Pediatricians note that the development of each child takes place "according to an individual program." Three-year-olds develop rapidly and in leaps and bounds. The baby's skills are improving every day, and parents are surprised to note all the new achievements of their fidgets. And although it is unlikely that it will be possible to find even two babies with a set of the same skills, there are certain norms of development at any age, including at 3 years old.
Content:
Speech skills
A child's speech changes dramatically by the age of 3. This is no longer a clumsy monosyllabic conversation, but coherent sentences with word changes in case and declension. The vocabulary is about 1.5 thousand words, of which 500-600 words are actively used. However, not all children speak fluently, many do not pronounce hissing sounds and sounds [p]. Mandatory speech skills are as follows:
- correctly pronounces his name and surname, the names of parents and loved ones;
- makes sentences of five or more words, using prepositions correctly;
- sentences are mainly composed of nouns, pronouns and verbs;
- remembers short children's poems, recounting them from memory, retells short prose;
- easily recognizes and names objects familiar to him;
- compiles a story from a picture using up to 5 simple sentences;
- uses singular and plural words in conversation;
- knows many adjectives, but rarely uses them in speech, more often uses them separately, characterizing an object or phenomenon;
- distinguishes between antonyms and uses them correctly (large - small, high - low);
- conducts a dialogue, answers questions coherently.
At this age, some children begin the "age of why" when they ask questions about all the objects and phenomena that come their way. It is important to be patient and satisfy your little one's curiosity. You need to talk a lot with your child, read books, learn poems and lyrics. Let him talk about his impressions using words from the category of perception (liked, remembered, saw, felt). All this perfectly develops speech, enriches vocabulary and conceptual stock.
Thinking
The speech and thinking of a three-year-old child are closely related. Perceiving new phenomena, he tries to explain and tell about them. At the age of 3, the simplest causal relationships are already available to a child, he draws conclusions from what he saw and heard, tries to explain some of the phenomena:
- Compiles simple logical chains based on his own observations and stories of adults. So, he is quite capable of determining that it was raining at night, if in the morning he saw puddles through the window.
- Compares pictures or objects, finds similarities and differences, groups them according to a common feature. Knows how to identify an "extra" item in the presented row.
- Remembers the events of the recent past, talks about what happened a few days ago.
- He collects puzzles consisting of 6-8 elements. Easily assembles the pyramid, given the size of the rings. He makes a turret of the cubes, trying to put them evenly.
- He is fluent in the concepts of "one-many", counts to five, showing the corresponding number on his fingers.
- Knows up to 10 colors, distinguishes them and names them himself, knows and distinguishes between basic geometric shapes, concepts of seasons, names of vegetables, fruits, flowers, etc.
- Compares shapes by shape, color, groups them, arranges them in size - from largest to smallest, selects one object to another according to a given criterion.
A child at 3 years old already makes rather difficult decisions and tries to explain his actions. This is the time when special attention needs to be paid to creative development: together to sculpt from plasticine, draw, make crafts from natural materials. It develops not only thinking and creativity, but also fine motor skills.
Motor development
Experts advise to develop the child's motor skills up to school age, because the clarity of movements depends on this, even how correctly he will hold the pen when writing. At 3 years old, a child should be able to do the following:
- easy to collect by one bead, pea and other small object;
- put on beads on a string;
- sculpt balls from plasticine;
- cut paper with scissors;
- collect mosaics.
For the development of fine motor skills, there are special exercises and games that allow you to improve motor skills. Finger gymnastics, which is performed daily during or in front of classes, will help.
Video: Developing fine motor skills: finger gymnastics for the little ones.
Household skills
A child at the age of 3 strives for independence in everything: for example, he himself tries to tie his shoelaces and brush his teeth. Household skills at this age are already quite developed, the baby can easily perform all the necessary hygiene and other daily procedures on his own:
- he dresses himself confidently, some can even distinguish between right and left legs, front and back sides in clothes;
- knows his things and knows how to use them, finds his own toothbrush and towel;
- unfastens and fastens buttons on clothes, puts things in a closet;
- cleans up toys after itself, puts them in their places: cubes in a box, soft toys on shelves, the rest - in a basket;
- he eats with a spoon neatly on his own, some children are quite dexterous in using a fork;
- uses a handkerchief for its intended purpose, wipes a stained face with a napkin;
- washes his hands before eating, drying them with a towel;
- takes off his shoes and outerwear when he comes home from the street.
Everything that a 3-year-old child should be able to do in terms of everyday skills is instilled exclusively by close people. Failure to meet certain criteria is not age-matchedness or developmental delays, but rather a parental oversight.
Motor skills
Three-year-old children are very active and mobile. Coordination is already fully developed, the baby freely controls his movements, testing his own capabilities and abilities:
- runs confidently and quickly;
- plays the ball: kicks it, throws it up, catches it;
- easily climbs and descends stairs, including vertical, alternating legs, more physically developed children can jump over the stairs;
- he climbs the hill himself and rolls off it;
- keeps balance, standing on tiptoes, can go a long enough distance so;
- walks backwards;
- rides a tricycle;
- keeps balance and jumps on one leg;
- tumbling back and forth.
It is better to put the energy that overwhelms the baby on the right track, defining him in one of the sections for the smallest, where he will develop physically. Swimming is a very good training for motor functions and coordination. This should be done under the guidance of an experienced instructor.
Cognitive, intellectual and emotional development
Mental processes: attention, memory and thinking - are already well developed by the age of 3. The kid is well oriented in space, can show the way to the store or playground. He is already able to concentrate on one lesson for up to 5 minutes, which can be used in educational games aimed at describing the sequence of actions shown in the picture, or describing a drawing from memory.
Talking about the events of the day, the crumb embellishes reality. Sometimes this is perceived by adults as a lie, but this is only a manifestation of fantasy, which by this time begins to develop.
The child understands that he is an independent person, trying to show individuality in everything, to defend his opinion, which often turns out to be the opposite of the parents' opinion. Related to this is the replacement of the pronoun “we” with “I”: “I will go”, “I will do”.
Psychologists talk about the crisis of three years, when yesterday's obedient child becomes capricious, does not fulfill the requests of his parents. This is a kind of attempt to defend the emerging point of view. It is very important not to try to achieve complete obedience, but to find a compromise in the relationship, otherwise trust and mutual understanding can be lost, causing aggression.
Social communication skills
Communication skills are becoming increasingly important for a child. If earlier he was content with communicating with his parents, now he is increasingly striving to be in the circle of his peers. Until recently, children played side by side, at the age of 3 they begin to play together, sharing toys, with pleasure mastering joint role-playing games:
- the child easily gets to know other children, although some still prefer independent games to collective ones;
- perceives and obeys the rules of a certain game;
- during the game he sees and understands the danger, can prevent it;
- in communication with others uses the words "thank you" and "please", "hello" and "goodbye".
The listed skills and abilities are the result of cognitive and developmental games, active communication with loved ones and peers. A child's day during this period should be rich and varied, filled with new emotional and tactile sensations. However, do not overdo it, otherwise overexcitement and poor sleep cannot be avoided. The mode for the baby is still very important, and it is advisable to replace active games by the end of the day with calm ones, not disregarding reading at night.
