In connection with the entry into force from 15.02.2013 of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On the safety of low-voltage equipment" (hereinafter TR CU 004/2011) in Russia, changes are made to the procedure for confirming the conformity of lighting products. This article provides a brief overview of national and interstate standards for LED products that are recently enacted and in development, and provides information on the certification procedures for LED products.
The creation of white LEDs made it possible to use a fundamentally new, energy-efficient light source in lighting systems and served as the beginning of the rapid development of technologies and the production of lighting products of a new generation. Scientific research carried out by leading companies was aimed at increasing the efficiency of the luminous flux of semiconductor light sources, reducing their cost, and increasing their service life. Since 2005, the first domestic LED lighting systems have appeared. In 2008-2009. serial production of domestic LEDs begins, and competition arises on the Russian market of manufacturers of LED lighting systems. Currently, according to various estimates, more than 90% of the components imported into Russia are used for the production of LED lighting systems. However, the internal infrastructure for the production of LEDs and lighting products based on them is gradually being created in Russia. One of the main problems of the LED lighting market in the Russian Federation is the low quality of products. This is due to the fact that serial production is just being mastered, manufacturing technologies are being worked out, the market is just being formed, a regulatory and legal base is being formed, requirements for certification of LED products are being introduced, test metrological centers are being created and gaining experience. A number of events in the field of LED lighting systems, which have been held in our country recently, are encouraging.
The State Unitary Enterprise of the Republic of Moldova "NIIIS named after A. N. Lodygin", in turn, has actively participated in this process and is carrying out certain works in the LED direction:
- development and manufacture of LED lamps for direct replacement of general-purpose incandescent lamps with a power of 25, 40 and 60 W;
- standardization of LED light sources and methods for controlling their parameters within the framework of the Technical Committee TC 332 “Lighting Products” created on the basis of VNISI LLC (Moscow), of which the State Unitary Enterprise of the Republic of Moldova “NIIIS named after A. N. Lodygin” is a member;
- metrological support of tests, testing and measurements of LED products;
- certification of LED products.
LED lamp
In 2012, the State Unitary Enterprise RM "NIIIS named after A. N. Lodygin" developed a design and manufacturing technology for a series of energy-saving environmentally friendly LED lamps with white LEDs with a power of 3, 5, 7 W, with an E27 base. In terms of their lighting and overall dimensions, they correspond to general-purpose incandescent lamps with a power of 25, 40 and 60 W and can be replaced in household lighting installations. The service life of LED lamps is at least 30 thousand hours (or 10 years). In fig. 1 and 2 show the appearance of the developed LED lamps; Table 1 lists their parameters. At the same time, samples of remote-phosphor LED lamps were manufactured and tested for efficiency. According to the measurement results, LED lamps with a remote phosphor have an 8-10% higher luminous flux compared to lamps with white LEDs. All work was carried out with the support of the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, the Ministry of Industry, Science and New Technologies of the Republic of Mordovia.
Rice. 1. Appearance of LED lamps with E27 base: a) SDL-E27-3; b) SDL-E27-5; c) SDL-E27-7
Rice. 2. Appearance of lamps with E27 base
Table 1. Lamp parameters
| Lamp type | Power, W |
Nominal operating current **, A |
Nominal luminous flux, lm |
Color temperature, K |
Dimensions (no more), mm | Weight (no more), g | Base type | ||
| Nominal * | Limit deviation | D | L | ||||||
| SDL-E27-3 | 3,0 | +0,5 | 0,350 | 250 | 2700-4000 | 48 | 50 | 60 | E27 |
| SDL-E27-5 | 5,0 | +0,5 | 0,350 | 400 | 60 | 108 | 113 | ||
| SDL-E27-7 | 7,0 | +0,5 | 0,350 | 600 | 60 | 132 | 150 | ||
Note:* - the lower power value and the upper value of the luminous flux are not limited; ** - reference value.
LED Lamp Standards
In 2011, the State Unitary Enterprise of the Republic of Moldova "NIIIS named after A. N. Lodygin" developed three standards for LED products:
- GOST R 54814-2011 / IEC / TS 62504: 2011 “LEDs and LED modules for general lighting. Terms and Definitions";
- GOST R IEC 62560-2011 "LED lamps with built-in control device for general lighting for voltages over 50 V. Safety requirements";
- GOST R 54815-2011 / IEC / PAS 62612: 2009 "LED lamps with built-in control device for general lighting for voltages above 50 V. Operational requirements".
