Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B6)
International non-proprietary name
Pyridoxine
Dosage form
Solution for injection 5% 1 ml
Composition
1 ml of solution contains
active substance- pyridoxine hydrochloride
(in terms of 100% substance) 50.0 mg,
auxiliary substance - water for injections.
Description
Transparent, colorless or slightly colored liquid
Farmakotherapeutic group
Other vitamins in pure form. Pyridoxine
ATX code A11HA02
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacokinetics
When administered parenterally, pyridoxine is transported in a state bound to the albumin and hemoglobin of erythrocytes. Penetrates well into all tissues. It accumulates mainly in the liver, to a lesser extent in the muscles and the central nervous system (CNS). Penetrates through the placenta, excreted in breast milk.
Pyridoxine is metabolized in the liver with the formation of 3 vitamers that can mutually pass into each other: pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine.
Pyridoxal phosphate binds to blood plasma proteins by 90%. The half-life is 25-33 days. It is excreted by the kidneys in the form of inactive pyridoxic acid.
Pharmacodynamics
Pyridoxine hydrochloride belongs to the group of water-soluble vitamins (vitamin B6). Replenishes vitamin B6 deficiency, has a regulatory effect on the metabolism of amino acids and neurotransmitters.
Vitamin B6 is essential for the normal functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system.
Pyridoxine is a coenzyme of transaminases and decarboxylases, which provide the exchange of amino acids and the synthesis of neurotransmitters.
In muscles (including the myocardium), pyridoxine activates glycogen breakdown processes and optimizes muscle energy metabolism under hypoxic conditions. Provides the synthesis of niacin (vitamin PP) from tryptophan. Regulates the exchange of glutamic acid, methionine, cysteine.
In the nervous system, pyridoxine is involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters: norepinephrine, dopamine, glycine, GABA, and serotonin. At the same time, it changes the balance of these mediators towards the prevalence of inhibitory mediators - GABA, glycine, and serotonin. Thus, pyridoxine is involved in the regulation of the excitability of the central nervous system (CNS). Pyridoxine activates the antinociceptive system and enhances the effect of analgesics.
Promotes the normalization of lipid metabolism.
Stimulates the synthesis of heme in hemoglobin, increases the synthesis of the iron-binding protein in the bone marrow (siderophilin), regulates the exchange of vitamin B12 and folic acid. By binding to lysine residues on the surface of platelets and fibrinogen, it slows down blood clotting and platelet aggregation, improves blood flow and tissue blood supply.
Pyridoxine modifies the action of steroid hormones: estrogens, androgens, gestagens, glucocorticosteroid hormones, changing the interaction of the hormone-receptor complex with the cell nucleus.
Isolated pyridoxine deficiency is very rare, mainly in children on special artificial nutrition (manifested by diarrhea, convulsions, anemia, peripheral neuropathy may develop).
Indications for use
Hypo-, vitamin B6 deficiency
As part of the complex therapy of toxicosis of pregnant women, toxic
hepatitis, withdrawal symptoms with alcoholism
Hypochromic sideroachristic (sideroblastic) anemia
Pyridoxine-dependent convulsive syndrome in children
Prevention and treatment of neurotoxic effects
anti-tuberculosis drugs
As part of complex therapy in the treatment of diseases of the nervous
systems (Little's disease, small chorea, neuralgia, neuritis)
Meniere's disease, motion sickness and air sickness
Seborrheic and non-seborrheic dermatitis, neurodermatitis, psoriasis,
exudative diathesis
Method of administration and dosage
Pyridoxine is prescribed intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously (if ingestion is not possible, for example, with vomiting and with impaired intestinal absorption).
For adults with hypo- and avitaminosis B6, therapeutic doses are 50-100 mg (1-2 ml of a 5% solution) in 1-2 doses per day. The course of treatment for adults is 1 month.
Children - 20 mg (0.5 ml of 5% solution) per day, the course of treatment is 2 weeks.
