On the market square
At the fire station
All day long
Watchman at the booth
looked around -
On North,
South,
To the west,
To the East, -
Can't you see the smoke?
And if he saw a fire,
Floating carbon monoxide smoke,
He raised a beacon
Above the fire tower.
And two balls
And three balls
Soared up, it happened.
And here from the fire yard
The team was leaving.
The alarm bell woke the people
The pavement shook.
And rushed forward with a roar
The team is gone.
Now there is no need for a kalanchi, -
Call by phone
And tell about the fire
the nearest area.
Let every citizen remember
Fire number: zero-one!
There is a concrete house in the area -
Three floors and above -
With large yard and garage
And with a tower on the roof.
Changing, in the top floor
Firefighters are sitting
And their cars in the garage
They look at the door with a motor.
Just a little - at night or in the afternoon -
Give an alarm
A dashing squad of fire fighters
Carrying down the road...
Mother went to the market
Daughter Lena said:
- Don't touch the stove, Lenochka.
It burns, Lenochka, fire!
Only mother came down from the porch,
Lena sat down in front of the stove,
Looks into the red crack,
And the fire is roaring in the oven.
Lena opened the door -
The fire jumped from the log,
Burned the floor in front of the stove
Climb up the tablecloth on the table,
Ran over the chairs with a bang,
Crawled up the curtains
The walls were covered in smoke
Licks the floor and ceiling.
But the firemen knew
Where it burns, in what quarter.
The commander gives the signal
And now - in a single moment -
Cars break out
From the open gates.
They rush into the distance with a booming sound.
There is no obstacle in their way.
And turns to green
There is a red light in front of them.
In five minutes cars
They reached the fire
Lined up at the gate
Connected elastic hose,
And, puffed up with effort,
He hit like a machine gun.
Carbon monoxide smoke swirled.
Gary's room is full.
In the hands of Kuzma the fireman
Carried Lena out of the window.
He, Kuzma, is an old firefighter,
Fighting fires for twenty years
Saved forty souls from death
Fought with flames more than once.
He's not afraid of anything
puts on gloves,
Boldly climbs the wall.
The helmet glows on fire.
Suddenly on the roof from under the beam
Someone's cry was heard pitiful,
And across the fire
Kuzma climbed into the attic.
I stuck my head in the window
Looked ... - Yes, it's a cat!
You will perish here in the fire.
Get into my pocket!
Flames rage wide...
Scattered with tongues
Licks nearby houses.
Kuzma fights back.
Looking for a way through the flames
Calls the younger ones for help
And rush to his call
Three tall fellows.
They destroy the beams with axes,
Fires are extinguished from hoses.
thick black cloud
Smoke curls underfoot.
The flame shudders and gets angry
Runs away like a fox.
A jet from afar
Chases the beast from the attic.
Here the logs have turned black ...
Evil fire hisses from the crack:
- Spare me, Kuzma,
I will not burn houses!
Shut up, insidious fire! -
The fireman tells him. -
I'll show you Kuzma!
I'll put you in jail!
Stay in the oven
In an old lamp and on a candle!
On the bench at the gate
Lena sheds bitter tears.
On the panel in front of the house -
Table and chairs and bed...
Going to friends
Lena spend the night with her mother.
The girl is crying sobbing,
And Kuzma says to her:
- Do not flood the fire with tears,
We will put out the fire with water.
You will live and live.
Only chur - do not set fire!
Here's a cat for you.
Dry it up a bit!
It is done. Hang up.
And again on the bridge
Cars rushed
They trumpeted, they called.
Rushing ladder, pump.
Dust curls from under the wheels.
Here is Kuzma in a crumpled helmet.
His head is bandaged
Forehead in blood, black eye, -
It's not the first time for him.
He worked hard -
Handled the fire well!
On the market square
At the fire station
All day long
Watchman at the booth
looked around
On North,
To the west,
To the East,
Can't you see the smoke?
And if he saw a fire,
Floating carbon monoxide smoke,
He raised a beacon
Above the fire tower.