For more information on these standards, see.
The procedure for examination, issuance of a typographic version and introduction of standards lags behind the development of scientific and technological progress in the field of LED technology. GOSTs, adopted in 2011, need to be revised, since changes have already been made to IEC standards, on the basis of which national standards were developed. Update required for:
- GOST R 54814-2011, since in July 2012 a new edition of the IEC 62504 standard was issued;
- GOST R IEC 62560-2011, since there is a change from October 2012 in the IEC 62560 standard in terms of terms and tests;
- GOST R 54815-2011 - amendment to the IEC 62612 standard dated February 2012.
In 2012, the State Unitary Enterprise RM “NIIIS named after A. N. Lodygin” continued work (final editions) to develop standards that are related to LED products:
- GOST R “Electric light sources. Methods for determining light and electrical parameters ";
- GOST R “Electric light sources. Methods for determining spectral and color characteristics ";
- GOST R IEC 62471 "Photobiological safety lamps and lamp systems" (IEC 62471: 2006 Photobiological safety lamps and lamp systems (IDT)).
In 2012, the first editions of the drafts of the following standards were developed with notification of their posting on the Rosstandart website:
- GOST R IEC 62663-1 "LED lamps with a base without a control device. Part 1. Safety requirements ";
- GOST R IEC 62663-2 "LED lamps with a base without a control device. Part 2. Operational requirements ";
- GOST R IEC 62707-1 "LEDs. Part 1. General requirements for binning and chromaticity grid for white LEDs ";
- GOST R IEC 62717 “LED modules for general lighting. Operational requirements ".
The development of national standards for LED products will allow manufacturers, consumers and other interested organizations to:
- uniformly classify LED light sources;
- provide a unified approach to assessing the quality and safety of manufactured and purchased LED light sources;
- apply objective methods for measuring light, color and electrical parameters, monitoring and predicting service life, etc.
In connection with the adoption of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On the safety of low-voltage equipment" (TR CU 004/2011), approved. By the decision of the Customs Union Commission dated August 16, 2011 No. 768, on the territory of three countries (Russian Federation, Republic of Belarus, Republic of Kazakhstan) interstate status standards GOST IEC, GOST IEC, STB IEC, STB IEC are introduced to confirm compliance. Today, for example, for LED light sources, in addition to national standards, the interstate standards of the Customs Union operate on the territory of the Russian Federation:
Many experts, and not only lighting technicians, are wondering about the future demand for standards in the status of GOST R in the transition to certification of LED products according to interstate standards. The answer is obvious: the national standards for the GOST R status will gradually be canceled, as is now happening with the standards for other types of lamps. For example, GOST R 53881-2010 “Lamps with built-in ballasts for general lighting. Safety requirements "by order of Rosstandart dated November 29, 2012 No. 1409 is canceled from January 2014 in connection with the introduction of the interstate standard GOST 31999-2012 (IEC 60968: 1988)" Lamps with built-in ballasts for general lighting. Safety requirements. General technical conditions ".
Measurements and tests
The accredited testing laboratory of the State Unitary Enterprise RM "NIIIS named after A. N. Lodygin" (registration No. ROSS RU.0001.22ME33) carries out measurements of electrical and light parameters, colorimetric characteristics and other tests of LED products. Regularly conducted comparative tests allowed the specialists of the State Unitary Enterprise of the Republic of Moldova "NIIIS named after A. N. Lodygin" together with LLC "VNISI", Federal State Unitary Enterprise "VNIIOFI", LLC "Archilight", the company "Optogan", CJSC "Svetlana-Optoelectronica" to develop, taking into account the recommendation of the MCO 127 methods for controlling the parameters of LEDs and LED light sources, which were subsequently included in the projects of GOST R “Electric light sources. Methods for determining light and electrical parameters ", GOST R" Electrical light sources. Methods for Determining Spectral and Color Characteristics ". These GOST R projects are currently at the stage of examination.
Specialists of the State Unitary Enterprise RM "NIIIS named after A. N. Lodygin" photometry not only electric LED light sources, they have also mastered the measurement of photoluminescent evacuation systems, the main lighting parameter of which is brightness. For its assessment, in 2012, an LS-100 Konica Minolta luminance meter was purchased, which makes it possible to estimate the brightness value from 1 cd / m2 and higher. The specified device also allows measuring the brightness of LED lamps and light sources.
