Laying a brick well with your own hands. Brick well - do-it-yourself masonry: the most important points. Construction of technical wells

Wells are a multifunctional structure. There are different types of them depending on the purpose, the material of manufacture. What are they? What is the technology of laying brick wells, read the article.

Types of wells

These structures are different, which depends on many factors: purpose, soil composition and much more.

There are the following types of wells:

• Key- the most economical and simple. They are descending and ascending, depending on the availability of keys.
• Mine wells. To create them, it is necessary to dig a shaft 10-20 meters deep. The shape of such wells is different: round, rectangular, square.
• Pipe wells. They are made in a round shape, resembling a pipe. These are durable and hygienic structures.

Wells are constructed from a variety of materials. It can be brick, stone, concrete, reinforced concrete, wood.

mine wells

These structures, regardless of type, have the same design - an elongated pit, the depth of which is 5-15 meters. The walls of such a well are reinforced, the head is neatly decorated. The advantages of a mine-type structure are that there is constant access to drinking water, which is not only stored here, but also replenished in a natural way. Such a well is extremely rarely completely drained.

brick mine

Different types of shaft wells differ little from each other in their design. The difference between a stone and a brick well, for example, is small. The main difference is in the laying of bricks, where a certain scheme is applied. In order for the walls of the well to be reliable, the width of the masonry should be one to one and a half bricks. The round shape of the shaft is achieved through the use of a stabilizing profile.

If a brick or stone shaft is not reinforced with a frame that forms the skeleton of the entire well structure, it will very soon begin to crumble. For the manufacture of the support frame, a metal profile, fittings or waterproof wood species are used.

pipe well

The laying of a brick well begins with the preparation of frames. Their diameter should be equal to the diameter of the future well. The main one is the bottom frame. For its manufacture, metal, reinforced concrete is used, or since it must be the most durable. The frame is 10 cm thick. The width is equal to the thickness of the masonry. The size of the outer diameter is 5-6 centimeters larger than the outer diameter of the intermediate frames.

The outer edge of the frame around the entire perimeter below has a steel knife. Wooden is both the upper and intermediate frame. They are fastened together with nails. The thickness of these frames is 8 centimeters, and the width is the same or slightly less than the thickness of the masonry.

Along the perimeter of the frames, it is necessary to drill holes under each other, between which there will be the same distance. They are needed in order to insert anchors into them. The bottom frame has six anchors that are tightly secured with a nut and washer. After checking the level, the finished frame is lowered horizontally into the pit, and an intermediate frame is put on it with the help of nuts and washers. To make the structure stronger, it is necessary to strengthen it from above with logs.

Masonry of brick wells

This process is performed in one - one and a half bricks. In this case, the rows can only be bonded or alternate with spoon ones. Necessarily, regardless of the type of masonry, the first two rows are bonded. To maintain the correct round shape, experts recommend using templates that are made in the form of rings with two halves fastened with wedges.

Laying wells with your own hands is not difficult if everything is done correctly. First, a cement mortar 1-1.5 centimeters thick is applied to the main frame and leveled. Bricks of the first row are placed on it, then the second and so on. If the masonry of the wells is round, there will be gaps between the bricks on the outside. They need to be filled with bricks broken into small pieces mixed with mortar.

During masonry, do not forget about the holes for the anchors. They are made in bricks. Gaps must be sealed with cement mortar. In order to obtain a solid brick laying, a thin wire should be laid in two layers along the entire length of each fourth row. When the distance between the intermediate frame and the top row becomes 5-6 centimeters, the masonry must be suspended, the anchors fixed on the frame, and the free space filled with mortar. But beforehand, gravel or crushed stone is added to it in a ratio of 1: 3. The solution must be compacted. For this, a wooden board is suitable, the width of which matches the distance between the frame and the bricks.

When water enters the well through the walls, holes for windows equal to 25x50 centimeters are left in them. They will be equipped with water filters. Reinforcement is applied to the brickwork of the upper row and poured with a cement mortar 20-25 centimeters thick.

