- All the rules, ATP!
- Pzhlst.
Example: MYOB = mind your own business
Below you will find a whole list of English abbreviations (in SMS, social networks, forums). Study it thoroughly to understand what English-speaking interlocutors want from you.
As a preface: colloquial abbreviations in English
Of course, it is advisable to use abbreviations of English words only in informal correspondence (private messages, chats). At the same time, there is a known case when a 13-year-old girl wrote a school essay, almost entirely built on the abbreviations of the English language. Here is an excerpt from it, try to read and understand the meaning of what is written:
My smmr hols wr CWOT. B4, we used 2go2 NY 2C my bro, his GF & thr 3: - kids FTF. ILNY, it's a gr8 plc.
Happened? Now read the "translation":
My summer hols (short for holidays) were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to NY (New York) to see my brother, his girlfriend and their 3 kids face to face. I love New York, it's a great place.
As you can see, English abbreviations in writing are built:
- on the use of numbers (4, 8)
- on letter names (R = are, C = see)
- on throwing out vowels (smmr = summer)
- on acronyms - a type of abbreviation formed by initial letters (ILNY = I love New York).
So, let's move on to our dictionary of English abbreviations.
His Majesty Slang: transcript of English abbreviations
The article will indicate the translation of abbreviations from English into Russian. But where additional clarifications are required, we will give them too. Enjoy!
0 = nothing
2 = two, to, too (two, to, too)
2DAY = today
2MORO / 2MROW = tomorrow
2NITE / 2NYT = tonight (tonight, tonight)
2U = to you
4U = for you
4E = forever
AFAIK = as far as I know (as far as I know)
ASAP = as soon as possible (as soon as possible, as soon as possible)
ATB = all the best
B = to be
B4 = before
B4N = bye for now
BAU = business as usual (idiom meaning that business continues as usual despite the difficult situation)
BBL = to be back later
BC = because (because)
BF = boyfriend
BK = back (back, back)
BRB = to be right back. For example, you are “chatting” with someone, but forced to move away for a while. BRB (will be back soon), - you write, and go about your business.
BRO = brother
BTW = by the way (by the way)
BYOB / BYO = to bring your own booze, to bring your own bottle. Indicated on the invitation in the event that the host of the party will not provide drinks for guests... By the way, the group System Of A Down has a song B.Y.O.B. (Bring Your Own Bombs instead of Bottle).
C = to see
CIAO = goodbye (goodbye, bye). This abbreviation for correspondence in English is derived from Italian Ciao(and it is pronounced that way - ciao).
COS / CUZ = because (because)
CUL8R = call you later / see you later
CUL = see you later
CWOT = complete waste of time
D8 = date (date, date)
DNR = dinner
EOD = end of debate. Used by during the dispute when you want to stop it: That’s it, EOD! (That's it, let's stop the argument!)
EZ = easy (easy, simple, convenient)
F2F / FTF = face to face
F8 = fate
FYI = for your information (for your information)
GF = girlfriend
GMTA = great minds think alike. Something like ours "Fools' thoughts converge" just the opposite 🙂
GR8 = great (great, great, etc.)
GTG = got to go
HAND = have a nice day
HB2U = happy birthday to you
HOLS = holidays
HRU = how are you
HV = to have
ICBW = it could be worse
IDK = I dont know (I don't know)
IDTS = I don’t think so (I don’t think so, I don’t think so, I don’t agree)
ILU / Luv U = I love you (I love you)
IMHO = in my humble opinion (in my humble opinion). Expression migrated to our Internet for a long time in the form of transliteration IMHO.
IYKWIM = if you know what I mean (if you know what I mean)
JK = just kidding
KDS = kids
KIT = to keep in touch
KOTC = kiss on the cheek
L8 = late (late, recently, recently)
L8R = later (later)
LMAO = laughing my ass out (so funny that he "otmeted" the fifth point for himself).
LOL = laughing out loud (the meaning is identical to the previous one). This popular English abbreviation is also borrowed by our Internet slang in the form of LOL transliteration.