LED Product Certification
From February 15, 2013, the CU TR 004/2011 was put into effect, developed in accordance with the Agreement on common principles and rules of technical regulation in the Republics of Belarus and Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation dated November 18, 2010 with the aim of establishing the Customs Union on a single customs territory uniform mandatory requirements for the application and implementation of requirements for low-voltage equipment (BUT), ensuring the free movement of BUT released into circulation in the common customs territory of the Customs Union.
If other technical regulations of the Customs Union are adopted in relation to the NUT, establishing the requirements for it, then the NUT must comply with the requirements of these technical regulations of the Customs Union, which apply to it. For example, these include the Technical Regulations of the CU "Electromagnetic Compatibility of Technical Means" (TR CU 020/2011), approved by By the decision of the Customs Union Commission dated December 9, 2011 No. 879.
BUT includes electrical equipment designed for use at a rated voltage of 50-1000 V (inclusive) AC and 75-1500 V (inclusive) DC.
The list of NUTs subject to confirmation of conformity in the form of certification in accordance with TR CU 004/2011 includes light equipment and light sources, including LED.
Thus, confirmation of conformity (certification) of light equipment and light sources in the Customs Union will be carried out in accordance with:
The standards for LED bulbs and modules have been listed above. The list of standards from [,], which establish safety requirements for the most common LED luminaires:
- STB IEC 60598-1-2008 "Luminaires. Part 1. General requirements and test methods ";
- GOST IEC 60598-2-1-2011 "Lamps. Part 2. Particular requirements. Section 1. Stationary luminaires for general use ";
- STB IEC 598-2-1-99 "Lamps. Part 2. Particular requirements. Section 1. Stationary luminaires for general use ";
- GOST R IEC 598-2-1-97 “Lighting fixtures. Part 2. Particular requirements. Section 1. Stationary luminaires for general use ";
- STB IEC 60598-2-2-99 "Lamps. Part 2. Particular requirements. Section 2. Recessed luminaires ";
- GOST R IEC 60598-2-2-99 "Lamps. Part 2. Particular requirements. Section 2. Recessed luminaires ";
- STB IEC 60598-2-3-2009 "Luminaires. Part 2-3. Additional requirements for street and road lighting luminaires ”;
- GOST IEC 60598-2-5-2012 "Lamps. Part 2. Particular requirements. Section 5. Floodlights ";
- GOST R IEC 60598-2-5-99 "Lamps. Part 2. Particular requirements. Section 5. Floodlights ";
- STB IEC 60598-2-5-2002 "Lamps. Part 2. Particular requirements. Section 5. Floodlights ".
Table 2. Description of procedures in accordance with certification schemes
| Procedures | ||
| Scheme 1c | Scheme 3c | Scheme 4c |
| Submission by the applicant to the product certification body of an application for certification with the attached technical documentation | ||
| Consideration of the application and adoption by the product certification body of a decision to conduct product certification | ||
| Selection of samples by the certification body for testing | - | |
| Testing of product samples by an accredited testing laboratory | Testing of each product unit by an accredited testing laboratory | |
| Analysis of the state of production by the product certification body | - | - |
| Generalization by the product certification body of the test results and analysis of the state of production, issuance of a certificate of conformity to the applicant | Analysis of test results and issuance of a certificate of conformity to the applicant | |
| Marking of a batch of products with a single circulation mark | Application of a single sign of circulation | |
| Inspection control of certified products | - | - |
The registration of the certificate of conformity with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union is carried out in accordance with the document "Unified form of the certificate of conformity with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union and the rules for its registration", approved. By the decision of the Board of the Eurasian Economic Commission No. 293 dated December 25, 2012. Copies of the issued certificates of conformity, if necessary, are made by the applicant on A4 white paper (210 × 297 mm), certified by his signature and seal.
Forms of certificates are produced in the states - members of the Customs Union by printing method. At the same time, the typographic number of the form produced in the Republic of Belarus contains the designation "Series BY", in the Republic of Kazakhstan - "Series KZ", in the Russian Federation - "Series RU". Forms are filled out in Russian using electronic printing devices. If necessary, the name of the manufacturer, its location, including the actual address (except for the name of the state), and information about the product (type, brand, model, product number, etc.) can be indicated using the letters of the Latin alphabet. The reverse side of the certificate of conformity can be filled in the language of one of the member states of the Customs Union on a voluntary basis.