For exactly a week, hundreds of police officers, rescuers, volunteers and conscripts were looking for a boy who disappeared in the Lipetsk region. A 3-year-old child was lost on July 13 in the afternoon, two kilometers from the village of Mikhailovka in the Terbunsky district of the Lipetsk region, where his father worked in haymaking.
The man went to mow the hay, and left his son in the back of the scooter, the eldest 6-year-old daughter was playing nearby. The girl went to pick berries, and her brother still wanted to play hide and seek. When the father returned, the boy was no longer there. For several hours the man tried to find the child himself, but to no avail. After that, in the evening, my father called the police. Dozens of people, including police officers, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, volunteers and simply not indifferent people, immediately rushed to find the child.
From that moment on, for exactly seven days, the search did not stop for a minute. In the afternoon, they searched for the baby with the help of quadcopters, from helicopters and even hang-gliders, on the ground, pedestrian participants combed every centimeter of the terrain. At night they searched with dogs and with the help of night vision devices. Despite the fact that the small child was in a light jacket and rubber slates on a bare foot, and thunderstorms raged in the region during this period and at night the air temperature was up to +7 degrees, the search engines believed that he was alive.
SIX DAYS THERE WAS NO TRACE
For nearly six days, searches have yielded no results. As often happens, various versions sounded, even the abduction was practiced. Encouraging news began to arrive on the evening of July 18, when the search party found a small blue slate in the forest, which was identified by the parents. And this morning, law enforcement officers reported that in the vicinity of the village of Golosnovka, Semiluksky district, Voronezh region, they found a baby's jacket. In the afternoon, information about fresh footprints came in - prints of barefoot children's feet were clearly visible and were left quite recently. We also found two places where the child lay down to rest.
This meant that the search was going in the right direction, and until the last moment, the search engines hoped for a happy ending. But the miracle did not happen. The boy was found dead at about 17.30 in the Voronezh region - not far from the place where his things were found. The exact cause and time of death are now being determined by the UK experts, where a criminal case was opened on the first day of the boy's disappearance. On the spot, they were able to determine that the child had been dead for more than a day.
THE CHILD HAS BEEN ABOUT THREE KILOMETERS
The kid, who in fact turned only 2 years and 10 months old, walked through the forest for about three kilometers and was able to hold out alone without food and water for about five to six days. The tiny body showed signs of severe emaciation and multiple insect bite marks.
In total, about 1000 people took part in the search, caring volunteers traveled from Moscow and neighboring regions. According to the search participants, the child's body was in a ravine three kilometers from the nearest settlement. Now investigators from the Lipetsk and Voronezh regions are working on the spot.
Children often put their parents in situations where it is very difficult to decide what to do. And one of the most common problems is tantrums.
The kid screams, knocks his feet on the floor, often throws toys and other objects that come under his arm, wanting to achieve his goal. What should parents do if childish tantrum has become a part of their life?
Punish the kid, leave the room and wait until he calms down, ignoring him, or try to calm down and reduce the conflict to nothing? Psychologists advise how to effectively deal with tantrums in children of 3 years old.
Crisis at 3 years of age or why did the baby start throwing tantrums?
Any outbreak of negativity has a basis, and tantrums in a 4-year-old child are no exception. And here it doesn't matter whether you are raising a son or a daughter, the reasons are always the same. Therefore, in this situation, it is worth treating children with an equal share of patience, without dividing them by gender.
Important! Arguments “you’re a girl, you should not behave like that” or “real men don’t behave like that” are not arguments in any situation, especially when it comes to hysterics.
The main reason for the occurrence of tantrums in a child is “frustration”. The term denotes the inability to satisfy all the desires of a person that have arisen at this moment. Adults also often have to deal with this condition, like children, but they only endure it more calmly, realizing, in most cases, the inappropriateness of their tantrums.
The natural stage of a child's growing up is the realization that the whole world, including their own parents, do not intend to obey him, which means they will have to look for compromises. For a 3-year-old child, such a model of the world looks unacceptable, which leads to tantrums.
The main task of an empathetic and loving parent is to help the child get through this time and accept the fact that the world does not intend to obey him. However, behind this lies a very difficult task - if you correctly recognize the cause of the hysteria that has arisen, it will become possible to eliminate it.
What if in this way the child is simply trying to achieve what he wants, or he lacks your attention? Or maybe there is something that bothers him, and he is afraid of you in this, admit it.
Why a child misbehaves - the main reasons for disobedience
There is such a thing as a “three-year crisis”. And this phenomenon is characterized by a number of problems associated with the child's attempts to assert himself and realize himself as a person.
Therefore, when it comes to tantrums, psychologists identify three main reasons for this phenomenon:
Struggle for parental attention. From infancy, we teach a child that crying is a signal for adults, which means that everything, even the most important things, should be postponed, and attention must be immediately switched to the baby. Therefore, it is natural that an already fairly matured child of 3 years old will try to attract your attention with tantrums and whims for a long time;
The second possible reason for the occurrence of hysteria is an attempt to defend one's own opinion, which is likely to be different from yours. This is most typical for children of 3 years old, when for the first time they declare “I am myself” to their parents and try to cope on their own, often failing. At this stage, the worst that a parent can do is criticism and reproaches that follow immediately after the failure. One way or another, they will certainly lead to hysteria.
A separate point can be highlighted and the fact that often leads to hysterics awareness of powerlessness... For example, a kid tried to do something on his own, but due to his age, he did not succeed. For a parent, this may seem natural, but the child's reaction at this moment can be violent and accompanied by hysteria.
Important! In no case should you say to your child: “Well, I told you that you won’t succeed” or “I knew that you wouldn’t be able to do it”. Such comments and dismissive attitude on your part will only confirm the child's idea of his inability to cope with the problem, and over time he will stop even trying to overcome obstacles.
These are the main reasons for the emergence of "sudden" tantrums in a child, which every parent should know and be able to recognize in order to properly respond to such attacks and, as a result, raise a healthy, balanced person, self-confident.
Prohibitions for the good
Another reason for the eternal conflicts between children and their parents is prohibitions. We must admit that we prohibit our children a lot, although we do it for their benefit. The problem is that children, like adolescents, lack perspective thinking. That is, in fact, there is no future for them. It seems to them distant and unreal.
Therefore, the arguments: “Don't eat sweets, your teeth will fall out early” or “Don't play on the computer, you will ruin your eyesight” are just empty words for them. The child wants to have fun here and now, and the consequences are of little interest to him.
Of course, such unawareness should in no way be a reason for connivance on the part of parents, but you need to be prepared that this can also cause bad behavior and the appearance of tantrums. After all, every day the baby's requests are growing, and, accordingly, the number of restrictions for him also increases, which may affect his behavior.
Important! In no case let your child manipulate you, and get your way with the help of tantrums. Having given up once, you will give your child a reason to try to do it over and over again, and the tantrums will continue for more than one month, or even a year.
