonderfulthe items helped the children out.
- And why did they help the girl this time?
- Why didn't they help her right away?
- How did the girl's behavior change at the second meeting?
VI. Selective retelling close to the text
1. Imagine yourself in the place of a girl.
2. What could she feel on the threshold of the hut?
3. How did the girl behave in the hut?
VII. Summing up the story
- Why did the misfortune happen? Who is to blame for what happened?
- When and why does a girl change for the better?
Homework
Prepare a retelling of a fairy tale, a drawing for an excerpt, of your choice.
A fairy tale is one of the folklore, and later literary genres. This is an epic work, usually of a prosaic nature, with a heroic, everyday or magical theme. The main features of this genre are the lack of historicity and the undisguised, conspicuous fiction of the plot.
"Geese-swans" - a fairy tale, a summary of which we will consider below, refers to folk. That is, it does not have an author as such, it was composed by the Russian people.
The difference between folk and literary fairy tales
The folklore, or folk, tale appeared earlier than the literary one and was passed down for a long time by word of mouth. Hence the many discrepancies in the plots and variants of such stories. So, we will present here the most common summary of the fairy tale "Geese Swans". However, this does not mean that in other localities and regions of our country this work has exactly the same heroes. The plot as a whole will be the same, but may differ in nuances.
The literary fairy tale was originally invented by the author. Its plot cannot be changed under any circumstances. In addition, initially such a work appeared on paper, and not in oral speech.
Russian folk tale "Geese-swans": a summary. tie
A long time ago there lived a husband and wife. They had two children: the eldest daughter Mashenka and the youngest son Vanya.
Somehow, the parents went to the city and ordered Masha to look after her brother and not leave the yard. And for good behavior they promised gifts.
But as soon as her parents left, Masha put Vanya under the window of the house on the grass, and she herself ran out into the street with her friends.
But then the swan geese appeared from nowhere, the birds picked up the boy and dragged him towards the forest.
Masha returned, looks - Vanya is nowhere to be found. The girl rushed to look for her brother, but he was nowhere to be seen. She called Vanya, but he did not answer. Masha sat down and began to cry, but tears cannot help grief, and she decided to go in search of her brother.
The girl ran from the yard, looked around. And suddenly I saw how geese-swans flew in the distance, and then disappeared into the dark forest. Masha realized who kidnapped her brother, and rushed in pursuit.
The girl ran out into the clearing and saw the stove. I asked her to show me the way. The stove replied that she would tell where the swans had flown if Masha threw firewood on it. The girl fulfilled the request, the stove told where the kidnappers flew. And our heroine ran on.
baba yaga
Masha continues to find out where the swan geese flew. The tale (a summary is presented in this article) tells how a girl meets an apple tree, the branches of which are dotted with ruddy fruits. Masha asks her where the swan geese went. The apple tree asked to shake apples from her, and then she would tell where the birds flew. The girl complied with the request and found out where the kidnappers went.
Mashenka runs further and sees a milky river with jelly banks. The girl asks by the river where the swan geese flew. And she answered: "Move the stone that prevents me from flowing, then I will tell you." Masha moved the stone, and the river indicated where the birds went.
The girl ran to the dense forest. And then the hedgehog showed her the way. He curled up in a ball and rolled to the hut on chicken legs. Baba Yaga is sitting in that hut, and Vanya is playing with golden apples by the porch. Masha crept up, grabbed Vanya and rushed to run.
Baba Yaga noticed that the boy was gone, and sent the swan geese in pursuit.
The denouement of the work
"Geese-swans", a fairy tale, the summary of which we present here, is coming to an end. Masha runs with her brother and sees that birds are overtaking them. Then she rushed to the river and asked her to cover them. The river hid them, and the pursuers flew past without noticing anything.
And again the children are running, not far from the house left. But then the birds again noticed the fugitives. They strive to snatch their brother out of their hands. But then Masha noticed the stove, in which she took refuge with Vanyusha. The geese-swans could not reach the children and returned back to Baba Yaga.
The brother and sister got out of the stove and ran home. Here Masha washed and combed Vanya, seated him on a bench, and sat down next to him. Soon the parents returned and brought gifts for the children. Their daughter didn't tell them anything. So the swan geese were left with nothing.
A fairy tale (a summary confirms this) refers to the so-called magical. Such works are characterized by the presence of a magical villain (Baba Yaga in our case) and magical helpers (stove, apple tree, river, hedgehog).
"There are - there are other fairy tales in which one of the acting heroes are swan geese.There are 2 main plots:
1.