With parkinsonism, 100 mg / day (2 ml of 5%) solution is prescribed intramuscularly per day. The course of treatment is 20-25 injections. After 2-3 months, the course of treatment is repeated or, starting with a dose of 50-100 mg / day, the dose is increased daily by 50 mg, bringing it to 300-400 mg / day, in the form of a single injection for 12-15 days.
For the treatment of anemia, 100 mg is prescribed intramuscularly 2 times a week. It is advisable to simultaneously take folic acid, cyanocobalamin, riboflavin.
For the treatment of pyridoxine-dependent convulsive syndrome in adults - intravenous or intramuscularly 30-600 mg; children - 10-100 mg daily.
With depressions of involutional age - intramuscularly, 200 mg / day.
In the treatment of tuberculosis, GINK (isonicotinic acid hydrazide) and its derivatives per 1 g of the administered GINK, it is necessary to prescribe 100 mg of pyridoxine (to prevent dysfunctions of the central nervous system).
Side effects
Dyspepsia, epigastric pain
Paresthesias, numbness, the appearance of a feeling of constriction in the limbs
(symptom of "stocking" and "gloves")
Allergic reactions such as skin rash, itching, hives,
anaphylactic shock
Local reactions at the injection site in the form of irritation, hyperemia,
Decreased lactation (sometimes used as a therapeutic effect)
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to pyridoxine
Severe liver failure
Carefully
- peptic ulcer and 12 duodenal ulcer (due to a possible increase in gastric acidity
Drug interactions
Weakens the neurotoxic effect of isoniazid, hydralazine, cycloserine and D-penicillamine.
Pyridoxine weakens the antiparkinsonian activity of levodopa, accelerating its metabolic processes in the gastrointestinal tract and liver, which prevents the entry of levodopa into the central nervous system.
Promotes the absorption of iron and its deposition in a reduced form.
Enhances the effects of indirect anticoagulants (phenindione, warfarin, neodikumarin) and heparin.
Enhances the analgesic effect of metamizole, acetylsalicylic acid, tramadol and nefopam.
A solution of pyridoxine hydrochloride cannot be injected in the same syringe with vitamins B1 and B12 due to pharmaceutical incompatibility.
special instructions
Care must be taken when prescribing pyridoxine to patients with gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer (due to a possible increase in gastric acidity), ischemic heart disease, since taking the drug can provoke a worsening of the course of these diseases.
In severe liver damage, pyridoxine in large doses can impair its function.
Pregnancy and lactation
Pyridoxine crosses the placenta and is excreted in breast milk.
The drug is prescribed during pregnancy with toxicosis of pregnant women.
When prescribing the drug during lactation, a decrease in lactation is possible.
Application in pediatrics
The drug is used in pediatric practice in the complex treatment of congenital pyridoxine-dependent convulsive syndrome in newborns.
Features of the effect of the drug on the ability to drive vehicles and potentially dangerous mechanisms
Does not affect.
Overdose
Symptoms: overdose occurs with the introduction of pyridoxine in large doses (200-2000 mg / day or more). Characterized by the development of numbness of the hands and feet, the appearance of a feeling of compression in them.
Treatment: symptomatic therapy (administration of small doses of neostigmine or galantamine to improve neuromuscular transmission). There is no specific antidote.
Release form and packaging
1 ml is poured into syringe-filled ampoules of neutral glass with a dot or a break ring.
Each ampoule is glued with a label made of label paper or writing paper.
5 or 10 ampoules are packed in a blister strip of polyvinyl chloride film and aluminum foil.
Contoured cell packages, together with approved instructions for medical use in the state and Russian languages, are placed in cardboard boxes for consumer packaging or corrugated.
Storage conditions
Store in a dark place at a temperature not exceeding 30 ºС.
Keep out of the reach of children!
Storage period
Do not use after the expiration date.