You need to understand that all the prohibitions that you voice to the child must be stable. That is, having set the framework once, you should not violate them either of your own free will or of the child.
Suppose you made a decision that now the baby will go to bed no later than nine o'clock in the evening and steadfastly held out for several days. However, your friends came here, and after sitting up late, you gave the kid the opportunity, say, to watch cartoons.
Be prepared that after that, during the next few days, in the evenings the baby will throw you "groundless" tantrums. After all, if you yourself violated your prohibition, you demonstrated to him that the established rules can be changed at your request.
The psychologist recommends! For healthy and sound sleep of the baby, it is not recommended to allow the child to watch cartoons or play computer games, at least 2 hours before bedtime. These activities have an exciting effect on the nervous system, which can negatively affect the quality of the baby's rest.
How to deal with childish tantrums and find an approach to your own child?
Unlike the misconceptions that existed earlier, today almost every parent knows that even at the age of three, all children are different from each other and require an individual approach. This is especially noted by parents if there are several children in the family. What used to work with an older child may be completely ineffective with a younger child.
The decisive factor that determines your actions in the event of a tantrum in a child is his temperament. The methods that can prevent or stop the whims of one baby are likely to only exacerbate the problem in the second. Therefore, before taking decisive action, you need to understand which group your baby belongs to.
Psychologists advise parents to thoroughly understand the concept of "temperament" and not to confuse it with "character." After all, the character lends itself to change, and can be corrected by upbringing, while the temperament is inherent in the child from birth, and persists throughout his life.
In children, as in adults, there are 4 main types of temperament:
melancholic;
phlegmatic person;
sanguine;
Of course, it is almost impossible to meet one hundred percent representative of each type, and most often the ratio is presented in terms of 70 to 30. However, it is for the most part that you can navigate when choosing a method of action.
Sanguine- the least prone to tantrums children. As a rule, they are cheerful, and have a stable nervous system that copes with stress quite easily if you switch it to other activities. Such a child can easily be distracted by offering him a new, interesting activity or entertainment. They love to spend time with adults - parents, grandparents, doing things together.
The only difficulty that arises in the process of such a baby is that sanguine people are very cunning. It is almost impossible to force a baby to do something against his will, and methods that are too harsh should not be used here so as not to injure the child. Get your way patiently, persistently, but affectionately. Their behavior is directly dependent on how you treat them.
Psychologist's advice! If a grandmother takes part in raising a child, then be sure to discuss with her a single model of action while the child is throwing a tantrum. Otherwise, he will very quickly understand who they are acting on and who they are not.
Such children should not be overly praised if they really do not deserve it, as they are prone to overestimated self-esteem, which in the future can lead to the development of "star fever." Be moderate in both your praise and criticism. Soberly assess the child's achievements, gently pushing him not to stop there.
Melancholic Is one of the most demanding types when it comes to raising a 3-year-old child. They get upset easily and lose faith in their own strength. They are very susceptible to stress, get tired quickly, and it is strictly forbidden to raise their voices, and even more so, to physically punish such a child. Otherwise, in the future, you will have to spend a lot of time to eliminate the consequences of such upbringing.
Such children experience serious stress when going to kindergarten, and at this time they need special support from their parents and grandparents. The cause of tantrums in such children is most often the inability to cope with the circumstances on their own, and you need to show maximum patience for a while while the baby adapts to the new environment.
As educational measures, "reading notations", as well as shouts and threats, are categorically unsuitable for such children. The best way is to be an example, and in the event of a conflict situation, first to calm down the child, and then try to create the most calm atmosphere for him in the house, spending time with him without reproaching, and shaming him for an emotional attack and indecent behavior.
It will not be superfluous to talk with the kindergarten teacher if the child is already attending it. Explain the situation, and tell us what to do if the child decided to conduct a strength test and threw a tantrum.
After your child has returned from kindergarten, try to give him a chance to relax. Children of 3 years old often require a long period of adaptation to a new team and daily routine.
Important! Calming a child does not mean promising him to do whatever he wants. You can calmly tell him how much you love him, and that you are worried about his health and safety, arguing your refusal with real facts.
Phlegmatic- very calm and balanced children. They are often slow and indecisive. In this case, the most effective way of influence will be a verbal explanation. Such babies are very receptive to conversations, and if you are engaged in their upbringing, then literally in one or two months, the tantrums will simply subside, giving way to balance and the search for compromises.
The main thing in educating a phlegmatic is not to suppress his desires, and not to dominate him. Otherwise, as a result, a person will grow up who does not know what he wants and is not able to make an independent decision.
Choleric- the most active and mobile children among all four species. Their tantrums occur, as a rule, constantly, against the background of the emergence of excessive emotions, as well as as a reaction to overprotection on the part of parents and relatives: grandfathers, grandmothers and others.
Such children are most prone to displaying aggression, which at the age of three looks like hysteria. Here, such behavior cannot be ignored, otherwise, over time, it can develop into constant outbursts of antisocial behavior.
Interesting! It is almost impossible to suppress the hysterics of a 3-year-old choleric child if you react with his own methods. Shouts and tantrums on your part will only aggravate the situation, fueling an already existing conflict.
It is much better to go the other way around by adopting a tone that is the opposite of that of a child. Calmly, but confidently, you must explain to the baby that his requirements will not be met, even if his tantrum continues. Even small concessions cannot be made categorically.
You must adhere to your fair demands, and not allow the child to manipulate you, using their bouts of aggression and whims.
In conclusion, we can say that raising a balanced child, self-confident, is the main task of every parent. Therefore, when faced with tantrums and whims of your baby, you must act patiently and consistently, not giving place to your own feelings and emotions.
Always be fair, react consistently, and do not let your child manipulate you with tantrums, no matter how old they are.
7 signs of hysteria in a child (video)
Doctor Komarovsky about children's tantrums (video)
Psychologist's advice on how to cope with a child's tantrum (video)
When Paul Hudgell's adoptive mother first saw baby Tony and he looked at her with big brown eyes, her heart was broken immediately, reports The Sun.
His eyes were filled with a sadness that no child should know. He was beautiful, but at the same time inside he was broken
Paula Hudgell
Tony's parents are jailed for ten years for their child abuse. When the boy was only 41 days old, he was hospitalized with multiple organ failure, multiple fractures and sepsis. At four months, he still weighed extremely little for his age - 4 kilograms, but nevertheless, the adoptive parents, who are raising seven more children, were not afraid to take on his health.
Tony's biological parents beat him for ten days, resulting in eight fractures on the baby's legs alone. Due to serious injuries and infections, the boy had to amputate them. However, now he has grown up to be the most cheerful child. Tony is already three years old, and he never ceases to delight his new family. In the coming winter, he plans to learn to walk with prostheses.
The decision to amputate was the most difficult one we made. But two days later, Tony was chasing the nurses in a wheelchair, and the next day we returned home. He never asked about the leg and told people that he was attacked by a shark.
Paula Hudgell
Only thanks to the efforts of Paula and her husband, Mark, Tony's biological parents ended up behind bars. Previously, the police did not have enough evidence to hold them accountable. Then Paula began to send letters to local authorities to get the case going.