Fairy tale "Geese-swans"
Husband and wife went to the fair and left their little son at home. The older sister, who was assigned to watch over her brother, “got drunk and played” and left him alone. The baby was carried away by swan geese. The girl set off in pursuit of them and eventually found her brother in the hut of Baba Yaga.
In essence, the plot of a fairy tale - rite displayinitiation(a rite that marks the transition to a new stage of development, for example, the transfer of adolescents to the adult class), the subject of which in the primary source is the kidnapped brother, but later this role passes to the sister. Accordingly, the images of swan geese themselves, most likely, go back to ancient mythological ideas about psychophoric birds (that is, those that carry souls to the afterlife).
But even in this fairy tale there are "versions" ...
Afanasiev's sister would not have found a brother if the wise hedgehog had not helped her.
In the processing of A. N. Tolstoy, she finds it herself.
At Afanasiev, she simply sneaks to the hut and takes her brother away.
In the adaptation of A. N. Tolstoy, she enters the hut, talks with Baba Yaga, etc., and only seizing the moment when she does not see - runs away with his brother.
2.
Fairy tale "Ivashko and the Witch" (either "Lutonya" or "Tereshechka")
This tale has been recorded many times and in a large number of versions, its main character has various names (Ivashko, Lutonya, Tereshechka).
Here is a generalized version:
The old man and the old woman had no children. One winter, the old man went to the forest to get firewood. Having chopped wood, the old man also took with him a litter box, a lime log. At home, he put the flask under the stove (sometimes on the stove) and after a while the piece of wood turned into a boy. (In some versions, the old man specially goes for this log, then draws a face on a piece of wood with charcoal, and the old woman swaddles her and puts her in a cradle.) By the summer, the boy had grown up and went to the lake to fish. The old man made a shuttle for him - white (silver), with red (gold) oars, and the old woman gave him a white shirt with a red belt. During the day, the boy swims on the lake, and in the evening he swims up to the shore to give the old woman the fish he caught and change his shirt and belt. Baba Yaga lures him to the shore and takes him to her hut. There she instructs her daughter to roast the boy, but he manages to deceive Yagishna, put her into the oven, get out of the hut and climb a tree. Yaga is taken to gnaw or chop the trunk. At the last moment, the hero of the tale is rescued by swan geese. A flying flock drops the boy "by a feather" and he makes wings out of them (that is, he turns into a bird), or the last bird picks him up. Be that as it may, the hero returns safely to his home.
In the Lithuanian version of this tale, a witch flying along with the swans kidnaps him, mistaking him for a swan.
In the form of birds, the bewitched brothers from the fairy tale also leave this world. Hans Christian Andersen (Hans Christian) «
»
.
And the most interesting thing is that in the myths of the South American Indians living in the Amazon jungle, the South American witch is engaged in sexual harassment, and the tree where the hero is saved is trying to gnaw through with the help of toothy genitals. According to researchers, some of the characteristics inherent in matriarchal relationships are encoded in the South American myth.
From all this it is clear that swan geese are "bad"
And "good ones"
.
"Bad" geese-swans steal a child and take him to Baba Yaga (the fairy tale "Geese-swans"), and "good" - help the boy escape from Yaga and return home (the fairy tale "Ivashko and the Witch").
Plot origins
To understand the origins of the plot of these fairy tales, one must turn to mythology =)
Apollo traveled every season in a chariot drawn by snow-white swans. In late autumn, he flew to the blissful country of Hyperborea (super-north), in order to return back to Delphi in the spring. Almost all the peoples of the northern hemisphere associated "north" with death, therefore Hyperborea is not a geographical, but a mythological concept.
* It turns out that the "bad" swan geese take the Brother to Baba Yaga-
that is, sentenced to death.
In addition, we can recall the myth of Zeus, who appeared before Leda in the form of a swan.
And now let's turn to the tale of the "good" swan geese. Yagishna is trying to send the boy to the furnace, he runs away and climbs a tree, and then, either turning into a bird, or riding on it, he returns to our world.
Swans are an integral part of shamanic rites, and it was believed that it was they who carried the soul of the shaman in the right direction.
Altai shamans sang about the goose: "When you get tired, let it be your horse. When you get bored, let it be your comrade, producing whirlwinds on Mount Sumer, washing in Milky Lake."
The Turks and Ugro-Finns call the Milky Way the Goose or Swan Road.
* We see that the "good" swan geese opposite return Ivashko in the right direction, that is, home.