Plastering

After the laying of brick wells with their own hands is completed, they begin to plaster their internal and external walls. To facilitate this operation, you need to stock up on beacons, which are smooth, even slats. For this work, six pieces are enough. They are installed at the same distance from each other in those places where the anchors are attached.

The lighthouse is separated from the lighthouse by a wooden semicircle, which is called a malka. Its radius is half the diameter of the inside of the well. Malka moves along the beacons from top to bottom and vice versa, thereby leveling the solution that was previously applied to the wall.

It is impossible to immediately plaster the walls along their entire height, this is done in stripes. Each time, the beacons need to be removed, and the gaps should be sealed with mortar. In order not to clog the bottom with lumps of the falling solution, it is covered with boards.

Plaster the inner and outer surface of the walls of the well in two stages. First, a liquid mortar is sprayed to fill all the cracks in the brickwork, and then a thicker one.

After the first strip of masonry has been plastered, it is necessary to continue sampling the soil and laying the second strip. So you should alternate work until the well is completely dug to the desired depth, which is fixed with concrete slabs placed under the knives of the main frame. The plates should extend beyond the boundaries of the well by about half a meter. After all work is completed, the bottom of the well must be well cleaned and covered with rubble, gravel or sand.

sewer well

The laying of wells of this type is carried out using clay bricks that do not allow water to pass through. In the absence of such, red will do. Laying is carried out in half a brick. Sewer wells are round, rectangular or square. To create them, you will need a lot of bricks, cement, sand, bitumen, greasy clay, crushed stone, as well as a floor slab and a ventilation pipe.

But first you need to choose a place where the laying of brick wells will be carried out. Instructions with safety requirements for the installation and operation of sewer wells must be observed. The arrangement of such structures is carried out at a distance of 30 meters from the source of drinking water.

If the well is intended for the accumulation of waste, it is placed in a summer cottage so that a sewage pumping machine can drive up to it.

How to calculate the capacity of a sewer well?

This is easy to do. It is necessary to multiply the amount of water consumed per day in the country and the number of days during which sewage accumulates, for the processing of which microorganisms require three days. This must be taken into account when building a treatment plant made of bricks. It should be of such size that there is enough space for the accumulation of waste for several days.

Brick laying of a sewer well

After determining the location of the well, acquiring the necessary material, construction begins. The technological process of laying brick wells begins with pouring the foundation. The solution is prepared from two parts of sand, one each - gravel and cement. Height 20 centimeters. After pouring, it needs to be given time to harden. Usually one week is enough for this. Every day the foundation must be watered.

Then masonry of wells is done, plastering of the bottom and walls, coating with bitumen in two layers. A ceiling made of a reinforced concrete slab or a tarred wooden shield, a hatch and a pipe for ventilation are installed.

brickwork

Structures of this type are used in water supply and sewerage facilities. it is recommended to place at a distance of at least 3-12 meters from the dwelling. Its owner determines its size individually. The main requirement is the availability of conditions for work related to the maintenance of the pipeline.

Wells can have different shapes. The walls of a round well have a thickness equal to the length of one brick, which is laid with pokes. Rectangular brick laying is carried out according to a two-row system.

For laying bricks in dry soil, a mortar of cement and sand is used in a ratio of 1:4, and in wet soil - 1:3. The seams inside the well are also rubbed with mortar.

If groundwater occurs at the depth of a dug well, its outer surface is plastered. The thickness of the layer reaches two centimeters, and the height is half a meter above the groundwater level. When laying the walls of the well, brackets made of cast iron or steel are embedded in its seams. The distance between them is 35 centimeters. Staples are arranged vertically in a checkerboard pattern in two rows. They replace steps during the descent and ascent into the mine.

Requirements

There are special requirements for the material from which the well is being built. Brick should not have chips, cracks and be hollow. The solution is taken with a standard formulation. It consists of Portland cement M400 and clean sand with a grain size of no more than two millimeters. The mortar is stronger if it contains less sand. It is easy to find out by the ratio of ingredients. M50 brand solution is considered optimal: one part of cement and four of sand.