Three years have passed! Bright, rich, unique! Your child has become a full-fledged personality with his own character, habits, temperament, he has his own characteristics of figure, behavior. He is a good conversationalist, he can tell how his day went, where he was, what he saw. Children at the age of 3 begin to realize themselves as separate individuals, with their desires, interests and preferences. Over the years, the baby has grown noticeably, has mastered new skills and abilities, has become dexterous, active and inquisitive. The vocabulary at 3 years is up to 1000 words, in his speech the baby successfully uses numbers, adjectives, pronouns, adverbs, in children's questions you can often hear "how?" and why?" Sometimes his many questions baffle you, and sometimes the number of them makes you dizzy. Be patient, you should not interrupt the child, his desire to learn new things in the world around him is natural, and your sharpness can suppress his cognitive aspirations in the baby, and this can adversely affect the further development of the baby. The kid wants to be good, we are waiting for the approval and praise from the adult. Independence and independence are becoming more and more evident. At this age, it is very important for a child to be appreciated and praised.
What's new
At three years old, the child should know and name the four primary colors and some shades of colors correctly. At this age, the baby is able to collect sequentially (that is, from the smallest to the largest) caps, a pyramid, molds, a nesting doll from 4-6 components.
Able to pick up geometric shapes based on the pattern, can also pick up the corresponding shapes according to the hole handicap in the educational aid (game).
Can name familiar geometric shapes. Assembles a pyramid of 10 rings (by size, for example, descending, by color, by shape).
Distinguishes objects by size - small, medium, large. Can distinguish an object by its texture - soft, hard.
Drawing skills are improved, so the kid can add missing details to the drawing of an adult - for example, a leaf to a branch, a stem to a flower, smoke to a steam locomotive.
He tries to paint over, draws ovals, circles, draws lines.
While drawing, the toddler can imitate the writing of an adult. During sculpting, he can pinch off a piece of plasticine, roll it out in the palms of his hands, connect the parts. Tries to sculpt simple shapes - sausage, ball, bagel and others.
At the age of three, a child is able to master quite complex skills, such as riding a tricycle, swinging, and sledding. By the age of three, many babies are no longer afraid to swim. The child knows how to jump over obstacles, walks on an inclined plane, jumps in length from a place on two legs, can jump from a small height. At this age, children can perform two actions at the same time (for example, stomp and clap, jump and raise their arms to the sides). The child easily throws, rolls, catches the ball.
Three-year-olds are happy to play and communicate with their peers, exchange toys, "drive" companies.
He is also capable of prolonged games with a toy that attracted his attention, playing story games, looking at pictures and listening to fairy tales. Concentrates on assignments for a longer time.
The development of the nervous system in a child at three years old
From three to six years, the final myelination of the fibers occurs, the child's brain is almost mature, vital skills are formed. By the age of six, the mental development of a child reaches such a degree that, in the absence of adults, this little person can fully support his life. From 3 to 6 years in a child's life - the preschool period. Preschool age takes place between early and primary school age (from 3 to 6-7 years) and is extremely important for the development of the psyche and personality of the child. The leading activity of this age is play, therefore it is no coincidence that it is also called the “age of play”. Within preschool age, there are 3 periods:
- Junior preschool age 3-4 years.
- Average 4-5 years.
- Senior 5-6 / 7 years old.
On average, the main content of the game is the relationship between people. Children play so-called role-playing games. Here actions are no longer performed for the sake of actions, they are a means of realizing the role, contributing to the development of the plot. The introduction of a plot and a play role significantly increases the child's capabilities in many areas of mental life.
In older preschool age, role-playing is gradually replaced by a game with rules. The main content of the game is the implementation of the rules arising from the role assumed. Game actions are reduced, generalized and become conventional.
From a scientific point of view, play is of great importance for the mental development of a child. At this age, the mental development of a preschooler is almost ready for the beginning of a systematized educational process in educational institutions.
Children are offered games that:
- Develop fine motor skills of the fingers.
- They increase the associative array.
- They help to solve logical problems of low complexity.
- Develop attention.
In addition to playing, other forms of activity are characteristic of preschool age: construction, drawing, modeling, perception of fairy tales and stories, etc. The child gradually masters the coordination of small hand movements. This gives him the opportunity to improve his visual activity. Most children of this age draw with great enthusiasm. The visual activity of a child of this age period is distinguished by the fact that the result is completely unimportant to him. The process of creating a picture comes to the fore. Therefore, once the drawing is complete, children often throw it away. And only by the end of preschool age, the child begins to pay attention to the drawing itself, that is, to evaluate the result of his work. From a psychological point of view, drawing is considered as a kind of children's speech and as a preparatory stage of written speech. In the drawing, the child expresses his attitude to reality, in him you can immediately see what is main for the child and what is secondary.
Be sure to read fairy tales and poems to your child, and then ask them to retell them.
Do not be lazy to devote the maximum amount of time to the neuropsychic development of the child. Do not shift the responsibility to the nanny, kindergarten, school. Even if something goes wrong, children are like plasticine: at an early age, a lot can be corrected.
Crisis of three years
The crises that your child will overcome (and have already overcome) are actually not so few: this is a crisis of a newborn, a crisis of one year, three years, seven years, the well-known crisis of adolescence. It should be noted that the names of crises (except, probably, newborns) are very arbitrary, and the time of their occurrence depends on the particular child and the conditions of his life.By the age of three, parents often find that it is not so easy to deal with the baby. He suddenly ceases to obey, and what he recently took for granted, now causes a storm of protest in him. Why is this happening? And how to call the baby to order and calmness?
Three years is the age when a child so wants to feel like an adult and independent, at this age children already have their own "want" and are ready to defend it in front of adults. This is the time of discoveries and discoveries, the age of awakening fantasy and realizing oneself as a person. A pronounced feature of this period is the three-year crisis. In babies, it can manifest itself in different ways, but the main "symptoms" are extreme stubbornness, negativism and self-will.
All this is explained by the fact that at the age of 3-5 years a child tries to take his place among people. He tries to realize his individuality and his differences from other children. He feels like a person and does everything so that adults perceive him as an equal. It was at this time that the little man tries to find those activities that he likes. He wants to be like adults in everything, and the fact that they always help him in everything leads him to negative. Changes in behavior form character, volitional qualities. There is pride in their successes, a desire to help, independence, a sense of duty. And the point is not even how this period proceeds, but what changes it will entail in the character of the child. But how long the process will last and how painful it is for the child depends directly on the parents and their upbringing methods. Punishments and prohibitions for no reason, limitation of independence, suppression of initiative can be the reason for the acute course of this period.
Good to know
A 3-year-old crisis in children is a serious test for parents, but a child at this time is even more difficult. He does not understand what is happening to him and is unable to control his behavior. And he needs your support.
