The Serednikovo estate (formerly Srednikovo) is located in the Solnechnogorsk district of the Moscow region, next to the Mtsyri sanatorium settlement, and is directly connected with the name of the Russian writer Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov.
The history of the estate begins in 1775, when Senator Vsevolod Alekseevich Vsevolozhsky decided to build a ceremonial house with wings in the village of Serednikovo. Almost the entire architectural complex of the estate appeared under him. After the death of Vsevolozhsky, his nephew took possession of the estate, then his brother, then Colonel Afanasy Nesterov, Count Grigory Saltykov. Finally, in 1825 it was bought by Dmitry Alekseevich Stolypin, brother of Elizaveta Arsenyeva, Lermontov's grandmother.
For several years, the grandmother has brought her grandson to Serednikovo, where his writing talent is revealed. Since 1869 the estate has been owned by the Firsanov family. In 1918 it was nationalized, in 1925 a sanatorium for nervous patients was opened, in 1946 - the anti-tuberculosis sanatorium "Mtsyri".
Serednikovo estate on google-panorama
Since the second half of the XX century, the estate fell into disrepair. In 1993, the National Lermontov Center in Serednikovo was formed, and by the beginning of the 2000s, restoration work was completed.
The manor complex of the 18th-19th centuries, made in the classicist style, includes a main house with a belvedere, four two-storey outbuildings, a cattle and horse yard, a carriage shed, and an arena. Since the buildings have been rebuilt several times, the inside of the Serednikovo estate looks different, the interiors have been partially restored. The complex also includes the Church of St. Alexis of the 17th century, a greenhouse and the Piligrim Porto cinema town with decorations from 18th century England.
The estate hosts various activities for visitors of all ages.
- Quest "Escape from the bunker"... An extremely popular quest in the Serednikovo estate - 20 rooms with different interiors, from 3 to 8 hours of continuous action, up to 300 participants playing at the same time. ...
- Leisure. You can play paintball, airsoft and laser tag, take a panoramic helicopter flight, rent a place for a barbecue.
- Excursions... Sightseeing tours are conducted around the Serednikovo Manor House (schedule). Individual visitors do not need to make an appointment, while groups of 15 or more require a reservation (different topics). The duration of the excursion is 1 hour.
- Festivals... A costume ball Midsummer Night’s Dream and a summer ball-promenade "Lermontov Vacations" are held on the territory of the estate.
- Hosting an event. Traditional services are also offered - a wedding in the Serednikovo estate, corporate and special events of any format and theme, a graduation party or the last bell, festive programs for primary and secondary school students.
Opening hours and ticket prices
The Serednikovo estate is open every day without days off from 9.00 to 22.00.
The cost of an entrance ticket to visit the historical architectural complex and the landscape park of the estate:
- adults - 100 rubles;
- pensioners - 50 rubles;
- children under 14 years old and disabled people - free of charge.
Visiting the Main House is possible only as part of an excursion group. The ticket for the excursion is paid separately directly in the Main House:
- full ticket - 300 rubles;
- concessionary ticket (pupils, students, pensioners) - 250 rubles.
How to get to the Serednikovo estate
You can reach the Serednikovo estate on your own by public transport or by car.
From Moscow, you can first get to the Firsanovskaya railway station (trains leave from the Leningradsky railway station, the approximate travel time is 45 minutes), where you need to change to bus number 40, next to the Mtsyri sanatorium, this is the terminal station. The bus runs from 05:30 to 22:00, with a day break. The bus schedule can be specified. The total travel time is just over an hour.
If you get to the Serednikovo estate from Zelenograd, then in addition to the train, you can get to the Firsanovskaya station by bus number 7.
When driving from Moscow by car, you need to go along the Leningradskoye Highway, then turn off at the settlement "Chornaya Dirt" in the direction of Firsanovka.
Exact coordinates of the estate:
Latitude: 55g. 55'45.03 "N (55.929175)
Longitude: 37 deg. 14'28.38 "E (37.241217
To order a car from Zelenograd, you can use the mobile applications of local taxi services: for example, Taxi Bamboo, Voyage or Taxi24. There are Gett and Yandex applications in Moscow. Taxi.