And two balls
And three balls
Soared up, it happened.
And here from the fire yard
The team was leaving.
The alarm bell woke the people
The pavement shook.
And rushed forward with a roar
The team is gone.
Now you don't need a kalanchi
Call by phone
And tell about the fire
the nearest area.
Let every citizen remember
Fire number: zero-one!
There is a concrete house in the area
Three floors and above
With large yard and garage
And with a tower on the roof.
Changing, in the top floor
Firefighters are sitting
And their cars in the garage
They look at the door with a motor.
Just a little - at night or in the afternoon
Give an alarm
A dashing squad of fire fighters
Carrying along the road…
Mother went to the market
Daughter Lena said:
- Don't touch the stove, Lenochka.
It burns, Lenochka, fire!
Only mother came down from the porch,
Lena sat down in front of the stove,
Looks into the red crack,
And the fire is roaring in the oven.
Lena opened the door
The fire jumped from the log,
Burned the floor in front of the stove
Climb up the tablecloth on the table,
Ran over the chairs with a bang,
Crawled up the curtains
The walls were covered in smoke
Licks the floor and ceiling.
But the firemen knew
Where it burns, in what quarter.
The commander gives the signal
And now - in a single moment
Cars break out
From the open gates.
They rush into the distance with a booming sound.
There is no obstacle in their way.
And turns to green
There is a red light in front of them.
In five minutes cars
They reached the fire
Lined up at the gate
Connected elastic hose,
And, puffed up with effort,
He hit like a machine gun.
Carbon monoxide smoke swirled.
Gary's room is full.
In the hands of Kuzma the fireman
Carried Lena out of the window.
He, Kuzma, is an old firefighter,
Fighting fires for twenty years
Saved forty souls from death
Fought with flames more than once.
He's not afraid of anything
puts on gloves,
Boldly climbs the wall.
The helmet glows on fire.
Suddenly on the roof from under the beam
Someone's cry was heard pitiful,
And across the fire
Kuzma climbed into the attic.
I stuck my head in the window
Looked ... - Yes, it's a cat!
You will perish here in the fire.
Get into my pocket!
Flames rage wide...
Scattered with tongues
Licks nearby houses.
Kuzma fights back.
Looking for a way through the flames
Calls the younger ones for help
And rush to his call
Three tall fellows.
They destroy the beams with axes,
Fires are extinguished from hoses.
thick black cloud
Smoke curls underfoot.
The flame shudders and gets angry
Runs away like a fox.
A jet from afar
Chases the beast from the attic.
Here the logs have turned black ...
Evil fire hisses from the crack:
- Spare me, Kuzma,
I will not burn houses!
"Shut up, treacherous fire!"
The fireman tells him.
I'll show you Kuzma!
I'll put you in jail!
Stay in the oven
In an old lamp and on a candle!
On the bench at the gate
Lena sheds bitter tears.
On the panel in front of the house
Table and chairs and bed...
Going to friends
Lena spend the night with her mother.
The girl is crying sobbing,
And Kuzma says to her:
- Do not flood the fire with tears,
We will put out the fire with water.
You will live and live.
Only chur - do not set fire!
Here's a cat for you.
Dry it up a bit!
It is done. Hang up.
And again on the bridge
Cars rushed
They trumpeted, they called.
Rushing ladder, pump.
Dust curls from under the wheels.
Here is Kuzma in a crumpled helmet.
His head is bandaged
Bloody forehead, black eye
It's not the first time for him.
He worked hard
Handled the fire well!
On the market square
At the fire station
All day long
Watchman at the booth
looked around -
On North,
South,
To the west,
To the East,-
Can't you see the smoke?
And if he saw a fire,
Floating carbon monoxide smoke,
He raised a beacon
Above the fire tower.
And two balls and three balls
Soared up, it happened.
And here from the fire yard
The team was leaving.
The alarm bell woke the people
The pavement shook.
And rushed forward with a roar
Team gone...
Now there is no need for a kalanchi, -
Call by phone
And tell about the fire
the nearest area.
Let every citizen remember
Fire number: zero-one!