Crisis signs 3 years
- Negativism. In a general sense, negativism means the desire to contradict, to do the opposite of what he is told. The child may be very hungry, or really want to listen to a fairy tale, but he will refuse only because you, or some other adult offers it to him. Negativism must be distinguished from ordinary disobedience. After all, the child does not obey you, not because he wants to, but because at the moment he cannot do otherwise. Refusing your offer or request, he "protects" his "I".
- Stubbornness. Having expressed his own point of view or asked for something, the little three-year-old stubborn will bend his line with all his might. Does he really want the execution of the "request"? May be. But, most likely, not very much, or in general, has long ceased to want. But how will the baby understand that his point of view is considered, that his opinion is listened to, if you do it your way?
- Obstinacy. Obstinacy, in contrast to negativism, is a general protest against the usual way of life, the norms of upbringing. The child is dissatisfied with everything that is offered to him.
- Self-will. The little headstrong three-year-old accepts only what he has decided and conceived himself. This is a peculiar tendency towards independence, but hypertrophied and inadequate to the child's capabilities. It is not hard to guess that this behavior causes conflicts and quarrels with others.
- Depreciation. Everything that was previously interesting, familiar, expensive is depreciated. Favorite toys during this period become bad, an affectionate grandmother - nasty, parents - angry. The child may begin to swear, call names (the old norms of behavior are devalued), break a favorite toy or tear a book (attachments to previously dear objects are devalued), etc.
- Riot protest. This condition can be best described in the words of the famous psychologist L.S. Vygotsky: "The child is in a state of war with others, in constant conflict with them."
- Despotism. More recently, an affectionate, baby at the age of three often turns into a real family despot. He dictates to all those around him the norms and rules of behavior: what to feed him, what to wear, who can leave the room, and who cannot, what to do for one family member, and what for the rest. If there are still children in the family, despotism begins to take on the features of heightened jealousy. Indeed, from the point of view of a three-year-old toddler, his brothers or sisters do not have any rights in the family at all.
Good to know
The crisis of three years in children just needs to wait out like a storm, survive like an earthquake and endure it like a disease. Therefore, your motto for this year is patience, patience and patience!
Calm, only calm
The main manifestations of the crisis that disturb the parents usually consist in the so-called "affective outbursts" - hysterics, tears, whims. The recommendations for behavior in such situations will be the same: do nothing and do not decide until the baby completely calms down. However, there are many babies who are capable of "beating hysterically" for a long time, and few mothers' hearts can withstand this picture. Therefore, it may be useful to "feel sorry" for the child: hug, sit on your knees, pat on the head. This method usually works flawlessly, but you should not abuse it. After all, the child gets used to the fact that his tears and whims are followed by "positive reinforcement." And getting used to it, he will use this opportunity to get an additional "portion" of affection and attention. It is best to stop an incipient hysteria by simply switching attention. At the age of three, babies are very receptive to everything new, and a new toy, cartoon or an offer to do something interesting can stop the conflict and save your nerves. Trial and error method
Allow your little one to make mistakes now, before your very eyes. This will help him avoid many serious problems in the future. But for this you yourself must see in your baby, yesterday's baby, an independent person who has the right to go his own way and be understood. It was found that if parents limit the manifestations of a child's independence, punish or ridicule his attempts at independence, then the development of the little man is disturbed: and instead of will, independence, a heightened sense of shame and insecurity is formed. Of course, the path of freedom is not a path of connivance. Determine for yourself those boundaries that the child has no right to go beyond. For example, you cannot play on the road, you cannot skip a nap, you cannot walk in the forest without a hat, etc. You must adhere to these boundaries under all circumstances. In other situations, give your baby the freedom to act on his or her own mind.freedom of choice
The right to make our own decisions is one of the main signs of how free we feel in a given situation. A three-year-old has the same perception of reality. This will allow the child to form the qualities necessary in life, and you will be able to cope with some of the negative manifestations of the three-year crisis. Does the kid say “no”, “I won't”, “I don’t want” to everything? Then don't force him! Offer him two options to choose from: draw with felt-tip pens or pencils, walk in the yard or in the park, eat from a blue or green plate. You will save your nerves, and the child will enjoy and be confident that his opinion is taken into account. The kid is stubborn, and you can not convince him in any way? Try to “stage” such situations in a “safe” environment. For example, when you are in no hurry and can choose from several options. After all, if the kid manages to defend his point of view, he gains confidence in his abilities, the significance of his own opinion. Stubbornness is the beginning of the development of will, the achievement of a set goal. And it is in your power to direct it in this direction, and not make it a source of "donkey" character traits for life. It is also worth mentioning the "do the opposite" technique known to some parents. Tired of the endless "no", "I do not want" and "I will not", mom begins to vigorously convince her baby of the opposite of what she wants. For example, "under no circumstances go to bed", "you must not sleep", "do not eat this soup." With a little stubborn three-year-old, this method often works. However, is it worth using it? Even from the outside, he looks very unethical: the child is the same person as you, however, using your position, experience, knowledge, you deceive and manipulate him. In addition to the issue of ethics, here you can recall another point: the crisis serves the development of the personality, the formation of character. Will the child, who is constantly “deceived” in this way, learn something new? Will he develop the necessary qualities in himself? This can only be doubted.The game
Increased independence is one of the features of the three-year crisis. Parents can really help the child to overcome the crisis faster, make it less painful for the baby himself and for everyone around him. This can be done in the game. It was her great psychologist and expert on child development, Eric Erickson, who compared it to a "safe island" where a baby can "develop and test his independence, independence." The world learns through games. Don't forget this. With the help of the game, you can not only teach him etiquette or rules of behavior, but also make him do what he does not want. For example, if he refuses to eat, then offer to feed toys that will only be eaten with him. Use this. An age crisis is a turning point in a child's life. He will need your love, care and tenderness more than ever. Therefore, do not be stingy, make him feel that you love him.
Physical development of a child at 3 years old
Can stand on tiptoe (toes) for a few seconds. Walk on tiptoe at least 3 meters. Must be able to stand on one leg for at least 3-4 seconds.
Jumps over the line on the floor. By the age of three, and often even earlier, he independently climbs the stairs, alternating his legs: he puts one leg on each step when going up. He descends more carefully, placing two feet on each step. Can jump off the last step with two feet together.
Throws and catches the ball. At 3.5 years old, all children must catch a ball thrown from a distance of 2 meters.
Rides a tricycle while pedaling. If your toddler does not have a bike, you can use a test to check coordination.
Test
If shown and explained well, a toddler can perform two different actions at the same time - stomp his feet and clap his hands.
Child skills at 3 years old
He dresses and puts on shoes himself. Fastens buttons, except for uncomfortable ones, for example, on the back. Some children can be taught how to tie their shoelaces. Undresses on her own. Knows how to fold his clothes before bed. Notices a mess in his clothes. Knows how to use a handkerchief and napkin as needed without being reminded. Knows how to wipe his feet when entering an apartment. He washes his hands with soap and water and wipes them with a towel. Some children brush their teeth themselves, but most still need help extruding the toothpaste onto the brush. Inserts the key into the door lock (from the age of two), turns the key in the door lock. He is active in everyday life of the family: he likes to help adults when cleaning the house, shopping, working in the garden and vegetable garden. You can trust your child to carry the dishes and set the table.