LSKOL = long slow kiss on the lips (French kiss)
LTNS = long time no see (haven't seen each other for a long time)
Example from stickers for Viber
Luv U2 = I love you too
M8 = mate (buddy, friend, dude). Slang word mate- about the same as dude (dude, kid, etc.): Hey, mate, what’s up? (Hey man, how is it?)
MON = the middle of nowhere (idiom meaning “very far away, in the middle of nowhere”)
MSG = message (message, message)
MTE = my thoughts exactly (you read my thoughts, I think exactly the same)
MU = I miss you (miss you)
MUSM = I miss you so much
MYOB = mind your own business (mind your own business, do not meddle in other people's business)
N2S = needless to say (needless to say, obviously ...)
NE1 = anyone (anyone, anyone)
NO1 = no one
NP = no problem (no problem, no problem)
OIC = oh, I see (I see; that's it). Used in a situation when you want to show the interlocutor that you understand the subject of the conversation.
PC & QT - peace and quiet The idiom most often used in the context of wanting a quieter life: All I want is a little peace and quiet (All I want is a little peace and quiet).
PCM = please call me (please call me)
Pls = please
PS = parents
QT = cutie
R = are (verb form to be)
ROFL / ROTFL = rolling of the floor laughing
RUOK = are you ok? (are you ok? is everything ok?)
SIS = sister
SKOOL = school
SMMR = summer
SOB = stressed out bad
this is a video with subtitles.
SOM1 = someone
TGIF = thank God it's Friday
THX = thanks
THNQ = thank you (thank you)
TTYL = talk to you later (we'll talk later)
WAN2 = to want to
WKND = weekend
WR = were (to be verb form)
WUCIWUG = what you see is what you get (what you see is what you get)
The phrase was used for Heinz ketchup creative posters.
The expression has several meanings:
- The property of application programs or web interfaces in which the content is displayed during editing and looks as close as possible to the final product (more details).
- The definition used when the speaker wants to show that there is nothing hidden, there are no secrets or pitfalls.
Can be used as a definition honest and open person:
He is a what-you-see-is-what-you-get kind of person. (He is of the “what you see is what you get” type of person)
Also, the idiom can be used, for example, by sellers in a store, when they assure us that the product that we will buy is looks the same as on the shop window:
The product you are looking at is exactly what you get if you buy it. What you see is what you get. The ones in the box are just like this one. (If you buy this product, you will get exactly what you see now. The items in the boxes are exactly the same as this one).
X = kiss (kiss)
XLNT = excellent (excellent, excellent)
XOXO = hugs and kisses (hugs and kisses). More precisely, "hugs and kisses" if you follow the Internet trends 🙂
YR = your / you’re (your / you + to be verb form)
ZZZ .. = to sleep (to sleep) The abbreviation is used when a person wants to show the interlocutor that he is already sleeping / falling asleep with might and main.
Finally: how to understand modern abbreviations in English
As you can see, all English abbreviations on the Internet lend themselves to a certain logic, the principles of which we analyzed at the beginning of the article. Therefore, it is enough to “run through them with your eyes” several times, and you can easily use and, most importantly, understand them. CUL8R, M8 🙂
Hey! We very often use various kinds of abbreviations in informal communication on the Internet in order to speed up the process of information exchange. For example, instead of "Thank you", we write "ATP"; instead of "Please" and "Not at all" - "pzh" and "nz"; instead of "now" - just "schA". English correspondence with short sms messages also has its own abbreviations, which we will talk about today.
Abbreviations in English Abbreviations are used not because of illiteracy, but to save time and quickly convey your message, not forgetting about the most important thing. With live communication, we can easily express a large amount of information quickly, spending a few seconds. When chatting on the Internet, even a short thought will take a minute or more to express. As a result, all the ideas that one wanted to highlight are often forgotten. In this case, various abbreviations come to the rescue.
Many abbreviations are already firmly entrenched in our speech, and sometimes we pronounce some words, not even suspecting that they are acronyms, that is, abbreviations that have become independent words in our language.
One of the most popular Internet acronyms today is the abbreviation "IMHO". Few people know that this is a tracing copy of the English abbreviation "IMHO", which stands for "In My Humble Opinion" - "In My Humble Opinion", that is, in a hare this abbreviation should look like "PMSM".