Video about the Serednikovo estate:
The collection of statistical information about the village of Serednikovo for 1890 provides information about the St. Nicholas Church. They say that in March 1798, the Ryazan Reverend Simon allowed the owner of the village, Grigory Petrovich Obolonsky, to build the Nikolskaya Church, in the same year it was erected.
In 1822 it burned down, and in 1836 it was renewed according to the plan of the architect Boldsman. In 1849 a bell tower was added to it. In 1882 the church was rebuilt with the addition of chapels - Spassky and in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow". By 1836, the church was dilapidated, and according to the project of the architect Waldemann, a new wooden St. Nicholas Church was built, and in 1849 the bell tower was renewed.
“In March 1798, the collegiate councilor Grigory Petrovich Obolonsky asked the Right Reverend Simon of Ryazan for permission to build a wooden St. Nicholas Church in the village of Serednikovo, which was allowed on March 19 of the same year, from that date the temple-created charter No 852 was issued. .the present church was renewed in its outer form according to the plan of the architect Boldemann, and in 1837 its interior was restored to a decent form, in 1849 the bell tower was renewed. The stone church of St. Nicholas that now exists in Serednikovo with side-chapels on the right side - the Savior healing the paralytic, on the left side - in the name of the Mother of God of all who grieve Joy, was built in 1882.The Sorrows side-chapel was equipped on November 8, 1882, the real one and the side-altar on the right side - in 1885 on November 24. "
Until 1798, the peasants of the village of Serednikovo belonged to the parish of the Nikolskaya Church in the village of Kolushka, whose name has disappeared since the 18th century ... "
The village of Ostrov was located at the crossroads of large roads from Moscow to Vladimir, Murom and Kasimov and stood in the very middle between them, and from this it received a new name Serednikovo, and with the construction of a church in the name of St. Nicholas, another name was added Nikolskoye.
Construction of a stone temple.
In 1882, after the villainous murder of Alexander II, the parishioners of all the surrounding villages responded to this villainous regicide by building a stone church, and the community of Old Believers erected a wooden chapel for this occasion.
The stone St. Nicholas Church had chapels of the same name as the church in the village of Zhabki (Kolushka). On the right side - the Healing Savior of the weakened, on the left - in the name of the Mother of God of all who grieve joy.
In 1861, a school was founded, a junior class at the church and two senior at the volost government.
Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker - St. Nicholas Church.
“With the adoption of Christianity and the establishment of Orthodox customs, Veles was replaced by the epic peasant hero Mikula Selyaninovich, who passed the baton to the Greek saint - Great Martyr Nikolai Mirlikiy, as the patron saint of the Russian land and peasant labor, with him associated with the celebration of the name day of the Earth, which took place throughout Russia.
This holiday, according to the canons of the Orthodox Church, was celebrated twice a year, on the second day of St.
On the eve of the holiday, an all-night service was held, as elsewhere, in all 40 churches of the Shatura archipelago with the cheerful ringing of bells, the roar of which announced the space from the Oka to the Klyazma.
The peasants with all their families went to the parish churches, lit a candle to the icon of St. Nicholas with prayer and bows, and sang with the church choir a spiritual verse in honor of Nicholas, and asked the miracle worker to help Mother Earth grow a rich harvest, and they thanked the winter Nicholas for the fruits given, grown and harvested in their native land, not in overseas countries. After the all-night vigil, young boys and girls went out into nature to the river, to the nightingale groves and to the shore, danced in round dances, and to the music of ringing gusli, shepherd's horns, self-humming, sapels and tambourines, they sang songs, ditties and danced ... the spiritual community was truly celebrated for the joy of the heart, for the glory of the native land, in reverence for the miraculous power of St. Nicholas and the Orthodox faith ...
... In recent years, we somehow imperceptibly and seemingly without regret have forgotten our ancient customs bequeathed to us by our ancestors, replaced them with the foul-smelling values of the spiritless world that corrupts the human personality. Our native land did not become a symbol of the worship of our souls, they stopped loving nature and barbarously torment and poison it.
But is there any hope that the younger generation will be able to renounce immorality, realize its own hypostatic divine essence given to it by the Heavenly Creator, will take care of nature and the holiday of the name of the native Earth will be revived? I believe in my people and in the new generation. And it will be as the ancestors bequeathed. "
The hopes were justified. Parish churches are being revived again, and parishioners go to church both in joy and in sorrow. And there are many young people and children among them.
