Oval- this is a closed box curve, having two axes of symmetry and consisting of two support circles of the same diameter, internally conjugated by arcs (Fig. 13.45). The oval is characterized by three parameters: length, width and radius of the oval. Sometimes only the length and width of the oval are specified, without determining its radii, then the problem of constructing an oval has a large number of solutions (see Fig. 13.45, a ... d).
They also use methods for constructing ovals based on two identical reference circles that are in contact (Fig. 13.46, a), intersect (Fig. 13.46, b) or do not intersect (Fig. 13.46, c). In this case, two parameters are actually set: the length of the oval and one of its radii. This problem has many solutions. It's obvious that R > OA has no upper bound. In particular R \u003d O 1 O 2(see fig. 13.46.a, and fig. 13.46.c), and the centers About 3 And About 4 are defined as the points of intersection of the base circles (see Fig. 13.46, b). According to the general point theory, conjugations are defined on a straight line connecting the centers of arcs of contiguous circles.
Constructing an oval with touching support circles(the problem has many solutions) ( rice. 3.44). From the centers of the support circles ABOUT And 0 1 with a radius equal, for example, to the distance between their centers, arcs of circles are drawn until they intersect at points ABOUT 2 and About 3 .
Figure 3.44
If from points ABOUT 2 and About 3 draw straight lines through the centers ABOUT And O 1, then at the intersection with the support circles we get conjugation points FROM, C1, D And D1. From points ABOUT 2 and About 3 as from centers with a radius R2 conduct conjugation arcs.
Constructing an oval with intersecting support circles(the problem also has many solutions) (Fig. 3.45). From the intersection points of the support circles From 2 And About 3 draw straight lines, for example, through the centers ABOUT And O 1 up to the intersection with the reference circles at the junction points C, C 1 D And D1, and the radii R2, equal to the diameter of the support circle - the conjugation arc.
Figure 3.45 Figure 3.46
Construction of an oval along two given axes AB and CD(Fig. 3.46). Below is one of many possible solutions. A segment is plotted on the vertical axis OE, half the major axis AB. From a point FROM how to draw an arc from the center with a radius CE up to the intersection with the segment AC at the point E 1. To the middle of the segment AE 1 restore the perpendicular and mark the points of its intersection with the axes of the oval O 1 And 0 2 . Build points O 3 And 0 4 , symmetrical to the points O 1 And 0 2 about the axes CD And AB. points O 1 And 0 3 will be the centers of the support circles of radius R1, equal to the segment About 1 A, and points O2 And 0 4 - centers of arcs of conjugation of radius R2, equal to the segment About 2 C. Straight lines connecting centers O 1 And 0 3 from O2 And 0 4 at the intersection with the oval, the junction points will be determined.
In AutoCAD, an oval is constructed using two reference circles of the same radius, which are:
1. have a point of contact;
2. intersect;
3. do not intersect.
Let's consider the first case. A segment OO 1 =2R is built, parallel to the X axis, at its ends (points O and O 1) the centers of two reference circles of radius R and the centers of two auxiliary circles of radius R 1 =2R are placed. From the intersection points of the auxiliary circles O 2 and O 3, arcs CD and C 1 D 1 are built, respectively. The auxiliary circles are removed, then, relative to the arcs CD and C 1 D 1, the inner parts of the support circles are cut off. In figure bb, the resulting oval is marked with a thick line.
Figure Constructing an oval with touching support circles of the same radius
The two-dimensional circles in the previous pictures can be represented as coins, records, pancakes, lenses, etc. But circles are also components of three-dimensional objects such as cylinders and cones, and are also widely used in the visual arts. Cylinders are the basis for an infinite number of things like cigarettes, tanks, spools of thread, pipes, and so on. Cones are the bases for ice cream cones, hourglasses, martini glasses, funnels, etc.
An ellipse is an oval with two unequal axes (major and minor), which always form a right angle between them. The axes divide the ellipse into short and long arcs respectively, both arcs being perfectly symmetrical.