Regulates his physiological needs - goes to the toilet on time. Does everything on her own (undressing, sitting down, dressing), except for using toilet paper.
He eats with a spoon and fork gently on his own. Holds them by the end of the handle.
Child play at 3 years old
Assembles a pyramid of eight to ten rings according to a sample or pattern (in descending order of size, size and color, shape and size). Builds a tower of eight or nine cubes.Selects flat geometric shapes to the sample (circle, rectangle, triangle, trapezoid, oval, square). Some of them are called: circle, triangle, square, etc.
On show, at the request of an adult, or in independent play, he sequentially collects (puts the smaller one into the larger one) matryoshka dolls, bowls, molds, caps from four or five components (that is, he can put 3-4 nesting dolls in each other). Should no longer use brute force when nesting shapes. He understands well how to insert an object, which part or side to bring it to another object. But you may also need help to close the matryoshka and align the drawings on its two halves.
Upon presentation of three items of different sizes, he finds and can name large, small and medium. Defines the subject by texture (soft, hard).
He begins to make more complex plot structures out of blocks, a designer or auxiliary materials and names them: a house, a fence, a car, a bridge, etc. He builds not only independently or according to the speech instructions of an adult, he can build according to a model or drawing, copies a model. Uses these buildings for a board game with plot toys (car, bear, doll).
At this age, you can already start buying your child the simplest board games.
Seeks to play with other children. It becomes important for the child to participate in a collective role-playing game. In the distribution of roles by the elders, he readily plays the role assigned to him: "You will be a bunny." He willingly performs errands in the game. Observes the rules in outdoor games. Demonstrates understanding of the order when playing with children. There is a tendency to have friends. He is kind to children: he does not grab toys, does not take without asking, shares his toys. For the further development of the child, it is useful to organize communication with other children and attendance at kindergarten. As stated earlier, girls get used to kindergarten better. For boys, the beginning of kindergarten can be postponed up to 3.5 years.
An independent role-playing game is being improved. For example, while playing with a doll or bear, a child can say “I am a mother,” “I am a doctor,” that is, he takes on a certain role. Dresses and undresses dolls. Shows imagination in the game (chair - car, cube - soap). At the expense of imagination, he can carry out game actions without objects. He fantasizes in the game, introducing fairy-tale characters into it. In the game, he calls himself some kind of character. Answers the question of an adult: "Who are you?" Speaks a lot during the game, commenting on his actions or what he imagines in the game. Uses role-playing speech in the game. Speaks for himself and the doll.
Draws
He holds the pencil correctly with the fingers of his leading hand, copies from the sample, draws horizontal and vertical lines, closed shapes (circle, sun, apple). According to the show, he can draw a cross, but not every child can still copy it. Copying differs from drawing by showing in that when copying, the child does not see how you yourself are drawing. The child copies from the drawing you have already drawn. Therefore, copying is a more difficult task than painting as you see fit.
After your show, he begins to draw a man in two parts, while a pair of limbs, for example, two arms, counts as one part. Usually he draws either a torso and a head, or a torso and legs, most often a "cephalopod" - a man without a torso.
Begins to paint according to his own design. Explains what he is drawing (sun, path, rain, etc.). Begins to paint over drawings. Shows interest in drawing, modeling. Rolls out lumps of clay, plasticine in the palms, connects the parts. Sculpts simple shapes (ball, column, sausage, bagel). Names them in response to the question: "What is this?" He enjoys his actions when possible. Grieves at the inability to do something.
Mental development of a child at 3 years old
Shows a sense of pride in himself ("I run the best"), for parents ("dad is the strongest", "mom is the most beautiful"). Begins to understand humor - laughs, is perplexed. Emotionally reacts in different ways to the beautiful, the ugly: notices, distinguishes, evaluates.Emotionally evaluates the situation: empathizes (if someone is in pain), helps (if you need help), sympathizes, behaves quietly (if someone is asleep, tired). Notices the upset, discontent, joy of adults or children. Emotionally empathizes with the characters when listening to fairy tales, watching children's performances, cartoons (happy, sad, angry, frowning from "pain", etc.).
Experiencing a feeling of chagrin, shame. Understands that he did something bad (did not have time to use the toilet, spilled water), expects a negative assessment from an adult. Worries if scolded. For a long time can be offended for the punishment. Understands if someone else is doing badly. Gives an emotionally negative assessment: “You cannot offend (break, tear, take away, fight)”.
Can be jealous, offended, intercede, angry, cunning, mischievous.
Shows shyness with characteristic facial expressions, especially when a stranger addresses him. Wary of unfamiliar animals, individuals, new situations. Fears, fear of the dark may arise.
A sense of caution and an awareness of danger are formed. Begins to navigate in the concepts: dangerous - safe, harmful - useful. However, even at this age, it is necessary to continue to explain the child the possible dangers, as described in the previous stage "2 years 6 months". Follows verbal instructions in four to five steps. Becomes more accommodating, begins to understand the difference between the past and the future, and realizes the possibility of postponing the immediate fulfillment of their desires for the future. Makes attempts to put things in order around him. With the right upbringing, he shows emotional restraint: he does not shout in public places, calmly crosses the street with an adult, does not run on the sidewalk, calmly listens to the request of an adult and fulfills it, stops crying with a reasonable prohibition.
At the same time, he can be disobedient, emotionally tense when limiting movements, when an adult does not understand his requests and desires. Can be persistent in his demands. Often repeats: "I myself." Compared to the stage "2 years 6 months" already all children should clearly understand the quantitative ratio (one and many). A test can be conducted to test this understanding.
Test
Put one item on the table (preferably candy), and on the other side - several candies; then ask the child to show: "Where is one candy, and where is many?" In the future, the concept of numbers expands. The child shows and says: "One, two, three, a lot, a little."
Begins to distinguish between the right and left sides, although he may still be wrong. The leading hand (right-handedness or left-handedness) is determined in the interval of 20 months - 4 years. In the second half of life, there may be transient left-handedness in right-handed children.
Understands the difference between your own and someone else's, learns to share with others. He understands that his things must be returned back, and other people's toys (for example, in the kindergarten) do not belong to him, they must be returned. Knows the names of body parts (head, neck, back, chest, abdomen, arms, legs, fingers). Knows the purpose of body parts: “eyes look”, “ears listen”, “legs walk”.
Knows the names of the same parts of the body in humans and animals: "eyes are for everyone, legs are for humans, paws are for animals, hands are for humans, wings are for birds."
In this age period, the child should be able to navigate well enough in the four colors. He begins to distinguish between black and white colors, selects them according to a sample or at the request of an adult: "Give me a red cube, give me a black cube." To the question "What color is the cube?" correctly names 2-3 (sometimes more) colors.
He listens to fairy tales with great interest, has the most favorite ones and demands to repeat them over and over again. Likes to watch TV.
Active speech of a child at 3 years old
At three years of age, the natural diversity (variability) in the speech development of different children is reduced, and all children without any developmental disabilities must meet the following requirements.