The clergy of the Nikolskaya Church.
“The diocesan summary mentions priests: Vasily Gavrilov died in 1784, was from the church of the village of Zhabki, John Vasiliev - 1784-1799, Pavel Dmitriev - 1799-1833, Grigory Zakhariev Gusev - 1833-1860. g., Pavel Grigoriev Gusev - since 1860 " In 1885, His Eminence Theoktist, Archbishop of Ryazan and Zaraisk, while surveying the churches of his Diocese in the Yegoryevsky district, visited Nikolskaya Church in the village of Serednikovo on June 3. When examining the church and documents, it turned out that everything is in order. "
We found very little data on the first half of the 20th century. Since about 1906 Smirnov Mikhail Nikolaevich was a priest, his wife Smirnova Lidia Vasilievna was a primary school teacher. This information was given to us by Galina Mikhailovna Bogomolova, who for many years worked as a teacher of the Russian language and literature at our school. Smirnov Mikhail Nikolaevich was her grandfather, he died in 1921-22 from an illness. Galina Mikhailovna also said that the last priest was Pavel Gusev. His house was next to the church, and after the death of his father and the closure of the church of his daughter, Klavdia Pavlovna and Anna Pavlovna held services in their house in secret.
Closing of the temple.
The policy of the state was changing. Soon after the revolution, the church was widely rejected by the authorities.
In 1930, in the village of Serednikovo, the collective farm "Leninsky Put" was organized
In 1937 the temple was closed and used as a fire tower, then as a garage. Bogomolova Galina Mikhailovna said that during the war in 1941, when she was 9 years old, the cross was removed from the bell tower. This was done by a young guy of 16-17 years old named Alexey. Many people gathered around the temple, most of them were crying.
After the war, fertilizers were placed in the church for sowing, they ate all the painting inside. The temple fell into decay and gradually began to collapse.
Restoration of the Nikolsky Church.
Chapel construction.
In 1998, an Orthodox parish was registered. At the same time, a wooden chapel was built near the cemetery in honor of the Joy of All Who Sorrow icon. Lacking the means to restore the temple, the parishioners added an altar section to the chapel building and performed Divine Liturgy and other services there.
Restoration of the Nikolsky Church.
Several times the temple was examined by experts and claimed that it could not be restored. But a miracle happened - the temple began to be restored.
In 1998, the temple was transferred to the community of the Russian Orthodox Church and resumed its activities. The restoration of the temple building began in May 2005.
From the story of the Priest Elijah:
“… In April 2005, a service began in the church. Victor Nikolaevich Kuritsin, a former traffic police officer, parishioner, friend, assistant in all matters and undertakings. Together with him, they collected 20 thousand rubles and made a porch with their own hands. It took 150 thousand, parishioners and businessmen helped. A moleben was served in May, and in December the first service for St. Nicholas was held.
In 2006, Nikolai Nikolayevich Ustinov, a Muscovite, a parishioner, a bank manager, climbed onto the roof and began to clear it of birches, then they all continued to clean the roofs together with their own hands. In the spring, the twin brothers Aslapovsky Vladimir and Dmitry promised to make a roof. In the winter of 2006, a roof was made for roofing felt. Serhiy Slobodyannik, director of Bosch car service, helped. Galina Ivanovna from the village of Samoilikha introduced me to Pyotr Maksimovich, who is engaged in the construction of highways. His brother Maksim Maksimovich is still helping. In 2007, they assisted in the installation of the central dome.
In 2006, after the roof, the windows were taken over. Alexey Artyukhin from Roshali helped. Slobodyannik Sergei Mikhailovich gave a lot of money for the floors and for the roof. For a year and a half we were engaged in flooring. We took out the accumulated garbage for two months.
In 2008, Moscow entrepreneur Konstantin Bugreev with his wife Elena and daughter Christina provided financial assistance, thanks to which the collaboration began to restore the inner walls of the church and the outer facade.
In the church, fragments of bricks fell from the walls. Before the start of the work, a prayer service was held, and for all the time not a single brick hit anyone. They fell nearby, but did not hit people.