You need to learn how to draw ellipses freehand. Ellipses A and B are drawing attempts. Anyone familiar with ellipses can visually evaluate the major and minor axes and see that ellipse A is correct and ellipse B is not symmetrical enough. (If we draw two axes for B, we can see the errors more clearly. Notice how each sector is different.)
It may be useful for you to draw a rectangle according to the labels. This will create four more guides for evaluating and comparing the shape of the ellipse.
So, in order to learn how to draw (and represent) ellipses well, you first need to sketch out the axes. Mark with strokes equal segments on both sides of the center to define the edges.
Now let's try to draw four equal sectors. We always round the ends, do not make them sharp.
The center of a circle drawn in perspective does not coincide with the main axis of the ellipse - it is always farther (to the observer) than the main axis.
This surprising fact is often the cause of many difficulties. What is the relationship between the center of the circle and the axes of the ellipse?
A regular circle can always be described by a regular square. The center of the square (find by drawing two diagonals) coincides with the center of the circle.
A circle in perspective can also be described by a perspective square. Drawing diagonals will define the center of both the square and the circle. We know from previous lessons that this point is not equidistant from the bottom and top lines. So, we draw the diameter of the circle through this central point - it is also not equidistant from the bottom and top.
We also know that the main axis of the ellipse must be equidistant from the top and bottom lines.
Now, by combining the two drawings, we see that the diameter of the circle is slightly higher than the main axis of the ellipse. Note also that the minor axis coincides in most cases with the perspective diameter of the circle.
The view from above explains this seeming paradox. The widest part of the circle (projected onto the plane of the drawing) is not a diameter, but a simple chord (shown with strokes). This chord will become the main axis of the ellipse, while the true diameter of the circle, lying further away, looks smaller.
So, don't make the mistake of drawing a square in perspective and using its center as the location of the major axis of the ellipse. As a result, the figure will look like this
Also, if you want to draw half a circle (or a cylinder) you can't draw an ellipse and consider either side of the main axis as half a circle in perspective. (The figure on the left is not half, although it seems equal)
But on the right, the correct halves, because the diameter of the circle is used as a dividing line.
In this tutorial you will find a 9-step step-by-step drawing scheme on how to draw an Oval correctly.
Step 1. We draw a vertical and a horizontal that intersect at right angles of 90 degrees. In the upper part of the vertical we put a notch and measure the distance from it to the center. Depending on where you put the serif, the size of the final ellipse will depend. The resulting distance is laid down vertically, and we put another notch. We do the same for the horizontal. But here we set aside two such distances in each direction. We divide the extreme segments on the horizontal approximately in half and also put serifs.
Step 2 We connect the extreme serifs on the vertical and horizontal lines with straight lines, getting the shape of a rhombus.
Step 3 Using the other two serifs on the horizontal line, draw two verticals until they intersect with the sides of the rhombus. Thus, we will get four auxiliary points, one on each side of the rhombus.
Step 4 Through the center and auxiliary points obtained in the last step, draw two inclined straight lines that will be parallel to the sides of the rhombus.
Step 5 Using the two remaining serifs, we will draw two more verticals until they intersect with the oblique lines obtained in the previous step.
Step 6 Draw a part of the oval with an arc.
Step 7 The second arc will complete the first quarter of the figure.
Step 9 In the final step, the last lower quarter is built. After you erase all the extra lines, you should get the correct symmetrical oval.
At this stage, the lesson on how to draw an Oval is correctly completed. Now you have learned how to draw an oval correctly. We wish you creative success!
media.sumy.ua
How to draw (draw) an oval
How to draw or draw an oval?
For an artist, the ability to draw an oval beautifully and correctly is extremely important. When I was going to write this article, I first read on the Internet what they say about the outline of ovals, so as not to repeat myself.
By the way, let's not confuse an oval with an ellipse. They are similar, but they are not the same. We will consider the ellipse in the topic “circle perspective”.
But about the oval I will say this: the ways of drawing an oval are varied and complex. And it is also important for what purpose we need to draw an oval.
If an oval pattern is required for design work, then I do this in a tricky way. I circle a round object with a pencil twice and connect these circles by hand with arcs. 