Conditions of dispensing from pharmacies
On prescription
Name and country of the manufacturing organization
Shymkent, st. Rashidova, 81
Name and country of the owner of the marketing authorization
JSC "Khimfarm", Republic of Kazakhstan
The address of the organization that accepts claims from the consumer on the quality of the product (goods) and is responsible for post-registration monitoring of the safety of the medicinal product in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan
JSC "Khimfarm", Republic of Kazakhstan,
Shymkent, st. Rashidova, 81
Phone number 7252 (561342)
Fax number 7252 (561342)
E-mail address [email protected]
Vitamins, as we know, are usually assigned special medicinal properties. For example, vitamin A from "night blindness", vitamin C - "from colds", B1 - "from nerves", B2 - skin ("for beauty"), B3 - "for the brain", B5 - "to continue life", D - "replaces the sun". But vitamin B6 has not yet been assigned an appropriate role, because it has a very wide "scope of work".
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is very important for the body as it improves the absorption of unsaturated fatty acids. Together with calcium, it contributes to the normal functioning of muscles and the heart and their effective relaxation. It has been established that with a lack of vitamin B6, inflammation of the middle ear can occur.
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is involved in many chemical reactions in the body. It can be considered a storehouse of enzymes. In other words, without it, the origin and preservation of life is impossible. It plays an important role in the metabolism of fats and proteins. The more a person uses them, the more vitamin B (as well as vitamin C) is required. Moreover, oxalic acid is the final product in the assimilation of food. But if there is little vitamin B6 in the body, one of the enzymes (transaminase) is blocked, and without it, oxalic acid cannot be converted into soluble compounds. And then oxalic acid combines with calcium and forms oxalates, which are deposited in the form of sand and kidney stones.
An interesting method of treating patients with urolithiasis was described by doctors from Harvard (Journal of Urology, 1974, October): within 5 years, 79% of patients were completely cured. They were prescribed 300 mg of magnesium and 10 mg of pyridoxine (i.e. vitamin B6). Both of these drugs delayed the formation of oxalic acid, and there was no longer any in the urine. Such treatment, according to Harvard doctors, is "convenient, cheap and completely safe", in addition, vitamin B6 can be considered an excellent natural diuretic.
The American professor of Hungarian origin, Albert Szent-Dieri, has the honor of discovering several vitamins at once: ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, biotin and pyridoxine (in 1934). For more than 20 years he studied vitamin B6 and came to the conclusion: its intake should be increased from 2 mg for nursing mothers and 2.5 mg for pregnant women to 20-25 mg (almost 10 times).
An additional "powerful" portion of this substance is necessary for the following categories of people:
Women taking birth control pills or pills and any medications containing estrogen;
Pregnant women, in whose body a huge amount of estrogen is formed, by the end of pregnancy sometimes need vitamin B6 a thousand times more than the norm;
In the last two weeks of the premenstrual cycle, when the body produces the most estrogen;
Anyone who takes medications with steroids such as cortisone
Those who, despite all their efforts, cannot lose weight (the reason may be a lack of vitamin B6);
Adolescents with acne caused by increased activity of the sebaceous glands and difficult to treat. The rash can disappear within 5 to 21 days when using an ointment that contains 10 or even 50 mg of vitamin B6 per 1 g of cream (fat). At first, the itching stops, then peeling occurs and, finally, the redness of the skin disappears.
Lack of vitamin B6.
How to determine the lack of vitamin B6 in the body?
It is not very easy. For example, if you suddenly experience a "hellish pain" in the back of your ankle at night that is so intense that you jump out of bed, you might be presumed to be deficient in vitamin B6 (but it could also be a sign of a lack of vitamin E or magnesium). If there is a slight trembling in your hands, twitching of the eyelids, you sleep badly, you have a bad memory - these are not signs of old age, but only symptoms of a lack of vitamin B6 and magnesium!
