It is impossible to operate any communications without shutoff valves, because it is with its help that the flow of the working medium moving through pipelines (gas, steam, water, oil, etc.) is controlled.
Most often, valves are made using bronze, brass, steel or cast iron. As its main characteristics, attention is paid to the diameter of the pipeline for which it is intended and the value of max overpressure at a temperature of the pumped medium of +20 degrees.
The crane is a typical representative of the locking equipment. It is a unit that performs shut-off and control functions by sealing the through hole in the body. Sealing is carried out by a shut-off element of the valve design, which is made in the form of a body of rotation.
Crane classification
There are different signs of the classification of cranes, which is due to the variety of tasks solved with their help, as well as differences in design.
According to the type of pumped substance, the valves are divided into:
- liquid (this group includes all water taps);
- gas.
According to the number of nozzles and the direction of the displaced flow:
- multi-pass;
- three-way;
- corner;
- walk-throughs.
By the absence or presence of narrowing of the passage:
- standard bore (having a narrowed passage);
- full bore.
By the nature of the shutter movement:
- with the extraction (lifting) of the shutter;
- with the shutter rotating without lifting it.
Shutter shape:
- needle;
- cylindrical;
- conical;
- ball.
Drive type:
- with hydraulic drive;
- with electric drive;
- manual;
- with pneumatic drive.
Water taps
In water supply systems, faucets with ball or cone valves are most often used. In connection with the emergence of new structural materials and technologies, ball valves are becoming more and more in demand.
Ball valves are called ball valves, the locking plug of which is made in the form of a sphere with a hole for the passage of liquid or its overlap.
Ball valves are currently subdivided according to the method of their attachment to the main line into flanged and coupling.
Union ball valve
Manufacturers offer similar products in three versions:
- single-body crane (monolithic) - is the most inexpensive option;
- two-piece - consists of a coupling and a housing, is the most popular;
- three-piece (collapsible) - the most convenient for self-repair.
Advantages of a coupling ball valve: low weight, reasonable price, long service life, compact dimensions, does not require maintenance, the design is universal and reliable, it can be installed in any position, it has low hydraulic resistance, the flow is hermetically blocked, water can be supplied through it in any direction, provides a quick shutdown of the highway.
Disadvantages of the model:
- to block the channel in manual mode, you need to use a long lever, in automatic mode - expensive electric drives;
- a sharp opening of the line can provoke a water hammer;
- such models are forbidden to be used in heating systems in cases where the diameter of the pipeline is more than 100 mm, the pressure in the pipe is more than 16 bar and the temperature is above 100 degrees.
Flanged ball valve
It is used in cases where the coupling valve is prohibited for technical reasons.
Ball valve design
The general arrangement of a ball valve provides for the following structural elements:
- The body is made in two versions: collapsible or solid. The latter option cannot be repaired, therefore, in the event of failure, such a crane is simply thrown away.
- The ball for the specified type of cranes is carried out in a floating or in a fixed form. The diameter of the passage opening in it is made equal to or less than the diameter of the crane itself.
- The spindle is movable, serving to turn the locking part.
- Removable handle.
- The seal between the body and the polished ball is made using PTFE end rings.
Marking of ball valves
These products are marked in accordance with the requirements of the 52760-2007 standard. The specified GOST R of Rostekhregulirovaniya approved by its order No. 264-st, which is dated 10/18/07. Marking is applied on a special plate or directly on the valve body.
The label includes the following information:
- nominal diameter (conditional passage) - DN is the inner diameter of the pipes (except for plastic pipes, in which the outer diameter is considered nominal);
- nominal pressure - PN - excess pressure of the conveyed medium (constant), compliance with which allows the pipeline assembly to be operated throughout the entire declared service life at a temperature of 20 degrees;
- the name of the material from which the case is made;
- medium movement direction arrow;
- operating temperature range or maximum allowable temperature;
- the value of the calculated (working) pressure;
- Release date.
According to the same standard, a certain color of the shut-off and control valves is established.
Cone cranes, their advantages and disadvantages
Cranes of the specified models have a conical regulating locking element. Unlike ball valves, the through hole in it has a trapezoidal shape. The inner surface of the valve body itself is used as a saddle.
