What is the name of the procedure for checking the patency of the fallopian tubes. How to check the patency of the fallopian tubes: the most common methods. How is the patency of the fallopian tubes checked?

Assessment of the state of the fallopian tubes in a woman is an important step in the examination for infertility.

Let's try to figure out when it is necessary to check the fallopian tubes and what methods exist for assessing the condition of the fallopian tubes.

Question one: when to check the fallopian tubes?

The fallopian tubes should be checked after assessing the ejaculate from the spouse, that is, with the exclusion of the male cause of infertility in marriage.

If the spouse has poor sperm quality and the situation does not change after the man’s treatment, there is no point in checking the pipes, this will be an unnecessary intervention in the woman’s body (for which you will still pay).

How to check fallopian tubes?

Before answering this question, let's look at the role of the fallopian tubes in conception.

Normally, the widest part of the fallopian tube is located next to the ovary. And at the time of ovulation, this contact becomes closer - the tube literally captures the area of ​​​​the ovary where the follicle ruptured (ovulation) occurred and the egg immediately enters the fallopian tube.

If there are sperm in the fallopian tube (sexual intercourse at the time of ovulation or the day before), then they reach the egg and normally one sperm enters it - fertilization occurs.

In the process of division, the embryo moves through the tube towards the uterus. But the embryo itself cannot move - it is promoted by the fallopian tube, thanks to peristalsis and the movement of microvilli that line the tube from the inside.

Thus, three characteristics of the fallopian tubes are important for the onset of pregnancy - they must be passable, have good physical activity and closely contact with “their” ovary. The figure clearly shows the contact of the fallopian tube with the ovary during ovulation.

Now let's talk directly about methods for assessing the condition of the fallopian tubes.

The first method is the simplest, but the most non-informative, that is, inaccurate. it metrosalpingography/hysterosalpingography or a picture of the fallopian tubes.

The essence of the method is the introduction of a radiopaque substance into the uterine cavity. The contrast fills the uterus, fallopian tubes and if it flows out of the fallopian tubes, they are passable. If the contrast does not flow out, the pipes are impassable.

The sensitivity of this method (that is, how often the method shows the pathology that is there) is on the order of 60-70%. Thus, in 30-40% of cases, a woman may have problems in the small pelvis (adhesions that “separate” the fallopian tube and ovary; endometriosis) and the picture will be normal.

Therefore, modern medicine prefers endoscopic diagnostic methods, that is, methods of direct visualization of internal organs. These are TGL procedure and laparoscopic surgery.

- a wonderful, modern method for assessing the condition of the fallopian tubes.

The essence of the method is that a thin video camera is inserted through the back wall of the vagina and enters the pelvic cavity. The image of the organs (uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes) is displayed on the monitor. We evaluate the condition of the fallopian tubes and ovaries, check the patency of the tubes.

In this case, the procedure is performed under local anesthesia and the woman (if desired) can "see herself from the inside." The only “disadvantage” of the method is that it is diagnostic, that is, if we find a problem (for example, adhesions), an operation is required to eliminate it - laparoscopy. In this case, it is possible to perform an operation immediately after THL - the woman is given anesthesia and laparoscopy is performed.

And finally, laparoscopy- is the "gold" standard for the diagnosis and treatment of female infertility. This is not only a way to determine the cause of a woman’s lack of pregnancy (adhesions, cysts, endometriosis), but also to eliminate it.

Laparoscopy has many advantages over traditional incision surgery: cosmetic effect (no scarring), hospitalization for 1-2 days, reduction of postoperative pain, quick recovery, and others.

What determines the choice of method for assessing the condition of the fallopian tubes?

The main role in this matter is given to the woman's history - that is, we take into account all previously transferred diseases (including infections), surgical interventions.

For example, if a woman had an infection (chlamydia) or inflammation of the fallopian tubes or "incision" surgery, then, of course, the choice is laparoscopy. If there was nothing “special”, TGL can be planned.

In conclusion, I want to say that it was not in vain that I wrote above about the assessment of the “state” of the fallopian tubes, and not “patency”. Patency is one of the important characteristics of the fallopian tube, but not the only one.

Examining a woman with the problem of not being pregnant, we must not only check the patency of the fallopian tubes, but also assess the contact of the tube with the ovary, the presence / absence of endometriosis. All this is possible only with modern, that is, endoscopic methods for diagnosing female infertility.