When creating a well, a variety of materials can be used. In the modern world, plastic pipes of large diameter, as well as reinforced concrete structures, are very popular. In addition, brick can be used to create masonry. Today, brickwork as a well is built extremely rarely, which is associated with its shortcomings, but there are several advantages. Consider the pros and cons of brick wells in more detail.

1. Tightness.
2. Long service life.
3. Environmental resistance.
4. Durability and reliability.

All these points should be considered when creating a well for a mine or a purification system.

What are the features of a brick well

The considered brickwork practically does not differ from those that are created during the construction of other structures. However, there are several nuances:

1. In order for the load from the liquid to spread evenly, a round-shaped structure is created. Cylindrical masonry is quite difficult to erect.
2. When creating a well, red brick is used, which itself is made of clay. This is due to the fact that clay can repel water, which means that red brick masonry has high insulating qualities.
3. As a solution, with the use of which the construction of a structure is carried out, a composition with high insulating qualities is used.

When choosing all materials, one should take into account the fact that high humidity will constantly affect the structure. In addition, the masonry must withstand the effects of the environment, as well as the accumulated liquid.

Advantages of masonry wells

There are quite a few strengths in brickwork. This is due to its widespread use in creating a wide variety of designs. Let's take the following as an example:

1. Brickwork is lighter than reinforced concrete rings. That is why the created structure puts less pressure on the base. This feature determines that less labor is devoted to preparing the base.
2. Simplifies the delivery process of the main material. For example, if reinforced concrete rings are heavy and require special loading equipment, then bricks are easy to load and transport.
3. You can build a well with your own hands. This moment significantly reduces construction costs.
4. Properly constructed structures can withstand significant environmental impacts. At the same time, its service life is very long.
5. You can create designs of various shapes.

In addition, the pluses include the fact that when building a well, bricks that have already been used can be used. Similar designs were widespread before the advent of large diameter plastic pipes. However, today, due to the rather large number of minuses of brickwork, it is built extremely rarely.

disadvantages

There are a lot of minuses in brickwork. The main ones include the following:

1. The structure being erected cannot withstand the high pressure exerted by the environment. An example is the fact that the displacement of the soil causes the destruction of the well. As a result, a situation may arise when individual bricks break off from the structure.
2. Only an experienced bricklayer can carry out the construction of the structure. This is due to the fact that only with a certain arrangement of bricks, the structure under construction can stand for a long time. In addition, a common problem is not maintaining the horizontal level, and as a result of the blockage, the walls may collapse. Making mistakes during construction is the reason why wells do not last long.
3. Difficulties arise in the selection of material. Even when buying a new brick, there is a high chance that some bricks will have a defect in the form of cracks. When using them, there is also a possibility of a significant decrease in the strength of the structure. Prolonged exposure to moisture will further aggravate the situation.
4. Another reason why many decide to abandon brickwork and install a large diameter plastic pipe is the difficulty in cleaning. In the case of a sewer well, the problems with cleaning the surface are very significant. So mold can form on the surface of the brickwork and plaque can accumulate, and cleaning by using a Karcher is impossible, since strong pressure causes the solution to blur.
5. The surface of the brickwork has a high roughness, as a result of which plaque growths form on the surface. Red brick has high porosity. Therefore, with prolonged use, bacteria can form in the water, an unpleasant odor appears.

In general, we can say that there are quite a few shortcomings in a brick well. All these qualities determine the unsuitability of a brick well both in the water supply system and in wastewater disposal.

Features of construction work

Despite the very large number of shortcomings in such structures, it is built extremely often. This is due to the simple construction work. So for their implementation the following tools are required:

1. Pickaxe.
2. Shoulder blade.
3. Building level.
4. Rule.
5. Solution spatula.
6. Order.
7. Plumb.
8. Capron cord.
9. Stitching.

The above list of tools determines that construction work does not require large investments at the preparatory stage. It is this moment that can be called the positive side of building a well from brickwork.