Names some animals, as well as their babies, household items, clothes, dishes, equipment, plants, etc. from the picture.
All children at this age should say about themselves "I": "I went", "I myself." Uses the pronouns "you", "we", "mine".
The child should be able to speak in simple, grammatically formatted phrases. Usually phrases are three to four words long. He begins to combine two phrases into a complex sentence (the main and subordinate parts of the sentence): "When dad comes home from work, we will go for a walk." Words in phrases can be changed by numbers and cases. The child's speech must be understandable to outsiders. He often accompanies his actions with speech. Enters into speech dialogues with children, adults. Briefly tells adults about what he is doing now or did recently, that is, he conducts a conversation consisting of several sentences. Answers questions of an adult about a plot picture. Tells a familiar fairy tale coherently from the picture.
Attention!
If at 3 years old the child communicates only with the help of babbling words and scraps of babbling sentences: "gaki" (eyes), "noti" (legs), "eye" (window), "dev" (door), "uchi" (hands) ; "Yes tina" (give me a car), then urgent consultation with a neurologist and classes with a speech therapist are needed (even if the child has successfully passed a routine examination by an "official" speech therapist).
During this period, the child can learn and repeat short poems (couplets and quatrains), short songs and excerpts from fairy tales. Word-creation and a tendency to rhyme appear. Shows a special interest in conversations between adults.
Quickly answers the question: "What is your name?" He gives not only his name, but also his surname. Calls friends by name.
Answers the question: "How old are you?" At first he only shows on his fingers, and a little later begins to name his age. Knows her gender. Correctly answers the question: "Are you a boy or a girl?" Begins to distinguish between the sex of others.
Asks not only simple questions: "What is this?", "Who?", "Where?", "Where?" More and more often there are cognitive questions: "Why?", "When?", "Why?" other. The emergence of the question "why?" marks a new stage in the child's mental development. The age of why is coming. Before that, he just got to know the world, and now he seeks to understand this world. The earlier the child asked the question "why?", The more complete his mental development, the later - the more pronounced the delay. If a three-year-old child has not yet asked this question, then the parents should ask it themselves and answer it themselves, thereby stimulating the child's cognitive interest.
Baby regimen at 3 years old
The dream of a child at 3 years old is practically no different from what it was a year earlier. It is advisable to devote at least 10 hours to a night's sleep and once for an hour or two put a three-year-old child to sleep during the day. Due to increased physical activity and strong impressionability, it is not easy to put children at this age to sleep during the day, but it is better to insist on your own - systematic lack of sleep will not be beneficial for the child's body. 
Bathing is helpful before bed. Do not forget about hygiene: a 3-year-old baby should already be able to wash himself, brush his teeth, and go to the toilet on his own.
His clothes should be clean and ironed. If the child gets dirty, it must be changed immediately. He should know not to wear dirty clothes, so he will get used to being neat. For children, it is advisable to purchase clothes only from natural fabrics. Especially, which is in contact with the body, so that it does not cause chafing and irritation. At home, children should wear soft, comfortable flannel or jersey clothing.
At the age of three, the baby tries to brush his teeth on his own, under the supervision of adults. Let him do this, while periodically showing how to move the brush correctly. Particular attention should be paid to the indentations between the teeth, since this is where most food particles remain and plaque accumulates. A child's teeth should be brushed 2 times a day: in the morning - after breakfast and in the evening - after dinner. During for, after each meal (especially sweet), teach the child to rinse the mouth.
Teach your child to use only their own hygiene items (towel, washcloth, toothbrush, comb, etc.). For the prevention of diseases, it is better to hang a separate towel for the child. Show him where it hangs and change it regularly for a clean one.
3 years is the time when most children go to the garden. All kids are individual, and therefore it is necessary to decide whether you can send a 3-year-old child to a kindergarten or not based on the accompanying circumstances. If you have no other choice - of course, the child will go to kindergarten. If you decide to take your child to the kindergarten, at least some time before that, go with him to early development groups - so that the separation from you is not so abrupt. It is necessary to accustom the baby to the peer group in advance. Then the kindergarten will be a joy to him: new impressions, new faces, games with peers.
Good to know
Compliance with the daily routine will help facilitate the period of adaptation of the child to kindergarten. Find out in advance what the daily routine in kindergarten (which the child will go to) and try to adhere to it.
How to feed a baby at 3 years old
At three years old, the child becomes more and more active. The child's nutrition should be correct, balanced, varied. Many parents mistakenly believe that from 3 years old it is time for a child to eat all dishes from an adult table. But digestion at this age is not yet sufficiently developed and it is necessary to continue to be attentive to nutrition. Transferring the entire child to an adult table is not worth it. It is much easier to do wiser - to transfer the whole family to a healthy diet, thereby establishing a common menu for children and adults. There is definitely no need to use a blender anymore when preparing children's meals. The food should be chunky, make the chewing muscles work and strengthen. But food should not be tough, the child will not be able to chew it well or will completely refuse such food.
Nutrition for children 3 years old is also independence. Previously, the baby preferred to open his mouth when he saw a spoon being brought up, or smear the puree on the surfaces around him. As he grows older, he enjoys demonstrating the skills of independent handling of a spoon, likes to eat at the same table with adults, imitates the process of eating, playing with other children or favorite toys.
The daily routine of a 3-year-old child should contain at least 4-5 meals with an interval of three to four hours:
- Breakfast.
- The second breakfast can look like a snack.
- Afternoon snack
- Dinner.
Good to know
it is important to observe the measure - do not overfeed the child. Long gone are those hungry times when well-fed meant healthy. A child cannot and should not eat an adult portion. Have pity on the child - the habit of overeating in the future can cause many problems, both medical and psychological.
What should be in the diet of a three-year-old child
Meat products - 70 grams per day. Consume daily. It can be rabbit, veal, lean pork, liver, as well as premium meat products: children's milk sausages, small sausages, doctor's boiled sausage. Smoked meat products are contraindicated for toddlers.From fish and fish dishes (for example, fish cakes) in the amount of 60-70 grams per day. Consume twice a week. A prerequisite: the fish must be carefully separated from the bones.
From milk and dairy products that your baby needs every day. This valuable product contains calcium and easily digestible protein, which are very important for the growth and development of a child. You can surprise your baby with new dishes for him: lazy dumplings, cheese mass, cottage cheese casserole, etc.
Porridge - which is desirable to serve the baby for breakfast daily. Why in the morning? Yes, because the cereals from which porridge are prepared consist of useful digestive fibers that improve the functioning of the digestive system, contain vitamins, a number of trace elements that give the baby a boost of energy for the whole day. It is useful for a three-year-old baby to eat oatmeal, buckwheat, pearl barley, wheat and barley porridge, boiled in water or milk.
Boiled eggs. It is contraindicated to give raw eggs to the baby.
Vegetables - which need to be consumed by the baby in the amount of three hundred grams daily. It should be boiled or stewed potatoes, beets, carrots, onions. You can make a vinaigrette from vegetables.