Certificates of compliance with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union are issued by certification bodies included in the Unified Register of Certification Bodies and Testing Laboratories (Centers) of the Customs Union. Tests for certification purposes are carried out by accredited testing laboratories (centers), also included in the Unified Register of the Customs Union.
Market rules
Lighting equipment is put into circulation on the market if it complies with TR CU 004/2011, as well as other technical regulations of the Customs Union, which apply to it, and provided that it has passed the confirmation of compliance with TR CU.
Equipment that meets the requirements of CU TR 004/2011 and has passed the confirmation of conformity must be marked with a single mark of product circulation on the market of the Customs Union member states, approved by the Decision of the Customs Union Commission of July 15, 2011 No. 711 (subject to changes approved by the Commission Decision Of the Customs Union dated September 23, 2011 No. 800) (Fig. 3).
Rice. 3. Image of a single sign of product circulation on the market of the Member States of the Customs Union
Lighting equipment, the compliance of which with the requirements of TR CU 004/2011 has not been confirmed, must not be marked with a single product circulation mark and must not be released into circulation on the Customs Union market. A certificate of conformity for the requirements of the Customs Union will be issued for a period of up to 5 years for serially manufactured products; for a batch (single product), the validity period of the certificate of conformity is not established.
During the transition to confirmation of compliance with the requirements of the CU TR, manufacturers will encounter some innovations in the procedure and problems, including:
- The need to acquire interstate standards and their implementation at enterprises.
- The need for certification of LED lighting products, which, prior to the introduction of the TR CU, was not subject to mandatory certification and for which the manufacturers received a voluntary certificate (street lamps, floodlights, LED lamps and modules) or sold without a certificate.
- Certification schemes for mass-produced products in accordance with TR CU provide for the mandatory analysis of the state of production or the presence of a certified quality management system, which will lead to an increase in the costs of certification for manufacturers that until now do not have a certified quality management system in accordance with the ISO 9000 series.
In addition, the tightening of the requirements of the Federal Accreditation Agency for certification bodies (OS) and testing laboratories (IL) will also indirectly affect market participants.
In October 2012, new accreditation criteria were established, and at present, instead of six criteria for IL, 94 criteria are presented, and 65 criteria are presented to CB instead of five. The purpose of establishing new criteria is to bring the organization of OS and IL work closer to the requirements of international standards.
One of the conditions for the inclusion of ILs in the Register of Laboratories of the Customs Union is the status of the laboratory, both technically competent and independent, that is, ILs created at manufacturing enterprises and accredited in the GOST R Certification System, if they want to continue their activities, will have to determine their legal status.
OS and IL, which often very cheaply issued certificates without proper tests, will either leave the market, or will be forced to carry out tests in full, and an increase in the actual labor intensity during testing in these IL will inevitably lead to an increase in testing costs and may lead to an increase the cost of certification services.
In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that today the process of introducing LED lighting is assuming a civilized form, that is, it is proceeding in a planned manner, although, perhaps, not as fast as we would like. The emergence of standards for LED products will create favorable conditions for the introduction of energy-efficient products based on LEDs into lighting systems. A positive moment is the growing domestic development of lamp designs, carrying out work on measuring and assessing the quality of products and issuing certificates confirming the quality and safety of LED products.
SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL AND PRODUCTION PROCESS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF PRIMARY PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Regulations
SanPiN 2.4.3.1186-03
(EXTRACT)
2.4.1. Daylight
2.4.1.1. Educational, educational and production, recreational, residential and other premises with a permanent stay of students have natural light.
Without natural light, it is allowed to design:
shell, washrooms, showers, toilets at the gym;
showers and restrooms for staff;
storerooms and warehouses (except for rooms for storing flammable liquids);
radio nodes;
cinema and photo laboratories;
book depositories;
boilers, pumping water supply systems and sewerage systems;
ventilation and air conditioning chambers;
control units and other premises for the installation and management of engineering and technological equipment of buildings;
premises for storing disinfectants.
Luminaires for educational rooms
Lamp power 36 W, 4500 K, 3200 lm, recessed.
Luminaire power 38 W, 5000 K, 3450 lm, built-in / overhead.
Lamp power 36 W, 4000 K, 3800 lm, built-in / overhead. Option - emergency block.
Lamp power 33 W, 4800 K, 2900 lm, IP54, recessed
2.4.1.2. The main system of natural lighting in classrooms is left-sided. The direction of the main light flux should not be in front and behind the students. If the depth of the classrooms is more than 6 meters, a right-side illumination is required.
