Concrete goods - reinforced concrete slabs. The name speaks for itself: it consists of metal reinforcement and concrete. Concrete, in turn, is composed of cement and water. Entering into a reaction, they form an artificial stone mass of a given shape.
In most cases, reinforced concrete products act as floors - load-bearing horizontal structures that separate the floors of a building. The use of reinforced concrete in construction opened up new opportunities in construction: houses began to grow upward.
There are three types of reinforced concrete products:
1) Flat monolithic - do not have voids, they are most often used in the construction of highways, runways at airfields.
2) Flat hollow - have cavities inside, durable, used in the construction of multi-storey residential buildings.
3) Ribbed - withstand colossal loads, are used in industrial construction.
For the construction of private low-rise buildings, lightweight reinforced concrete floors with a large number of voids are used.
Modern commercial and industrial construction is impossible without the use of reinforced concrete structures. The norms for the production of concrete products are prescribed in GOST 26434-85 and GOST 9561-91. Reinforced concrete slabs differ in composition, reinforcement system, production technology. Reinforced concrete products manufactured in factory workshops have standard parameters, which is why they are used in standard construction in 90% of cases.
Reinforced concrete floors withstand:
- own weight (measured in tons),
- severity of genital structures,
- weight of household items,
- load from the walls.
Concrete products work in bending. Due to the deflection, a compression zone and a tension zone are formed in the slab. To increase the wear resistance, prestressed concrete products are produced. This type of plate is made in two ways. In the first, stress is used on the stops, in the second, on concrete. The reinforcement in such a plate is in a partially compressed state. When a lot of stress is applied to the support, it stretches and comes to a neutral state.
Manufacturing technology
The production of reinforced concrete products of any type goes through the following stages:
- blanking of fittings,
- preparation of formwork,
- reinforcement,
- concreting,
- care.
A reinforcement structure is placed in the formwork of a standard size. In the manufacture of stressed concrete, metal rods are stretched using jacks or under the influence of an electric current and fixed in this form. Concrete is poured into the formwork. The resulting structure is sent to the oven for 8-12 hours. Future plates are baked at a temperature of about 90 o. After, the fixed fittings are released. The future overlap shrinks in size and becomes even stronger.
Support plate(slab op) - as a rule, an invisible element of the supporting structures of buildings, structures, communications. However, despite the fact that it is hidden from view, its role in the strength of the entire structure is great. The base plate has several varieties. The most popular in the construction industry: base plate uop 6 (the letter "y" means - reinforced base plate op), base plate op 1k and base plate op 1d. Each plate, including the supporting anchor plate, differs from each other in design features.
Base plate UOP 6- reinforced concrete product in the form of a truncated cone or pyramid with a hole in the center. This slab serves for the construction of communication reinforced concrete wells. The base plate uop 6 protects the entrance to the well in all directions. For this reason, the base plate uop 6 is highly durable. It is 1.7 m in diameter and weighs up to 800 kg. It is clear that such a slab is capable of withstanding tens of tons of loads. The base plate uop 6 is equipped with a shell and has
waterproofing impregnation.
Base plate op 1k and base plate op 1d have a slightly different configuration. The base plate 1k also serves to strengthen the wells, but in places where the load on the roadway is not so intense. The same role is played by the base plate 1d, Depending on the specific operating conditions, one or another is selected support plate op.
Finally, support anchor plate has additional metal inserts for fastening with anchor bolts. Thus, it is almost firmly fixed in place of its location. This plate cannot be moved by any large-sized vehicle, or by ground movements during heavy rains, etc. In other words, the support anchor plate is in demand wherever maximum reliability is required from the concrete base of a well or foundation.
Considering the scope of application, any base plate must meet high performance characteristics. This type of slab is made from heavy grades of concrete, with strict adherence to GOSTs and mandatory quality control. Often, the supporting plate is involved in the formation of the supporting structures of buildings and structures, hence the high technical requirements.
And now let's take a closer look at exactly where the support plate is used. Depending on the type, supporting plate goes to the formation of the foundation for the supports of bridges, railways, foundations of residential buildings and industrial facilities and, of course, most often it is necessary for the construction of sewer wells. The base plate uop 6, for example, ensures the durability of communications passing under highways where large-scale transport runs.
| Support plates | ||||
| Name | Dimensions, cm | Weight, kg | ||
| L | B | H | ||
| OP-1k | 160 | 160 | 25 | 1000 |
| OP-1d | 160 | 160 | 25 | 1000 |
| UOP-6 | D1 = 160 | D2 = 102 | 32 | 1100 |
Base plate 1kand base plate 1d perform the same role, but on the street roads of cities. They are used in areas with difficult hydrological conditions or weak soils. The main task that the support plate performs is to protect the entrance to the well from subsidence of the soil and, thereby, to extend the life of the communication. The support plate, which is used for arranging wells, is usually equipped with a hatch built into it already at the factory. For this reason, it is quite easy to install.