The functionality and convenience of the Internet is actively used for learning English, including for correspondence and communication with native speakers on forums and in chats. But if you are new to an English-speaking forum, then it will be difficult for you to understand what the participants are talking about, since they very often use abbreviations when writing sms on the Internet in English.
English abbreviations To make it easier for you to navigate in the English chat, and found, systematized and deciphered the most popular sms abbreviations. I divided abbreviations for correspondence into several groups:
The first group belongs to the category "As I hear, so I write":
- u = you
- ur = your (you)
- cu = cya = see you
- k = ok (ok, okay)
- y = why
- Any1 = anyone
- gr8 = great (large)
- 4u = for you
- u2 = you too
The third group - the most popular colloquial phrases in the English language, which are written in correspondence on the Internet and sms as abbreviations:
- np = no problem (no problem)
- gf = girlfriend
- tc = take care
- bb = bye bye (bye, see you soon)
- omg = oh my god
Of course, these are not all abbreviations in English. To make it easier for you to learn or decipher them in chat, I have created a special table that you can download, print and hang in a prominent place.
Table "English abbreviations"
Many acronyms and acronyms from communication in 
The Internet has moved into real communication in English, so it will be useful to know them. For example, the words "gonna" and "wanna", which are often used in ordinary speech, sound like "going to" and "want to" in full. But they are already firmly entrenched in the English language in a condensed form.
And now the promised extended table:
Reduction | Full version | Translation |
« As I hear, so I write« |
||
| r | are | there is |
| b | be | to be |
| u | you | you |
| y | why | why |
| ur | your | You, your |
| n | and | and |
| k | ok | OK |
| cu = cya | see you | I'll see you |
| pls | please | please |
| gimme | give me | give me |
| thx | thanks | thank you |
Alphanumeric |
||
| be4 | before | before |
| some1 | someone | somebody |
| 2day | today | today |
| gr8 | great | big |
| w8 | wait | wait |
| u2 | you too | you as well |
| 4u | for you | for you |
| str8 | straight | directly |
| 2u | to you | to you |
Abbreviations |
||
| bf | boyfriend | friend |
| ty | thank you | thanks |
| brb | be right back | I'll be back soon |
| hru | how are you | how are you |
| btw | by the way | by the way |
| omg | oh my god | Oh my God |
| bbl | be back later | I will be later |
| tl | tender love | offer love |
| afaik | as far as I know | as far as I know |
| asl | age, sex, location | age, gender, location |
| b / t | between | between |
| lol | laughing out loud | laughing |
| xoxo | kisses and hugs | hugs and kisses |
| uw | you are welcome | welcome |
| bb | bye bye or baby | bye or baby |
| ntmu | nice to meet you | very nice |
| np | no problem | no problem |
| asap | as soon as possible | as soon as possible |
| wb | welcome back | come back |
| tc | take care | Take care |
| ttyl = ttul = t2ul | talk to you later | let's talk later |
| atm | at the moment | presently |
| lu = luv u | love you | love you |
| rofl | rolling on the floor laughing | An analogue of our "pat table" from laughter |
| yolo | you only live once | there is only one life |
The verb be in English plays many roles: a linking verb, a component of a predicate, a part of a temporary construction, an independent and modal verb. In some cases, in oral and written speech, it can be used in an abbreviated form.
Conjugation to be by tenses
In the present tense, regardless of whether this verb is used as a semantic verb or is part of a grammatical structure, to be has 3 forms:
- am in 1st person singular;
- is in 3rd person singular;
- are plural.
I am a generous person. - I am a generous person.
He is a generous person. - He is a generous person.
We are generous people. - We are generous people.
The pronoun you is used both in the singular and in the plural, but in any case, they put are with it.
You are young enough to take up sport. - You're young enough to play sports.
You are to come to school at 9 tomorrow. - Tomorrow you should come to school at 9.
The verb to be in the present tense can only be abbreviated in affirmative sentences. The full and short forms of the verb be are used in this case equally, without changing the meaning of the phrase.
I'm a generous person.
He's a generous person.
We're generous people.
The verb be belongs to the group of irregulars, therefore, its second form is used in the past tense. In the singular was (was), in the plural were (were).
Kate was at the hospital when her friend called her. - Katya was in the hospital when a friend called her.