The fallopian tubes play one of the most important roles in fertilization - it is through them that the fertilized egg moves to the uterus. But sometimes health fails and women are diagnosed with obstruction of the uterine canals. What kind of disease it is, how to identify it and how to treat it - we will tell further.

Fallopian tube patency

Violation of the functionality of the fallopian tubes is often the cause of infertility. Therefore, a systematic examination by a gynecologist will help to detect the problem in time, if any, and solve it.

Important! An ectopic pregnancy in most cases leads to the removal of the fallopian tube, so it is best to identify the problem in advance.

They are located in the pelvis at the same level as the uterus. They also originate from it - the channels on one side depart from the bottom of the uterus, and on the other they go into the abdominal cavity. At the same time, they cover the ovaries. The average length of each pipe is about 12 cm. Moreover, the right and left can be of different lengths.

According to the structure of the walls, the channels are similar to the uterus. They have three layers - mucous, muscular and serous. The first layer has a feature - the presence of cells with fringes, which help transport the egg.

The fringes on the mucous membrane of the genital tube are responsible for the movement of the egg from the ovary to the uterus. If the motor function of these mobile particles of the epithelium is impaired, then there are problems with conception.

Together with the catheter, a substance is injected inside, which enters the fallopian tubes and, during normal operation of the organs, enters the peritoneum. If there is an obstruction, fluid accumulates in the channels.

Before the procedure, it is important to take an analysis of the vaginal flora. With this method, there is no need to protect yourself if you want to get pregnant.

Diagnostic laparoscopy

If the patient has problems with the internal genital organs, then she is prescribed laparoscopy. This intervention also allows tubal ligation to stop the reproductive function.

Did you know? From the cervix to the fallopian canals, a spermatozoon needs to travel the same distance as a human being in order to overcome more than 6,000 km.

What it is

This is a surgical intervention that allows you to remove polyps, growths, adhesions inside the fallopian tubes. This is the most accurate way to diagnose problems like this.

Therefore, this method is prescribed if it is not possible to get pregnant for a long time.

How is the operation

Surgery always becomes stressful for the body, therefore, as a diagnostic, laparoscopy is prescribed only in extreme cases.
For example, when you need to know the exact number of adhesions, how they are located, and decide how to remove them.

For the procedure, 3 small incisions are made in the lower abdomen, which are then enlarged in depth with a blunt probe.

Another hole is made in the navel for the introduction of carbon dioxide. This will help you better see the internal organs. Next, the doctor introduces the instruments and performs the procedure itself. After it, stitches are applied.

Laparoscopy is considered the safest type of surgery. In addition, this is the only way to save the fallopian tubes during an ectopic pregnancy.

If you decide to make sure that your organs are healthy and want to undergo a diagnosis, then it is better to choose an ultrasound.

However, such diagnostics are carried out only on the prescription and direction of a doctor, so you need to consult with him in any case.
If there is a suspicion of obstruction, then only a specialist will tell you the best and most effective way.

The patency of the fallopian tubes is a prerequisite for conception. It is the violation of this function that often leads to infertility. Therefore, they will help to prevent this problem or solve it, if it exists. Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment contribute to the rapid and reliable treatment of obstruction.

When a woman has fully checked her health, and no obvious deviations have been found, the long-awaited pregnancy may still not occur. The most common cause of this is the obstruction of the fallopian tubes, which are otherwise called the fallopian tubes. It is they who are responsible for the delivery of the fertilized egg to the uterine cavity, where the embryo is supposed to develop further. If there is obstruction, then pregnancy does not occur.

Currently, the presence of such a deviation can be easily checked in any clinic. How is the patency of pipes checked? There are several methods. It is completely harmless and can probably help solve many problems, because after the diagnosis is established, you can begin to treat the pathology.

Fallopian or uterine tubes are two thin small processes that run on either side of the uterus and connect it to the ovaries. It is through them that the fertilized egg moves into the uterine cavity. Their length is on average ten centimeters, but the diameter depends on the side of the connection. From the side of the ovaries, it is about 1 cm, and from the side of the uterus, about 1 mm.

Such sizes are quite enough for the passage of an egg or spermatozoa, provided that the oviducts are well passable.

The fallopian tubes function as follows:

• in the first two weeks of the menstrual cycle, follicles are maturing in the ovaries;
• then the dominant follicle ruptures and the egg is released from there.