The complexity of the technical execution of these models is due to the fact that it is necessary to simultaneously implement difficult-to-combine conditions in them: to ensure smooth and free rotation of the plug without scoring the contact surfaces and jamming, and at the same time create a sealed and tight contact between the body and the plug.
These models are practically not used with pneumatic and electric drives, because. it is very difficult to manufacture such a crane, which can be adjusted to a specific amount of turning force. These cranes have only a mechanical drive.
According to the method of sealing implemented in the design, these valves are divided into tension and gland valves.
In addition, they are usually subdivided according to a number of design features:
- test-bleed valves - used for sampling when monitoring the presence of a medium, etc.;
- with heating;
- with cork lifting;
- with lubricant.
Valve type taps
These products are sometimes referred to as check valves or valves. In their design, the overlapping of the displaced flow is carried out by a smooth supply of the rod towards the seat, which occurs reciprocating along the central axis. The running thread has the property of self-braking, which allows you to stop the crane in any required position. This aids in the control of feed volumes.
Existing models of valve valves are divided according to the following parameters:
- hull design: through passage; corner; straight-through;
- sealing method: bellows, gland;
- thread location: submersible; remote;
- used shut-off organ: diaphragm; membrane.
Scopes of valve cranes depend on their modifications.
Most commonly used faucets
By type, they are divided into five large groups:
- Cranes are single-valve.
- Two-valve devices (mixers).
- Single-lever devices (ball mixers).
- Appliances equipped with a thermostat (faucets).
- Sensor taps (equipped with a photocell).
In the context of talking about taps, one should correctly distinguish between such concepts as “faucet” and “faucet”. Devices that regulate the flow of water in pipelines or block them are taps. Devices in which cold and hot water supplied to them are mixed - mixers. The latter can control not only the flow of water, but also its temperature. The main constructive difference between the devices mentioned above is the design of levers and locking mechanisms.
The right choice of a faucet can only be made when the buyer has at least a primary understanding of the device and principles of operation of commercially available faucets and faucets, and also clearly understands for what purposes it will be used, with what intensity and on what highways.
Ball valves: technical specifications
If you decide to replace heating radiators, install plumbing or simply water or gas meters, then you will simply need to buy a ball valve or valve.
But first you need to decide on the technical characteristics of the product, the methods of destination, the material of manufacture, the main types and differences of ball valves for plumbing, heating, dimensions.
Why is this type of valve called ball valve?
If you take the faucet in your hands and turn the handle of the faucet, then inside it you will see a steel valve made in the form of a ball with a hole. When the tap is opened, the valve rotates, allowing free passage for the flow of water or gas. In the closed state, the “ball” is turned perpendicular to the flow, which completely blocks its movement.
ball valve
Types of ball valves or valves, their differences, dimensions and specifications
Ball valves differ in the diameter of the internal passage, the type of thread (internal or external), working pressure, the material from which they are made, the manufacturer of the product and the environment of use.
The diameter or size of the ball valve used in the installation of a water and gas pipeline is different. Most often, ball valves with an internal passage diameter of 1/2 inch or 3/4 inch are used, which corresponds to 15 mm, 20 mm or 25 mm. Less commonly used pipes and taps with a diameter equal to 1 inch, 1 1/4 inches, 1 1/2 or 2 inches.
For example, in an apartment or a private house for cold and hot water supply, it will be enough to install a half-inch 1/2 ball valve, because. The diameter of the pipe always corresponds to the diameter of the faucet. For a heating system, if there is a circulation pump in it, a 3/4 inch diameter pipe and, accordingly, ball valves of the same diameter are sufficient.
If the heating system will have a natural circulation of the coolant, then it is reasonable to use pipes and taps of a larger diameter. This indicator should be at least 40-50 mm.
The diameter of a ball valve is usually indicated on the valve itself. The symbol indicating these specifications is DN. For example, the designation DN15 shows us that this ball valve has a nominal diameter of the internal passage equal to 15 mm or 1/2 inch.