The famous American nutritionist A. Davis writes in the book "Be Healthy" that vitamin B6 provides invaluable services in the treatment of diabetes. But the dose must be determined by the doctor. A. Davis believes that vitamin B6 can be taken from 10 to 50 mg per day, adding 500 mg of magnesium to this. Most diseases associated with the pancreas almost always require additional amounts of vitamin B6, and often vitamin E. According to A. Davis, symptoms such as nausea and vomiting in patients after surgery can be caused by a lack of vitamin B6 and quickly disappear with taking 10 mg or more of this vitamin.
It is necessary to remember the words of Linus Pauling: “Doctors ignore the fact that the molecular structure of each of us is different and use general treatment regimens that do not take into account this difference. But even though the norm for vitamin B6 is usually 2 mg per day, many of us need 20 mg or more. "
Daily requirement for vitamin B6:
In the guidelines MR 2.3.1.2432-08 on the norms of physiological needs for energy and nutrients for various groups of the population of the Russian Federation of 12/18/2008 No. the following data are given:
Physiological need for Vitamin B6, mg per day:
The upper permissible level of consumption of Vitamin B6 is set in 25 mg per day
Obesity and Vitamin B6
Obesity is a disease of civilization. People are susceptible to this disease because they move too little, work too little physically - machines do it for them; in addition, often the amount of food received exceeds the needs of the body, the excess "fuel" is deposited in the form of excess fat. You can get rid of excess fat in two ways. The first is to receive energy in the form of food in exactly the amount that the body needs, that is, not eat more than the body is able to assimilate. The second way is to increase your physical activity. This pathway is especially important for health: it prevents the conversion of excess food into fat.
A heart that pumps blood to all organs, tissues and cells of the human body, vessels through which blood flows, capillaries - our small hearts, liver, lungs, kidneys, skin wear out prematurely and weaken if we have to maintain excess adipose tissue or non-working muscles and poorly functioning organs. Therefore, reasonable physical labor is necessary at any age. You need to force yourself to do physical work in order to save the body from obesity. A weight loss diet can only help.
Diet for those wishing to lose weight. In 1977, America was gripped by the fashion for a "miraculous, scientifically designed" weight-loss diet. With a normal balanced diet, rich in fruits, fruits and vegetables, 50 mg of vitamin B6, 1 teaspoon of apple cider vinegar, 1/2 cup of boiled flaxseed (it contains up to 90% lecithin), 1 - 2 tablets of multivitamins with macro- and microelements, 2 - 3 teaspoons of soybean oil on an empty stomach (or with salad vegetables). It is better to add salt to dishes with crystalline salt rich in microelements.
All of these foods cause unnecessary body fat to be burned, as well as fat often found in excess in food. Such a diet "guarantees" a slim figure. What is the secret of such a diet? The main ingredient in this diet is a large amount of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) - significantly more than the recommended 2 mg. True, if we really ate rationally and moved a lot, did physical work, then, firstly, we would not get fat, and secondly, we would have enough vitamin B6 in our diet.
Sources of vitamin B6.
Most of all vitamin B6, as well as other B vitamins, is contained in yeast, liver, sprouted wheat, bran and unrefined grains. There is a lot of it in potatoes (220 - 230 μg / 100 g), molasses, bananas, pork, raw egg yolk, cabbage, carrots and dry beans (550 μg / 100 g). But it is important not only to know and find a rich source of vitamin B6, but also to preserve it.
Frozen vegetables, as well as frozen or canned fruit juices and processed meat products, lose a lot of pyridoxine. White flour and bread baked from it contain only 20% of the amount that is present in unrefined wheat grains. Together with the water in which the rice was cooked, we drain about 93% of the vitamin B6 it contains; the same applies to the liquid obtained by cooking potatoes. When canning, 57 to 77% of this important vitamin is lost.
Bananas can be considered the best source of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) among vegetables and fruits, but this is important for the population of those regions where they grow all year round. In our country, potatoes rich in this vitamin could serve as such a source if they were cooked skillfully, that is, they did not drain the water after boiling or baked in the oven wrapped in foil. In addition, vitamin B6 is found in foods such as walnuts and hazelnuts, peanuts and sunflower seeds. Rich sources of vitamin B6 are: chicken meat, fish; from cereals - buckwheat, bran and flour from unrefined grain. When you bake pies, replace at least 10% of the flour with bran!