In educational and production workshops, assembly and sports halls, lighting systems are used (side - one, two - and three-sided) and combined (top and side). The choice of the lighting system is determined by the nature of the visual work, the dimensions of the room and equipment, the peculiarities of the light climate, etc. For workshops with great depth - the best systems should be considered two-sided side and combined (in one- and two-story buildings).
The direction of light from the side windows to the work surface, as a rule, is left-handed. In locksmiths and lathes, the direction of light from the side windows to the right (this ensures the least shading from the body of the worker and the bulky left side of lathes).
2.4.1.3. In classrooms, the natural lighting coefficient (KEO) should be 1.5% at a distance of 1 m from the wall opposite to the light openings, in technical drawing rooms - 2.0%. In a sports hall with side lighting - 1.0%, with top and combined lighting - 3.0%.
2.4.1.4. In educational and production workshops and workplaces of students at enterprises, KEO is provided in accordance with the characteristics of visual work in accordance with the requirements for natural and artificial lighting. In rooms specially designed for work or industrial training of adolescents, the standardized value of KEO is increased by one category and must be at least 1.0%.
2.4.1.5. The unevenness of natural lighting in educational and industrial premises should not exceed 3: 1 (the ratio of the average KEO value to the smallest one within the characteristic section of the room). The orientation of the windows of classrooms should be on the southern, southeastern and eastern sides of the horizon. The windows of drawing rooms, drawing rooms, as well as the kitchen area can be oriented to the northern sides of the horizon; the orientation of the computer room is north, northeast.
2.4.1.6. The brightness ratio in the field of view should not exceed 3: 1 - between the notebook and the table surface, 10: 1 - between the notebook and the wall; 1: 3 between chalkboard and wall and 20: 1 between skylight and wall.
2.4.1.7. For painting and finishing the surfaces of the interior and equipment of classrooms and training and production workshops, diffuse-reflective materials of a light range of colors should be used: the ceiling and the upper part of the walls, doors and window frames are painted white, the walls - in light yellow, light blue , light pink, beige, light green colors with a reflection coefficient of at least 0.6 - 0.7; tables - in light green and natural wood colors - with a reflection coefficient of at least 0.5; blackboards - in dark brown or dark green colors with a reflection coefficient of at least 0.2; floor - in light colors with a reflection coefficient of 0.4 - 0.5.
Luminaires for school corridors and utility rooms
Luminaire power 15 W, 5000 K, 1750 Lm, built-in / surface-mounted, IP30. Option - emergency block.
Lamp power 18 W, 4000 K, 2100 lm, built-in / laid on.
Lamp power 32 W, 4000 K, 2800 lm, IP40, consignment note. Option - emergency block.
2.4.2.3. In classrooms, fluorescent lighting is provided (allowed by incandescent lamps). Fluorescent lamps LB should be used, lamps LHB, LETs can be used. Do not use fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps in the same room.
For general lighting of classrooms (classrooms, classrooms, laboratories), fluorescent lamps should be used: ЛСО02-2х40, LPO28-2х40, LPO02-2x40, LPO46-4х18-005, other lamps of the type given with similar lighting characteristics and design can be used ...
2.4.2.4. In classrooms, fluorescent lamps with ballasts (ballasts) with a particularly low noise level are used.
2.4.2.5. The required number of lamps and their placement in the room is determined by lighting calculations, taking into account the safety factor in accordance with the requirements for natural and artificial lighting.
In classrooms, luminaires with fluorescent lamps are placed parallel to the light-carrying wall at a distance of 1.2 m from the outer wall and 1.5 m from the inner one. The blackboard is equipped with spotlights and illuminated with two LPO-30-40-122 (125) lamps located 0.3 m above the upper edge of the board and 0.6 m in front of the board towards the class.
Provide for the separate inclusion of lamps or their individual groups (taking into account the arrangement of educational and technological equipment).
2.4.2.6. Working artificial lighting in training and production workshops and at enterprises are designed two systems: general (uniform and localized) and combined (local is added to the general).
2.4.2.7. When performing work of I-IV categories in the room, a combined lighting system should be used. The illumination of the working surface created by general lighting fixtures in the combined system must be at least 10% in accordance with the requirements for natural and artificial lighting.
For general lighting in a combined system, mainly fluorescent lamps should be used, regardless of the type of light source for local lighting. For local lighting, fluorescent or incandescent lamps should be used.