In order for fertilization to be successful, the egg must enter the uterine cavity. Help in this is provided by special cilia located in the fallopian tubes. While she is moving towards the goal, she meets spermatozoa, which should fertilize her. After fertilization, the embryo appears, which continues to move further to the uterus. His journey can be from seven to ten days. If the egg was not fertilized, then after a certain time it dies, and the woman begins menstruation.

In some cases, fertilization is not possible. This happens if the pipes are too rigid and inelastic, or there is an obstruction, that is, there are adhesions, or the mobility of the cilia is impaired.

Causes of obstruction

One of the most common causes of obstruction is inflammation of the appendages. They provoke swelling of the oviducts, as a result of which their patency worsens. In addition, there are other reasons for the presence of such a pathology. These include:

If there are frequent relapses of inflammatory diseases, then each time the chances of conceiving a baby become less.

Symptoms

The most unpleasant thing with such an ailment is is the absence of symptoms, which indicates the problem. Many women are protected from unwanted pregnancy for a long time, but when they begin to make attempts to conceive a baby, nothing comes of it. In this case, a similar diagnosis can be suspected.

And only those women who often have inflammatory diseases in a female way can make an assumption about its presence, or dropsy is present on the pipes. Then certain symptoms can indicate problems with the patency of the pipes:

• frequent pain in the lower abdomen of varying intensity;
• disturbed menstrual cycle with the presence of heavy bleeding;
• discharge that has a yellowish or greenish tint;
• attempts to get pregnant for a long time do not end with success.

Diagnosis and treatment

There are several basic methods for examining patency, but before getting a referral from a doctor, should have an ultrasound, which can be both conventional and transvaginal. Such a study is necessary in order to determine whether ovulation occurs regularly.

It is also mandatory to examine the quality of the partner's sperm. If the results after both studies are positive for the conception of a child, but there is no pregnancy, the woman is sent for an additional examination.

One of these surveys is laparoscopy. This is a small surgical intervention in which several small incisions are made in the abdomen, where special cameras are inserted, with which you can assess the condition of the patient's fallopian tubes. The received data is displayed on the monitor. Scars during such a procedure will be absent, and you will not have to stay in the hospital for a long time.

Another way to determine the permeability - this is the HGS method or hysterosalpingography. With a similar procedure, a special device is inserted into the uterine cavity through the neck, which fills it with a special contrast agent. Often this is a blue solution. After filling the uterus, it moves further if the tubes are patency. When the abdominal cavity is full, the doctor takes a picture, which reflects the state of the uterus and oviducts. In addition, with this method, the presence of adhesions or partitions in the organ can also be assessed.

It should be noted that before starting such an examination, a woman needs to pass some types of tests. Usually these are tests for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B and C.

Another procedure by which you can check the fallopian tubes for patency is hysteroscopy. For research, a special device is used - a hysteroscope. With such an examination, it is possible to identify deviations not only in the work of the oviducts and uterus, but also to learn about the presence of other diseases that had not previously made themselves felt.

Also, to study the definition of pathology, the method of hydrosonography is used. It involves the introduction of a special substance into the uterine cavity. During a gynecological examination, the cervix is ​​​​treated and a catheter with a special balloon is inserted there. This balloon is then inflated and fills the uterus and fallopian tubes. Meanwhile, the doctor watches the process with the help of an ultrasound machine and assesses the condition of the woman's reproductive organs. The procedure is painless, and the body is not exposed to harmful radiation, which is a big plus.

How to treat

In addition to the question of how pipes are checked for patency in women, everyone is interested in the question: Is it possible to treat such a pathology and how to do it? Treatment, of course, exists and is carried out in two main ways, which are prescribed by the attending physician after conducting research. The first method is medication, with which treatment can be carried out at home, but it should be constantly monitored by a doctor. The second method is in a hospital setting, when the patient is admitted to the hospital and the defect is corrected surgically. There are several main factors that the doctor relies on when choosing a method for treating pathology:

In cases where the obstruction of the fallopian tubes is caused by any inflammatory diseases, it is often possible to get by with drug therapy. However, treatment must begin immediately. At an advanced stage, one conservative treatment is not enough. With conservative treatment can be prescribed different groups of drugs:

• anti-inflammatory;
• antibacterial;
• hormonal;
• sedatives.

Only a doctor should choose the drug. It is good to supplement such therapy with physiotherapy. If conservative treatment does not help, then surgical intervention is necessary. Most often, doctors use the laparoscopic technique. The operation is carried out by making a small incision on the patient's abdomen, or the device is inserted through the anus or into the vagina. Sometimes complications arise during the operation, or new diseases appear, for example, the presence of a tumor. Then the doctor can reverse the course of action and perform a laparotomy.