Vitamin B6 rich foods, pyridoxine
It's time to learn something interesting about Vitamin B6, or Pyridoxine. Why is Vitamin B6 so important for the body, which is facilitated by the intake of B vitamins. What foods contain vitamin B6 and how much a person needs. Where to buy vitamin B6 and how much does it cost. Methods and recommendations for use.
#vitamin b6 #vitamin b6 #vitamin b
Most recently, I published a review on the complex drug Magne B6, which includes pyridoxine or, more simply, vitamin B6. In the comments, they asked "why B6 and not any other vitamin." Well, apparently it's time to talk about the beneficial properties of pyridoxine ...
First, a little information from official sources:
Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin that enters the human body with various foods. Its active form - pyridoxal phosphate - is involved in more than 100 enzymatic metabolic reactions. It plays an essential role in the formation and development of the nervous system (especially in children) and affects the functioning of the hematopoietic and immune systems.
Vitamin B6 is the general name for three substances that enter the human body with food: pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. Each of them, in the process of metabolism, goes into an active form - pyridoxal phosphate, which takes part in the formation of erythrocytes, activation of immune reactions, the processes of glucose uptake by nerve cells and the synthesis of neurotransmitters, in protein metabolism, as well as in the metabolism of fats, providing a lipotropic and hypocholesterolemic effect.
If we simplify the wording a little, then we can draw several important conclusions:
- Vitamin B6 is a necessary component for influencing the cells of the nervous system (remember Magne B6)
- Vitamin B6 is involved in the breakdown of fats, therefore it is very useful for the liver and for the cardiovascular system (normalization of cholesterol, remember Omakor, which also contains pyridoxine
- Vitamin B6 is capable of inhibiting glycation, which is one of the mechanisms of aging. We will talk about this separately.
Who needs Vitamin B6
Rather, it is obligatory for everyone, but for which diseases it is very important to control the use of Vitamin B6, we will now find out:
- Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease! Therapy is indicated Omega-3 + Magnesium Citrate + Potassium Citrate + required Vitamin B6
- Established anemias. Almost all types.
- Hepatitis (liver disease)
- Diseases of the nervous system (even neuralgia and radiculitis!) Magnesium citrate + Vitamin B6
- Toxicosis during pregnancy.
- Leukopenia.
- Meniere's disease.
- Air and sea sickness.
- Various skin diseases (neurodermatitis, dermatitis, psoriasis, diathesis). This also includes acne.
- If you, despite all your efforts, cannot lose weight (the reason may be a lack of vitamin B6)
- If you are taking any steroid medication
Vitamin B6 deficiency symptoms
I would not be so categorical and would not say that the following conditions arise due to a lack of vitamin B6 and only, but, nevertheless, they can occur against the background of a clearly underestimated level of B6 in the body. Therefore, with similar symptoms, the use of vitamin B6 will not be superfluous, given that it is not so easy to get the daily intake of vitamin from ordinary foods.
- Drowsiness, irritability, lethargy;
- Loss of appetite, nausea;
- Dry skin above the eyebrows, around the eyes, on the neck;
- Cracks and sores in the corners of the mouth;
- Focal hair loss;
- Insomnia;
- Depression;
- Flatulence;
- The appearance of kidney stones;
- Conjunctivitis;
- Stomatitis.
Foods containing Vitami B6
Rather, there are several products that contain a high percentage of Vitamin B6 in their composition.
Plant sources- unrefined grains of all types of cereals and cereals, potatoes, legumes, bananas, nuts, cabbage of all types, soy. Sources of animal origin- liver, meat, dairy products, kidneys, eggs (especially in raw yolk) and fish.
It should be noted here that, unfortunately, the figures reflecting the percentage of vitamin content in products are only figures that often have nothing to do with the real picture, so we do not even give them. In fact, modern supermarket foods are not very rich in vitamins and minerals, thanks to the "advanced methods" of growing, processing and storing the food. Alas.