Installation of base plates:
Plates can be installed in the following ways:
... from storage areas, that is, from a lawn or sidewalk;
... from the "wheels".
When installing, take into account the maximum load, as exceeding it can lead to premature wear. In addition, several conditions must be observed when performing prefabricated works:
1. Before laying, preparatory work is carried out, including garbage collection, wetting the walls and bottom of the sinuses with water, which are then treated with hot bitumen emulsion or bitumen.
2. Prepare a compacted base from a dry mixture.
3. Place the base plate and ring on it.
4. Sealing is carried out in the places where the ring rests on the plate using a conveyor belt and a porous sealing strip 2 cm thick.
Base plate manufacturing:
The base plate has a rather complicated manufacturing process. All products that work in bending are made from prestressed concrete.
Steel reinforcement rods are placed in a special mold, and then concrete is poured into it. All reinforcement is stretched by heating or a simple jack. After the product has solidified, a very complex process is carried out - evaporation. Reinforced concrete support slabs are placed in special heat chambers, heated to 90 degrees, and kept for 12 hours until the water evaporates completely.
During the evaporation process, the products acquire high strength, and then the rods are weakened. They are compressed, and the required stress is created in the sections of the structure adjacent to the reinforcement. Despite the complexity of manufacturing, reinforced concrete products have an affordable price and a large assortment. They are widely demanded in all regions and serve for many decades, despite the difficult climatic conditions.
| Application area: | Serve for unloading structures of reinforced concrete wells from high loads. |
| An example of mascot: | OP-1k, where OP is the base plate; 1k - with a round hatch opening; |
| GOST / TU: | 5855000-007-17771664-00 |
| Material: | Concrete (B15; F150; W6), reinforcement; |
| Production rate (pcs.): | 20 |
| Number in the car (pcs.): | 21 |
| Concrete class: | B22.5 |
| Frost resistance, F: | F100 |
| Water resistance, W: | W4 |
Support slabs are components of engineering structures that are used to equip prefabricated wells. Reinforced concrete wells are structures that are used for the construction of various types of underground communications: sewerage, water supply, gas supply networks and inspection wells.
A feature of the slabs that distinguishes them from support rings is a special rectangular shape, which allows the load to be directed to the entire perimeter of the slab, due to which the walls of the well receive a minimum load, which favorably affects the service life of the entire structure. In addition to the main function of the slabs, they allow you to bring the cover of the well to the required level, protect the well from the ingress of debris, the penetration of unauthorized persons, collapse of the soil, and provide a reliable and solid foundation for the hatch. Reinforced concrete base plates of wells are designed for heavy loads, therefore they are used, including on highways and highways.
Base plates are used in areas such as road and civil engineering, sewer wells and stations, fire and treatment tanks, tunnels, sewers and mines. The data are widely used in power engineering, storage and distillation of oil, gas, mineral fertilizers and hazardous substances, as well as in the food industry (bunkers and elevators) and in the electroplating industry. Wells made of precast concrete products can be used with a high level of groundwater or in soils with its seasonal rise.
The steel-reinforced concrete from which the well base plates are made has a number of advantages over other building materials. The strength of concrete allows the wells to withstand the load that occurs due to the pressure of the soil, and its dense structure is not subject to erosion from the side of groundwater, thanks to which reinforced concrete wells can be used in most soils. The smooth surface of the rings prevents debris from clinging to the walls and forming blockages. In addition, concrete can be perfectly cleaned, and no special equipment and qualified specialists are required for cleaning. The elements of prefabricated wells are easily mounted on top of each other. Due to this, during the repair, it is not required to completely replace the structure - it is enough just to replace or repair the worn out element. Inertness is another of the most important advantages of concrete, thanks to which the products do not have any effect on water quality and, accordingly, can be used for storing drinking water.
Structurally, the base plates are a rectangular plate with inclined edges and an outlet in the middle, round or rectangular, which is subsequently closed by a cast-iron hatch. As a rule, rectangular base plates are installed on wells, which are located under busy motorways, that is, in places where there are significant non-uniform loads.