It is possible with the help of a compass, but I always take the opportunity to develop my eye.
If the hand is true like that of an Indian, then the figure is quite satisfactory.
Another thing is if an oval is needed for a drawing. For example, you have painted the “turtle” coloring page and want to draw the same one in the same way. And not with the help of tracing paper or translation through the window glass, but just to draw (draw) a beautiful even oval.
Children of any age tend to draw an oval in one fell swoop - crooked and tilted to the right. But the outline of such a complex figure is a serious geometric construction.
Let's draw a vertical axis and perpendicular to it - a horizontal one.
If we draw on a ruler, then we check with a square whether the corners are really right. If we draw by hand, then we need to rotate the picture in order to evaluate it from different points of view. From the point of intersection of the axes, we measure in both directions the segments of the same length horizontally - the width of the oval and vertically - the height of the oval. First, slowly, very beautifully, we draw the first curved line that limits one of the four sectors. Here you have to rely on your sense of harmony. We draw the next line symmetrically, again carefully monitoring the symmetry and dimensional accuracy. Having decided on the sketch of the oval, we erase the extra lines and circle the one we need:
Here, comrades, there are many pitfalls: usually children are in a great hurry. Or, busy drawing details, they do not see the whole. As in the case of squaring a circle, the temptation to draw either a diamond or a rectangle with rounded corners is very strong.
So I repeat again: to draw or draw an oval is not so simple . I think that it makes sense to study such a topic not earlier than the second grade. Yes. And methodically develop the skill of drawing an oval before taking on topics like “pattern in an oval” for Easter, or “Ladybug” or “human face”. However, the face of a person is a very, very difficult topic, honestly it’s better not to take it before the third grade. And by storm to master the "Portrait of Mom" in kindergarten - this can be an unjustified advance of the capabilities of children. Even the most simplified picture - the canon of the structure of the human face looks like this:
Can you imagine? It is necessary to grow up to such constructions.
Marina Novikova shared her tips on how to draw an oval and considerations at what age children are ready for such geometric constructions.
What do you think about this? Please write in the comments. Your opinion is important and very interesting to me.
Read more on the topic of geometric constructions:
How to draw with a line
How to draw a wave pattern
Hatching Sun
How to draw a star
Read also:
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Marina Novikovahandykids.ru
How to draw an oval yourself quickly and beautifully
An oval is a geometric figure that is used to display individual parts of interior items, draw animals, and much more. Many are interested in how to draw an oval correctly by hand.
How to draw an oval yourself
To make the drawing beautiful and harmonious, it is necessary to correctly and accurately draw all its elements. However, not everyone knows how to perform an ellipse by hand correctly and beautifully.
To make an ellipse, you need to take:
- album sheet;
- ruler;
- pencil;
- eraser.
Initially, it is necessary to draw a rhombus in the middle of the sheet, all sides of which will be equal, and opposite sides will be parallel. The rhombus should be such that an oval of the required size fits well into it. Then, an oval must be entered into the resulting rhombus. After that, the rhombus must be erased with a pencil.
Smoothly and beautifully draw an oval
To make geometric shapes look great, you need to know how to draw an oval with a compass in a few minutes. To make an ellipse with a compass, you need to take:
- album sheet;
- pencil;
- compass;
- thread;
- pins.
To draw an ellipse beautifully, you must initially draw two straight lines that will be perpendicular. Place the tip of the compass at the intersection of two lines and then draw a circle.
The diameter of such a circle will correspond to the width of the ellipse. Then, leaving the compass in the same place, you need to draw a slightly larger circle to get the length of the ellipse. Then you need to connect the two circles by erasing the extra lines. Thus, you get a beautiful and even oval, from which you can then draw various animals and birds. Knowing how to draw an oval by hand, you can make very beautiful and original drawings without much difficulty.
How to draw a guinea pig based on an oval
Drawings of animals and birds drawn from simple geometric shapes look very interesting. Many are interested in what can be drawn from an oval with children.