Flour products - bread, pasta, pancakes, pancakes, biscuit and oatmeal cookies, which a baby needs in the amount of one hundred grams per day.
Fruits - apples, pears, dried fruits, bananas.
Drinking - natural juices, cocoa, compotes, fruit drinks, tea. Let your baby drink as requested, especially during the hot season. Soda is not recommended, juices are still better and healthier to dilute with water.
Usually, it is at the age of three or four that the child first gets acquainted with sweets - unless, of course, the parents are their principal opponents. There is no big problem in giving your baby candy sometimes (although honey is still healthier), but you should not do it in between feedings. You can also enjoy marmalade or marshmallows. Chocolate can be given in limited quantities if it is not allergic to it.
Good to know
Do not give sweets to children at night, as the acid formed in the oral cavity after sweets contributes to dental caries.
Instead of sweets, you can offer your child dried fruits. They are great for children, rich in minerals such as potassium, calcium, iron and magnesium, but also have some medicinal properties. Dried apricots are good for the cardiovascular system, and help with constipation, and dried pears are recommended for indigestion and a tendency to diarrhea.
Good to know
When buying dried fruits, do not pursue a beautiful appearance - to improve the presentation, sellers often process dried fruits with sulfur dioxide or chemical dyes.
A child 3-5 years old should receive protein approximately per day:
- Meat - 100-140 g.
- Fish - 50-100 g.
- Egg - 1 / 2-1 pc.
- Milk (including consumption for cooking) and kefir - 600 ml.
- Cottage cheese - 50 g, Hard cheese and sour cream - 10-15 g each.
Carbohydrates play an equally important role in the body - they are the main source of energy. To replenish the body in carbohydrates, you need to eat vegetables, fruits, cereal dishes. With an insufficient intake of carbohydrates, the body can use proteins for energy needs, which will lead to protein deficiency. In turn, an excess of carbohydrates can lead to obesity, flatulence, hypovitaminosis, water retention in the body. Approximately a day, a child 3-5 years old should receive carbohydrates:
- Cereals, legumes, pasta - 60 g, Flour - 30 g.
- Vegetables - 300 g (do not forget to give the children turnips, radishes, garlic, green salad), Potatoes - 150-200 g.
- Fruits and berries - 200 g.
- Dried fruits - 15 g.
- Bread - 80-100 g.
- Sugar (taking into account it in the composition of confectionery) - 60-70 g.
- Tea (brewing) - 0.2 g.
Good to know
The most harmful are fats formed when vegetable oil is heated. Therefore, what really needs to be limited in the child's diet is food fried in a large amount of oil (chips, french fries, fast food), as well as margarine and all products prepared with its use - cookies, baked goods.
Micro-, macroelements and vitamins have no nutritional value for the body, but are essential for the structure of bones and teeth, the immune system, for the health of the skin, eyes, for metabolic processes, osmotic pressure, acid-base state. Therefore, you need to drink mineral water, eat varied, eat vegetables and fruits every day, and be sure to add dill, parsley, onion and celery to salads.
Recipes:
Composition for 500 g (three small portions):
- 120 g of noodles or pasta or noodles.
- 180 g of cottage cheese 9% (1 pack).
- 1 egg.
- 2 tablespoons of sugar.
- 10 g sour cream.
- 1 tbsp bread crumbs.
- Butter for greasing the mold.
- Sour cream for serving.
Boil a liter of water in a small saucepan, salt it a little. Boil the noodles in boiling water until cooked according to the instructions on the package (usually boil the noodles for 8-10 minutes). Drain and transfer the noodles to a large cup.
Add cottage cheese and sugar to the hot noodles, stir them with a spoon until large pieces of cottage cheese remain.
Add the egg and stir again.
Grease the mold with butter and sprinkle the bottom and sides of the mold with breadcrumbs, shake off the excess breadcrumbs. Place the noodles with cottage cheese in a baking dish and flatten. Spread sour cream on top of the casserole and sprinkle with some breadcrumbs.
Preheat the oven to 200 degrees. Place the casserole in the oven and bake for about 30–35 minutes, until the casserole is lightly browned. Remove the casserole and let stand for 15 minutes, then cut into pieces and serve with sour cream.
How to develop a child at 3 years old
Any activities with a 3-year-old child should be carried out in a playful way, without the use of coercion in any form. The kid should show interest in the developmental game and enjoy it, otherwise he will lose interest in it and stop playing it altogether. Spend no more than 15 minutes on any active activity. Do not ask your child to complete the task “no matter what” at the age of 3 - this can lead to overwork. Encourage your child's achievements by presenting them with cards or homemade medals. You can make a certificate at the end of the cycle of classes, sign and reward the child with it. Use a variety of teaching aids - layout books, bingo or dominoes with pictures, books with expressive illustrations, books with windows, board games with pictures, wall calendars and posters with useful information (animals, plants, numbers, seasons). Sand applique kits, paper appliques. You can offer your child baby scissors - at the age of three, children begin to cut out simple shapes, for safety reasons, let the games with scissors take place under your supervision.
Kits for creativity - pencils, crayons, plasticine, clay, lacing games, sets of colored paper, stickers, watercolor paints. An easel is great for drawing. It is very convenient to use paper in rolls, it can be rolled out on the floor and create more space for creativity.
What toys to choose for a child at 3 years old
At this age, children prefer more complex and functional toys. Motor development toys - balls, gymnastic sticks, pull-up toys, bicycle, swimming circle, skittles and others. For the development of design abilities - toys consisting of geometric shapes, opening and closing toys, cubes, pyramids, legos with large parts, sand molds and others.
Toys for role-playing and story games - sets of a doctor, a fireman, a hairdresser, a builder, a teacher's shop, a set of children's dishes, toy vegetables, fruits, cars, houses, dolls, animals and others.
Despite the fact that the child is already big, try to devote time to him. Play and practice with him. Praise your efforts more often and then his successes will not be long in coming.
Take out the projector ...
Good to know
Modern cartoons on TV or DVD are good, of course. But it will be even better if you still have your old filmstrips and a projector. Children love to watch such homemade cartoons on the wall or on a white sheet. There is a certain amount of mystery and enigma in this process. Moreover, the old Soviet cartoons are interesting and very kind. It is important for the child that there are mom or dad nearby, who at this moment look like good wizards.
Outdoor games
An example of such games:Walk like geese or other animals.
Walk on all fours.
Exercise on the Swedish wall or on the whole home sports complex - with rings, a trapeze, crossbars, rope ladders, a rope.
Play volleyball with an inflatable or balloon.
Play bowling.
Walk with a stuffed toy or book on your head.
Do I need to go to the clinic at 3 years old
At the age of three, the child undergoes an in-depth medical examination - clinical examination, especially if he goes to kindergarten.Medical examination at three years includes:
- Examination by a pediatrician, neurologist, ophthalmologist, ENT doctor, orthopedic surgeon, dermatologist, speech therapist, dentist, possibly a gynecologist.
- Laboratory examination - clinical analysis of blood, urine, coproscopy, examination of scrapings for enterobiasis (or feces for helminth eggs).