Swan geese
In mythological symbolism, the image of swan geese is perfect for the role of a mediator, linking seemingly mutually exclusive basic symbols of any mythology: top and bottom, summer and winter, and, as a result, between male and female, life and death.
Birds (top), but associated with water (bottom); bringing spring, but having snow-white plumage.
Among the Ainu (the people currently living on the island of Hokkaido), the swan was called the "spirit of snow."
According to the Kyrgyz, the swan brings snow and cold.
In England, when it snowed, they said that geese were nibbling in the sky.
Russian folk sign:
The swan flies to the snow, the goose to the rain.
If in winter geese-swans turn into snow, then in spring, on the contrary, snow turns into geese, swans.
Among the Kets (a small indigenous people of Siberia), Mother-Tomem comes to the banks of the Yenisei in spring and shakes her sleeves over the river, fluff falls from her sleeves and turns into geese, swans, ducks that fly to the north.
It should be noted that geese and swans are far from being synonymous in all cases - they are often opposed to each otherbottom- top, someone else's- to his own.
The Selkups (a people living in the north of Western Siberia) believed that while geese and other migratory birds were sent by the Heavenly Old Woman for food, swans should not be killed. According to the ideas of the Kets and Selkups, swans understood human speech.
For many peoples of the Trans-Urals, geese and swans were totem animals.
The Ainu had legends about the origin of man from a swan.
The Mongols believed that the first people were made of swan paws.
Baba Yaga
To the already listed female characters associated with swan geese, it remains to add the Russian Babu Yaga. These birds guarded her hut in the same way as the geese guarded the temple of Juno Capitoline (the same geese that saved Rome).
In modern everyday language, the word "Yaga" sounds like a curse. In ancient times, it was not so at all. Baba Yaga belonged to the category of Great Mothers, mistresses of the underworld, associated not only with death, but also with the productive forces of nature.
In some fairy tales such as "Geese-Swans" a sister sees a kidnapped brother playing with golden apples, which in European mythology are associated with eternal youth, sexual power and procreation.
Russian Yaga - the hostess of the apple orchard, she lures the boy to her with apples or other food, and in some versions of the tale, he himself climbs into her garden.
Since in the myth the animal attribute of any character is not clearly opposed to the character himself, the mistress of the lower world sometimes appears in the form of a giant bird. (*it seems to me that Baba Yaga herself turned into swan geese in the fairy tale of the same name and kidnapped her brother).
How closely in Russia swan geese were associated with the idea of the afterlife is evidenced by folk songs, usually attributed to the historical genre - "Songs about the Tatar population". The Tatar who captured her makes the old woman"three things to do: the first thing- spin the tow, the second thing- swans (sometimes- swan geese) to guard, and the third thing- rock the baby."
Deep into history
At the beginning of the first millennium BC, a new symbolism appeared in Central Europe. Throughout the territory from the Black Sea to the Baltic Sea, archaeologists have discovered images of chariots drawn by geese or swans. The waterfowl served as a solar symbol linking the heavenly and earthly spheres, a symbol of fertility.
Archaeological material of a later time is quite rich in the "swan" theme and allows us to trace its significance, including in the territories inhabited by the Eastern Slavs or their predecessors. Near the village of Pozharskaya Balka, near Poltava, a ritual fire site was excavated dating back to the 6th century. BC e. , on which about 15 2-meter (!) images of swans were found under a layer of ash.
Conclusion
Here are the swan geese, here is the Russian folk tale =)
Any fairy tale is not "entertainment" for kids, but a kind of folklore myth of a certain people, through which the concepts of good and evil, religion and society are revealed...
Geese-swans, it seems to me, a priori, cannot be "bad" or "good", since they carry some kind of divine participation. Geese-swans and that lightning of Zeus that strikes for wrongdoing (in the case of a brother and his sister, this is a punishment for her because she did not listen to her parents and did not follow her brother), and the salvation that the Gods bestow on mortals (Ivashko, as it were prayed when he sat on a tree gnawed by Yagishna, and the Gods heard the prayers and sent their angels).
Links
Basically, when writing the post, I used the journalistic Valeria Ronkina - I strongly advise you to get acquainted with it more closely, since I singled out the line of swan geese that interests me from this article, but much remained "behind the scenes". So keep it up ;)
The main characters of the fairy tale "Geese-swans":
- Brother- in some versions it bears the name Ivashushka, but is usually not called by name.
- sister- a brave girl, not afraid of Baba Yaga and her geese; in some versions it is called Alyonushka or Masha, but more often - nameless.
- Stove, river and apple tree- wonderful helpers, but only on the way back (the girl fulfills their requirements), they help to hide from swan geese.