Laparotomy surgery carried out by dissection of the abdominal wall. Usually this method is necessary to remove neoplasms. With this procedure, the woman is discharged home after five days.

Currently, there are many procedures that can help eliminate the pathology, and often after them a woman becomes pregnant in the first year.

According to WHO, about 15% of couples experience problems conceiving a child. At the same time, in 50% of cases the cause is the "female factor". On average, about 1.9% of women of reproductive age are diagnosed with primary infertility. One of the causes of this disease is the obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Let us consider in detail the pros and cons of modern methods for studying the patency of the fallopian tubes.

What is tubal patency?

The uterine, or fallopian, tubes are two channels that are located on the right and left in the lower abdomen and connect the uterus and the abdominal cavity. The length of each channel is 10-12 cm, the outer diameter is 1 cm, the inner diameter is only 0.1 mm. In the abdomen, the fallopian tubes meet the ovaries. The fallopian tubes play an important role in the process of conceiving a child: it is through them that sperm cells, as well as a fertilized egg, move. Movement occurs due to the work of special "cilia" covering the inner surface of the channels. If there is a violation of the patency of the fallopian tubes, then at best the spermatozoa cannot reach the egg. In the worst case, an already fertilized egg cannot move into the uterus, which threatens the occurrence of an ectopic pregnancy, and subsequently the removal of one of the fallopian tubes. Thus, every woman who plans to have children in the future should undergo a regular medical examination, and, if necessary, an examination of the patency of the fallopian tubes.

Statistics data
Various diseases of the fallopian tubes in about 45% of cases are the cause of female infertility (the so-called "tubal infertility").

What are the main causes of obstruction of the fallopian tubes? First of all, these are various inflammatory diseases caused by the development of pathogenic microflora. As a result of the inflammatory process, the canal can “stick together”. Of the inflammatory diseases of the fallopian tubes, the following are distinguished: salpingo-oophoritis (adnexitis), salpingitis and hydrosalpinx. With adnexitis, inflammation forms in the uterus, and then the infection moves through the fallopian tube and passes to the ovaries. Salpingitis is an isolated inflammation of the fallopian tube, which leads to adhesions and the development of obstruction. With hydrosalpinx, fluid accumulates in the fallopian tube, forming a kind of bubble, which, increasing, stretches the fallopian tube and disrupts the functioning of the cilia, due to which the egg moves to the uterus.

Another common cause is the so-called "adhesions" - strings of connective tissue that exert external pressure on the fallopian tubes and disrupt their patency. Also, the cause may be congenital malformations, polyps and tumors of the fallopian tubes. Another dangerous disease that affects the patency of the fallopian tubes is endometriosis, in which a woman's body grows tissues similar to the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity. An examination of the patency of the fallopian tubes can be prescribed if any of the above pathologies is detected, as well as if there are problems with conceiving a child.

Symptoms
The main signs of obstruction of the fallopian tubes: pain during intercourse, pulling pain in the lower abdomen (including during menstruation), as well as profuse yellow discharge.

Study of the patency of the fallopian tubes

Any method of checking the patency of the fallopian tubes, whether it is an ultrasound examination, x-ray diagnostics or surgery, is as follows: a certain substance (liquid or gas) is introduced into the uterine cavity, after which the doctor checks the degree of penetration of this substance into the abdominal cavity through the fallopian tubes . If the substance moves freely, then the permeability is good. If it is delayed, then we can talk about the obstruction of one or both fallopian tubes. Diagnosis can be either invasive or non-surgical. Non-invasive methods include HSG (X-ray), ultrasound and pertrubation, while laparoscopy and fertiloscopy are surgical procedures. Invasive methods for checking the patency of the fallopian tubes are more accurate, but in most cases an ultrasound or x-ray is sufficient.

X-ray diagnostics (hysterosalpingography)

X-ray diagnostics of patency of the fallopian tubes is called hysterosalpingography, abbreviated as HSG. Before taking an x-ray, the doctor injects a contrast agent into the uterine cavity - a fat- or water-soluble preparation, usually containing iodine or barium. If the tubes are passable, then this will be visible in the picture (fluid will enter the abdominal cavity). The accuracy of this type of examination is 70-80%. The procedure should be carried out on certain days of the menstrual cycle - on days 5-9.