The Ivanovs were in Moscow last weekend. - The Ivanovs went to Moscow last weekend.
According to the correct use of was / were in speech and writing, these forms cannot be abbreviated.
Table Forms of the verb to be
To get acquainted with the use of be in the present and past tense in different types of statements, the table will help you in detail.
TOP-2 articleswho read along with this
| Time | Type of utterance | Full form | Abbreviated form | Translation |
| Present | Statement |
I am busy at the weekend. He is a talented painter. She is a good mother. It is our lovely cat. We are from London. You are good at Maths. They are famous sportsmen. |
I'm busy at the weekend. H's a talented painter. She's a good mother. It's our lovely cat. We’re from London. You're good at Maths. They’re famous sportsmen. |
We've been busy over the weekend. He is a talented artist. She's a good mom. This is our beloved cat. We are from London. You're good at math. They are famous athletes. |
| Negation |
I am not busy at the weekend. He is not a talented painter. She is not a good mother. It is not our lovely cat. We are not from London. You are not good at Maths. They are not famous sportsmen. |
I'm not busy at the weekend. He isn't a talented painter. She isn’t a good mother. It isn’t our lovely cat. We aren’t from London. You aren’t good at Maths. They aren’t famous sportsmen. |
We weren't busy on the weekend. He is a mediocre artist. She's a bad mom. This is not our favorite cat. We're not from London. You don't do well in math. They are unknown athletes. |
|
| Question |
Am I busy at the weekend? Is he a talented painter? Is she a good mother? Is it our lovely cat? Are we from London? Are you good at Maths? Are they famous sportsmen? |
——————————– |
Have we been busy this weekend? Is he a talented artist? Is she a good mom? Is this our favorite cat? Are we from London? Are you good at math? Are they famous athletes? |
|
| Past | Statement |
I / He / She / It was at the football match last year. We / You / They were at the football match last year. |
——————————— |
I (He / She / It) was at the soccer game last year. We (You / You / They) were at the football match last year. |
| Negation |
I / He / She / It was not at the football match last year. We / You / They were not at the football match last year. |
I / He / She / It wasn’t at the football match last year. We / You / They weren’t at the football match last |
I (He / She / It) was not at the football match last year. We (You / You / They) were not at the football match last year. |
|
| Question |
Was I / he / she / it at the football match last year? Were we / you / they at the football match last year? |
——————————— |
Was I (He / She / It) at the soccer game last year? We (You / You / They) were at the football match last year? |
What have we learned?
The verb to be has 2 past tense forms. To be can be abbreviated in affirmative sentences of the present tense, where the given verb is presented in 3 variants.
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You've probably noticed that often in colloquial speech, along with the verb have they say have got... In this regard, many questions arise:
Are have and have got different verbs or are they the same?
Can you always use have got instead of have?
How to form denial and question?
Have got is what Present perfect?
These and many other questions will cease to torment you after you carefully study the material in this article.
In textbooks, the title of the topic in question usually looks like this: HAVE (GOT). The presence of parentheses leads students to the misconception that got is an optional element that does not affect anything: you say it, you don’t want to say it. If you want to shine, you can also got.
In fact, in affirmative sentences this approach may work, but forms of denial and questioning may suffer. Another misconception is that have and have got absolutely replace each other in meaning. No, it’s not like that.
In this article, we will analyze in detail the main differences in the meanings and forms of the verbs have and have got. And your task is to remember and use them without mistakes.
When can both forms be used?
First, both forms are used when talking about possession - "someone has something":
I have / have got a car. - I have a car.
He has / has got a big house. - He has a big house.
Differences in shapes
It is possible to confuse constructions only in the present tense, because have got does not have the form of the past tense. The past tense uses the verb had, without got:
He has / has got a girlfriend. - He has a girlfriend. (the present)
He had a girlfriend. - He had a girlfriend. (past)
Have got is abbreviated and is often abbreviated in assertions and negatives, and the verb have is not abbreviated:
I've got a house. - I have a house.
I haven’t got a flat. - I don't have an apartment.
He's got a dog. - He has a dog.
He hasn’t got a cat. - He doesn't have a cat.
As for the different ones, in the statement there is no significant difference in the forms.