There is a concrete house in the area -
Three floors and above
With large yard and garage
And with a tower on the roof.
Changing, in the top floor
Firefighters are sitting
And their cars in the garage
They look at the door with a motor.
Just a little - at night or during the day -
Give an alarm
A dashing squad of fire fighters
Carrying along the road...
Mother went to the market
Daughter Lena said:
- Don't touch the stove, Lenochka.
It burns, Lenochka, fire!
Only mother came down from the porch,
Lena sat down in front of the stove,
Looks into the red crack
And the fire is roaring in the oven.
Lena opened the door -
The fire jumped from the log,
Burned the floor in front of the stove
Climb up the tablecloth on the table,
Ran over the chairs with a bang,
Crawled up the curtains
The walls were covered in smoke
Licks the floor and ceiling.
But the firemen knew
Where it burns, in what quarter.
The commander gives the signal
And now - in a single moment -
Cars break out
From the open gates.
They rush into the distance with a booming sound.
There is no obstacle in their way.
And turns to green
There is a red light in front of them.
At zero minutes cars
They reached the fire
Lined up at the gate
Connected elastic hose,
And, puffed up with effort,
He hit like a machine gun.
Carbon monoxide smoke swirled.
Gary's room is full.
In the hands of Kuzma the fireman
Carried Lena out of the window.
He, Kuzma, is an old fireman.
Fighting fires for twenty years
Saved forty souls from death
Fought with flames more than once.
He's not afraid of anything
puts on gloves,
Boldly climbs the wall.
The helmet glows on fire.
Suddenly on the roof from under the beam
Someone's cry was heard pitiful,
And across the fire
Kuzma climbed into the attic.
I stuck my head in the window
Looked ... - Yes, it's a cat!
You will be lost here in the fire.
Get into my pocket!
Flames rage wide...
Scattered with tongues
Licks nearby houses.
Kuzma fights back.
Looking for a way through the flames
Calls the younger ones for help
And hurries to his call
Three tall fellows.
They destroy the beams with axes,
Fires are extinguished from hoses.
Thick black cloud
Smoke follows them.
The flame huddles and gets angry
Runs away like a fox.
A jet from afar
Chases the beast from the attic.
Here the logs have turned black ...
Evil fire hisses from the crack:
- Spare me, Kuzma,
I will not burn houses!
"Shut up, treacherous fire!"
The fireman tells him.
- I'll show you Kuzma!
I'll put you in jail!
Stay in the oven
In an old lamp and on a candle!
On the panel in front of the house -
Table and chairs and bed...
Going to friends
Lena spend the night with her mother.
The girl is crying sobbing,
And Kuzma says to her:
- Do not flood the fire with tears,
We put out fires with water.
You will live and live.
Only chur - do not set fire!
Here's a cat for you.
Dry it up a bit!
It is done. Hang up.
And again on the bridge
Cars rushed
They trumpeted, they called
There is a ladder, a pump.
Dust curls from under the wheels.
Here is Kuzma in a crumpled helmet.
His head is bandaged.
Forehead in blood, black eye, -
It's not the first time for him.
He worked hard -
Handled the fire well!
Analysis of the poem "Fire" by Marshak
Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak - Soviet poet, screenwriter, playwright, literary critic, translator, master of children's poetry. The poem "Fire" was written in 1923 of the last century for preschoolers. The works of Marshak were adored by the kids of that time, and the kids love them in our modern days.
theme, idea, main idea
The poem is about 100 years old, but its theme is still relevant today.
The theme is to familiarize children with the rules of fire safety and the consequences of their violation, acquaintance with the profession of a firefighter.
The idea is to educate children in a conscious and cautious attitude towards fire; develop the ability to distinguish toys from things that are dangerous to play with (matches); listen to the elders (the warnings of Lena's mother).
The main idea is to show the dangerous element of fire; tell about the dangerous and noble profession of a firefighter, who is ready to sacrifice his health and life to save people and animals.
Vocabulary
Marshak's writing style is simple, close to colloquial speech. He uses everyday everyday vocabulary so that children can understand what is said to them.