The HSG procedure has a number of features and contraindications:

• HSG cannot be performed in the presence of any inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs, therefore, before the procedure, it is necessary to pass tests for HIV, hepatitis B and C, syphilis, as well as a general smear for flora);
• after the passage of the HSG, it is necessary to protect yourself for 1 menstrual cycle;
• HSG should not be done during pregnancy and in the presence of an allergy to a contrast agent;
• 1-2 days before the examination, it is necessary to avoid sexual intercourse, douching, using intimate hygiene products and any vaginal medicines should not be done for a week.

In general, X-ray diagnostics of patency of the fallopian tubes is a painless procedure. After the test, you may experience discomfort in the lower abdomen and some spotting, but this is normal. To date, HSG is considered the best way to check the patency of the fallopian tubes.

Ultrasound diagnostics (echohisterosalpingography)

Ultrasound diagnostics of patency of the fallopian tubes (another name is hydrosonography) is carried out, like any other ultrasound examination. Using an ultrasound scanner and a special gel, the doctor examines the area of ​​​​the abdominal cavity. First, a sterile saline solution is introduced into the cervix using a thin catheter, the movement of which is monitored on a monitor. Like HSG, ultrasound is performed on the 5th-9th day of the menstrual cycle, that is, on the eve of ovulation. This type of diagnosis is less accurate than HSG, but it has several advantages over it:

• there is no radiation that is undesirable for the human body: the study can be done several times, since it is absolutely harmless;
• there is no need to protect yourself after the procedure;
• there are no pain sensations and allergic reactions to saline.

Ultrasound diagnostics of patency of the fallopian tubes cannot be carried out in the presence of inflammatory processes. In general, the whole procedure takes about 15 minutes. The disadvantage of ultrasound is that in some cases, saline does not penetrate into the abdominal cavity due to uterine spasm, and not because of a violation of the patency of the fallopian tubes. In this case, the diagnosis may be erroneous. That is why HSG is considered a more accurate method than an ultrasound study.

Diagnostic laparoscopy and fertiloscopy

Laparoscopy and fertiloscopy are, in fact, surgical procedures with varying degrees of trauma, which are often combined with each other. However, they are rarely prescribed only to assess the patency of the fallopian tubes. These methods are more therapeutic than diagnostic, since during the procedure the surgeon has the opportunity not only to assess the condition of the pelvic organs, but also to remove some pathological changes (for example, adhesions of the fallopian tubes).

Laparoscopy:

• carried out in a hospital with the use of anesthesia;
• to undergo the examination, it is necessary to go to the hospital for 1-2 days;
• during the operation, 2 small incisions are made on the abdominal wall, through which surgical instruments are inserted;
• to assess the patency of the fallopian tubes, chromotubation is performed - the introduction of a sterile solution into the uterine cavity;
• 8 hours before the operation, it is recommended to refuse food and drink;
• recovery occurs within 2-3 days, quite severe pain is possible, which is natural when the sutures heal;
• within a month after the procedure, it is necessary to avoid sexual intercourse, you can not lift weights, drink alcoholic beverages and food that is difficult to digest;

Fertiloscopy:

• performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia;
• for the introduction of a laparoscope, a small incision is made on the wall of the vagina;
• it is possible to conduct sapingoscopy - assessment of the patency of the fallopian tubes using a camera;
• after the procedure, the incision is not sutured and heals on its own, recovery lasts 3-5 hours:
• duration of the procedure: 15-30 minutes;
• the procedure is strictly contraindicated for women with endometriosis and uterine fibroids;
• preparation for the procedure is similar to the requirements for laparoscopy.

note
Most women rate fertiloscopy pain at 4.2 out of 10.

pertrubation

During pertrubation, the patency of the fallopian tubes is checked by introducing gas into the uterine cavity (air, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, xenon, or others). The procedure is almost painless and lasts no more than 5 minutes. After the introduction of gas, the fallopian tubes naturally contract, and this process is recorded by special equipment in the form of a graph. 10-15 minutes after pertrubation, pain may appear in the epigastric region and under the collarbones, which indicates normal patency of the fallopian tubes. Before the procedure, it is necessary to clean the intestines and bladder. Like HSG, pertrubation is performed before the onset of ovulation.

Contraindications:

• inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs;
• diseases of the cardiovascular system;
• tuberculosis, infectious diseases;
• inflammatory processes (flu, tonsillitis, furunculosis, etc.).