When we were on a pilgrimage trip to the city of Ryazan, we climbed the bell tower, I thought: "It would be nice for us to have such a staircase." It took about 15-20 minutes, Tatyana called (the last name was not specified), offered money to restore the stairs to the bell tower. Miracle!
Donations helped Anatoly Vlasov. In 2010, Konstantin Bugreev and his family got involved and made a bell tower.
All together: Konstantin Bugreev, Anatoly Vlasov, Maxim Maksimovich and his brother Peter Maksimovich, assisted in the installation of four domes.
I would like to note Alexander Ivanovich Gruzdev, he rendered great assistance in garbage removal.
Vlasov Viktor Ivanovich helped with household needs.
Thanks to the financial support of the Bugreev family, restoration and restoration work continues to this day. Making iconastases, kivots, as well as writing icons.
Passing by, donating for the restoration of the temple, provides enormous support.
And, of course, beautification, cleaning, maintenance of order is carried out by the efforts of local residents, parishioners of our church. "
There is a Sunday school for children at the church.
In 1623 the village of Serednikovo on the Goretovka River belonged to the steward, Prince Nikita Ivanovich Egunov-Cherkassky (in 1632-1634 the governor in Tomsk). In the village there was one courtyard of the landowner, in which the courtyard people lived.
In 1639, the son, Prince Mikhail Nikitich Egunov-Cherkassky, already owned it, and in 1666 - the steward of tsars John and Peter, Prince Ivan Mikhailovich Egunov-Cherkassky (sharing with his stepmother, Princess Praskovya Fedorovna).
After 1678 he settled peasants in Serednikovo and in 1693 received permission to build a stone church with thrones “below - Alexy Metropolitan - warm, above - Image of Spasov not made by hands - cold”.
However, for some reason he built a one-story church in the form in which it currently exists (later side-chapels and a bell tower were added). Since he asked permission for a two-story one, it was listed in the parish books of the Patriarchal Order (1696-1740) as "the Church of the Image of Spasov not Made by Hands", and the name of the village itself was retained for a long time, Serednikovo-Spasskoye, forgotten only from the end of the 1870s. After Ivan Mikhailovich, the village belonged to his son Ivan.
In 1724, the owner applied to the Treasury order for permission to consecrate the church and issue an antimension.
After the death of the prince, the village in 1748 was inherited by his son Timofey Ivanovich Egunov-Cherkassky, sharing with his brother Lev and their mother Praskovya Stepanovna.
In 1767 the estate of Timofei Cherkassky was described for debts to various persons.
In 1770 the village was bought at an auction by Nikita Afanasyev Kamynin, and in 1775 he sold it to Vsevolod Alekseevich Vsevolozhsky (Vsevolodsky, 1732-1796), a senator, privy councilor, a real chamberlain, the owner of two metallurgical plants in the Urals.
In 1775, in the parish with. Serednikovo had 54 courtyards, 300 souls, there was no church land, instead of it, 100 rubles were given from Vsevolzhsky's estate owner, 20 kopecks of hay, there was a priest at the church, but there was no deacon and sexton.
In 1777, with the permission of the Synodal Office, Vsevolozhsky made repairs to the Church of St. Alexy Metropolitan of Moscow, while demolishing the bell tower.
The currently existing bell tower was built in 1865 (the upper tier was destroyed during the Soviet era).
Vsevolozhsky bought Serednikovo and two more villages with their parishes - Podolino and Blagoveshchenskoye, in which churches were abolished under him, parishioners were reckoned to the church with. Serednikovo.
In 1899, during the construction of an oven near the arch separating the main church from the refectory, the remains of coffins were found.
The estate was built at the end of the 18th century. at the expense of V.A. Vsevolozhsky (it is believed that the architect I.E. Staroe took part in its creation). On a high hill, which slopes steeply down to a pond with two artificial islets, a two-story main house rises with a belvedere - a round open turret - and four two-story wings, connected by a covered colonnade. All buildings cover the central courtyard, which is enclosed by a lattice with gates. On the sides of the driveway leading to the gates of the front yard, there are the buildings of the horse and cattle yards.
The horse yard ensemble includes a carriage shed, built in the pseudo-Gothic style, and a round arena building (late 19th century). The park facade of the manor house faces a pond, to which a wide stone staircase descends - the most beautiful and poetic place of Serednikov.