2.4.2.8. Illumination levels for certain types of work performed by adolescents are presented in Appendix 1.
2.4.2.9. The choice of a light source should be made taking into account the characteristics of visual work, the level of illumination, the requirements for color discrimination in accordance with the requirements for natural and artificial lighting.
2.4.2.10. For general and local lighting of industrial premises with specific environmental conditions (dusty, wet, explosive, fire hazardous, etc.), lamps are used in accordance with their purpose and lighting characteristics.
2.4.2.11. The unevenness of lighting (the ratio of the maximum illumination to the minimum) should not exceed 1.3 for works of I - III discharges with fluorescent lamps; with other light sources - 1.5; for works of IV - VII categories - 1.5 - 2.0, respectively. For industrial premises in which work of the I-IV categories are performed, it is necessary to provide for the limitation of the reflected gloss.
2.4.2.12. Dust cleaning of general lighting fixtures should be done at least 2 times a year; replacement of burnt-out lamps - as soon as they fail. Students are not involved in this work. Defective and burnt out fluorescent lamps are collected and stored until delivery in places inaccessible to students.
Lamp power 18 W, 4000 K, 2100 lm. It is mounted on a vertical surface using brackets.
Do you have any questions about coverage of educational institutions? Call us, we will be happy to answer all your questions.
What are the requirements for LED and fluorescent lamps (luminaires) used to organize lighting in public areas.
The most complete answer is contained in the letter of the Head of Rospotrebnadzor G. G. Onishchenko dated 01.10.2012 No. 01 / 11157-12-32 "On the organization of sanitary supervision over the use of energy-saving light sources."
The Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare informs that in accordance with Federal Law No. 261-ФЗ dated 23.11.2009 "On energy saving and energy efficiency and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation" from January 1 2011, electric incandescent lamps with a capacity of one hundred watts or more, which can be used in alternating current circuits for lighting purposes, are not allowed for circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation. From January 1, 2011, it is not allowed to place orders for the supply of electric incandescent lamps for state or municipal needs, which can be used in AC circuits for lighting purposes.
For the organization of general and local artificial lighting in public areas, it is recommended to use fluorescent and LED lamps as light sources.
On the Russian market, there are models of compact fluorescent lamps (hereinafter referred to as CFL) from more than 40 manufacturers, which differ in power, light characteristics, shapes, service life, size, price. The consumption of energy-saving lamps in the Russian Federation is constantly growing. The import of compact fluorescent lamps reached 107 million units in 2011. In connection with the development of modern energy-efficient light sources, including LEDs and lighting devices based on them, it is necessary to ensure hygienic lighting standards in institutions of general and primary vocational education and in children's health organizations.
The most pressing issue in the use of CFLs is still the problem of their disposal and safety of use. Each such lamp can contain up to 3-5 mg of mercury in its aggregate state in the form of vapors. Careless handling of used lamps is a hazard. A ruptured or damaged lamp bulb releases mercury vapors that can cause severe poisoning.
Currently, lamps using Amalgam technology are produced in the Russian Federation. In the composition of such a lamp, mercury is not in pure form (liquid and / or vaporous state), but in the form of an amalgam - a chemical solution of mercury in another metal, i.e. in a solid state of aggregation. When the amalgam is heated to 60 C above, mercury vapors are released and participate in the process of the lamp glowing. Such a technological solution excludes the ingress of mercury vapors into a room with room temperature if the integrity of the glass flask is violated.
In addition, CFLs are commercially available that are made in a silicone circuit over the lamp. The silicone gasket protects the tube and the bulb, acting as a drop shock absorber and limiting the spread of mercury.
To minimize contamination of enclosed spaces in case of damage to CFLs, it is recommended to use lamps made according to the specified technologies.
In addition to compact fluorescent lamps, LED lighting sources have been offered on the lighting equipment market of the Russian Federation since 2010, which have a number of advantages. LED bulbs are economical and have 80% less energy consumption than incandescent bulbs, and have high shock and vibration resistance. LED lamps have no gas filling, they hardly heat up, their service life can reach up to 100,000 hours. These lamps do not contain mercury, which makes them safe in terms of environmental pollution.
In order to determine the possibility of using LED lighting and LED lamps, the Research Institute of Hygiene and Health Protection of Children and Adolescents of the RAMS Institution of the Scientific Center of Children's Health of the RAMS with the participation of the staff of the State Enterprise Scientific and Technological Center for Unique Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy The studies of the psychophysiological effects of LED lighting and LED lamps on the human body were carried out in architecture and construction sciences.