With the help of an oval, you can quickly and beautifully draw a guinea pig. To make a drawing, you need to draw two ovals in a horizontal position, one of which will be slightly smaller than the other.
One oval should intersect with another, and then close the outer corners formed by the intersection of two figures with lines. Thus, the neck of the animal will turn out. In the center of a small oval, you need to draw a dot, from which you will then get an eye.
After that, you need to draw small ears in the upper part of a small oval. When everything is ready, you should draw the paws of the guinea pig. It should be borne in mind that the front legs should be slightly shorter than the hind legs and almost invisible.
When everything is completely traced, the extra lines can be erased, and then you need to color the guinea pig, making the animal spotty.
Knowing how to draw an oval, you can make very beautiful drawings of animals and birds based on this geometric figure.
Fb.ru
How to draw an oval. | Blog
Performing complex, multi-tiered plasterboard ceilings, it often becomes necessary to make an oval. It can look like a cutout on the plasterboard ceiling, or it can go down a tier below, in any case, to make an oval on the ceiling, you must first draw it. This is not a circle that can be drawn with a self-made compass from a profile. To draw an oval, more complex calculations and knowledge of geometry are needed. Basically, there are two kinds of ovals. Correct and not correct. It's almost impossible to tell them apart by eye.
The first way is how to draw an oval.
An incorrect oval can be drawn by inscribing it in a rhombus. To do this, in the right place, draw the coordinate axes and draw an equilateral rhombus of the size we need. Now draw two arcs centered on two opposite corners of the rhombus. The radius of this arc can be calculated as follows. From the top of the rhombus, we lower the perpendiculars to the two opposite sides of the rhombus. The length of these perpendiculars is the radius of the arcs we need. In the figure, the perpendiculars are drawn in black and the resulting arcs in blue.
We do the same with the opposite vertex of the rhombus. At the intersection points of the perpendiculars, we get two more centers to build the two remaining arcs. The radius of these arcs (drawn in red in the figure) will not be difficult to measure when all the necessary lines have already been drawn.
The second way how to draw an oval
If the figure is needed less accurate (approximate), then you can draw an oval with a thread, two self-tapping screws and a pencil. To do this, you will need to find the so-called oval tricks. These are exactly the points with respect to which we drew the last two arcs. In the picture above, they are shown in red. At these focal points, we screw in two self-tapping screws and tie a thread to them. The thread must be chosen so that it does not stretch. The length of the thread is equal to the larger size of the oval. Now everything is simple, we stretch the thread with a pencil, and draw an oval.
Of course, you cannot draw a clear oval in this way, the thread stretches, and it is difficult to hold the pencil evenly. Such an oval will have to be adjusted a little. If the oval is large, then the one who knows about them will not see the errors either. If small, then draw an oval better with a compass.
homemasters.ru
How to draw a circle in perspective
The question is important not only for beginners, but sometimes for experienced artists. By understanding how to correctly draw a circle in perspective, we can draw a huge number of objects, not just pots and plates.
In general, a brief summary: usually we rarely see round objects frontally. For example, a plate like this
we see much less than that.
Therefore, we need to understand how to correctly depict a plate in a perspective horizontal plane. There is a simple scheme for this.
Most important on the left. We see ovals and a horizon line, with respect to which we usually draw all objects. At the level of the horizon line, the oval either turns into a line, or is very narrow. The higher or lower, the rounder the oval becomes, all the lines that are closer to us according to the law of perspective will be thicker, everything that is further away will be thinner. If the oval is far below the level of vision, it may become almost round. You can see this very clearly by taking a roll of tape, your ideal nature for practicing this skill. We raise the skein to eye level - ideally, we will see a rectangle, raise it higher and lower and immediately see clearly all the changes.
In the vertical plane, the story is exactly the same, only the diagram must be turned 90 degrees.
Thus, all plates and pots become subject to us, we look at the previous picture of the plate, taking into account new knowledge.
You can draw another oval to show the thickness of the plate, the final result depends on your powers of observation. The skill of drawing ovals trains very well in detailed drawing of simple objects, the same roll of adhesive tape, for example, is great at first.