Reinforced concrete base plates are manufactured in accordance with GOST 8020-90, as well as series 3.900.1-14, issue 1 "Reinforced concrete products for round wells for water supply and sewerage" and RK 2201-82 "Prefabricated reinforced concrete wells on underground pipelines" from heavy concrete, compressive strength class is taken as B15, B20 or B22.5. The frost resistance class of concrete is taken at least F100. The water resistance class must be at least W6. To increase the resistance of slabs to moisture, additional hydrophobic protection is added to the concrete of the products.
A support cushion (slab) is a square or rectangular reinforced concrete product of this shape, made of heavy concrete with design grades for compression reliability not less than M-200 (B-15). It is necessary to reinforce the support cushions (plates) with a welded mesh made of A-III steel grade. The support cushions (slabs) have a wide range of applications, both in conventional buildings and in industrial construction of objects, laying of engineering networks, due to their constant use in all types of construction industry.
The main function performed by the support cushions (slabs) is to evenly distribute the outgoing load from reinforced concrete products exactly where the taken structure is mounted, while increasing the bearing area. The average tempering reliability of concrete for supporting pads (slabs) should be at least 80% of the accepted design grades of concrete, if construction work is carried out during winter periods, or in any other conditions, for example, in cases where construction is not possible to increase the reliability of concrete, the base plates should be delivered when the concrete strength is 100% of the design concrete grade.
Slabsconcrete
Plates are often produced in two types, rectangular and square. With or without bevel, with a decorated top or simply with a straight concrete layer. In appearance, they can be divided into four brands:
Grade A, in which the surface of the slab has an imitation of an untreated stone, with
paving-type paving, small pattern.
Grade B, the top layer is covered with stone, or there are areas of natural stone, such are often marble, pebbles, granite.
Grade C, the upper part of such a slab has an exposed aggregate that has passed
processing on a rotary installation to increase the coefficient of friction.
Grade D, the surface of such a slab is polished and consists of decorative stone.
In slabs with naked aggregate, the thickness of the surface layer is taken not less than the largest grain size used in the process, which is embedded in the body of the concrete base, not less than a third.
The front part of the slab can sometimes contain a 45 ° chamfer and a height of no more than five mm.
Concreteslabs are made on a special machine, by vibrocompression, products from fine-grained mixtures.
Deviations and differences in dimensions that are allowed along the length of the product, width and height do not exceed five mm, the same applies to the flatness of the plate, the straightness of the profile, and the perpendicularity of the front face fluctuates by four mm.
For grade A, or rather for the surface, there are shells, but no more than ten mm., And nodules and depressions with a height of no more than three mm.
Although base plates are an invisible part of a reinforced concrete structure, they are entrusted with the main task of ensuring strength during the construction of an object and its communication systems. What is a base plate for? What are its functions?
The main task that this (and very important) part of the structure solves is removing the load from other components of the object. This usually applies to a sewer well, a heating system and a water supply system. In addition, in any engineering project, there are exit options for carrying out repairs on the site. And thanks to base plate correct maintenance and safe access to these systems is ensured.
Supporting reinforced concrete slabs are used in the construction of low-rise and high-rise construction, in the preparation of projects for household and administrative facilities to ensure the strength and reliability of the structure being created. At the same time, both bricks and large-sized blocks can be involved in the work. In this case, the main task of the slab will be to evenly distribute the load of the transverse and longitudinal girder on the wall masonry.
Varieties
There are various types of boards, which are more or less in demand in the construction market. The most popular and most commonly used of these are reinforced concrete structures such as base plate and support plate op... They act as a building base not only for the foundations of objects, they are also indispensable in modern underground communications.
Depending on the area of operation, the plates used must have high technical characteristics. This is controlled by strict GOST rules. Such technical requirements are explained by the fact that very often base plate op participates in the creation of load-bearing structures of structures.
There are separate types base plates used in the construction of railways and highways, heating mains, etc.
When covering wells, they will be suitable base plates OP-1d OP-1k and UOP-6. All these types of base plates differ in design features.