Main problems

When building a well, a problem arises related to maintaining the required vertical level. In such a case, the probability of collapse of the structure is high. That is why the following recommendations for the work should be taken into account:

1. Much attention is paid to creating a uniform base. Only in this case the masonry is even.
2. Much depends on how the first row is laid. Therefore, when laying them, a level is always used. To speed up the laying process, a cord is pulled between several bricks. However, you should check the position of each brick separately, which will eliminate the occurrence of an angle of inclination of the walls.
3. Care must be taken to remove the excess layer of concrete from the joints to obtain a smooth surface.
4. Each subsequent level should also be checked using a level. Even the slightest slope will cause a strong deviation of the wall from the vertical plane.
5. To increase the service life of the structure, the surface is plastered.

Another most common problem is the low strength of the structure. Due to prolonged exposure to moisture, the adhesive composition used may lose its properties. That is why you should choose high-grade cement and mix it in proportions that will ensure water-resistant qualities.

Due to the fact that the structure is created by using individual bricks, it determines the relatively low strength of the walls. Ways to solve the problem may be different, but most often the reinforcement of the structure around the perimeter is carried out:

1. Special grooves are created in the bricks, designed for reinforcement. They are created by using a wall chaser or grinder.
2. After that, the selected reinforcement is laid. When laying the reinforcement, it is poured with a cement composition, which will significantly increase the strength of the entire structure.

Due to the reinforcement, the rigidity of the structure is significantly increased, and hence its resistance to pressure from the environment or liquid.

In conclusion, we note that when creating small-capacity wells, you can use red brick. However, to create modern systems, only large-diameter plastic pipes have recently been used. They have better performance than brick wells.

One of the most important indicators of the quality of modern buildings is their energy efficiency, i.e. the ability to retain heat in the interior through the use of the most stable materials in terms of thermal conductivity. At the same time, a simple thickening of the walls, unfortunately, does not help: according to modern standards, even in the Moscow region, which is not distinguished by prolonged extreme temperatures in the cold season, the thickness of a solid brick wall should be more than two meters.

Obviously, such a solution is not suitable in many respects, ranging from increased consumption of building materials to creating unacceptably high loads on the foundation. Therefore, the way out in this situation is seen in the use of more advanced construction technologies.

Well brickwork

To reduce the thermal conductivity of walls built using bricks, the so-called well (or well) masonry is often used. The essence of this construction technique is that only the inner and outer parts of the wall are made of bricks to a certain thickness, and the cavity (well) formed between them is filled with heat-insulating material.

As a filler, various types of lightweight concrete, bulk materials or insulation boards made of expanded polystyrene or mineral wool can be used.

To achieve the required strength, parallel walls are connected by transverse bridges (diaphragms). Usually they are made half a brick thick at a distance of 2-4 bricks from each other. Every five or six rows, the masonry of the vertical diaphragm is reinforced with welded mesh. At the lower level of the ceiling and under the window lintels (for two rows), horizontal stiffening ribs are arranged from a reinforcing mesh wound into the outer and inner surfaces of the walls and protected by a mortar layer.

Sometimes the transverse diaphragm is made of reinforcement bars with a diameter of 5-10 mm with bent ends. This avoids the formation of cold bridges inside the well, which can significantly reduce the effectiveness of thermal insulation.

Advantages and disadvantages of well masonry

Like any other building technology, well masonry has its advantages and disadvantages. Its strengths include the following:

• The possibility of erecting buildings with acceptable dimensions of the main walls in full compliance with building codes. Permissible heat loss is provided with a thickness of not more than 64 cm.
• Reducing the total weight of the structure and, as a result, the load on the foundation.
• Saving bricks and reducing the cost of construction while increasing the speed of work.

At the same time, it should be noted that there are several rather serious disadvantages of walls made in the form of an insulated well:

• Decreased strength and uniformity of the structure.
• Formation of condensate in the middle layer of the well during the cold season.
• The heat to which the masonry is exposed in the heat can lead to the destruction of the insulation inside it.