There is another common mistake when drawing ovals. Many draw two arcs instead of an oval. This should not be allowed, even if your oval is very narrow, always draw fillets in the corners.
Over time, you will be great at finding perspective in almost any object.
Well, after the circles get bored, you can try to draw squares - the principle is the same. There is indeed a nuance with the vanishing point, but more on that another time.
I hope you will not have any more problems with the circle in perspective and your drawings will be correct and accurate. In addition to this post, you can also watch exercises for mastering the tablet, which will help you quickly draw beautiful even ovals, circles and other geometric shapes.
artlab.club
How to draw correct ovals
“Not any fish and sausages! It is necessary to draw the correct ovals! »
This is exactly what my teacher, Sergei Ivanovich Poluychik, said when he looked at our first still lifes. Thanks to this phrase, I immediately remembered how regular ovals should look when building cylindrical shapes.
So, we get acquainted with fish, sausages, and regular ovals.
FISH- Irregular oval with sharp corners.
An oval is a circle that lies on a plane, so no matter which side we look from, it cannot have sharp corners.
SAUSAGE- an incorrectly drawn oval with parallel sides.
Once again, to remember: an oval is a circle on a plane, a circle has no parallel sides.
CORRECT OVAL without sharp corners and parallel sides.
Observing the rules of perspective, the far part of the oval is drawn smaller (red line), the one closest to the viewer is larger (blue line in the figure).
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Almost all cylindrical and conical shapes (jugs, jars, vases, bottles, mugs, etc.) are drawn in the same way. Here, using the example of this jug, we will analyze step by step this scheme for drawing cylindrical bodies. The whole construction is done with light, barely noticeable lines, so that you don’t have to erase it with an elastic band, since the top layer of paper deteriorates when erasing. Both the paint in painting and the strokes in the drawing lie unevenly on the paper after erasing. |
 We determine the place of the object on the sheet. We draw a central center line to build a jug. |
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Determine the location of the center lines for constructing ovals. That is, using the sighting method, we specify the proportions and sizes between the centers of the ovals near the jug. Let's draw these lines. |
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With the help of sighting, we determine the size of the ovals. Set aside this size with a pencil, mark the same segments from the point of intersection of the center lines. Set aside the points of the width of the ovals. When noting these dimensions, we do not forget about the rules of perspective: the side of the oval that is farther from us will be a little smaller, which means that the one that is closer to us is larger. In the same way, we remember that the lower the eye level is the oval, the more he wants to become a circle. |
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Finally, we draw the ovals of our cylindrical object. |
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We connect the extreme points of the ovals and our jug is almost ready. It remains to finish the handle and nose. When drawing a handle and a spout, we try to remember that usually they are opposite each other, that is, on the same line. |
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HOW TO DRAW OVALS DEPENDING ON THE ARTIST'S EYE LEVEL This is how the construction of the jug will look like if we put it higher than the one whose construction we analyzed. |
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This is how the construction of the jug will look like if the upper edge of the jug is at eye level, so we depict it as a line. But the bottom of the jug is below eye level, therefore, in order to see the bottom line, we build an oval for the bottom. draw a pitcher above eye level |
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This is how the construction of the jug will look like if its middle coincides with the line of the eyes. The upper part of the jug will be above the line of the eyes - draw an oval, which will have the upper line closer to us. The bottom of the jug turns out to be slightly below eye level, so we build a regular oval. But! If the jug (vase) is far from the viewer (artist), then both the upper edge and the bottom line will be drawn in a simple straight line, as if they were at eye level. Beginning artists very often make mistakes when building ovals, which spoils the impression of the whole picture as a whole. |
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How to draw an oval?
There are many ways to draw an oval. The article presents two of the simplest options: how to draw an oval with a compass, pencil and ruler, without using patterns.
Drawing an oval with a rhombus
- Before constructing an oval, it is necessary to draw an equilateral, horizontally located rhombus with a larger diagonal.
- From the upper vertex of the rhombus, draw two segments that will bisect the lower sides of the rhombus. From the other vertex of the rhombus, which is visually located at the bottom, also draw two of the same segments. The result is four triangles: left and right.