It is important to remember that vitamin B6, and all vitamins, are partially destroyed during heat treatment. And B vitamins are subject to destruction to an even greater extent. For example, white bread contains 5 times less vitamin B6 than wheat grains.
Therefore, if you need Vitamin B6, then the fastest and reliable the way to "tidy up" its level is a course of drugs with a high content of Vitamin B6, and even better if the drug contains only B6. Usually, such preparations contain a daily dose of vitamin or it is easy to calculate and it is convenient to combine such preparations with other monopreparations, for example, with magnesium citrate.
This is what the Ayherb portal offers us (let me remind you that this is a reliable and proven supplier of the highest quality drugs at prices lower than in regular pharmacies)
- Solgar, Vitamin B6 - 100 25mg Tablets, most take 1 tablet daily. Course for 3 months. Price - 350 rubles
- Solgar, Vitamin B6 (50 mg) - 100 50mg Tablets. Convenient for those who need a larger amount of vitamin, older men, smokers, etc. Price - 410 rubles, the course is designed for 3 months.
Vitamin B6 in food is found in three forms: pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine². In medicine, only pyridoxine (pyridoxine) is used in the form of hydrochloride under the following trade names: Pyridoxine, Pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Pyridoxine bufus.
Manufacturers and packaging designs may vary.
Properties
Vitamin B6 is involved in metabolic processes and is essential for the normal functioning of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Pyridoxine is a part of many coenzymes, is involved in the exchange of tryptophan, methionine, cysteine, glutamic and other amino acids, histamine and in lipid metabolism.
After the introduction of pyridoxine hydrochloride into the body, a transformation process takes place in the liver with the formation of active metabolites. They are distributed throughout muscle tissue, nerve fibers and liver cells. They penetrate from mother to fetus through the placenta and into breast milk. Metabolites are excreted mainly by the kidneys and partly with bile.
Indications
- lack of vitamin B6 (hypovitaminosis);
- anemia;
- parkinsonism;
- chorea;
- toxicosis of pregnant women;
- hepatitis;
- exudative diathesis;
- neurodermatitis;
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to pyridoxine only.
Carefully
- with ulcers and problems with the duodenum;
- with severe liver damage;
- Ischemic heart disease (coronary artery disease).
During pregnancy and lactation
With caution and only as directed by a doctor. For example, with severe toxicosis.
Dosage
Pyridoxine is injected intramuscularly, intravenously or subcutaneously at a dose of 50-150 mg per day. For the prevention of hypovitaminosis, 40 mg of the substance in the form of injections is sufficient per day. With parkinsonism - 100 mg per day. In case of anemia, the dose recommended by the doctor is administered 2 times a week. The therapy continues as directed by the doctor, depending on the severity of the patient's condition.
Adverse Reactions
- allergic reactions;
- rarely - increased secretion of hydrochloric acid in the gastric mucosa.
Overdose
Pyridoxine rarely causes poisoning and other types of overdose.
Drug interactions
- Vitamins B6 and B1, as well as diuretics, enhance each other's action.
- With hormonal contraceptives, the concentration of the vitamin in the blood plasma increases.
- Inhibits the effect of levodopa and reduces the concentration of phenytoin and phenobarbital.
- With penicillin, isonicotine hydrazide, cycloserine, the effectiveness of pyridoxine decreases.
The body's need for vitamin
Vitamin B6 is found in moderate amounts in some plants and animal products. For example, in cereals, some vegetables, meat, fish and its liver, cow's milk, chicken eggs. The daily requirement for vitamin B6 is:
- for adults - 1.1 - 1.5 mg;
- for pregnant and lactating women - from 2 to 2.2 mg;
- for children under 1 year old - 0.3-0.6 mg (source No. 2).
Storage and dispensing from pharmacies
Store the drug in its original packaging, protected from light. The solution must not be frozen and heated. Available from pharmacies by prescription.