The studies carried out have shown the possibility of using LED lighting and LED lamps in residential and public buildings.
In this regard, educational authorities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, educational and children's health organizations, design organizations must be notified of the possibility of ensuring the hygienic standards of illumination established by SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for conditions and organization of training in educational institutions ", SanPiN 2.4.3.1186-03" Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of the educational and production process in educational institutions of primary vocational education "and SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1278-03" Hygienic requirements for natural, artificial and combined lighting of residential and public buildings ", in institutions of general and primary vocational education, as well as in children's health institutions, through the use of LED light sources and lighting devices based on them, subject to a number of conditions. When used in general lighting systems in public buildings and in the educational process, LED luminaires must comply with a number of qualitative and quantitative indicators of lighting.
- The conditional protective angle of the luminaires must be at least 90 °. This parameter imposes requirements on the design features of lighting fixtures to limit the glare of LED lamps and is measured with a protractor and a square. 2. The overall brightness of the luminaires should not exceed 5000 cd / m2. Due to the fact that the overall brightness of open LEDs is extremely high, it is impossible to use a luminaire with open LEDs for general room lighting. Lighting fixtures should include effective diffusers that reduce the overall brightness to the above values. The specified parameter is measured by a luminance meter.
- The permissible uneven brightness of the outlet of the luminaires Lmax: Lmin should be no more than 5: 1. It can be estimated after measurements with a luminance meter, as the ratio of the maximum measured brightness to the minimum.
- The color correlated temperature of white light LEDs should not exceed 4000 ° K. You can estimate the color temperature of an LED source by marking on the base or packaging of the lamp. Color temperature is the temperature of a black body (Planck's emitter) at which its radiation has the same chromaticity as the radiation of the object in question. It determines the color tone (warm, neutral or cold) of the space illuminated by these sources.
- It is not recommended to use LEDs with a power of more than 0.3 W in lighting installations. The power of the mounted LEDs is indicated in the lamp marking located on the base or on the package.
In the passport data for luminaires with LEDs intended for installations of general and local lighting in institutions of general and primary vocational education, information on the size of the overall brightness, the unevenness of brightness along the outlet of the lamp and the value of the color correlated temperature should be indicated.
When carrying out supervisory activities, the attention of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs should be drawn to the need for timeliness, completeness and reliability of the implementation of production control over the fulfillment of the requirements for general, local and combined lighting in buildings and premises.
Head G.G. Onishchenko
What kind of LED lamps for schools and preschool educational institutions.
Requirements for lamps for the school, features in brief:
fixtures:
- color temperature no more than 4000 Kelvin
- diffusers that reduce the overall brightness to 5000 cd / m2
- It is not recommended to use LEDs with a power of more than 0.3 W in lighting installations.
illumination:
- illumination standard E for classrooms 500 lux
- color rendering coefficient CRI not less than 80
- uniformity of illumination U not less than 0.60
- discomfort of gloss UGR no more than 40
- ripple coefficient no more than 10%
in more detail:
"Heads of Departments
Rospotrebnadzor by subjects
Russian Federation,
on the railway
transport
Ref. No. 01 / 11157-12-32 dated 01.10.2012
On the organization of sanitary supervision over the use of energy-saving
light sources
Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare
informs that in accordance with the Federal Law of 23.11.2009 No. 261-FZ "On
energy saving and energy efficiency improvement and amendments to
certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation "from January 1, 2011 to turnover by
electric incandescent lamps are not allowed on the territory of the Russian Federation
power of one hundred watts or more, which can be used in alternating current circuits in
lighting purposes. Orders for deliveries are not allowed from 1 January 2011
electric incandescent lamps for state or municipal needs, which may
be used in AC circuits for lighting purposes.
For the organization of general and local artificial lighting in public areas
it is recommended to use fluorescent and LED light sources
lamps.
Models of compact fluorescent lamps (hereinafter - CFL) are presented on the Russian market
more than 40 manufacturers, which differ in power, light characteristics,
forms, service life, size, price. The volume of consumption of energy-saving lamps in
The Russian Federation is constantly growing. The import of compact fluorescent lamps reached 107 million units in 2011.