The average cost of HSG in Moscow: 7500-9000 rubles, hydrosonography - 6000-8000 rubles, pertrubation - 4000-6000 rubles. Prices for laparo- and fertiloscopy can vary from 20-40 thousand to 100 thousand rubles. depending on the complexity of the operation. In general, for the diagnosis of patency of the fallopian tubes, the HSG method is the most informative, accurate and relatively inexpensive. Ultrasound, in turn, is the most painless and safest method, and pertubation is the cheapest and fastest.

Tuesday, 04/10/2018

Editorial opinion

Whatever method of checking the patency of the fallopian tubes you "like", the appointment for the study is the absolute prerogative of the attending physician. You can express your preferences to him and ask him to make a joint choice of the type of diagnosis, but the final decision is made by a specialist based on a detailed analysis of the clinical picture, indications and contraindications for the procedure.

Reading 6 min. Views 586 Published on 23.01.2020

Infertility is one of the worst diagnoses for a woman. The causes of pathology are different, one of the most common is obstruction of the fallopian tubes. .

How to recognize the problem in time, how the patency of the fallopian tubes is checked, what methods are used in therapy, what forecasts - we will talk about all this with you today.

The reasons

Obstruction of the fallopian tubes is not an independent disease, but a consequence of other disorders in the reproductive organs.

Why does the pathological process develop:

1. Venereal diseases- pathogenic microorganisms provoke the development of inflammatory processes in the organs of the genitourinary system, against the background of strong tissue edema, the lumen of the fallopian tubes is completely or partially closed, and after recovery, scars and adhesions remain.
2. Neoplasms in the uterus- polyps and fibroids often develop against the background of viral infections, disrupt the patency of the pipes.
3. Violation of the integrity of the mucous membranes uterus and tubes during abortion, gynecological examinations - after the procedure, adhesive processes often develop. The intrauterine device can also damage tissue if you decide to install it yourself.
4. chronic diseases organs of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis, endocrine, neurological pathologies.
5. Wall squeezing fallopian tubes large tumors that are located in the pelvic area.
6. Hormonal imbalance.
7. stress, trauma pelvic and lumbar region.
8. congenital anomalies fallopian tubes - develop under the influence of negative external and internal factors.

Types of obstruction

functional

The peristalsis of the fallopian tube is disturbed (often due to hormonal disruptions in the body), in connection with this, the function of moving the egg is lost.

organic

The appearance of organic obstacles in the tube: inflammation, adhesions, polyps. Perhaps the narrowing of the passages due to the individuality of the anatomy of the body.

Partial and complete obstruction of the fallopian tubes

With partial (one-sided) obstruction, the chances of getting pregnant and carrying a baby remain, although they are halved. If the father's spermatozoa are sufficiently mobile and have good morphology, fertilization of the egg is quite possible. The problem is different - with such a pathology, a fertilized egg will not be able to enter the uterus. There is a risk of ectopic pregnancy.

With obstruction of the left tube, and the normal functioning of the right, this risk is 50%. To avoid it, it is necessary, with the help of experienced professionals, to track where the egg comes from, and not to attempt to become pregnant during the period of the wrong cycle.

Complete obstruction deprives the possibility of natural fertilization. With a similar diagnosis, doctors recommend an IVF procedure.

But artificial insemination is possible only with the normal functioning of the ovaries. If they don't work, you have to use donor genetic material.

Complete obstruction is curable if it occurs due to an infectious disease or surgery. In this case, the doctor prescribes drug therapy or surgery to restore the functions of the fallopian tubes.

Symptoms

Manifestations of obstruction of the fallopian tubes depend on the reasons that provoked the development of the pathological process.

Signs:

1. Absence of pregnancy for 12 months with regular sexual activity without contraception.
2. Pulling or sharp pains in the lower abdomen, which are intense during physical exertion, sex, with sudden movements, increased temperature, mucous, foamy, purulent vaginal discharge - symptoms occur in acute and chronic inflammatory processes.
3. Pain in the lower abdomen against the background of normal temperature is a sign of an adhesive process.
4. Abundant bleeding, severe pain in the abdomen and lower back, a decrease in arterial parameters, a significant increase in temperature are symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy, and immediate medical attention is required.

Irregular cycles, heavy or scanty periods, severe PMS, painful urination, or discomfort during bowel movements may indicate a violation of the patency of the fallopian tubes.