After all, the main goal of Marshak's work was to educate the future generation through literature. The poem "Fire" is a confirmation of this.
Composition
The composition is clear and sustained, the poem can be divided into 3 parts, each of which is self-sufficient and complete:
- Introduction. Acquaintance with the sentinel-fireman Kuzma, who observed "whether the smoke is visible."
- Main part. In it, the author uses the method of personification - the fire is described as a living being. He finally broke out and: "Ran over the chairs with a bang", "crawled up the curtains", "burned the floor in front of the stove."
- Climax. Instant reaction and heroic struggle of firefighters with the elements.
Dynamics
The events in the play are developing dynamically, very quickly and tensely, and the children like the movement: “a little cunning light escaped”, and already “the flame raged menacingly”, “firefighters rush in a red car”.
Marshak uses many verbs; the main semantic load of the play falls on them. They set the dynamics, the development of events: “Lena opened the door”, “clouded the walls with smoke”, “licks the floor and ceiling”.
Main character
Through the image of the main character - Kuzma, Marshak emphasizes the dignity of a person:
- courage;
- self-sacrifice;
- modesty: Kuzma is not proud of his feat, for him the main thing is that "he did not work in vain."
Humor is also present in the story - this is a description of Kuzma after the fire was extinguished. And children love and appreciate humor very much.
Marshak's play "Fire" does not age. She is a classic of children's literature, kind, unpretentious and wise.
Made and sent by Anatoly Kaydalov._____________________
On the market square
At the fire station
All day long
There is a soldier at the booth.
Looks around -
On North,
South,
To the west,
To the East, -
Do you see smoke?
Mother went to the market
Daughter Lena said:
Don't touch the stove, Lenochka.
It burns, Lenochka, fire!
Only mother came down from the porch,
Lena sat down in front of the stove,
Looks into the red crack
And the fire sings - buzzes:
There isn't much room in the oven,
There was nowhere to roam!
Mom, Lenochka, do not believe.
Open the door a little!
Lena opened the door.
The fire jumped from the log,
Burned the floor in front of the stove
Climb up the tablecloth on the table,
Ran over the chairs with a bang,
Crawled up the curtains
The walls were covered in smoke
Licks the floor and ceiling.
Poor Lena became scared.
Lena ran out into the hallway,
The door closed behind you
And the fire roars: Open!
He blew smoke through the crack in the door,
He stuck his hand into the hole.
Lena rushed into the yard,
From the yard - through the fence ...
And the fire is getting higher and higher.
The cat rushes about on the roof.
From neighboring gates
People run out
Who is with a jug, who is with a bucket -
Pour a burning house.
Fire! Fire!
From the window to the pavement
A featherbed falls into a puddle,
Armchair, stove and picture,
Gramophone and samovar...
Guard! Fire! Fire!
On the market square
On the fire tower -
Ding dong, ding dong
There is a loud ringing.
The work starts
The gates open
convoy is gathering,
They pull a ladder, a pump.
From the gate without a wire
Barrels come out with a crash.
Here is the first horse
Jumped over the pavement.
And behind him a squad of firefighters
In radiant copper helmets
Flew through the market
On the way to the fire...
And the fire is getting higher, higher
Coming out from under the roof
Looks around,
Waving red sleeve.
Whose took! shouting to the people
Beat glass! Pour water!
I'll run across the rooftops
I'll set fire to the whole city!
But it's close on the road
Drogs rush in a string.
Jumping ahead
Out of breath trumpeter.
In front of the house in clouds of dust
The horses were stopped.
Sleeve turned up
Clamping his copper mouth.
The elastic sleeve hissed,
All shook from the strain
And when the faucet was turned on
The fountain went up high.
Hey, brigade, don't yawn!
Download, download!
Evil fire roars and blazes,
He threw two firefighters off the roof
And the axeman Kuzma
I wanted to suffocate in smoke.
But Kuzma is an old firefighter,
Fighting fires for twenty years
Saved forty souls from death
Fell off the roof ten times.