Ball valves are distinguished by the type of thread. It is either internal or external. In plumbing slang, an internal thread is called a nut, and an external thread is called a fitting. For example, a ball valve having an internal thread at both ends is called a “nut-nut” ball valve. If, on the one hand, it is internal, and on the other it is external, then the “nut-fitting”, etc.
The next indicator is the working pressure, i.e., the pressure inside the system, to the limit of which the ball valve can be used. It is measured in atmospheres, and on the product itself it is designated under the PN symbol.
For example, the designation PN40 indicates that the valve can be used in systems with a maximum working pressure of up to 40 atmospheres. In practice, ball valves with an index of at least PN16 can even be used in central heating systems, for example, to connect heating radiators, gas or.
Ball valves Valtec and Bugatti
Ball valve material
It can be silumin, brass or nickel-plated brass. In no case do not buy faucets made of silumin. It is a rather brittle alloy. A crane made of this material may fall apart even before it is used during installation.
You can distinguish a silumin faucet from a brass faucet by taking both products in your hands and comparing their weight. A faucet made of brass will be noticeably heavier.
Scope of ball valves
Typically, this type of faucet is used to shut off the flow of water or gas. How to distinguish a ball valve for gas and water by appearance? Everything is simple here - a faucet with a yellow lever or a “butterfly” is designed for a gas pipeline, faucets of any other colors are for cold or hot water supply, or heating.
Ball valve manufacturers
There are many different manufacturers on the market today. We recommend buying quality ball valves from well-known, trusted brands such as Bugatti or Valtec.
If the price of the products of these brands seems high to you, then you can purchase valves of domestic Russian manufacturers, for example, ball coupling valves 11b27p1 (GOST) of the Bologovsky Valve Plant have proven themselves well since Soviet times, have good technical characteristics, in addition, the price of their production is low.
But beware of fakes, buy goods in company stores.
Ball valve (KSh)- general industrial pipeline valves in the design of which a ball valve made of high-quality steel is used. Modern technologies for the production of sealing materials have given a sharp impetus to the improvement of valve designs, this also made it possible to use ball valves on high-pressure pipelines up to 16 MPa (160 kg/cm). Ball valves of large diameters successfully compete with gate valves and butterfly valves, and have found application in the food, agro-industrial, gas-industrial and oil industries. It so happened that this type of valves is considered one of the most demanded by installers of pipeline valves, since it has many advantages.
- Small construction dimensions - the compactness of the ball valve, which simplifies installation.
- The relatively light weight of the valves reduces the load on the pipeline.
- Crane shutter control speed, almost in one motion.
- The choice of execution option practically for any operating conditions from steel to corrosion-proof KSh.
- Reliable, virtually maintenance free.
The increased hydraulic resistance of the valve shutter is a little embarrassing. Steel gate valves win in this regard, but you must admit - convenient operation, compactness, ease of operation, aesthetic appearance, all these factors make ball valves more and more popular with the consumer.
Designations of ball valves.
The diameter of ball valves is Du or Dn, this is the standard designation of the conditional passage, generally accepted for shutoff valves. For example, the diameter can reach 1200 millimeters, abbreviated as KSh Du1200. Different countries apply different DN standards. Standard diameters of the most popular ball valves in Russia in millimeters: 6, 10, 15, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 65, 80, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400 ... and up to 1200 The most used on pipelines KSh Du from 15 to 50 mm.
The nominal pressure of the passage media for the valve is standardly denoted by Ru or Pn, for example, Ru160 kg / cm or Pn16 MPa.
The type of valve may differ in connection to the pipeline and control of the gate; KSh manufacturers usually designate short designations with an additional letter, for example, KShF - a flanged ball valve. Well, the full designation looks something like this: KSHF Du100 Ru16.
Ball valves catalog
Catalog of ball valves - steel, cold-resistant, stainless steel valves PN up to 160kg / cm, by connection, which can be ordered from our company.
The presented types of cranes are available in the warehouse of our company at manufacturers' prices with certificates and product passports.
Steel ball valves
For uninterrupted flow control on pipelines for different regions of our country, steel cranes are manufactured in various climatic versions for installation outdoors, under sheds and indoors. The main versions are U, HL, UHL, the bulk is made by manufacturers from carbon steel St20 according to U1, this is with regard to body parts. Cold-resistant cranes are also made - from steel 09G2S that does not change its properties up to -60 degrees Celsius. Stainless faucets are made of high quality 12X1810T stainless steel, and less often, on special order, they are made of acid-resistant steel.