The hill on which the estate stands is overgrown with trees, mainly pine, spruce, and larch. Nearby there is a deep ravine with a system of cascading ponds. Arched bridges with beautiful trellises between the stone pillars of the parapet are thrown across the ravine.
In 1805, Serednikovo belonged to Sergei Alekseevich Vsevolozhsky.
In 1762, he, then a warrant officer of the Izmailovsky regiment, contributed to the accession to the throne of Catherine II, in 1763 he was appointed to the Senate as a secretary, from 1765 a chamberlain, later a full chamberlain and lieutenant general.
In 1771 he married the maid of honor Ekaterina Andreevna Zinovieva, with whom after 10 years of his life he was on the road, moved in a year before his death (d. 1822).
In 1806, the village was owned by Lieutenant Colonel Afanasy Aleksandrovich Nesterov, in 1814 - the court councilor, Count Grigory Alekseevich Saltykov (1776-1829). His wife Ekaterina Aleksandrovna (née Kheraskova) built a chapel in the name of the martyr Paraskeva in the church, adding it to the west. Alekseevskaya church was cold, the chapel was warm.
In 1823 the estate was owned by the court councilor and cavalier Ivan Zakharovich Malyshev, and in 1825 - by Major General Dmitry Alekseevich Stolypin (1785-1826). An artillery officer, he participated in the wars of 1805-1807.
In the Southern Army, he commanded a corps, was familiar with P. Pestel, the Decembrists predicted him to be a member of the Provisional Government. Stolypin died suddenly in Serednikovo at a time when the Decembrist conspirators were being arrested in Moscow.
The village remained with his wife Ekaterina Arkadyevna (nee Annenkova, 1791 - 1853). She was an educated and hospitable hostess and played the piano excellently. Her husband's sister, Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva (1773-1845), with her grandson, Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov (1814-1841), visited here.
He first came to Serednikovo on July 1, 1829 and then visited it several times during his years of study at the Moscow University Noble Boarding School and at Moscow University. He visited here, possibly in 1832. This village is associated with the romantic period of his youth, with his first hobbies and disappointments.
In the summer, many young people gathered in Serednikovo, the Lopukhins, the Bakhmetev sisters, and the Stolypin cousins came here. Nearby, in the village of Fedorovka, lived Alexandra Mikhailovna Vereshchagina (1810-1873, in 1836 she met and soon married the diplomat Baron Hugel and lived in Germany), she is the daughter of the sister of the owner's wife Serednikov, D.A. Stolypin, was a close friend of Lermontov.
In 1831 he dedicated the poem "The Angel of Death" to her. Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Sushkova (1812-1868, married to Khvostov) lived in Bolshakov (next to Fedorovka). The beautiful, ironic Sushkova became the subject of Lermontov's youthful hobby. Associated with her name is a cycle of poems from 1830, dedicated to unrequited love. According to Sushkova's stories, the young ladies treated Michel Lermontov like a boy, although they gave full justice to his mind.
At the beginning of 1831, Lermontov was visiting the estate of the widow of the playwright F. Ivanov, Ekaterina Ivanovna, and was in love with her daughter Natalia. Encouraged at the beginning of his acquaintance with her attention, he soon met coldness and misunderstanding, their relationship that summer ended in a break, which gave a gloomy character to many of the poet's youthful poems, the experiences of this summer had a connection with Lermontov's drama "Strange Man". Having survived a break with N.F. Ivanova, Lermontov in the same 1831 fell passionately in love with "young, sweet, intelligent ... in the full sense of the delightful" Varvara Alexandrovna Lopukhina (1815-1851, married to Bakhmetev).
Lermontov's move to St. Petersburg in 1832 prevented the development of the hobby, and military service and social entertainment temporarily overshadowed the image of his beloved girl. The cruel denouement of Lermontov's novel with Sushkova probably influenced the decision of Varvara Alexandrovna to marry N.F. Bakhmetev, an elderly man. Lopukhina is devoted to many of Lermontov's poems.