He's not afraid of anything
He beats the fire with his mitten,
Boldly climbs the wall.
The helmet glows on fire.
Suddenly on the roof from under the beam
Someone's cry was heard pitiful,
And across the fire
Kuzma climbed into the attic.
He stuck his head out the window.
I looked ... Yes, it's a cat!
You will be lost here in the fire.
Get into my pocket!
Flames rage wide.
Scattered with tongues
Licks nearby houses...
Kuzma fights back.
Looking for a way in n name,
Calls the younger ones for help.
And rush to his call
Ten brave fellows.
They destroy the beams with axes,
Fires are extinguished from hoses.
Thick black cloud
Smoke follows them...
The flame rushes about and gets angry,
Running away like a fox.
A fire gut
Chases the beast from the attic.
Here the logs have turned black ...
Evil fire hisses from the crack:
Spare me, Kuzma,
I will not burn houses!
Shut up, insidious fire! -
The fireman tells him:
You will remember Kuzma!
I will put you in jail.
You will live only in the oven,
Only in a lamp and on a candle!
Here is the fire for the last time
Angry - and went out.
On the panel at the gate
The people are waiting for saviors.
Just saw Kuzma,
With a cry they rushed to him -
They hug, they ask for a visit,
They bring him pies.
Ah, Kuzma, you are our Kuzma,
Saved us today at home!
Dear firefighter,
We are forever grateful!
On the bench at the gate
Lena sheds bitter tears.
Poor Lena's house burned down -
Ceilings, floors and walls,
Cat, doll and bed.
There will be nowhere to sleep at night.
And in addition to her for the prank
Got it from parents.
The girl is crying sobbing.
And Kuzma says to her:
Crying, young lady, is not worth it,
A new house will be built for you.
Your cat has been saved.
Admire - here it is!
Lena tightly squeezed the cat
And calmed down a bit.
From the gate on the pavement
The rider departs.
And behind him a squad of firefighters
In radiant copper helmets
Drives slowly back.
Barrels, jumping, rattle.
Here is Kuzma sitting on the droges.
He's got burnt face
Bloody forehead, black eye.
It's not the first time for him!
He worked hard -
Handled the fire well!
BINDING WORKS AND REPAIR OF THE BOOK.
Tissue paper - thin, transparent, used for repairing the pages of a book by text. The thickness of tissue paper is 26 microns, and 1 m2 weighs 16 g.
Bookend paper is thick, it is used to make endpapers for bookleting. To connect the book block with the binding cover, endpaper and gauze are used. The strength, and therefore the durability of a book, especially of a large volume, is largely due to the mechanical properties of endpaper. Therefore, the deformation of endpaper paper when moistened should be minimal. Curl of endpaper usually occurs due to the fact that the structure of the front and grid sides of it is different. In order to prevent the possibility of deformation and twisting, endpaper is glued in bulk (during its production).
Endpaper can be white or colored, dyed in the mass and from the surface, with a patterned pattern or embossing. -For the most part, one or another colored background, decorative or plot image is printed on endpaper.
Endpaper can have different weights: 80, 100, 120, 140 g/m2 At present, endpaper is produced from 100% bleached sulfite pulp.
Paper for endpapers and covers can be made by one's own means. To do this, oil paint is diluted with turpentine or kerosene to a liquid state. Distilled water is poured into a cuvette or vessel in the form of a baking sheet. The paint is sprayed onto the surface of the water with a small brush. The difference in the specific gravity of water, oil, kerosene (turpentine) allows the paint to adhere to the surface of the water and spread randomly over it, forming a pattern similar to marble.
Moru. Then the paper is dipped into the water and the drawing is transferred to it. To remove a drawing from the water surface should be by "rolling" the paper, taking it by the edges. After drying the paper, the ink is firmly held on it without smearing.
Endpaper and cover paper can also be made by coloring. To do this, watercolor or gouache paint is diluted in glutinous water, using starch paste as an adhesive. Low concentration. Then a layer of diluted paint is applied to the paper with a brush and any patterns are made on it, using combs with rare teeth, brushes or a sponge.