Our company is a manufacturer and representative of the plant manufacturer of steel ksh RosService. All crane bodies are produced in a repairable and non-separable version.
RosService manufactures steel, two or three-piece, demountable repairable ball valves for pipelines with media pressure up to 16 MPa, DN from 15 to 200 mm. Read more: cranes RosService
The company "RosService" produces all-welded steel ball valves DN from 15 to 300 mm, PN up to 4.0 MPa, the valve body is made by welding - non-separable valves. Read more: RosService cranes - marking, general description, materials of the main parts.
Steel valves compare favorably in their price with analogs made of brass, bronze and other expensive alloys, which has made them popular today for complex installation on newly designed pipelines. In addition, choosing steel cranes, you save on your budget. Of course, there is an unfavorable moment - corrosion, but if a steel crane is mounted on a new pipeline and is selected according to the material according to the materials of the pipeline, then in fact the crane will serve you until the pipeline is dismantled and replaced. The presented steel ball valves comply with Russian GOSTs for connecting parts.
| Table Du to pipe diameter (all-welded steel cranes RosServis) | ||
| DN, (mm) | Nozzle diameter / pipe wall thickness (mm) | GOST |
| 15 | 21,3 / 2,8 | 3262 |
| 20 | 26,8 / 2,8 | 3262 |
| 25 | 33,5 / 3,2 | 3262 |
| 32 | 38 / 4 | 10705 |
| 40 | 48 / 3,5 | 10705 |
| 50 | 57 / 3,5 | 10705 |
| 65 | 76 /4 | 10705 |
| 80 | 89 / 4 | 10705 |
| 100 | 108 / 5 | 10705 |
| 125 | 133 / 5 | 10705/8731 |
| 150 | 159 / 6 | 10705/8731 |
| 200 | 219 / 6 | 10705/8731 |
| 250 | 273 / 8 | 10705/8731 |
| 300 | 325 / 8 | 10705/8731 |
If an acceptable cost of KSh is important to you, then the price of steel ball valves is the best option.
Technical characteristics of ball valves
The characteristics of valves depend on the materials used for the manufacture of ball valve parts, compliance with production technologies and the use of modern equipment in the production. As a result, the performance of materials of execution is higher, more opportunities for operation in the environment and a variety of compositions of throughput media. Briefly about the main characteristics of KSh for operation in the environment in different climatic conditions, designations: U - temperate climate, HL - temperate and cold, UHL - moderate, cold and acid-resistant. Also, the durability of operation depends on the quality and characteristics of the sealing materials of the ball valve and the valve stem.
,Technical differences of ball valves:
- According to the materials of steel from which the body and moving parts of the crane are made - brass, steel, stainless, cold-resistant. The main element of the faucet is the ball valve in most types of stainless steel faucets.
- According to maintainability - collapsible or non-collapsible (all-welded).
- Along the passage - incomplete bore (reduced) and full bore.
- For operation in the environment - climatic version U, HL, UHL, T.
- By interaction with working media - for water and steam, for gas mixtures, acid resistance.
Ball valve control:
- Manual control - handle or flywheel control element of the crane Du from 15mm.
- Gear control - in the control of the shutter, a manual gearbox is used for ball valves DN from 50 mm.
- KSH with electric drive - for large diameter pipelines, the electromechanical drive of the ball valve Du from 50 to 300 mm, allows you to automate flow control on the pipeline.
- KSh with pneumatic drive - a drive for controlling the shutter on compressed air.
For your convenience, we suggest using the questionnaire on the site for the characteristics of ball valves - a form for selecting and ordering a ball valve
Ball valve design
Ball valves, regardless of the type of body and connection to the pipeline, have one thing in common in their design and name - this is a ball-shaped valve in a seat with sealing rings.
- The design consists of four main parts.
- Fixed part of the ball valve - body (collapsible or all-welded)
- The movable part, the valve gate is a ball with a through hole and a control rod.