The first problem is solved by a competent calculation of vertical and horizontal diaphragms; to combat the second phenomenon, the inner surfaces of the well are covered with a vapor barrier layer with a mandatory ventilation gap device (at least 10 cm). The third drawback is eliminated by the use of special types of insulation that are resistant to thermal decomposition and have a high degree of hydrophobicity. One of the most suitable options is mineral wool with basalt filler.

Features of the device well brickwork

Depending on the required strength, the masonry of the inside of the wall can be half, one or one and a half bricks thick. It is made from solid building bricks of the most affordable brands (for example, M100). The front side performs decorative functions, protects the insulation from the outside and is made of special bricks. Most often, the thicknesses of the outer and inner layers of the walls are the same, and the width of the well is selected based on the insulation used.

Well masonry necessarily implies the presence of vertical diaphragms, which are tied up with longitudinal rows through one. If the well is filled with bulk materials, then, in order to avoid their subsidence, each layer 30–50 cm high is rammed and spilled with a solution.

Backfilling of walls is usually done after the construction of five or six tiers of bricks. This height is just enough to produce the subsequent pouring of the mortar diaphragm.

The sequence of works on well masonry

Laying walls according to the technology described above usually does not cause serious difficulties for those who have at least minimal experience in stone work. Well technology requires competent calculation, accuracy and the performance of all operations in a certain order:

Well masonry is ideal for building walls of low-rise buildings. It provides an optimal combination of brick consumption, heat-insulating properties and labor intensity. The main disadvantage of this technology is the impossibility of replacing the insulation during operation, which, however, is quite easy to manage with competent calculation and the right choice of filler material.

If you live in a private house or country house, there is a need to obtain water for cooking and other needs. The easiest way is brick wells. Their construction will ensure the constant availability of clean water, for which you do not have to pay.

Concrete rings or bricks

• A simpler and more profitable way to build a well is to build walls from reinforced concrete rings. If desired, you can even do all the work yourself, despite their heavy weight, using levers.
• Another advantage in favor of reinforced concrete rings is the high speed of construction, there is no need to wait for the solution to solidify.
• Brick wells are well suited for areas with a high level of groundwater, up to 4 meters deep. Its price will be higher than concrete rings, but the brick will be easier to deliver and lay alone, without hired workers.

Note! When erecting brickwork, it is necessary to protect the area around the well from the effects of precipitation. Long rains can provoke a collapse of the soil in an unfinished pit.

Preparatory work

If you decide to dig a well with your own hands, then before that you need to reconnoiter the soil in order to determine the presence and depth of groundwater. The video in this article shows how water is searched for at the site using drilling.

Depending on the depth of the water, different types of wells are used. If the depth is significant, then a more correct solution would be to use a tubular well, since its design is more reliable and is mounted faster than usual, but it will not work out on your own. To do this, you need to drill a well and install a pump with a water filter.

If the depth is not very large, then you can dig a hydraulic mine well. To obtain water without a pump, a special frame is installed. It holds the soil, and does not pollute the water, and also removes the influx of water from the upper layers of the soil, which is not suitable for drinking.

Selection and calculation of materials

As a material for walls, you can use not only building bricks, but also stone, but it will be more difficult due to the different sizes of cobblestones. For these works, only clay and cement mortar is used. No other materials, such as double silicate brick M 150, are suitable for a well for two reasons: they quickly collapse at constant humidity.

In order for the well brickwork to be durable, it is necessary to select bricks without cracks and chips. To calculate the number of bricks for construction, use the formula to determine the area: 2Pi*R*h, where Pi = 3.14, R- radius, h- the depth of the pit. For example, the calculation of the area for a well 3 m deep with a radius of 0.5 m will look like this:

2* 3.14 * 0.5 * 3 = 9.42 m2

General construction technology

Brick wells are of two types: round and rectangular (square). Before laying, you need to make markings along the radius or extreme points. The width of the pit should be a few centimeters wider than the masonry.

Before laying, you need to make a foundation of concrete, its height depends on the depth and the presence of groundwater.