In the case of the model base plate op 1k, which is a short slab protected by a well of communications running through the carriageways of roads. The length of the side of the base plate op-1k is 1600 mm. If we compare it with a product with a slab op, then its side difference will be 1000 mm. Due to the impressive dimensions of the product and its shape, which resembles a truncated pyramid, it distributes the load over the entire working surface, which in turn ensures safe operation and prevents premature destruction of the well. This modification slabs op thickness 25 cm. In addition, it has a round through hole for the lid. The presence of a built-in hatch facilitates the installation process. Most often used for conventional cast iron hatches. A plate OP-1d, being an elongated version of the first modification, has a thickness of 16 cm and a rectangular through hole for a drainage grill, which is used for arranging a drain, that is, this is the so-called "storm water inlet" hole. That is, they, depending on the purpose, are used to increase the strength of the wells. The choice is determined by the operating conditions. But both models are indispensable in areas with weak soils and difficult hydrological conditions. At the same time, they protect the entrance to the well from destruction due to the squatting of the soil. But their use is permissible on non-intensive roadways with no aggressive environment.
Reinforced base plate UOP-6 there is a guarantee of the longevity of the communication system. Its shape is represented in the form of a truncated cone or pyramid, in the center of which a through hole is made, created for the purpose of constructing wells.
Unlike previous models, this one is presented in the form of a reinforced concrete ring with a shell for a well. Its special design allows protection in all required directions, including reinforced external overloads. Such a plate is applicable on an intensive, significant track with heavy transport, as it has increased strength, capable of withstanding a load of several tens of tons. It is also applicable for telephone and standardized wells. In addition to high resistance and reliable strength, also enhanced frost resistance and moisture resistance are added to its technical advantages, which significantly prolongs its service life. This is due to the anti-salt waterproofing impregnation with which its surface is treated. The mass of the slab is 0.8 tons with a diameter of 1.7 m
There is also base plate, which has additional iron inserts to attach the anchor bolts. Due to this fastening, the slab is so firmly fixed in place that it cannot then be moved by any mechanical means, or by creeping of the soil due to torrential rains. This plate is capable of adhering to almost any surface. Therefore, it is beneficial to use where the highest reliability data from the concrete base is required.
What are the advantages of a base plate?
- it is made from very durable reinforced concrete raw materials, thanks to which it owns significant operational data, which is not affected by weather conditions;
- are not striking, although they flawlessly perform their specific functions;
- due to the use of ultra-precise technologies and high-quality materials during production, the high strength of the resulting building element is guaranteed;
- the reliability of the slab is ensured by high-grade steel - it is with its help that this concrete product is reinforced;
- special manufacturing conditions guarantee the absence of irregularities and cracks on the surface;
- base plate, price which depends on the option chosen, is inexpensive due to the purchase from the manufacturer;
- multi-stage and strict control as a result of which a very high-quality product is obtained.
Proof of these practical advantages that distinguish our boards is their long service life.
How is the base plate installed correctly?
In order to make sure of the decent quality of the installed plate, you need to follow a number of installation rules. Direct installation occurs in two ways:
- directly from the lawn or sidewalk, in other words, from the places of specific storage
- roadway
In any case, during installation, it makes sense to adhere to the possibilities of the maximum load, because if it is exceeded, then this will be an indispensable consequence of the early wear of the product.
There are certain conditions that must be met during assembly:
It is imperative to carry out preliminary preparatory work, including cleaning followed by wetting the surface. After you need to treat with hot bitumen liquid
Preparing a compacted base with a foundation from a special dry mixture
A suitable base plate and ring are placed on this base.
Lastly, the area where the ring meets the plate is sealed. The required level of sealing can be achieved thanks to the conveyor belt as well as a special porous sealing gasket.
What is special about the baseplate manufacturing process?
Formation base plates is an important process that requires responsible control - after all, they are a very important design detail. Therefore, an integral part of this material is concrete grade M200, which are intended for use directly in installation on wells and are able to withstand operation on the roadway. If the product will subsequently work in bending, then it is customary to take concrete, which has tension.
This plate is distinguished by a very complicated technological production procedure. It all starts with the fact that steel rods, placed in special shapes, are poured with concrete. In this case, by heating or by an ordinary jack, all available fittings are stretched. And as soon as the product hardens, evaporation begins. For this, reinforced concrete slabs are installed in special heat chambers, where all the liquid from them evaporates in twelve hours at a temperature of 90 C. As soon as the required strength is reached, the rods are weakened. When they contract, they create a corresponding tension. Despite the technical difficulties of the creation process, their purchase is possible at fairly affordable prices.
Today the need for base plate remains at a high level in various regions of the country, since, despite the harsh conditions of our climate, it ensures the reliability and strength of communication for many years.
Contact us for high quality, durable base plates! Our experts will answer any questions and help you with your choice.