Then the owner of Serednikov was the son of Dmitry Alekseevich Stolypin, Arkady Dmitrievich (1821-1899), adjutant general in 1878. At the age of 16, he was assigned to military service in the horse artillery, in 1841 he was promoted to officer and soon retired. During the Hungarian campaign of 1849 he returned to the service. He took part in the Crimean War of 1853-1856, for military distinctions near Sevastopol in 1855 he was granted to the adjutant wing. At the end of hostilities, he was under the Governor-General of Orenburg and Samara.
In 1857-1862. - the order ataman of the Ural Cossack army, promoted to major general with the reckoning of the emperor's retinue. Upon retirement, he lived on his estate. In the manor church, the bells were placed on a separately standing belfry, and in 1865 Arkady Dmitrievich gave the churches the stone sheds and barns that were opposite it, they were dismantled and the existing bell tower was built from the brick extracted in this way.
In 1877, Stolypin received the title of equestrian at the court, and had the rank of privy councilor. Participated in the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878. At the end of hostilities from 1878 to 1879. was the governor-general of Eastern Rumelia and the Adrianople Sanjak.
In 1879-1886. commanded the 9th Army Corps, from 1886 to 1889. - The Grenadier Corps.
Since 1889 - a member of the Alexander Committee for the Wounded.
From 1892 he was in charge of the court department in Moscow. In 1897 he was granted the title of chief chamberlain. For service he was awarded the highest Russian orders, up to and including the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky with diamond insignia. "Tall, slender and thin, always cheerful and sociable", he did not confine himself to one military matter: he composed music, played the violin, was fond of sculpture (participated in the academic exhibition in 1869), was interested in theology, history and literature (wrote "History Russia for the reading of the people and soldiers ”, a number of articles and memoirs). According to his contemporaries, Stolypin was not distinguished by concentration and purposefulness. He was a great cheerleader, a player. Once he won an entire estate, Kolnoberzhe near the town of Kovno, and the Stolypin liked it so much that for many years it became their main place of residence.
During the Crimean War, Stolypin made friends with L.N. Tolstoy, however, gradually moved away. After the death of his first wife, Ustinova, he married Princess Natalya Mikhailovna Gorchakova (1827-1889), daughter of the governor of the Kingdom of Poland, Prince M.D. Gorchakov. From his second marriage, he had sons Mikhail, Alexander (1864-1927) and Peter (1862-1911), a well-known socio-political reformer, minister of the interior and chairman of the Council of Ministers, who was killed by an agent of the secret police. He left memories of his stay in the village. Serednikovo in childhood.
In 1869 the village was bought by Ivan Grigorievich Firsanov. As a boy, he came to Moscow from Serpukhov and at first worked as a messenger in a jewelry store, then became a sales clerk and, having learned to evaluate gold and stones, distinguished himself into his own trading business and became rich. He began to buy up plots of land in Moscow with dilapidated buildings and jewelry, and later, with his brother Peter, organized a trade in houses and timber.
He owned more than 20 houses in Moscow, including the building where the Prague restaurant is now: Petrovsky passage, Sandukovskie baths. The Firsanovka station was named after I.G. Firsanov. He was also a pioneer in the orphan's court; P.G. Firsanov founded an almshouse in Serpukhov.
For large charitable deeds, the brothers were awarded the title of hereditary honorary citizens.
Their nephews Nikolai, Alexey, Mikhail and Sergey Alekseevich continued the business and acquired several tenement houses in Moscow. After the death of Ivan Grigorievich, Serednikovo passed in 1881 to his daughter Vera Ivanovna Firsanova, who completed the construction he began in Moscow of a large house for widows and orphans for 700,000 gold rubles and with the highest approval in 1893 transferred it to the Committee of the Brotherly Society.
Under V.I. Firsanova to the 100th anniversary of the birth of M.Yu. Lermontov, a bust of the poet by the famous sculptor A.S. Golubkina. In the same year, an obelisk in the park was added to it.
Vera Ivanovna was the last owner of the estate.
In 1876, a new iconostasis (oak with a cypress board) and a new altar were installed in the chapel of the Martyr Paraskeva. By the time of their consecration in the same year, a mosaic floor was made to replace the limestone one.