- The sealing elements of the ball valve and stem are rings and gaskets made of fluoroplast or other sealing material.
- Control mechanism - handle or flywheel, gearbox, pneumatic drive or electric drive
Now, in most cases, a ½ "inch ball valve and its other modifications are used as shut-off valves.
Thanks to such modern materials as fluoroplastic and rubber, these types of ball valves have gained well-deserved popularity due to the simplicity of their design.
Device Features
A ball valve is a locking device that is widely used both in everyday life and in production.
The product received this designation because its shut-off and control element is made in the shape of a sphere.
The dimensions of the ball valve may vary, and directly depend on the features of a particular model.
In addition, the size of small ball valves has been significantly reduced compared to models that were common several decades ago. This became possible due to the improvement of the design.
Now models such as the ½" ball valve and the ¾" ball valve, despite the different designation of the connecting thread, are presented as one of the most important components of the plumbing system.
A 1-inch ball valve (working diameter value), like its other counterparts, has a number of design features.
The product is designed and assembled with a focus on the impact of large volumes of working fluid, which will constantly pass through it.
In addition, the technical characteristics of the ball valve fully comply with all operational requirements.
An almost continuous flow of hot water, which is under high pressure, can pass through the product.
Internally, the device and features of the functioning of the ball valve are not very complicated. Thanks to extremely simple design solutions, this type of valves can function properly for a long time.
Product design
A ball valve consists of a body and a locking element located inside it - a ball. The locking element is fixed on the inner holders in such a way that it can rotate through 90 degrees.
The ball mechanism is connected directly to the handle, and in some cases through a coupling connection.
When the handle is moved by the user, there is a blockage or opening of access to the flow of the working environment inside the device. The ball has a technical hole. Fluid flows through it.
In the event that the unit is open, this hole goes into a position parallel to the water flow. When the ball rotates in the opposite direction, the water supply is blocked.
The ball valve consists of the following parts:
- Corps. Inside it is a ball mechanism;
- twisted part. It provides, if necessary, quick access to the internal parts of the product. There are also non-separable models - repair in such cases is impossible;
- Working body. This is, in fact, the swivel ball itself. It has a hole that fully corresponds to the size of the through diameter of the product;
- Seals surrounding the ball and made of various materials with sealing properties;
- drive rod. It is also equipped with seals and facilitates the transfer of force from the control knob to the ball;
- control lever.
Dimensions and Specifications
Before you buy this kind of valves, you should take into account the sizes of ball valves in inches or mm.
The sizes of ball valves for water (yes, by the way, for other media too) are classified primarily by the diameter of the internal passage (this is an inch or mm).
In addition, fittings may differ depending on the type of thread, operating pressure indicators, and others.
The dimensions of the v3000 ball valve in 1 inch, as well as such values as 1 ¼ inch, 1 ½, indicate infrequent use of this type of product.
In the vast majority of cases, those products with an internal passage diameter of 15 mm, 30 mm or 25 mm are very popular.
These figures correspond to the inch equivalent - ½, ¾ inch or 1 inch. In most cases, for domestic purposes, a valve with a diameter of ½ inch is used to provide hot and cold water.
In those heating systems where a circulation pump is used, a tap size with a working diameter of 1 inch is suitable.
In the event that the system is based on the action of the natural circulation of the working medium, pipes and devices with a large size - 40-50 mm are used.
The price of a DN50 ball valve is somewhat different from the cost of similar products, due to the improved strength characteristics of the body.
The technical characteristics of ball valves depend on such an indicator as diameter. This characteristic is applied to the body of the product and is designated as DN.
That is, with a value of DN15, it is known that the valve has a nominal diameter size of 15 mm, which corresponds to ½ inch.
Another characteristic is the indicator of working pressure. It means the pressure power of the working medium inside the system. This characteristic is referred to as PN.
Product marking
The marking of ball valves fully complies with the requirements of GOST R 52760. It must be applied to a prominent part of the body or a special plate firmly fixed to the product.
The ball valve marking consists of:
- Nominal passage (nominal diameter) - DN;
- Nominal pressure values - PN;
- The material from which the case is made;
- An arrow indicating the exact direction of the transported flow of the working fluid;
- The values of the maximum operating temperature or the values of the range of permissible temperatures;
- Design and operating pressure values;
- Date of manufacture of the locking device.