- mouse- there is only in the processing of A. N. Tolstoy (helps the girl escape from Yaga).
- Baba Yaga.
- Swan geese- assistants of Baba Yaga.
The theme of responsiveness and gratitude is revealed in the fairy tale. When the girl refused the requests of the magical characters to taste the treats, she did not receive any help. But when on the way back the sister tasted the treats offered to her, help was immediately rendered to her. Know how to be responsive and grateful, and goodness will return to you a hundredfold.
In the fairy tale "Geese Swans", the sister who saved her brother is the positive hero, and Baba Yaga, who planned to eat the girl, is the negative hero.
The plot of the tale is built according to the classical canons. It has an opening in the form of the words “Once upon a time there were ..”, and an exposition when the parents instruct the girl to follow her brother. The moment of the kidnapping of the brother by birds is the beginning of the plot, and the discovery of the kidnapped boy from Baba Yaga is its climax. Escape from Baba Yaga and return to his home is the denouement of the plot.
, Alexandra Snezhko-Blotskaya , Alexander Kovalenkov Artists Lev Milchin, Nadezhda Stroganova, V. Nechaeva , more
Do you know that
- The qualitative dynamics of the characters in the film is achieved thanks to the meticulous drawing of real people and birds shot on film.
- In the original tale, the swan geese already have a bad reputation, the girl discovered the kidnapping when they only flickered in the distance and concluded the crime.
- The sorceress in the true story distracted the boy - she let him play with golden apples, and not just sit on the bench.
- Mashenka refused the characters she met at the source, so the only one who helped her was a hedgehog, and in the cartoon each new character contributed to a happy ending.
- According to the fairy tale, the hurried girl then had to beg the river, the apple tree and the stove to hide her from her pursuers, in the Soviet cartoon, on the contrary, they all happily respond in gratitude for the services rendered earlier.
- The great researcher of fairy tales, Vladimir Propp, proved that “Swan Geese” is a continuation of the story “Ivashka and the Witch” about a found boy, and his hypothesis is confirmed even by the seasons, which exactly correspond to the logic of the plot. On this basis, it is assumed that both children are most likely adopted, and Baba Yaga has long been hunting for the boy, whom she abducted twice, and seeks to return the girl - her own daughter, whose real name is Alenka.
- The mistress of the hut on chicken legs in the cartoon is presented as evil, but in ancient times she was regarded as one of the foremothers, the mistress of the underworld, who controls fertility. Therefore, it is no coincidence that it is the hedgehog digging holes that shows Mashenka the most accurate path.
- Geese-swans were also interpreted in antiquity as otherworldly birds.
More facts (+5)
cartoon bugs
- The chances of a brunette mom having blond children are very slim, but both main characters are platinum blonde.
- The shoes of the girls and Baba Yaga, judging by the contour and color, are similar to bast shoes, but they can only stay on their feet with the help of bandages, they would fly off while running.
- The sorceress uses the key only as a whistle: the doors of the magical hut do not have a lock and open at her command.
Plot
Beware, the text may contain spoilers!
Mashenka and little Vanechka are escorting their parents to the city. The father tells the daughter to take care of her brother and not leave the yard. The girl sits the baby on the grass and runs to play with her friends in the clearing.
Suddenly geese-swans arrive, mighty birds with huge wings. They frightened the children and, in front of the main character, carried away her brother.
Masha was at a loss: she was forbidden to leave the yard, but she had to save Vanechka too. The choice is made: a lonely child rushed after the pursuers.
On the way we met a magic stove. Breathing heavily, she asked to take out of her rye pies. Despite the need to hurry, the kind girl took pity and took out a heavy baking sheet.
The stove suggested the further path of the kidnappers. But can a little girl keep up with the mighty birds?
A new meeting awaited her - with an apple tree, which asked to get rid of heavy fruits. The compassionate girl helped the tree and got a new clue about the flight of swans.
The road led the girl into a gloomy thicket. The main character was already ready to despair, but a kind hedgehog just showed her the rest of the way - to Baba Yaga's hut, on whose orders Vanechka was kidnapped.
Masha crept to the window where her brother was sitting, grabbed him and rushed away. The sorceress raised the alarm, and now the swan geese are chasing the children.
However, a grateful river, a kind apple tree and a warm stove helped the fugitives. With the help of cunning, the girl scared away the birds and returned home, however, for this she had to sacrifice her favorite handkerchief.
In the last shots, happy children enjoy the gifts that their parents brought from the city.