- At the intersection of each pair of triangles, a point should be marked - it is at this point that the leg of the compass should be placed and the arc side walls of the oval should be drawn.
- From those vertices that were used to draw segments, draw with the help of a compass the missing sides of the oval from above and below.
This method is good for those who wondered: how to draw an oval with a compass?
If the major axis is known
If the size of the major axis of the oval is known, then the construction itself is greatly simplified.
The given axis must be divided into three equal parts, as in the photo:
Measure the distance O1 and O2 - this is the radius. From these points, draw circles with a radius of O1O2, as in the photo:
Let's call the intersection of the circles m and n.
We connect points m and n with O1 and O2, as a result we get straight lines, which must be extended until they intersect with circles. Points 1, 2, 3, 4 in this case are the junction points of the arcs.
Points m, n are considered centers and we draw the maximum radius from each, which is equal to n2 and m3. Arcs 12 and 34 are obtained. An oval is drawn, the result can be compared with this image:
There are many ways to draw an oval. The article presents two of the simplest options: how to draw an oval with a compass, pencil and ruler, without using patterns.
Drawing an oval with a rhombus
- Before constructing an oval, it is necessary to draw an equilateral, horizontally located rhombus with a larger diagonal.
- From the upper vertex of the rhombus, draw two segments that will bisect the lower sides of the rhombus. From the other vertex of the rhombus, which is visually located at the bottom, also draw two of the same segments. The result is four triangles: left and right.
- At the intersection of each pair of triangles, a point should be marked - it is at this point that the leg of the compass should be placed and the arc side walls of the oval should be drawn.
- From those vertices that were used to draw segments, draw with the help of a compass the missing sides of the oval from above and below.
This method is good for those who wondered: how to draw an oval with a compass?
If the major axis is known
If the size of the major axis of the oval is known, then the construction itself is greatly simplified.
The given axis must be divided into three equal parts, as in the photo:
Measure the distance O1 and O2 - this is the radius. From these points, draw circles with a radius of O1O2, as in the photo:
Let's call the intersection of the circles m and n.
We connect points m and n with O1 and O2, as a result we get straight lines, which must be extended until they intersect with circles. Points 1, 2, 3, 4 in this case are the junction points of the arcs.
Points m, n are considered centers and we draw the maximum radius from each, which is equal to n2 and m3. Arcs 12 and 34 are obtained. An oval is drawn, the result can be compared with this image:
Those who study in art schools and other educational institutions related to the fine arts know firsthand how not just to draw still lifes with round objects and plaster aids - cylinders, cones, balls built through. The most difficult thing is to convey their circles rotated at different angles in perspective.
So, in this article, you will learn how to draw a circle rotated in perspective, correctly from a geometric point of view.
What does a circle look like in perspective?
Remember: the visible round part of the subject, rotated in perspective, visually becomes an ellipse. Not a flattened circle, not an oval, not a donut with different halves, but an ellipse.
What is an ellipse, you can see in the school geometry course. But for the artist it is important to remember its main features - symmetry about two axes perpendicular to each other and edges rounded along the radius. That is, an ellipse is an absolutely symmetrical figure.
There is a story about different halves of a circle, which is rotated at an angle in perspective. It is told in art schools and on the Internet. But it is often misinterpreted, which leads to confusion and confusion.
For example, a round cup, top view.
When we turn it at an angle, then from above we see the circle in a different way. And what we see is just called an ellipse.
Remember once and for all: no matter how we turn this cup, its top will remain an ellipse. It can become wider, narrower, but still remain an ellipse.
How to draw a circle in perspective with one vanishing point
Let's start with a square in which we inscribe a circle. At the center of the intersection of the diagonals of the square is the center of the circle. The axes of the circle also pass through the center, they are perpendicular to each other.
In the place where the axes of the circle are in contact with the square, there are points of contact between the circle and the square. Therefore, the axes of the circle are important to depict.