Have- acts like a regular verb in tense, so to form a negation and a question, we need the auxiliary verbs do and does.
Have got- this is not the same as, it is a special, atypical two-part verb, in which have acts as an auxiliary verb, and got does not change.
Consider comparison tables with the have and have got forms:
|
Statement |
Negative Sentence |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I we you they |
have | have got ’Ve got |
I we you they |
do not have don’t have |
have not got haven’t got |
| he she it |
has | has got ’S got |
he she it |
does not have doesn’t have |
has not got hasn’t got |
| Questions and Short Answers | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| have | have got | ||||||
| Do | I we you they |
have? | Yes, I do No, I don’t |
Have | I we you they |
got? | Yes, I have No, I haven’t |
| Does | he she it |
Yes, she does No, she does not |
Has | he she it |
Yes, she has No, she has not |
||
Typical mistakes arise when constructing negatives and questions, because many perceive have as a verb that independently forms them, and at the same time they forget about got.
In speech, there are questions and denials built in this way, but we will speak according to the rules, not exceptions. Let's remember once and for all that if we start the question with have, then we need got. If in negation haven't, then got is needed. If there is no got, then the auxiliary verb do or does is needed:
Have you a car? - it is possible, but it is not necessary to say so
Have you got a car? - right
Do you have a car? - right
I haven’t a brother. - it is possible, but it is not necessary to say so
I haven’t got a brother. - right
I do not have a brother. - right
We already mentioned that have got has no past tense, so negation and asking about the past will follow all the rules of Past Simple tense.
Well, has it become clearer? Now you will always know exactly when you need have, and when have got, you will speak correctly and you can teach others!
If the material was useful to you, write to us about it! Put it "Like" and be sure to subscribe to our communities in
Verb to be means "to be / to be". This is the initial form, the infinitive. This verb changes by person and number, and each person / number has its own form:
Usually in reference books, pronouns are given as examples - this is done for simplicity of explanation. Verb is used with words denoting an animate / inanimate object in the singular.
Forbidden fruit is sweet. - The Forbidden fruit is sweet.
Verb are used with words denoting an animate / inanimate object in the plural.
Two heads are better than one. “Two heads are better than one.
The form am only used with pronoun I.
I am ready. - I'm ready.
Notes (edit)
In dictionaries, verbs in the initial form (go be, the game be, would be) are given together with the particle to: to be, to go, to play... This shows that the verb is in the infinitive form, and not in the form of any person or tense. But when using verbs in speech and writing, the particle to is not used.
Pronoun you translates as "you" and "you" (respectful address) and "you" (plural), depending on the context. Anyway with you used Are.
Short forms / abbreviations
Short forms arise
when a verb (its part) is merged with a noun (pronoun), which denotes a subject (performing an action);
when merging verbs with a negative particle not
The short form does NOT change the meaning of the statement. The short forms are not distortions of the grammatical norms of the English language and obey the rules. They are most common in fluent spoken informal speech and are widely used in informal writing.
Affirmative
| I am from London. = I "m from London. I'm from London. |
We are from London = We "re from London. We are from London. |
| You are from London = You "re from London You are / you are from London. |
They are from London = They "re from London. They are from London. |
| He / She is from London. = He / She "s from London. He / She is from London |
|
| It is from London. = It "s from London. This is from London |
Negative
| I am not from London. = I "m not from London. I'm not from London. |
We are not from London = We aren "t from London. We're not from London. |
| You are not from London = You aren "t from London You / you are not from London. |
They are not from London = They aren "t from London. They are not from London. |
| He / She is not from London. = He / She isn "t from London. He / She is not from London |
|
| It is not from London. = It isn "t from London. This is not from London |
Also, the short form of the verb to be can be formed by merging the question words What, Where, When, Who, How, Why with the verb Is.
With other to be forms and interrogative words, short forms are usually not formed.
| When + Is = When "s | When "s her birthday? |
| What + Is = What "s | What "s your phone number? |
| Where + Is = Where "s | Where "s our teacher? |
| Who + Is = Who "s | Who "s there? |
| How + Is = How "s | How "s your mother? |
| Why + Is = Why "s | Why "s she late? |