In 1880 the church was expanded due to the increase in the number of parishioners and in the plan began to resemble a cross. The interior decoration was undertaken by V.I. Firsanov, she gave 500 rubles. on the iconostasis for a new chapel in the name of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God - in memory of the abolished in the village. Podolino of the Smolensk Church. It was decided to place the chapel of the Martyr Paraskeva on the left side, Smolensky on the right in the expanded warm church.
The temple was finally completed and consecrated in 1892 by V.I. Firsanova ordered icons for the new iconostasis on a gold chased background. The iconostasis of mahogany itself was made by a peasant s. Podolino V.E. Karasev. On the day of the consecration of the side-altar, Vera Ivanovna presented two small chandeliers, 4 candlesticks for local images, a three-altar candlestick, metal banners, gilded vessels, full priestly and deacon's vestments and vestments on the altar and altar. In gratitude, the parishioners after the proclamation of many years in honor of V.I. During the consecration of the throne, Firsanova was presented with an icon of the Smolensk Mother of God to Vera Ivanovna.
In June 1892, the temple was visited by the chief prosecutor of the Holy Synod (from 1880 to 1905) Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev (1827-1907). He came to visit V.I. Firsanov in her estate and wished to inspect the temple, where he was met by the local clergyman. In 1899, the church head A.I. Yurasov made brass heating, the whole church became warm.
In 1901, on his own initiative, the art workshop of the Pashkov brothers made wall paintings. With private donations in 1901-1905. purchased a shroud, vestments for local icons, a crucifix, a silver girdle, a silver enamel crown for Christ, a crown for the image of the God of hosts and the Holy Spirit on the same cross. The peasant I. Zenin, the owner of a sawmill in Ligachev, donated the image of "Joy of All Who Sorrow" and to it a standing walnut iconostasis and a silver lamp. Service vessels, tabernacle, altar cross were also presented to V.I. Firsanov. In the side-chapel of the Great Martyr Paraskeva, two icons - Christ and the Mother of God - are decorated with vestments. According to legend, the icons were donated by Mrs. Vsevolozhskaya, she also filled the vestments.
The clergy did not have its own houses, but was housed in a stone manor house, which Stolypin donated in 1861, courtyards and other outbuildings were their own.
In 1870, at the request of the church, its land, which was inconvenient for agriculture in the distance, was exchanged for the land of the landowner. In the clerical statements it is written: "The land at this church has a manor, plowed and hay field 33 tithes."
Until 1904, in the Church of Metropolitan Alexy, the holy antimension was old, consecrated in 1782, and only in 1904, due to dilapidation, was replaced with a new one, consecrated in 1903 by Metropolitan Vladimir of Moscow.
Of the peasants with. Serednikovo known Gavriil Zakharovich Pryzhov (1793-1858, born in Serednikovo, died in Moscow), freedman, participated in the Battle of Borodino, in 1815 entered the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor in Moscow as a doorman, in 1817 moved to a vacancy clerk, by the end of his life he received the rank of titular councilor with the right to nobility, in 1856 he was awarded the Order of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir, 4th degree. His son Ivan (1827-1885), a historian and ethnographer, served in the deanery council.
In the years 1848-1850. he studied at Moscow University, from 1860 he began to publish: "Beggars in Holy Russia" (1862), "The history of taverns ..." (1868), "Confession" (wrote about Serednikov).
In 1869 he became a member of the "People's punishment", in the case of the Nechaevites (the murder of student Ivanov, prompting F.M.Dostoevsky to write the novel "Demons"), was sentenced to 12 years in hard labor and eternal settlement in Siberia. In 1885 he died at the Petrovsky plant (now Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky, Chita region).
Since 1919, the Mtsyri sanatorium has been located in Serednikovo.
The temple was not closed, but the upper tier of the bell tower was destroyed.
The artist Konstantin Fedorovich Yuon (1875-1958) lived in the neighboring village of Ligachevo from 1914 to 1958. He married a local peasant woman, Daria Nikiforova, and built a house in the village.
To better navigate, I will give you the plan of the estate again.
And let me remind you that under V.A. Vsevolozhskoe in Srednikovo had a large profitable farm: a stud farm, a cattle yard, a garden, greenhouses, greenhouses, cabinetmakers, linen and tin factories.
Let's examine the outbuildings to the west of the central axis of the estate. Unfortunately, I did not manage to find out the purpose of all buildings.