Cover paper is durable, moisture-resistant, does not curl when glue is applied to it, and is characterized by high sizing. It is used for pasting the sides of book composite or solid paper bindings and for the manufacture of book and magazine covers. This paper is dyed in various colors.
Backlog paper is applied as follows. In the manufacture of binding covers between the cardboard sides of the binding, depending on the volume of the book (thickness of the book block), a free space is left, which is called spacing. A paper or cardboard strip, which is called a lagging, is glued onto the spacing exactly in its middle. The lagging is an important element of the binding cover. It is impossible to obtain a high quality embossing on the spine of the binding without lagging behind. In addition, the backlog makes the spine stable when reading a book. The lag paper must be strong and resilient. With an increase in the volume of the book, the backlog density should increase. The thickness of the backlog should be uniform, its surface should be uniform, machine-smooth.
Paper for pasting the spine of book blocks is thin, unglued, made of 100% bleached sulfite pulp without filler, 1 m2 of such paper weighs 70 g.
“That way she will soon begin to sniff tobacco, if she doesn’t sniff already,” thought Scarlett in horror. - Great God! What a fall!
Margaret Mitchell "Gone with the Wind"
Mother went to the market
Daughter Lena said:
- Don't touch the stove, Lenochka.
It burns, Lenochka, fire!
Only mother came down from the porch,
Lena sat down in front of the stove,
Looks into the red crack
And the fire burns in the oven.
Opened the stove Lena -
The fire jumped from the log,
Burned the floor in front of the stove
Climb up the tablecloth onto the table...
On the panel near the house -
Table and chairs and bed...
Going to friends
Mom and Lena spend the night ...
S.Ya. Marshak "Fire"
Fires ... Tragedies that occur not in a certain area and in a single family, but all over the world. The cases are different: unattended sources of combustion, faulty wiring, or, as in this poem, children left alone with the fire. But the most common is smoking in bed (not necessarily in a drunken state) and an unextinguished cigarette, which, from the snap of fingers, has fallen into that favorable place where there are all conditions for a flame to ignite from its spark.
How many buildings and living souls perish in the hot embrace of the "red rooster"! As a rule, the latter becomes the cause of the fire element ... In this material I will not tell the “horror stories from the fire”, but I will dwell on smoking in more detail.
Which of us, climbing the stairs to our floor, did not resent the tobacco smoke on the flights? In response to your remark, you can hear: “I’m not in a puff,” if there is a poster “No smoking!”: “Under the sign you can!” or: "But I'm not myself!". Meanwhile, each of these mild wits is obliged to know and to convey to others that it is necessary to study the law, which contains the truths indicating in what places it is forbidden to smoke and arrange smoking rooms.
In the old days there was an entertaining game "Smoking Room". Its meaning was that the participants passed each other a burning splinter, and whoever in their hands it went out, he expiated the guilt with a song or dance. During the transmission they sang:
"Once upon a time there was a Smoking Room,
There lived a smoking-room,
Don't die.
Like our smoking room
thin legs,
The soul is short.
Don't die, Kurilka,
Don't die, Kurilka.
me pretty
Don't make them jump."
Read the text carefully - after all, even the ancestors made it clear that it is necessary to get rid of the addiction, which is sometimes disgusting to close people, and they will not hide the joy of separation from you - everyone wants to be respected.
When Italy banned smoking in public places, after five months, doctors noted that the admission of patients with a heart attack to hospitals decreased by 11%. Of this number, only 0.7% are tobacco users. The rest of the percentage was made up of non-smokers who involuntarily became passive smokers and breathed someone else's exhaled smoke ... Such is the smoky story ...
We talk a lot about the dangers of smoking, voicing the terrible dogma that one drop of nicotine kills a horse. The era of non-smoking does not come from this. It is better to write on packs of cigarettes instead of an instructive warning from the Ministry of Health: “Poison yourself!” This may work better than a frightening lecture, and the effect, it is possible, will be exactly the opposite.
"VSV", June 2010
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