How to install a ball valve? (video)
About the cost of products
The price of ball valves can depend on a number of factors. Much depends on the manufacturer, technical characteristics, the material from which the product is made.
- Ball valve, Neptune, ¾":
- Nominal pressure: up to 4.0 bar;
- Working medium: water;
- Temperature: from -10 to +50ºС;
- Material: steel;
- The price of a ball valve ¾ of this manufacturer: $ 2.5-3.
Ball valve, Valtec, ½":
- Nominal pressure: up to 5.0 bar;
- Working environment: gas;
- Temperature: from -20 to +60ºС;
- Material: Nickel-plated brass;
- Price: 2-3.5 $.
Ball valve, SD, ½":
- Nominal pressure: up to 6.0 bar;
- Working medium: water;
- Temperature: from -25 to +70ºС;
- Material: cast iron;
- The price of a ball valve ½ of this manufacturer: $ 3-3.2.
As for products with large sizes - and their cost, of course, will be slightly higher. For example, the price of a 2 inch ball valve (Bugatti) will be $30. Models of less well-known manufacturers with a size of 1 inch are around $20.
Now the market has a lot of offers from various manufacturers. Among this “bouquet” of the assortment, it is increasingly difficult to find out which one corresponds to the price / quality category.
Today we will remove a lot of white spots that relate to the marking of ball valves.
First of all, you need to understand what size the product is.
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| Ball valve size designation DN- nominal diameter - this designation determines the size of pipe fittings. The nominal diameter is accepted for all elements of pipelines (mainly metal). Nominal diameters for ball valves are defined in DSTU GOST 28338:2008 “Pipeline connections and fittings. Conditional passages (nominal dimensions)”. Previously, the diameter of the crane was indicated by the conditional value Du. ½"
- often the size of the crane is also duplicated in inches. On small diameters, the strokes indicating inches may be omitted. |
PN- nominal pressure - this is the maximum pressure of the working medium with a temperature of 20 ° C, at which a continuous product, and in this case a ball valve, is permissible. Designation PN came to replace the conditional pressure Pu.
Ball valve importing plants in the United States of America apply additional pressure markings to their products -WOG and WSP(sometimes SWP).
Sign WOG- shows that the valve can be installed in different systems, with different working media: water ( Water ), oil (Oil), gas (Gas). And denotes the maximum working pressure of water vapor at 100° F . Marked in units of measure psi (pound force per square inch). For example, 400 WOG.
This standard can be equated to European:
400 WOG - PN 30
600 WOG - PN 40
1000 WOG - PN 63
1500 WOG - PN 100
WSP(Working Steam Pressure) — indicates the water vapor pressure and reflects the maximum nominal pressure level for the faucet at the highest temperature. Marked as the previous parameter - 150 WSP (sometimes CWP).
In simple terms, WOG and WSP are pressure values for low and high temperatures. A valve rated for 600WOG / 150WSP must withstand 600 psi in a water or gas pipe and 150 psi when installed in a steam system. The WOG value is always higher.
Another type of marking related to pressure is MPA.
PN analogue . Measured in bars. Used for gas fittings. Designation MOP5 - indicates that the maximum operating pressure of the ball valve is 5 bar.
From what material the crane body is made, the following marking makes it clear.
FROMW617 N— marking of the body material. CW 617 N – brand of brass according to the European standard EN 12165.
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| Production date mark |
05/11 - designation of the time when the crane was released. The first number shows the month, the second - the year. This marking is important from the point of view of quality control of manufactured serial products.
MadeinItaly- the place where the product was produced. It is this "verbatim" marking that indicates the place of origin of the ball valve.
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| Country of manufacture marking |
No other designation, even " ITALY ", does not mean that the ball valve has Italian roots (for example).
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| The inscription "ITALY" on the ball valve |
Sometimes signs of various standards are applied. Let's consider the main ones.
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Sign UL Listed
The standard comes from the USA. UL issued in Underwriters Laboratories.The presence of this mark indicates that the product has been tested by a national testing laboratory and meets the requirements of product safety standards.