Round walls are laid out with bonded masonry so that small edges form a round surface inside. At the bottom there should be a working chamber, with a larger radius than the mouth of a brick well. For its formation, you need to shift each new row 1.5-3 centimeters. Thus, the expansion of the well below will be due to the overlap on the walls. For square wells, you need to make laps only on three sides, and the fourth side will be flat for mounting the stairs.

The ladder is made from U-shaped metal pipes (brackets), which are installed during laying in the wall.

For masonry reliability, you need to shift adjacent rows by ¼. In addition, it is reinforced and plastered. Do not spare the mortar at the seams, especially outside. For additional protection of the brick from moisture and greater durability, it can be treated with penetrating waterproofing.

Note! When digging deep holes, you need to pay special attention to strengthening the walls. The deeper you dig, the greater the chance of the ground collapsing. To avoid this, it is recommended to strengthen the soil every 1 meter with temporary wooden rings.

Even the smallest brick well masonry requires at least one helper. One person works with masonry - the second delivers bricks, makes mortar.

Masonry from below

If the well is more than 5 meters deep, then laying is usually done from below.

• To do this, markings are made at the bottom of the pit with pegs and the wall thickness is determined. Usually it is 1 or 1.5 bricks. Too thin walls can collapse due to ground movement, and the masonry will collapse.

• For safe operation, you need to make 3 round frames: 1 main reinforced concrete and 2 additional wood. The thickness of the main frame should be 5-10 centimeters more than the masonry, and the additional ones should be with the same diameter relative to the masonry. Holes for fittings are made in the main frame along the entire diameter. Metal rods are inserted into them, which will strengthen the walls. Additional frames are put on top of the reinforcement and screwed with nuts (see photo above). As the walls are laid, they will rise, and eventually completely removed.

• Water is pumped out from the bottom and laying begins along the reinforcing cage. The most important thing here is to maintain the evenness of the walls, this is especially difficult to do in high structures. To do this, you can make a round template for verification before starting work.
• In this case, one must not forget to shift each new row relative to the previous one so that the seams do not intersect. The seams are sealed with cement-crushed stone mortar. At the end, the walls are plastered from the inside.

Masonry from above

Masonry from above is more difficult for beginners, and here you can not do without the help of an experienced bricklayer. This method is used for both small and deep wells, when built using monolithic technology.

• The principle of the technology is to lower the masonry on a pre-prepared reinforced concrete base. It has a metal frame (the so-called reinforcing knife).
• Unlike masonry from below, reinforcement is immediately cemented into the concrete base, and not installed in drilled holes.
• When the foundation is ready, laying is done using the technology of a monolithic well. At the same time, plastering from the outside occurs immediately. Gradually, the walls go down, by removing the soil under them.

Each owner plans the water supply of the site based on the possibilities. If there is a water supply system, specialized organizations can supply water. This will relieve unnecessary anxiety.

But often the issue of water supply to the site can be solved by building a well. To provide water to a plot or house, you can lower the pump into the well. Brick masonry is especially popular. This is the easiest way for a beginner. With a few helpful tips and a little effort, you can build a well on your property and solve the water problem.

Before you start digging a well, you need to determine if there is water in the area. To do this, make test drilling. The most accurate and reliable way. Sometimes the presence of water is determined by folk methods or by plants growing nearby. More often, according to folk signs, they plan drilling, and then they study the soil, and draw conclusions about the presence of water under it.

Growing near the site, hazel, willow speak of water at a depth of 2-4 meters, wedge or elder indicate groundwater at a depth of 5-8 meters.

After reliable information about the water, you can start digging a well.

Well device

When constructing wells, you must adhere to some rules:

• determine the location of the future well
• take into account the time of year for digging
• observe safety precautions at work

A place for a well well must be chosen in advance. It is not recommended to place a well near residential buildings. Groundwater will erode the soil, and this will lead to settlement of the house or building near the well. The most optimal location of the well from a residential building is 15-20 meters. Also, the well should be located away from sources of alleged pollution: drain pits, cemeteries, stockyards, fields with possible leaks of pesticides. Poisons that have entered groundwater have an extremely negative effect on the human body, while not changing the taste of water.