Let's draw the same square in a one-point perspective. At the intersection of its diagonals is the center of the circle. The axes of the circle pass through this center.
You can pay attention: the axis has shifted, and the halves of the circle have become unequal. The near half of the circle is larger, the far half is smaller.
However, the ellipse is symmetrical. That is, both halves of it are equal relative to the axis. To find the axis of the ellipse, we divide the vertical axis of the circle in half and draw another axis through the found point. We see that this line does not coincide with the axis of the circle.
Now you can draw an ellipse. We make it symmetrical with respect to the found axes and outline it, passing through the touch points.
As you can see, everything is not difficult enough. But the thought of different halves of the circle does not give rest, it makes it difficult to draw an ellipse even and geometrically correct. True, not everyone succeeds in drawing an even ellipse the first time, so don't be discouraged if it still doesn't work out. The main thing is that you draw it with the right approach.
The question arises: why do we then draw so many lines, draw a square with axes of a circle and diagonals? Why complicate things then? Suppose we are drawing a sugar bowl with a lid on top. The lid has a handle in the center. When we look at it at an angle, the handle will visually shift, that is, it will be located in the center of the circle. The center of the circle is located at the intersection of the diagonals, as we found out, that is, with an offset relative to the center of the ellipse.
When you draw some complex object, such as a baluster, you will need to find the center of the circle. This will help to place individual structural elements on the same axis.
How to draw a cylinder
In perspective, with one vanishing point, everything is simple. But if we are drawing an object with two vanishing points, then things can be more complicated. For example, take a cylinder lying on its side.
The most common design variant without proper construction is a flattened cylinder. It does not turn out round, but looks flattened.
In the training drawing, all complex shapes should be represented in the form of simpler figures. Let's imagine our cylinder as a parallelepiped outlined by the points of contact with the cylinder.
The main thing is to correctly determine the direction of the faces of this parallelepiped and reliably display the perspective. When we draw a cylinder from nature, we look at the angle between two faces.
As with single-point perspective, the center of the circle is at the intersection of the diagonals of the square. Through the found center we draw the axes of the circle.
To find the axes of the ellipse, we need to find the axis of rotation of the cylinder. To do this, we build a box through and draw the axis of rotation from the center of the front face to the center of the back face.
Find the minor axis of the ellipse - it is always parallel to the axis of rotation and is located in the middle of the axis of the circle. In a two vanishing point perspective, this midpoint often coincides with the center of the circle (or nearly so, like mine), but not always.
Draw the minor axis of the ellipse. The major axis is perpendicular to the minor. The main thing is to ensure that the axes are perpendicular to each other.
Let's denote the touch points and, passing through them, draw a symmetrical ellipse. In order not to get crooked, we follow the segments of the ellipse along the axes - they must be the same.
Sometimes there are mismatches, it’s impossible to go through all the touch points smoothly, so to speak, stretch the ellipse over the touch points. First, check the square - you may have it too much, unnaturally taken into perspective, or vice versa, there is no perspective. Secondly, do not catch millimeters, no one will ever see them in the drawing anyway, if your ellipse itself looks even and convincing.
The back of the cylinder is drawn in a similar way.
You can see that the far ellipse looks wider and rounder than the front one. This means that we have drawn the perspective correctly, because we see the back as if more than the front. Hence the effect. Perhaps everything is drawn in a rather rough way, not everything is perfectly even, but the main thing is to convey the essence.
And now you can complete the drawing of the cylinder.
How to fit circles into the faces of a cube
This magical exercise will help you learn how to draw circles in any turn and any perspective. We draw a cube and inscribe circles in its faces.
In the same way, we enter a circle in the last face.
And most importantly: You must understand that drawing is not an exact science, not geometry. And you don’t have to get hung up on catching millimeters, erase everything and redraw everything again if something doesn’t fit geometrically. The task of the artist is not to draw geometrically accurately, but to make his drawing convincing. This is especially true when it comes to geometrically correct figures.
So, when drawing circles in perspective, correctly estimate the direction of the axes of the ellipse and try to draw the ellipse symmetrically about these axes. And do not catch millimeters.