If you are often concerned about these symptoms, be sure to consult a gynecologist.

Diagnostics

In case of violation of the patency of the fallopian tubes, you will need to undergo a complete examination so that the doctor can not only find out the cause, but also choose the right methods of treatment.

How to check the patency of the pipes:

1. MSG of the fallopian tubes (hysterosalpingography)- an x-ray with a contrast agent allows you to assess the condition of the fallopian tubes and uterus. The procedure is carried out on the 18-23rd day of the cycle. Contraindications - hypersensitivity to a contrast agent and iodine, chronic infectious diseases in the acute stage, severe diseases of the heart and blood vessels, any kind of bleeding.
2. ultrasound pelvic organs intravaginal and transabdominal - allows you to see the degree of obstruction of the pipes, the presence of adhesions, tumors, inflammatory processes.
3. Hydrosonography- A type of ultrasound. Any medical solution is injected into the uterus, the walls of the organ are straightened, the doctor evaluates the movement of fluid in the appendages. Contraindications - the presence of adhesions, inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system. Ultrasonic hysterosalpingoscopy carried out on the 5-10th day of the cycle.
4. Endoscopic methods- There are 3 types of laparoscopy that allow you to assess the condition of the organs of the reproductive system. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia or without anesthesia, with or without a contrast agent.

Blowing out the fallopian tubes - a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure

Pertubation- blowing with air is carried out on the 8-20th day of the cycle. On the evening before the study, be sure to do a cleansing enema, empty the bladder immediately before the manipulation.

If there is a blockage in the tubes, then air will remain in the uterus and not enter the abdominal cavity.

hydrotubation- blowing with a liquid, the procedure is often carried out for medicinal purposes to restore the functions of the fallopian tubes, manipulations are used to assess the effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery on the tubes, to prevent the development of inflammatory processes.

Laboratory diagnostic methods - general and biochemical blood tests, clinical and Nechiporenko urinalysis, smear for flora and biocenosis, ELISA, serodiagnosis, tests for venereal diseases, hormones, tumor markers.

Treatment of obstruction of the fallopian tubes

Therapy is carried out by medical and surgical methods.

Groups of drugs:

1. NSAIDs in the form of suppositories or tablets - Indomethacin, Diclofenac, eliminate pain, signs of inflammation, reduce temperature.
2. Glucocorticosteroids - Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, drugs are prescribed in the presence of erosions, severe forms of the inflammatory process.
3. Antibacterial drugs with a wide spectrum of action - Gentamicin, Tetracycline, Metronidazole, eliminate infectious processes caused by bacteria.
4. Hormone therapy - with the help of synthetic or natural drugs eliminate hormonal imbalance.
5. Additional medicines - sedatives, vitamin complexes, calcium supplements, immunomodulators.

To enhance the effect of drugs, physiotherapy is prescribed - electrophoresis, mineral water treatment, electrical stimulation, ultrasound therapy, gynecological massage.

Operations are performed in the absence of a therapeutic effect from drug therapy - infertility, the presence of adhesions, neoplasms in the pelvic region, ectopic pregnancy.

The main types of interventions are laparoscopy, laparotomy, donor tube transplantation.

Forecasts

Caused by obstruction of the tubes, not a sentence, with proper and timely treatment, the prognosis is quite favorable.

Healing chance:

1. The blockage of the distal section occurs against the background of congenital pathologies, after the operation, the patency of the tubes is restored in 50% of cases.
2. The narrowing of the lumen in the isthmus is a consequence of infections and inflammatory processes. If you start drug treatment on time, you will be able to avoid the appearance of adhesions, the functionality of the fallopian tubes is restored in 70% of cases.
3. The narrowing of the intramural section occurs due to spasms of the muscles of the uterus and endometrial polyps. Spasms are eliminated with the help of drugs, but after the removal of neoplasms, the functions of the uterine department are not restored.
4. The ampullar tubes are squeezed by tumors, external tumors, if they are eliminated in time, the probability of conception is almost 100%.

Infertility treatment largely depends on the woman herself. Do not ignore unpleasant symptoms, do not hope that everything will work out by itself, the sooner you realize the problem, the easier it will be to deal with it.

Conclusion

Now you know why obstruction develops, how the functionality of the tubes and other organs of the reproductive system is checked, and how the disease is treated.

Tell us in the comments if you had to check the patency of the fallopian tubes, share your impressions and results.