Greenhouses, on the other hand, can be easily identified by their characteristic large windows.
We will move along a small alley to the eastern part of the utility yard.
On this side are the stockyard and stables.
The arena of the correct, symmetrical shape deserves special attention.
Below, with a wide belt, there is a solid red brick foundation on which 14 columns rise. Spans of columns made of wood. Each has two windows. Above - a vault made of hewn logs, assembled without a single nail. The upper windows of the vault concentrate the rays of light in the center of the arena. Above the gate, a triangular arch rises on wide brick columns. The arena area is 350 square meters.
True, on these winter days, the staircase turned into a slide, along which both adults and children would like to ride, and the pond - into a white field. Regarding the stairs and the larch trees bordering it, like a natural colonnade, there is some contradictory information on the site of the estate: in one place it is said that they belong to the time of the possession of the estate by V.A. Vsevolozhsky, in another - that were created under the last owner of the estate, V.I.Firsanova.
To the west of the stairs is a ravine, across which three bridges are thrown.
The Lower Love Bridge is located in the immediate vicinity of the pond.
The next middle one is the Red Bridge.
The largest and most beautiful is the white-stone three-arched bridge, also called the Devil's Bridge.
The balconies that adorn it, the four columns at the entrances and the beautiful lattice, unfortunately, are almost completely lost.
From the estate park on the way we went to the Church of Alexy, Metropolitan of Moscow.
The construction of a stone church in Serednikovo begins under the Egupov-Cherkassky princes. So in 1693, Prince Ivan Mikhailovich
Cherkassky receives permission to build a stone church in the village of Serednikovo. The Parish Book of the Patriarch's Treasury Order for 1694 says: “... in the past 1693, on May 18, by the order of the All-Father Patriarch and according to the note on the extract of Andrey Dinisov Vladykin, according to the petition of the steward, Prince Ivan, Prince Mikhailov’s son Egunov - Cherkassy, was ordered to In the Moscow district, in Goretovo I will, in his estate, in the village of Serednikovo, to build again a stone church below the Metropolitan Alexy, warm, but on the top of the Image of Spasov not made with hands - a cold one ... "
However, having received permission to build a two-story church, Cherkassky, for some reason, built a one-story church in St. Alexy Metropolitan.
In 1777, the new owner of Serednikov, Vsevolod Alekseevich Vsevolozhsky, asked the Synodal office for permission to repair the stone church, which by that time had become very dilapidated. During the renovation, the bell tower that existed at that time was completely dismantled, and the bells were placed in a specially arranged belfry. In addition to Serednikov, Vsevolozhsky buys the neighboring villages of Podolino and Blagoveshchenskoye, thus, three nearby churches are in his possession. The churches in Podolino and Annunciation were abolished by him, and the neighboring villages were annexed to the parish of the Alekseevskaya church.
The next changes in the church take place in the 1920s. XIX century under Count Grigory Alekseevich Saltykov. A warm chapel in the name of Martyr Paraskeva is attached to the cold church on the west side, thus, the church is somewhat lengthened. In 1865, already under the Stolypins, the current three-tiered bell tower was added to the church.
The Cathedral of the Metropolitan Alexy was spacious in the summer, however, in winter, when the cold church was locked, there was not enough space for a large number of parishioners. During the time of the last owners of the Firsanovs' estate, since the bell tower prevented the warm church from lengthening, it was decided to expand it in diameter, pushing its sides so that the church took the form of a cross. The expansion of the church was carried out in the years 1890-1892. As a result of these works, the second side-chapel was created. And the church became three-altar. The main altar of the temple is Alexy, Metropolitan of Moscow, side chapels: the right one in the name of the icon of Our Lady of Smolensk, the left one - in the name of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa.
The improvement of the church does not end there, the interior decoration continues. In 1899, the whole church was heated by brass, which made the whole church warm. In 1901, the interior of the church was decorated with wall paintings.
After the revolution, the upper tier of the bell tower was demolished and restored only in 2001.
Photos of 1995 (left) and 2010 (right)
The church was never closed; the main iconostasis of the early 1780s and the carved iconostases of the 1890s have been preserved in it.
All parts of the story about the Serednikovo estate:
Part 3. Park, outbuildings and the Church of St. Alexis.