In connection with the development of modern energy efficient light sources, including
LEDs and lighting devices based on them, it is necessary to ensure hygienic
lighting standards in institutions of general and primary vocational education and in
children's health organizations.
The most pressing issue in the use of CFLs is still the problem of their disposal.
and safety of use. Each such lamp can contain up to 3-5 mg of mercury,
being in an aggregate state in the form of vapors. The danger is sloppy
handling of used lamps. Broken or damaged bulb
releases mercury vapors that can cause severe poisoning.
Currently, lamps are produced on the territory of the Russian Federation using
Amalgam technology. In the composition of such a lamp, mercury is not in pure form (liquid and / or
vaporous state), and in the form of an amalgam - a chemical solution of mercury in another metal,
those. in a solid state of aggregation. When heating amalgam to 60 ° C and above, mercury vapor
are released and participate in the lamp glow process. Such a technological solution
excludes the ingress of mercury vapors into a room with room temperature in case of violation
the integrity of the glass bulb.
In addition, CFLs are commercially available that are made in a silicone circuit over the lamp.
Silicone gasket protects the tube and the bulb, being a shock absorber when dropped,
limits the spread of mercury.
To minimize contamination of enclosed spaces in the event of damage to CFLs, it is recommended
use lamps made according to the indicated technologies.
In addition to compact fluorescent lamps in the lighting equipment market of the Russian
The Federation has been offering LED lighting sources since 2010, which have a number of
benefits. LED bulbs are economical and have 80% less power consumption than
for incandescent lamps, they have high shock and vibration resistance. In LED
lamps are not gas-filled, they hardly heat up, their service life can reach
up to 100,000 hours. These lamps do not contain mercury, which makes them safe in terms of
environmental pollution.
In order to determine the possibility of using LED lighting and LED
lamps Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene and Health Protection of Children and Adolescents Institutions of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences FGBU
"Scientific Center of Children's Health" of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences with the participation of employees of the State Enterprise "Scientific and Technological
Center for Unique Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences "and the Research Institute of Construction
physicists of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences conducted research
psychophysiological impact of LED lighting and LED lamps on
human organism.
Studies have shown the possibility of using LED lighting and
LED lamps in residential and public buildings.
In this regard, educational authorities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation,
legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, educational and children's
health organizations, design organizations should be notified of the possibility
ensuring hygienic standards of illumination established by SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10
"Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for the Conditions and Organization of Training in
educational institutions ", SanPiN 2.4.3.1186-03" Sanitary and epidemiological
requirements for the organization of the educational and production process in educational institutions
primary vocational education "and SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1278-03" Hygienic
requirements for natural, artificial and combined lighting of residential and public
buildings ", in institutions of general and primary vocational education, as well as in
children's health institutions, through the use of LED light sources and
lighting devices based on them, subject to a number of conditions.
When used in general lighting systems in public buildings and in
educational process, lamps with LEDs must correspond to a number of high-quality and
quantitative indicators of lighting.
1. Conditional protective the angle of the luminaires must be at least 90 °... Specified parameter
makes requirements for the design features of lighting fixtures for
limiting the glare of LED lamps and is measured with a protractor and a square.
2. The overall brightness of the luminaires should not exceed 5000 cd / m2. Due to the fact that
the overall brightness of open LEDs is extremely high, use a luminaire with
open LEDs for general room lighting are not allowed. Lighting fixtures
should include effective diffusers that reduce overall brightness before
the above values. The specified parameter is measured by a luminance meter.
3. Permissible uneven brightness of the luminaire outlet opening Lmax: Lmin should
be no more than 5: 1. It can be estimated after measurements with a luminance meter as the ratio
maximum measured brightness to minimum.
4. Color correlated temperature of white light LEDs should not exceed
4000 ° C... You can estimate the color temperature of the LED source by the marking on the base
or lamp packaging.
Color temperature is the temperature of a black body (Planck emitter) at which its
the radiation has the same chromaticity as the radiation of the object under consideration. She defines
the color tone (warm, neutral or cold) illuminated by these sources
space.
In the passport data for luminaires with LEDs intended for installations with a general
and local coverage in institutions of general and primary vocational education,
information on the size of the overall brightness, brightness unevenness according to
the outlet of the luminaire and the value of the color correlated temperature.
When carrying out supervisory activities, the attention of legal entities and
individual entrepreneurs on the need for timeliness, completeness and
reliability of production control over the fulfillment of requirements,
applied to general, local and combined lighting in buildings and premises.