The distance of the well from potential sources of pollution is 25-30 meters.

The most favorable time of the year for digging a well is early autumn. The groundwater level is the lowest, which will allow you to dig a well a little deeper than the expected water level.

Experts do not recommend building wells if the water is too high to the ground surface. So you run the risk of being left without water during the hot period. Too deep water intake can result in unusable water. The recommended depth of a well well is 10-20 meters. There are times when drinking water remains at a depth of 50 meters, but it's not worth the risk.

What material is better to use for well masonry

To get started, choose the right construction tool, you will need:

• scapula
• pick hammer
• ordering
• building level
• mortar shovel
• rule
• mooring cord
• plumb line
• stitching

After checking the tool available, you can start laying the well.

Well brickwork made of ordinary ceramic bricks, does not fit for a number of its characteristics. When laying bricks, decide on the method of laying. This can be a way of tychkovy rows or spoon. Proper dressing of seams during brick laying is the key to the strength of the structure.

Brick wells of a round shape are laid in tychkovy rows. A poke is called the short side of a brick, respectively, a spoon - a long one. It is important to properly lay brick lintels. When laying a lintel, the bricks are laid, narrowing inside and expanding outside. Close the gaps between the bricks tightly with mortar, avoiding voids.

brickwork technology

Before laying a brick well, a concrete base 10-15 cm thick is arranged. The soil under the base must be carefully leveled. Be sure to use a level checker.

Carefully check that the bottom of the well is horizontal. Make three round frames, the diameter of the upper one is 1 meter, increase the size of the lower frames proportionally. The two upper frames are made of wood, the lower frame is made of metal.

To be sure of the correct shape of the future well, make a template. With the help of hooks, it is attached to a brick row and the laying of a brick well will take place calmly and confidently.

When using the template, even without professional skills, you will definitely complete all the work.

When laying, gradually raise the template to the next level of the row. To strengthen the brick layer, lay reinforcement every five rows. Lay reinforcement at a distance of 20-25 mm from the edge of the masonry.

Make sure that in the process of work, the brickwork does not rest against the intermediate frame. Frames must stand vertically and horizontally, their installation is checked by special devices. Check the level regularly throughout all work with a plumb and level. Position the brickwork 50 mm behind, lay the area between the masonry and the frame with mortar, pour crushed stone to save and strength the mortar.

When laying, consider the following points:

1. Freshly laid mortar should be carefully compacted so that there are no gaps and voids. Then you need to compress the frame, for a snug fit to it.
2. If water is supposed to enter from the side holes, at the bottom of the masonry, provide small holes in advance for fixing the filters, filtering occurs due to the insertion of porous concrete.
3. Both on the outside and on the inside of the brickwork, you need to apply a layer of plaster. For the outside, it is necessary to take into account the dimensions of the pit in which the brickwork is made by the well. For the inner wall - the final diameter of the well. The solution is taken at the rate of 1:1 or 1:2 and is produced quickly, the longer the solution is idle, the weaker the plaster is in consequence.

1. When laying a rounded well, a gradual narrowing is made towards the upper part of the structure. To do this, the transition from the lower to the upper part of the well is made with a gradual overlap of up to 3 cm. The narrowing is carried out on three sides of the well, leaving the fourth side sheer along the entire height of the masonry. On this side, running brackets are provided. They are built into a brick wall in the course of work in a checkerboard pattern and form a staircase. For a long service life, staples, before embedding them in the brick wall of the well, are painted with waterproof paint.

Never forget about the rules for operating a well. Sometimes there is a need to clean the well and it is necessary to go down into the mine. Before performing such manipulations, be sure to check the air in the well for the presence of carbon dioxide. To do this, lower the lit candle into the well. If the flame does not go out, then you can safely descend into the mine. Otherwise, within 20-30 minutes, the well must be ventilated with an exhaust fan.

Carefully protect children's access to the well. The well must always be closed with a special cover. To prevent children from playing and getting debris into drinking water.
How the well is arranged, see more in the video: