What news on housing and communal services in the year. The main provisions of the law on rent. New lines in payment orders

>>> Temperature on Mars

What is the temperature on Mars: meaning day and night, summer and winter. Find out the average temperature of the atmosphere and surface of Mars, climate description and research.

The red planet is located farther from the Sun than the Earth, so the planet gets less heat. More precisely, this is an extremely cool place. An exception occurs only in the summer. But even at this time temperature on Mars falls below 0 ° C. In summer, the Red Planet can warm up to 20 ° C, while at night the temperature drops to -90 ° C.

Mars travels in an elliptical path, so the surface temperature is constantly changing, but not significantly. On an axial tilt of 25.19 degrees, it resembles the Earth's (26.27), which means it has seasons. Let's add here a thin atmospheric layer and understand why the planet cannot save at least minimal heating. The atmosphere is 96% carbon dioxide. If it were denser, then a greenhouse effect would form and we got a second Venus.

How did the temperature change on Mars?

What about the past? Mars rovers and probes are showing areas of erosion that liquid water could have caused. This hints that Mars was previously not only warm, but also humid. However, the Red Planet has been dry and frosty for 3 billion years. Some believe that the cooling process started 4 billion years ago. However, traces of erosion have not disappeared because there is no liquid water or plate tectonics. The wind is present, but it is not strong enough to transform the surface.

It is important for researchers to track warm weather and liquid water because they are essential for the origin and evolution of life. In addition, if we plan to further study and colonize, then we cannot do without water sources. The mission will take at least several years. Before the crew arrives, water ice can be melted and cleaned.

If the temperature of Mars can still be fought, then water is the main obstacle to colonization. All that remains is to develop the technology that will safely transport us back and forth. Now you know how the temperature is on Mars day and night.

If you are going to spend a vacation on another planet, then it is important to learn about possible climatic changes :) But seriously, many people know that most of the planets in our solar system have extreme temperatures that are not suitable for a quiet life. But what are the exact temperatures on the surface of these planets? Below I offer a small overview of the temperatures of the planets in the solar system.

Mercury

Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun, so one would assume that it is constantly glowing like an oven. However, while the temperature on Mercury can reach 427 ° C, it can also drop to the very low -173 ° C. Such a large difference in temperature of Mercury occurs because it has no atmosphere.

Venus

Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun, has the highest average temperatures of any planet in our solar system, with temperatures regularly reaching 460 ° C. Venus is so hot because of its proximity to the Sun and its dense atmosphere. Venus's atmosphere is composed of dense clouds containing carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. This creates a strong greenhouse effect that traps the sun's heat in the atmosphere and turns the planet into a furnace.

Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and is still the only planet known for its ability to support life. The average temperature on Earth is 7.2 ° C, but it varies with large deviations from this indicator. The highest temperature ever recorded on Earth was 70.7 ° C in Iran. The lowest temperature has been, and it reaches -91.2 ° C.

Mars

Mars is cold because, firstly, it does not have an atmosphere to maintain high temperatures, and secondly, it is located relatively far from the Sun. Since Mars has an elliptical orbit (it gets much closer to the Sun at some points in its orbit), then during the summer its temperatures can deviate by 30 ° C from normal in the northern and southern hemispheres. The minimum temperature on Mars is approximately -140 ° C and the highest is 20 ° C.

Jupiter

Jupiter does not have any solid surface, as it is a gas giant, so it does not have any surface temperature either. At the top of Jupiter's clouds, the temperature is about -145 ° C. As you descend closer to the center of the planet, the temperature increases. At a point where atmospheric pressure is ten times that of Earth, the temperature is 21 ° C, which some scientists jokingly call "room temperature." In the core of the planet, temperatures are much higher, reaching around 24,000 ° C. For comparison, it's worth noting that Jupiter's core is hotter than the Sun's surface.

Saturn

As with Jupiter, the temperature in the upper atmosphere of Saturn remains very low - down to about -175 ° C - and increases as it approaches the center of the planet (up to 11,700 ° C at the core). Saturn actually generates heat by itself. It generates 2.5 times more energy than it receives from the Sun.

Uranus

Uranus is the coldest planet with the lowest recorded temperature of -224 ° C. Although Uranus is far from the Sun, this is not the only reason for its low temperatures. All other gas giants in our solar system emit more heat from their cores than they receive from the sun. Uranus has a core with a temperature of approximately 4737 ° C, which is only one-fifth of the temperature of Jupiter's core.

Neptune

With temperatures as high as -218 ° C in Neptune's upper atmosphere, this planet is one of the coldest in our solar system. Like the gas giants, Neptune has a much hotter core, which is around 7000 ° C.

Below is a graph showing planetary temperatures in both Fahrenheit (° F) and Celsius (° C). Please note that since 2006 Pluto does not fall under the planetary classification (see.

The specialists of the EIRCC prepared an overview of changes in the housing and utilities sector that will affect the amounts in the receipts of Kostroma residents in the new year. We can immediately say that all of them are aimed at stimulating the installation of common house and individual metering devices in houses and apartments, as well as to intensify the work of management companies with homeowners and tenants of residential premises.

New procedure for calculating payments for utilities and housing maintenance in houses managed by the MC and HOA

From January 1, as part of the payment for the maintenance of housing, the owners and tenants of residential premises will pay for cold and hot water supply, electricity, which are used for the maintenance of the common property of the house. The amount of expenses of citizens will be determined based on the consumption standards for the ONE, which were in effect on November 1, 2016. To calculate this fee, the decision of the meeting of owners is not required. This money is paid in addition to the fee established earlier by the general meeting of homeowners.

As for the receipts that the residents of the region will receive in February, here below the line "maintenance of the living quarters" will be reflected the fee for each resource required for the maintenance of common property, separately. This is done in order to better inform the owners about the composition of the costs of paying for housing services.

In turn, the readings of common house metering devices will be used in the calculations of management companies and homeowners' associations with resource supplying organizations. If the actual consumption of resources has exceeded the standard, then the costs of paying for the "excess" volume of the resource will be borne by the service provider.

The previous scheme for calculating payments for ONE, when their size was determined based on the readings of general house metering devices and the sum of readings of individual metering devices, remains only for apartment buildings with a direct method of management, or MKD, the owners of which did not choose or did not implement the chosen method of management.

Recalculation due to temporary absence

From January 1, the procedure for recalculations for utilities has changed significantly in the case of a temporary (more than 5 full calendar days in a row) absence of a consumer in a residential building that is not equipped with a meter.

Previously, within 30 days after arrival, the consumer had enough to write a statement that he did not live in the apartment for a certain time, and attach the following documents confirming the duration of the temporary absence:

• a) a copy of a business trip certificate or a business trip certificate, certified at the place of work;
• b) a certificate of being treated in an inpatient medical institution;
• c) travel tickets issued in the name of the consumer (if the name of the consumer is indicated in these documents in accordance with the rules for their execution), or their copies;
• d) invoices for accommodation in a hotel, hostel or other place of temporary stay or their copies;
• e) certificate of the internal affairs body on the temporary registration of the consumer at the place of his temporary stay;
• f) a certificate from the organization that guards the residential premises in which the consumer was temporarily absent;
• g) other documents confirming the temporary absence of the consumer.

From 2017, the recalculation of utility bills during the absence of the consumer in the apartment will be made according to the new rules. According to the changes in the housing legislation, only those residents in whose apartments there is no technical possibility of installing an individual or common (apartment) metering device can apply for a refund of paid funds. You can get the corresponding document from the utility contractor.

Calculation of payments for housing and communal services in the absence of permanently and temporarily residing citizens

The next change concerns rather those who own several apartments. From January 1, in the absence of citizens permanently and temporarily residing in a residential premises, as well as metering devices, the volume of utilities is calculated taking into account the number of owners of such premises.

In addition, if earlier the number of temporary residents was determined on the basis of a consumer's application or a protocol on an administrative offense drawn up by an authorized body, now an act drawn up by a service provider is sufficient.

Raising coefficients

For those who do not have metering devices installed, from January 1, 2017, an increasing coefficient is applied to the consumption standard - 1.5. But there is an exception: strictly according to the standard, those who do not have the technical ability to install a meter will continue to pay.

As for consumers who do not transfer meter readings to suppliers, unpleasant sanctions are also provided for them. If earlier for citizens who do not transmit meter readings, the calculation of payments for electricity and for cold and hot water supply services for six months was based on average monthly values, now this period has been reduced to three months. That is, in the absence of data for three months, the subscriber will pay according to the average, and then immediately according to the standard.

The issue of increasing tariffs for housing and communal services in 2017 was considered at a meeting of the Government at the end of 2016, where an average increase in tariffs of 4.9% was set. About when there was an official increase in prices for housing and communal services and how the tariff table was divided in 2017 - read in our article.

With the beginning of each year, Russians expect new increased tariffs in receipts for payments for housing and communal services, and 2017 was no exception. In accordance with the inflation rate, the Government of the Russian Federation established a maximum increase in tariffs for housing and communal services by 4.9%, which came into force on July 1, 2017 In 2017, there was a change in the system of payment for garbage collection, the amount of which is now determined by local authorities in each separate region. As explained in the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, the calculation of payment for the provision of this service should be based on the basic tariff for the management of MSW and in accordance with the number of people living in an apartment of an apartment building and having registration at the place of residence. At the same time, with the separate collection of household waste, it becomes possible to collect payments for garbage collection, taking into account the actual number and volume of garbage containers. Accordingly, the more waste is generated that is not subject to incineration or disposal, the lower the tariff will be. All housing organizations with MSW serving apartment buildings, before January 1, 2017, had to conclude an agreement with a single regional operator for garbage collection, which acquires ownership of the waste with the possibility of transferring it for recycling. A new line in the receipt for the Housing and Chemical Industry from January 1, 2017 - "Solid municipal waste".

Household expenses are already in bills since the beginning of 2017.

Another innovation that residents of apartment buildings encountered in 2017 is a line in the payment document on general housing needs, which implies the inclusion in the estimated amount of utility bills of charges for the costs of cold water, hot water, electricity, heat energy consumed while maintaining the total property in an apartment building, wastewater disposal in order to maintain common property in an apartment building. Note that the costs of general household needs will be limited by the standards established by November 01, 2016 by each individual constituent entity of the Russian Federation based on the actual consumption of resources. In addition, the Government of the Russian Federation emphasizes that this line in the payment document will not affect the amount of the payment, since the costs of general household needs will be included in the aggregate payment for housing and communal services. Thus, according to the Government of the Russian Federation, the rights of trustworthy Russians who timely pay for housing and communal services will be protected, because they will pay only for themselves, and not for the debts of the apartment of malicious defaulters.

Utility bills 2017: tariffs for gas, water, heating

The rise in gas prices for Russians in 2017 was increased by almost one and a half times compared to the previous year, and amounted to about 4.9%, while for other consumers, gas rose in price by 2.9% in 2017, according to analysts in 2018 - by 2.4%, in 2019 - by 2.1%. It is noteworthy that the previously planned increase in gas prices was no more than 3% for the population and no more than 2% for other categories of consumers. Utility tariffs for heat, which in fact make up more than a third of the total payment of Russian citizens for housing and communal services, will again significantly rise in price, and the increase in tariffs will again be higher than predicted: in 2017, the increase in tariffs amounted to 4.9% instead of the previously expected 4.1%. in 2018 - 4.4% instead of 3.9%, in 2019 - 4.1% instead of 3.7%. But utility tariffs for water supply will grow noticeably slower than planned, their growth will be, respectively, in 2017, 2018 and 2019: 4.9%, 4.4% and 4.1% against the previously predicted 6.2%, 6% and 4, 7%. It is also worth noting the fact that payments for water supply have grown significantly for those who have not installed meters. And already at the end of January 2017, such tenants received receipts with new amounts. An important point is the fact of imposition of penalties for apartment owners who have not installed water flow control meters. Since January 2017, the multiplying coefficient to the standard for water consumption has been increased by one and a half times, that is, in the absence of water meters in the apartment, the amount of payment for consumption will increase by 50%. In such cases, only residents of emergency and dilapidated residential premises, where there is no possibility of installing such devices, can count on the absence of penalties.

Utility bills 2017: electricity tariffs 2017

The increase in electricity tariffs for the population in 2017 was limited by the level of projected inflation and will amount to: in 2017 - 7.1%, in 2018 - 5.4-5.9%, in 2019 - 5.1 -5.6%. For other electricity consumers, except for the population: in 2017 - 3.9% (instead of the expected 6.3%), in 2018 - 3.4% (instead of the expected 4.5%), in 2019 - 3 , 1% (instead of the expected 4%).

Important! Overruns of electricity and heating in common building entrances have been paid by management companies since 2017.

Utility bills in 2017: rates in some regions

At the meeting, the Government of the Russian Federation approved an increase in tariffs for housing and communal services for 2017. Each constituent entity of the Russian Federation also establishes benefits for utilities for disabled people and pensioners. So, in 2017, utility bills in Moscow increased by almost 7%, this is the highest growth in prices for housing and communal services in Russia. An equally sensitive increase in tariffs occurred in the Far East - for residents of the Republic of Yakutia and the Kamchatka Territory, prices for housing and communal services grew by 6%. The growth of tariffs in the Republic of Bashkortostan will be slightly less - tariffs have risen by 5.6%, in Primorye - by 5%, in the Jewish Autonomy - by 4.8%, in the Magadan Region - by 4.5% and in the Khabarovsk Territory - by 4 ,1%. The minimum increase in prices for housing and communal services occurred in Chukotka and Sakhalin - by 3.4%, in Dagestan and Kabardino-Balkaria - 3.3%, in North Ossetia - 2.5%.

Important! If the share of housing and communal services expenses in the total family income is more than 22% (average calculation in Russia), such a family has the right to apply for subsidies to pay utility bills.

Regions can establish less than the established threshold, but more - only in exceptional cases. The last word rests with the regional bodies for regulating housing and communal services tariffs. The maximum values ​​of tariff growth for each individual region are indicated in the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation, published on the official portal of legal information.

Important! New tariffs for housing and communal services in Russia entered into force on July 1, 2017.

The utilities sector is one of the most actively developing sectors of the economy. A large number of service organizations are involved in this segment, including settlement centers and management companies.

The calculation of payments is carried out on the basis of the current federal legislation and regulations in force at the regional level. Utility bills include payments for the supply of electricity, gas, cold and hot water, as well as heat supply and sanitation.

To understand how payments for utilities are received, you need to familiarize yourself with the established regulatory framework, with the required documentation, with the features of the receipt, with the principle of forming the amount, with the nuances of accrual, with payment options, as well as with the possibility of recalculation in the event of debt obligations.

Normative base

Utility payments represent payments made by the population for the consumption of energy resources.

In 2017, in accordance with the norms of article 155.1 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, payment must be transferred by the owners of the premises on a monthly basis, except for cases when other time frames are determined by the contract.

The corresponding receipt is provided to payers no later than the 1st day of the month immediately following the reporting period.

The communal area includes the following services:

• water supply and sanitation;
• gasification;
• electricity supply;
• starting heating systems.

It is worth noting that if there is a stove heating in the residential property, the above list includes the provision of solid fuel. Consumption metering is carried out on the basis of reading devices. Employees of the management company usually enter actual data into excel.

On the basis of Article 157 of the RF Housing Code, the amount of payments for utilities is determined in direct proportion to the indicators of individual and general household metering devices. In the absence of such equipment, local regulations apply. Tariffs are set by the authorized bodies of the local municipality.

If situations arise when the supply of resources occurs intermittently, then each interested person can legally demand a change in the tariff. Receiving a refusal is the basis for contacting the competent courts. Within this framework, the main problem is the collection of the evidence base of the fault of the service providers.

Important notes on utility bills

Required documents

Each specific region of the Russian Federation has its own list of required documentation for obtaining utilities.

However, it is worth considering a list common for the country, which includes the following securities:

• civil passport of the Russian Federation;
• certificates establishing the right to use the dwelling at the discretion of the owner or responsible tenant;
• a certificate of marriage and the birth of a child - to confirm the fact of kinship of citizens living in the apartment;
• a certificate of the presence of a permanent source of income - drawn up for each capable family member;
• pension certificate - provided if there are pensioners in the family.

What is included in the receipt

In all regions of the Russian Federation, a unified payment documentation is used, in which charges on payments are recorded, which must be repaid without fail. In some federal subjects, citizens are forced to make payments for services on the basis of several receipts.

In the overwhelming majority of cases, the payment includes the following sections (the Moscow region is taken as an example):

Information about the owner or tenant of the premises	The information on the basis of which the calculation procedure is made is included - the area of ​​the apartment and the number of permanent residents. Also, the current details of the payer and service provider are registered. Such information is required to complete the transaction.
Detailed calculation of payments for specific services	All utilities are combined into two blocks - for the maintenance of common property (for example, if a new building is being serviced) and a specific dwelling.
Information about the recalculations made	This section specifies the defining reasons for the recalculation made for specific services, as well as the amounts that should be reduced.
Calculation of contributions for the implementation of work on major repairs	It is made on the basis of the rate in force in a particular locality. Benefits and any government subsidies to which residents are eligible are counted.

Also, the receipt includes the information necessary to transfer payments to the personal account of the regional operator.

The principle of forming the amount for services

Without exception, all utilities can be conditionally divided into two groups. It is for them that the final amount of payments is formed.

Services that are calculated by the owners of real estate assets or tenants based on actual consumption volumes include:

With regard to services related to maintaining the general functional state of the building, then the payment includes amounts in the following categories:

• maintenance costs of lifting equipment - elevator;
• cleaning the surrounding area;
• removal of household waste;
• lighting of staircases and landings;
• implementation of work on current and major repairs;
• maintenance of common property.

All of the above services are always included in the monthly payment document - receipt.

How is the accrual

It should be noted that the number and composition of payments for employers under social agreements and for owners are different. The maximum amount of payments is imposed on the last category of persons.

They must without fail:

• transfer funds for servicing MKD;
• pay utility bills;
• make regular contributions to the capital repair fund.

The amount of payments is used to finance management operations, maintenance and repairs. The general payments also include resource support fees. The calculation of utility bills is based on the total number of square meters in the dwelling.

It is important to remember that property tenants are exempted from capital repair payments. However, the categories of persons in question are subject to the obligation to pay the rent. The corresponding payment is calculated taking into account the information on the total footage of the premises. Other fees are determined and paid based on the performance of special readers.

Payment options

In 2017, there are a large number of ways to make payments for the consumption of utilities.

Any interested citizen can make a payment in any of the convenient ways, for example, via the Internet, a payment terminal, an ATM or through an operating cash desk:

Payment by credit card	City utility bills can be paid by debit or credit card over the internet or any landline payment system. To do this, you need to have a certain amount of funds on your personal account, as well as know all the details of the direct service provider.
Through your personal account	To carry out this operation, you need to contact a home service company with a corresponding statement. After establishing the identity of the payer and filling in all the regulated documentation, the applicant will be given the details of the payment cabinet. After switching to the system, you can make payments for utilities with particular ease.
Payment by personal account	Each provider of certain services assigns individual numbers to citizens, which, in turn, are tied to a personal bank account. Payment for residential premises can be carried out both with the help of a cashier in a bank branch or Russian Post, and in other ways, taking into account the connection to numerous online services that accept such payments.

In each case, it is necessary to indicate or report a ten-digit code. This is so that the authorized representatives of the service provider can determine where the money came from.

Debts and recalculation

Sometimes the amount of debt obligations for utility payments can become quite large. This can lead to the imposition of penalties and interest, which in no way will be able to favorably affect the repayment. There can be many reasons for the appearance of debt. For example, if no one is registered in the premises, but the supplier does not have up-to-date information about this.

It is worth noting that since July 1, 2017, utility rates have been increased. It can also affect the amount of debt obligations.

In the event of a temporary absence of tenants in the premises, service organizations continue to charge payments for utility services. That is why all owners are advised to recalculate. Only those categories of citizens who were absent from the premises for a certain period of time have the right to carry out the corresponding operation.

Consequently, such persons could not use the following services:

• hot water and gas supply;
• drainage through the sewer;
• supply of electricity.

Recalculation is made only when a citizen does not live in his place for more than 5 days.

To perform the operation under consideration, it is worth following the following algorithm of actions:

• collect a set of documents confirming the fact of the person's absence on the spot;
• apply to the housing company with a statement of the established form, where the reason for the absence will be fully stated;
• state the request for the recalculation operation;
• attach accompanying documentation to the application in the form of certificates that will serve as an evidentiary base - all this must be presented to an authorized employee of the organization.

Categories

• ; the specified land plot is intended for conducting gardening or horticultural activities, as well as personal farming, and the real estate that is located on it is residential or belongs to the category of garages. How to register ownership of a summer cottage in SNT In 2017, unlike the previous procedure, the procedure for registering a summer cottage in private ownership can be carried out in a simplified manner if the above conditions are met. At the same time, it is worth noting the fact that the site should be assigned to the applicant, and at the same time it should not be previously withdrawn from circulation by authorized state bodies. The simplified procedure, in accordance with which the registration of a summer cottage in private ownership will be carried out, is valid for a limited period of time. In this regard, summer residents must register their rights without postponing the solution of an urgent issue for a long period of time. The submission of documents for registration can be carried out in person or with the help of the services of authorized representatives, who must receive a notarized power of attorney. The current legislation provides for the possibility of issuing a collective application for obtaining private ownership of several dachas at once, but such a document must contain the signatures of each of the privatization participants. The procedure for registering a territory in private ownership will look like this: Approval It is necessary to start registering a summer cottage in private ownership with the approval of this possibility through the relevant state bodies, since in accordance with the norms specified in Article 252 of the Civil Code, any member of the cooperative has the right to then, to demand the allocation of the allotment in shared ownership, unless this in any way violates the legal rights and interests of other members of the cooperative. Submission of an application The decision on the issue of summer cottages for private ownership is taken by the territorial administration bodies that are involved in solving land relations. Consideration of documents The procedure for consideration of the submitted documents is carried out within two weeks, after which a final decision is made, about which the interested person is notified. If a person is denied privatization, he must receive a reasoned refusal in writing. Determination of boundaries In case of a positive decision, an appeal is made to the Cadastral Chamber to determine the boundaries of the land plot in question in the specified territory. Registration with the state register After carrying out land surveying work, the land plot must be compulsorily put on the cadastral register with the subsequent issuance of a cadastral passport to the new owner. The deadline for processing the document in accordance with the current legislation is five days. Registration in Rosreestr The final stage is registration of the applicant's ownership right through the territorial branch of Rosreestr. This procedure is carried out within ten working days, the countdown of which begins from the moment the complete list of securities is submitted. Is it possible to change the purpose of the plot and the house? If there is a need to change the permitted type of use of the land plot, you can transfer the allotment to another category or change the type of use without changing the category of the allotment. The first option provides for the presence of any options for the permissible use of the allotment, while in the second case it will be necessary to select the category of the plot that is provided for a specific territory. Land surveying and what documents are needed for this Land surveying is a service that is provided exclusively by authorized cadastral engineers working in specialized geodetic organizations or as private entrepreneurs. To do this, you will need the following papers: if the preparation of the land-survey plan is carried out by an authorized person, you will need to issue a power of attorney for him, having certified it with a notary, and also provide the specialist with his own passport; then a cadastral plan is drawn up indicating the technical characteristics and cost of the territory in question; legal documentation is drawn up, which includes an act confirming ownership of the land in question or a certificate certifying ownership, which was issued later than 2001. After collecting these papers, you can contact the cadastral engineer and order land surveying. "> Dacha 32
• and No. 211 (03/26/14. A Russian also needs a passport to return to Russia. If, for example, on the territory of another state it is lost, then for an urgent return you will have to contact the consulate and issue a special certificate. The procedure for obtaining a foreign travel document is simple, it will be the same upon initial application and again. Submitting documents is allowed not only at the address of permanent residence in the presence of a residence permit, but also at the actual address at which temporary registration can be issued. he wants a certificate for himself, his child under the age of 14, or for another person whose guardian he is. The processing time depends on the place of application, although from practice we can say that modern passports are produced longer. You can get a foreign document at any age. Due to the fact that h then it has a limited validity period, then 6-8 months before the end, a new passport form is required, with a different series and number. Until this moment, it is allowed to make a replacement passport if certain circumstances arise: change of personal data; a radical change in appearance, this often applies to young children, but it is important for adults if they change their gender; unintentional damage to the document, due to which the information in the document becomes unreadable; loss of identity card or theft. Existing types When applying for a travel document of an individual in 2018, a citizen can choose to issue: Biometric passport or a new sample Its validity period is 10 years, which is very convenient. Inside the passport form there are 46 pages for the entry of special travel information. This type of passport has more degrees of protection for the owner, since it contains information about him additionally in electronic form on a microchip (personal data, photos, fingerprints. The badge that the form has a built-in chip is located right on the cover. the document is entered using the method of laser engraving, that is, it is not necessary to glue it in as before. The disadvantage of the new passport form is the inability to enter information about minor children. Old passport It is valid for 5 years and has 10 pages less for entering visa marks and border crossings Personal information about the owner is shown on the last page. If the new passport form is made of plastic pages, then in the old one they are made of paper and covered with a thin film. A passport photo is made in the usual way for pasting. In this type of document, parents can enter information about their children, so as not to issue them a separate passport. Each passport must contain the following information: type of passport form; code of the state that issued the document; number and series; surname and name of the owner in Latin letters, patronymic in Russian; citizenship; date and place of birth of the person; gender; date of issue and expiration of the certificate; name of the authority that issued the passport form; the signature of the owner, it is entered into the biometric passport using laser engraving, and into the old one by a citizen. A sample application for an old-style international passport: Basic variations of the procedure To obtain a passport, certain conditions must be met, one of them is the absence of a criminal record or the provision of information that it has been canceled. Often, citizens put a dash in the corresponding line of the application, which is tantamount to hiding information. This can only be done if there has never been a criminal record. In other cases, detailed information is provided. It is better to provide a certificate of clearing a criminal record separately, but the responsible employee of the migration service can also obtain information online from a special database. For children from birth to 4-5 years old, it is recommended to produce a separate old-style passport, since it is cheaper. Due to the rapid growth of the child and changes in appearance at this age, the document has to be changed 2-3 times. At the age of 6, it is quite possible to issue a biometric foreigner for a child for 10 years. If a new sample is made for a child aged 13-15 years, he will be able to use it for the entire period of validity; upon reaching the age of 18, re-registration is not required. Men aged 18-27 years additionally provide a military ID, where there must be a mark that they served in the army or were not drafted for a specific reason. You do not need to provide a separate certificate from the military registration and enlistment office, the necessary information is obtained through an interdepartmental request to the military registration office. It is submitted by the employees of the migration service. Regarding those liable for military service who are currently in the service, they need a special permit to issue a foreigner on a special form, it is issued by their command. Due to the fact that the application indicates information about labor activity over the past 10 years, entrepreneurs need to be informed about this by attaching a certificate of entrepreneurship. Other persons enter information on the form of an application for a foreign passport on the basis of a work book. If a citizen during this time did not work for some periods, then opposite the employer's location he needs to put his home address at which he lived at that moment. Applicant retirees who have retired long ago must prove their absence from employment with a pension certificate. For persons who are long-term unemployed and cannot confirm the presence / absence of employment with a work book or an extract from it, they simply indicate their status. Lack of employment and supporting documents is not a reason for refusing to issue a passport. Sample application for a passport of a new sample Collecting documentation If an adult citizen draws up a passport for himself, he will need to submit: application form; a copy and original of a civil passport; receipt of payment of state duty; old passport, which has expired or needs to be replaced. For an old-style passport, Russians take photographs on the spot at the migration service or in a photo studio. If a biometric document is issued, then the photo will have to be taken only by a specialist of the migration service. Fingerprints are taken there when submitting documents. When a passport is replaced due to a change in the personal data of an adult, he brings a marriage certificate or other certificate indicating the reason for the changes. Accordingly, a new civil passport is submitted, which will have to be issued in advance. The questionnaire is filled out strictly according to the sample, you can find it on the Internet. A handwritten version or a letterhead printed on both sides will do. But it is recommended to fill out the questionnaire in the presence of the responsible employee. The information should be entered in legible handwriting in capital letters using a blue or black pen. The signature is affixed in a specially designated place. When filling out the questionnaire, the reason for obtaining a passport must be indicated. If this is a change in the full name, then in addition to the questionnaire, an application is drawn up. Moreover, the owner can reissue the passport within a time period that he chooses, even before the trip itself. There are no penalties for this. If you go abroad within a month after changing your surname, then it is quite enough to take with you an old foreigner and your general civil passport, which has not yet been replaced with a new one. In general, the replacement of an internal document must occur within a month after the change of name. You can never change your passport if you are not supposed to travel abroad. When there is not enough space to enter information about work activity in the specially designated columns, then you will also have to issue a separate application. If a biometric passport is issued, then in addition the applicant's signature, like fingerprints, is scanned using a special device. A child under the age of 12 can only be fingerprinted with parental permission. Sample passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation Procedure for issuing foreign passports Citizens can submit documents in several ways: FMS The standard method is to contact the territorial office of the Federal Migration Service on a first-come, first-served basis. You can make an appointment by phone, the time and date of the visit is set by the responsible officer of the FMS. Another option to avoid a live queue is to issue an electronic ticket through the terminal, if it is located at the FMS branch. But in this case, you can choose the day for admission yourself. MFC A great opportunity for Russians is the branches of the Multifunctional Centers, which are located today in almost all regions. In the MFC, you can not only submit documents for registration, but also get a ready-made passport. The state duty is also paid on the spot in the department, and copies of documents are made. The centers have a convenient work schedule. You can enter the electronic queue through the official website of the MFC, but for this you must first register on the State Services. It should be borne in mind that today not every branch of the MFC can issue a biometric passport, you need to inquire about this in advance. Public services The public services portal is in demand among Russians in relation to various services of state or municipal importance. You need to register on it, get access to your Personal Account, and then you can send an application for registration of a foreigner. When an electronic application is drawn up and a photo is sent in the same form through the State Services, this does not mean that a personal appearance is not needed. On the contrary, a citizen in his personal account receives an invitation to appear at the department of the FMS, which he chooses on his own. For the applicant, the invitation indicates the date and time of the visit to the specialist. Together with the invitation, an invoice for payment of the state duty comes to the Personal Account. On the appointed day, the citizen comes to the department with a printed statement that he had previously sent, and all the documents. Sample receipt of payment of state duty for a foreign passport General algorithm The standard procedure for obtaining a passport requires: Decide what type of foreigner to register. Choose a method of submitting documents. Pay the state fee. This can be done in cash at the cash desk of any bank other than a self-service terminal or ATM, from the Personal Account of Internet Banking from a card. If a citizen does not have a receipt or a payment check in his hands, he must have at least the details by which he made the payment. Send the application remotely or bring it in person. Transfer copies and originals of documents to the responsible employee. Pass the fingerprinting procedure for a new passport form. At the appointed time, come for the finished document. Its readiness can be traced through the State Services or the official website of the FMS. The applicant receives the passport in person. Scheme for the child The legal representatives of the child need to decide before submitting the application whether a separate travel document should be issued for the minor. In general, a child under the age of 18 can travel abroad only when accompanied by an adult or another person for whom the legal representatives will issue a power of attorney. In the first case, he may not have a separate passport, and in the second, his preliminary registration is mandatory. You can also apply for a child through the official website of the FMS or the State Service, by coming in person to the office of the migration service or the MFC. From the documents for the child you will need: an application form, which is drawn up by a legal representative; from the applicant - a civil passport; a birth certificate for a child or his general civil passport, if he is 14 years old; receipt of payment of state duty; old passport, if it needs to be replaced or has expired. On the back of the child's birth certificate, there must be a mark that he has Russian citizenship. This stamp will have to be xed separately. If there is no such mark, then there must be a separate insert (an application in Russian and / or its translation, in case it was issued by another state. If the application is submitted by a guardian or adoptive parent, then a special document from the guardianship and trusteeship authority is needed. or the name of the child, respectively, in the registry office, first a new birth certificate is obtained. When filling out the questionnaire, paragraphs 1-18 on the front side are intended for information about the child, and on the back about the applicant himself. The applicant must pick up the child's ready-made foreign travel agent. It is necessary for legal representatives to take into account that in order to issue a new passport, a child of any age must be present in the department and be photographed. A sample of a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation Terms and state duty The type of passport form does not affect the time of its production, therefore: when submitting documents at the place of permanent residence of the applicant, you can get a ready-made foreign travel agent within or after 30 days; when documents are submitted to the address of actual residence, then usually a passport can be obtained in 4 months; when accessing classified information by profession or military service earlier or at the moment, the applicant will be able to obtain a travel document in 3 months, not earlier; when it is urgent to make a passport, then along with a standard package of documents, special certificates will be required (about the death of a close relative who lived abroad, about the need for urgent treatment in a foreign clinic, etc. The state duty that is paid for making a passport depends not only on its type, but also from the age category of the recipient: Children under the age of 14: Old passport form Will cost 1 thousand rubles New biometric sample Can be issued for 1.5 thousand rubles Adults: Old passport 2 thousand rubles New passport form 3.5 thousand rubles. You can make payment of the state duty through the State Services with a 30 percent discount, which will be valid until the beginning of 2019. Next, you will need to ask what percentage the legislator will give for the discount. there may be moments that the legislator has foreseen in advance: valid passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. A child must be a citizen of the Russian Federation to obtain a Russian passport. At birth in Russia, this status is assigned automatically. In other situations, legal representatives will have to obtain a confirmation mark in advance, as soon as the child becomes a citizen of the Russian Federation. But according to the law, the internal passport of a legal representative can also confirm that a child has Russian citizenship, if information about a minor is entered there. To obtain a separate mark, a legal representative must submit an application for obtaining Russian citizenship to a minor. Parents need to know for what reasons they may not issue a passport to their child. If one of the legal representatives officially draws up a paper on the ban on leaving before the other submits documents for the manufacture of a children's foreign travel agency. A photo for an old passport must be of the appropriate format, black and white or color is allowed, but for biometric only in the latter version. In the photo, a citizen must be without a headdress and glasses, if wearing these attributes is not mandatory. Forms with errors, corrections and inaccurate information will not be accepted. Some people need to inquire in advance if they can issue an exit document. These include: employees of the FSB or other government agency who own classified data at the state level; persons suspected of a crime or accused, convicted; citizens liable for military service who are in alternative service; citizens who evade the fulfillment of various financial obligations that were appointed by the court. Frequently asked questions There is a list of topical questions that concern citizens who have decided to issue an exit document: What will be the cost of a re-issued passport? In each case, the payment is charged according to the tariffs established by the legislator and is always the same. Is it possible to issue an additional second passport? Yes, it is possible, if a citizen has a valid old-style document, he has the right to receive a biometric one. The second foreign document is also allowed to have citizens who cross the border at least once a month, going on business trips. They need to submit an application and confirmation of their frequent travel from the company. The second foreigner will be issued before the expiration of the first. How much does it cost to enter information about a child in an adult's passport? The procedure officially costs 500 rubles. At the request of the legal representative, if he has a valid old-style passport, the child's full name, date of birth and a photo will be pasted on a separate page. What should you do if your passport is lost? You will need to write a statement to the police in Russia or while abroad, and on its basis receive a notification coupon. This coupon is attached to the main documents for obtaining a certificate for entry into Russia, or for a new passport on the territory of the Russian Federation. In this case, it is necessary to apply for a passport in the standard manner. In some countries with a visa-free regime, you can enter for a certain period if you have only a biometric passport or an old sample. But in others, you need to apply for a visa. There are countries that are allowed only with biometric passports. "> Passport 301
• : Information about the owner or tenant of the premises Includes information on the basis of which the calculation procedure is made - the area of ​​the apartment and the number of permanent residents. Also, the current details of the payer and service provider are registered. Such information is required to complete the transaction. Detailed calculation of payments for specific services All utilities are combined into two blocks - for the maintenance of common property (for example, if a new building and a specific residential premises are serviced. , which should be reduced. Calculation of contributions for the implementation of work on capital repairs Is based on the rate in force in a particular locality. Benefits and any government subsidies to which residents are entitled are taken into account. Also, the receipt includes information necessary to transfer payments to a personal account regional operator Sample birth certificate Principle of forming the amount for services Without exception, utilities can be conditionally divided into two groups. s of real estate objects or tenants, based on actual consumption volumes, include: Gasification Suppliers must, on a 24-hour basis, provide a supply of domestic gas for cooking and heating the premises. Electricity A prerequisite for the supply of the energy in question is compliance with the mains voltage and safety. Supply of cold and hot water All service providers, without exception, must guarantee the safety and environmental friendliness of the supplied resource. As for the services related to maintaining the general functional state of the building, the payment includes amounts in the following categories: expenses for the maintenance of lifting equipment - an elevator; cleaning the surrounding area; removal of household waste; lighting of staircases and landings; implementation of work on current and major repairs; maintenance of common property. All of the above services are always included in the monthly payment document - receipt. Certificate of wages How is the accrual carried out It is worth noting that the number and composition of payments for employers under social agreements and owners are different. The maximum amount of payments is imposed on the last category of persons. They must: transfer funds for servicing MKD; pay utility bills; make regular contributions to the capital repair fund. The amount of payments is used to finance management operations, maintenance and repairs. The general payments also include resource support fees. The calculation of utility bills is based on the total number of square meters in the dwelling. It is important to remember that property tenants are exempted from capital repair payments. However, the categories of persons in question are subject to the obligation to pay the rent. The corresponding payment is calculated taking into account the information on the total footage of the premises. Other fees are determined and paid based on the performance of special readers. Sample pension certificate Payment options In 2017, there are many ways to make payments for the consumption of utilities. Any interested citizen can make a payment in any of the convenient ways, for example, via the Internet, a payment terminal, an ATM or through an operating cash desk: Payment by bank card Urban utility bills can be paid by debit or credit card via the Internet or any stationary payment system. To do this, you need to have a certain amount of funds on your personal account, as well as know all the details of the direct service provider. Through your personal account To carry out this operation, you need to contact a company that provides services at home, with a corresponding statement. After establishing the identity of the payer and filling in all the regulated documentation, the applicant will be given the details of the payment cabinet. After switching to the system, you can make payments for utilities with particular ease. Payment by personal account Each provider of certain services assigns individual numbers to citizens, which, in turn, are linked to a personal bank account. Payment for residential premises can be carried out both with the help of a cashier in a bank branch or Russian Post, and in other ways, taking into account the connection to numerous online services that accept such payments. In each case, it is necessary to indicate or report a ten-digit code. This is so that the authorized representatives of the service provider can determine where the money came from. Debts and recalculations Sometimes the amount of debt obligations for utility payments can get quite large. This can lead to the imposition of penalties and interest, which in no way will be able to favorably affect the repayment. There can be many reasons for the appearance of debt. For example, if no one is registered in the premises, but the supplier does not have up-to-date information about this. It is worth noting that since July 1, 2017, utility rates have been increased. It can also affect the amount of debt obligations. In the event of a temporary absence of tenants in the premises, service organizations continue to charge payments for utility services. That is why all owners are advised to recalculate. Only those categories of citizens who were absent from the premises for a certain period of time have the right to carry out the corresponding operation. Consequently, such persons could not use the following services: hot water and gas supply; drainage through the sewer; supply of electricity. Recalculation is made only when a citizen does not live in his place for more than 5 days. To complete the operation in question, it is worth following the following algorithm of actions: collect a set of documents confirming the fact that the person is not present; apply to the housing company with a statement of the established form, where the reason for the absence will be fully stated; state the request for the recalculation operation; attach accompanying documentation to the application in the form of certificates that will serve as an evidentiary base - all this must be presented to an authorized employee of the organization. "> Communal payments90
• It is necessary for a citizen to be able to travel abroad. There is a document of the old model, which has a classic look, and a new one, which is distinguished primarily by the presence of a chip with data on its owner. The second option is called biometric, and it also has a longer period of validity (10 years versus 5. Official Issued to citizens (non-MPs who leave the country to perform their official duties. Diplomatic Appointed to the president, senior officials, and to ambassadors and consuls Temporary Issued to citizens for the period while the production of a standard certificate is made in case of damage, theft or loss of the previous one.Collective It is a special type of document issued for several citizens simultaneously traveling in a group. there the rest of close relatives.It remains valid only if the owner is directly present.Seaman's passport Designed for seafarers who are assigned to a ship on which state borders are crossed.laissez-passer A special type of document with the functionality of p aspect, but it is not. Foreign Citizen Passport Issued by foreigners who temporarily reside in the territory of the state. A sample of a birth certificate System nuances and standards The passport system functioning in our country performs the following key functions: issuing identity cards to citizens (reaching the age of 14 is a signal for issuing a document for the first time, then it changes at 20 and 45 years , as well as in case of damage or loss; keeping records of the number of citizens living in the country; combating lawbreakers (thanks to the presence of a certificate, you can easily calculate the identity of the offender, find a defaulter of alimony or a debtor on a loan at the address of registration, etc.); regulation of the resettlement of people across the territory All relations stipulated by the domestic passport system, each of its objects and subjects are clearly spelled out and regulated by a number of normative and legislative acts, in particular by presidential decree numbered 232 and government decree numbered 828 of 1997. A detailed description of the issuance procedures and replacement credentials th person is contained in the administrative regulations of the FMS, approved by order of this service under number 391 of 2012. Sample certificate of registration at the place of residence Submission of the necessary papers In order to become the owner of an identity card, a set of documents is required, including: an application in form 1P; birth certificate; 4 copies of standard photos measuring 35x45 mm; a certificate confirming the presence of Russian citizenship; registration document from the place of residence; check for payment of state duty. Upon receipt of a passport for the first time, a 14-year-old adolescent additionally requires an identity card of one of the parents, who must be present when going to the FMS. In addition to this service, the MFC and the State Services portal are engaged in issues of issuing and receiving the main document of a citizen. The collected documents must be handed over to the FMS employees in person or through a guarantor, for whom the appropriate permission has been issued. In addition, the official website of the FMS allows you to do this online. It is advisable to submit documentation to the unit located in accordance with the place of permanent residence of the citizen. In this case, the registration will take a minimum of time, and after 10 days it will be possible to pick up the document. It is important to take into account that there are working days, therefore, if the calendar has December or another month with a large number of days off, then the registration may take a long time. Sample passport photo Review of the content of the passport The identity card must contain the following data, which cannot be canceled, since their presence is provided for by law: name of the owner; a series of the document itself with its number; name with the code of the department where the issue was made; date of receiving. On the page that contains the personal data of a citizen, there is a record intended to be read by a machine. This entry includes letters with numbers and signs, and it is necessary so that the identification of a person is simpler, and the protection of a document from forgery is more reliable. Receipt for payment of the state duty for the issuance of a passport Obtaining and reissuing For the first passport in the life of a citizen of the Russian Federation, the collection of a package of documents is required, including a birth certificate, four pieces of passport-size photo, an application for receipt, confirmation of Russian citizenship, confirmation of registration. In addition, you need to pay a state fee. After the documents are collected, they are sent to the FMS department located at the place where permanent or temporary registration is issued. In the absence of such registration, a certificate can be issued at any branch of the FMS. Upon receipt of a passport by a foreigner who has acquired Russian citizenship, he must certainly have with him all personal documents in the form of originals and copies with translations into Russian and signed by a notary. In accordance with the norms of domestic legislation, upon reaching the 20-year and 45-year age limits, each citizen is obliged to replace their identity cards. This must be done within a 30-day period from the date of the actual occurrence of these events. Other cases requiring replacement of the document include: change of personal data; a serious change in appearance; extreme deterioration of the certificate; loss or theft. To obtain a passport upon exchange by age, the obligatory state duty is 0.5 thousand rubles, and in case of restoration in case of loss or damage - 1.5 thousand rubles. "> Passport 349
• ... In addition, redevelopment includes any displacement of walls and partitions, as well as displacement of engineering equipment (transfer of a bathroom, a gas stove, and other communications. BTI. For the implementation of actions, project documentation is required, on the basis of which the repair will take place. The reconstruction differs precisely in that it does not imply the demolition of walls, the merging of premises and the transfer of communications. That is why this type of repair does not require approval and can be carried out by the owner independently. the difference between redevelopment and reconstruction can be the introduction of changes to the bathroom and the bathroom.For example, the installation of additional plumbing, which requires an individual connection to the plumbing equipment (an additional sink or toilet needs a project documentation and agreement. This also applies to the demolition of the partition between the bathroom and toilet. In the event that it is supposed to transfer the toilet bowl to another place, but at the same time it does not leave the premises, the process can be carried out without agreement. A prerequisite will be the absence of interference with the common house sewer system. The same rule applies to the kitchen. By law, it is allowed to move the gas stove no further than 1 meter from the established place (characterized by the length of the soft connections for the gas supply. This will be considered a conversion and no permits are required. In case the owner plans to increase the kitchen area by moving the gas stove and sinks into a utility room or adjacent non-residential premises at a distance of more than 1 meter, then this is already considered a redevelopment and requires design documentation with approval. actions can be carried out when redeveloping an apartment.The most common prohibitions include the following: Dismantling of load-bearing walls.Full integration of non-residential premises with a residential one (there are some nuances that depend on the type of premises and the desired type of redevelopment. In particular, it is forbidden to combine the kitchen space yours from the living room due to the supporting structure between them. Even if the wall is not load-bearing and it can be demolished, the law provides for the mandatory presence of a partition between two rooms and the zoning of rooms in the form of a separate floor covering. The location of the toilet, bathroom or kitchen above the living quarters of the neighbors below (the exception is the moment if the lower floor has a similar redevelopment. Increasing the area of ​​the toilet due to living space. Before starting repair activities, you need to take care of the availability of project documentation. The best option would be to contact specialized companies where you can order redevelopment both according to individual drawings and standard solutions for typical high-rise buildings.What is allowed When redeveloping an apartment, it is allowed to make the following changes: transfer of plumbing equipment while maintaining the central sewerage system; transfer of a bathroom, kitchen and bathroom, if the future location does not contradict legislation; transfer of plumbing and kitchen equipment within the existing area; transfer of heating equipment without interfering with the central system (it is forbidden to take heating radiators to the loggia or balcony; glazing balcony space; laying doorways in the presence of a similar one in another place, which does not contradict the rules of redevelopment; partial and complete demolition of partitions, including some supporting structures, provided that there are no prerequisites for the collapse of the building; installation of additional partitions, if they do not exert excessive stress on the load-bearing floors; expansion of door and window openings; arrangement of ventilation systems and other structures on the facade of the building, if they do not violate the safety of the building (antennas, air conditioners. Each redevelopment is an individual event, depending on the actions taken and the characteristics of the residential building. That is why a project is required that would comply with all the safety standards of the owner's residence and neighbors.A sample of filling out the consent of all family members for redevelopment How to legitimize The process of legalizing redevelopment is one of the most important moments of all repair.There are several methods of legalization: The easiest and legal way is to initially draw up a project, agree on it and obtain permission to carry out repair actions. After the end of the process, the commission will accept the redevelopment on the basis of the design data and the measures taken. free redevelopment - often apartment owners change the sequence of actions, namely, they first make repairs, and then try to legitimize it. The process is somewhat more complicated and time-consuming, but still possible. In this case, it is necessary to comply with all the same norms of the law. When accepting works, the commission must make sure that there are no violations, but the owner will have to pay a fine for unauthorized redevelopment. It often happens that the owner is not responsible for illegal redevelopment. This is possible when receiving a living space as an inheritance or as a registration of a donation agreement. The legalization process involves a trial, during which the fact of the new owner's involvement in unregistered repairs and the legality of the measures taken will be clarified. If the requirements of the RF Housing Code have not been violated, then the new owner will receive the appropriate documents for the apartment with the existing redevelopment based on a court decision. The best option is to gradually follow the legislative measures, since the commission may not accept an unauthorized redevelopment. This threatens the need to return the original appearance and the corresponding expenses for new repairs. Required papers For redevelopment, a certain package of documents is required: passport of all owners of the living space; redevelopment application; conclusion on the possible carrying out of repair actions; project documentation; project agreement; registration certificate for the apartment; consent of neighbors if common house needs are affected. In each individual case, the package of documents can be modified, so you need to ask the BTI employees about this. Where and in what order to apply First of all, you need to contact the BTI and ask about possible redevelopment. If necessary, a special commission will be created, which will issue an opinion on what can and cannot be demolished, which structures are load-bearing, etc. After that, you need to draw up a project. The documentation is prepared by the specialists of the respective company. It should be remembered that the firm providing services for the production of projects must have an SRO permit. The finished project is again submitted to the BTI, where it must be approved, after which the owner receives permission to carry out repair work. The end point is the notification of the BTI employees and the creation of a special commission that will check the compliance of the measures taken with the project documentation. In the absence of violations, the owner of the living space receives new documents for the apartment with the changes made. Is it possible to independently Self-redevelopment is prosecuted by law in the form of a fine and the possible reconstruction of the premises to its original state. It is not uncommon for finished repairs to be legalized through the courts, but only if they comply with the current legislation. The owner of the living space has the right to independently make changes to the apartment, if they do not require any permits and do not entail changes in the configuration of the living space. Redevelopment according to a sketch is also possible, which does not require approval or any other actions. The sketch is prepared by designers, and all actions do not pose any threat to the safety of buildings and are mostly cosmetic repairs. Responsibility for redevelopment All responsibility for redevelopment in the apartment is borne by its owner. In the event of illegal actions, the home owner is obliged to return the home to its original appearance at his own expense, as well as pay a fine. In addition, if the redevelopment carried out harms neighbors or causes any damage due to improper transfer of communications, then the owner of the apartment again bears responsibility for the actions taken. He is obliged to eliminate the dangerous reconstruction, as well as compensate for the damage caused to neighbors. If the redevelopment is not only illegal, but also carries a danger in the form of the destruction of the house, then the owner will be evicted from the apartment. The measures are provided for in Art. 7.21 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation. Terms and prices The cost of redevelopment in an apartment depends on several points, which together make up the total price: Obtaining a technical passport in the BTI 1500-2000 rubles. Technical documentation on the condition of an apartment building. About 7,000 rubles. Design documentation The price depends on the complexity of the work, the area of ​​the premises and on the tariffs of specific organizations, which on average is 30,000-50,000 rubles. If the owner applies to the company for a full range of services, which includes the support of the process by lawyers without the participation of the owner, then the prices will be higher: Approval of the BTI project 30,000-50,000 rubles. Obtaining an act of completed actions 15,000-20,000 rubles. Obtaining a new technical passport 8000-10000 rubles. The terms of development and receipt of documentation are given in the table: Required documentation Time for receipt Technical documentation on the state of an apartment building 2-3 months Project development 1 week Project approval 30-45 days Acceptance of work by the commission Within a month Obtaining an act in the BTI 14 days Obtaining a new certificate for an apartment with amendments 14 days It should be remembered that the permission for redevelopment is issued for a period of 1 year, but it can be renewed every month. "> Redevelopment 171
• , was subsequently replaced by the concept of registration at the place of stay or residence. Registration involves the attachment of citizens to a specific living space in which they live, which was formalized with the permission of state bodies. Some changes were made to the new law on registration. Now, citizens who have not received registration within the prescribed timeframe are fined. In addition, residents of our country and foreign states can be prosecuted for registration carried out using forged documents. Sample certificate of registration at the place of stay Instructions and options Registration in the apartment takes place according to the same scheme. At the passport office at the new place of residence (if they are registered permanently or staying (temporarily or at the MFC they submit the documents required to obtain a residence permit. In this capacity are papers confirming the status of the owner of the apartment, or the consent of the owner of the living space. Next, they draw up an application and a passport. the date of the identity card is taken away with a stamp of registration. Citizens of the Russian Federation can receive a residence permit in several versions: In a new apartment received under a contract First you need to check out of the previous apartment. Then a registration application is submitted at the passport office in a new place. Parents fill out and sign an application for children under the age of 14. Children who have reached this age do it on their own. In it they indicate the document according to which they register registration in the new building. In the same application, you can fill out the lower column on deregistration at the previous place of residence. Passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. C birth certificate of children under 14 years old. A paper confirming the fact of an extract from the previous place of registration. A document according to which the apartment is the property of a citizen. This is an extract from the unified state register of real estate. The contract according to which the right of ownership was obtained (donation, sale and purchase, etc.) The passport, documents and application will be checked, and the identity card will be taken away, setting the date of issue with a stamp. it is necessary to remove the registration in the previous apartment. Further, the new roommate, together with all the owners of the living space, writes statements: registering - about temporary or permanent registration, and the owners - about consent to registration. the apartment was registered as a property; the registering party submits a departure sheet, passport or birth certificate (for children under 14 years old. All documents will be returned to the persons, but the passport will be taken away from the person registering for a while, announcing the date of receipt. If it was previously discharged, then it can be registered one day in advance. When the previous registration remains in force, the new registration will take up to two weeks. To register in a non-privatized apartment, you will need permission from the Property Management Department and a statement of intent to register an outside citizen. The desire will be approved if an area equal to the registration rate of the territorial entity is allocated for each registered person. Attach to the application: confirmation of discharge from the previous living space; rental agreement; passports and birth certificates for minor children; permission of the municipality (in the case when a person is registered who is not anybody's relative for all tenants. If it was decided to privatize the provided apartment, then every citizen registered in it becomes a partial owner. his consent: Having received from him a power of attorney in favor of a person, certified by a notary. Such a person on behalf of the owner will prepare a statement confirming the consent of the principal to the residence of another person in the apartment. On the basis of a notarized statement. If the owner for some reason cannot independently sign the paper, then the notary on the spot draws up an application for registration of a new roommate. A handler can be appointed who personally signs the document on behalf of the owner. go to the portal and open your personal account. In it, you fill in the required fields, indicating your data in them. By ordering registration, you queue up until you receive a notification (up to 3 working days, after which you will need to visit the MFC (3 days are also allotted by filling out an application there and attaching the necessary documents. Plus, for citizens of the Russian Federation, registration through State services is A sample of a certificate of registration A sample of a page with a registration in a passport Registration procedure, terms and price To register, you will need: Prepare a mandatory package of documents with copies, which includes an application, a passport, confirmation of an extract from the previous place of residence, the main agreement and the owner's consent .Submit an application for obtaining a residence permit. Send all this to the MFC, passport office or FMS. At the end of registration, pick up your passport, which contains a note that the person is really registered in the apartment. Having checked out from the previous apartment, you must register: within 7 days upon registration of a permanent registration; a temporary residence permit can be obtained within 90 days. If a person submits an application to the FMS on his own, then he is registered free of charge. You can also register on the Internet at a single portal of government services. Registration through the State Services also requires the preparation of documents and their submission in electronic form. But still then you have to visit the local office in order to get you stamped in your passport. When a newborn child is registered, a birth certificate of the child will need to be prepared. It is issued at the local registry office. Then he is taken to the passport office, filling out an application for registration of a newborn there. It is accompanied by a marriage certificate, parents' passports, an extract from the house book or the house book itself (depending on whether the child is registered in an apartment or a private house. They also submit a certificate of the status of the housing account in which the baby is registered. For some documents they prepare copies. The child is registered at the place of residence of the mother or father. If they are without the right to a living space, then it will not work to register the child in the apartment. Parents are assigned the day on which it is necessary to pick up documents proving their identity and the birth of a child. place of residence Sample application for temporary registration Foreigner and citizen of the Russian Federation What is the difference between the registration of foreign citizens and residents of our country? The legislation of our country allows the following types of registration. Foreigners can register only temporarily: For 90 days or for the period of validity of a visa with the possibility of extension. in the migration service accounting. Registration at the place of residence for the period of validity of the temporary residence permit (3 years without the possibility of renewal or the residence permit (5 years with the possibility of renewal. For citizens of the Russian Federation: Temporary registration at the place of residence (5 years with the possibility of renewal. Permanent registration at the place of residence. It usually means the concept of registration.Features for Muscovites You can get a Moscow residence permit in different ways - both for a fee and for free.This is influenced by such factors as: place of residence and type of housing; registration deadlines; absence of other violations and fines. There is no fixed price for obtaining a residence permit. Registration of all documents will cost 50,000 rubles, in the Moscow region - 30,000 rubles. The registration procedure is similar to the general algorithm operating throughout the country: First, you must check out of the previous apartment. Then submit an application for registration with the FMS with all the necessary papers. At the end, pick up your stamped passport. To register in an apartment owned by relatives, you will need their statement of consent to obtain a residence permit. Municipal housing can only be settled with the permission of the city administration. Having received a Moscow residence permit, you provide yourself with several advantages: benefits, payments and allowances (for example, to a pension; an increased scholarship for students; the poor receive free travel in public transport. , he gets a situation in which: It is possible to deprive a citizen of our country of registration with his permission or according to a court decision. A registered person can live in this living space. on the rental or free use of living space. The agreement allows you to consolidate the relationship between the participants and reduce risks to a minimum. You can specify the period of validity of registration and residence, distribute the responsibilities of apartment renovation between the parties, payment of utilities, there is also the possibility of early cancellation, etc. But it would be a mistake to believe that the temporarily registered roommate will be able to appropriate the property for himself. He receives only the right to use (he can live in an apartment and use housing and communal services. The owner remains the owner of the premises. Possible risks First of all, now for living without registration, a citizen can be brought to administrative responsibility (according to the Code of Administrative Offenses. the apartment the person intends to move in. It must be at the specified address, in good condition (and not suitable for emergency housing. It is better to inquire about the opinion of the homeowners. It is necessary to obtain the owner's consent to register in his apartment. actions, you minimize the risks that: the house is within the specified boundaries and has the specified characteristics; the money for registration of registration will not be wasted; the apartment may soon be sold, having written out all tenants forcibly through the courts; you will register in the house, which they plan to destroy b. "> Registration 216
• ... At the same time, a citizen or a legal entity can acquire a plot within the boundaries of a settlement or behind it. The concept of a site is more close to human activity. If the land as a whole is a natural resource, then the plot is only some part of it, which is real estate, with which you can perform various legal actions. Plots can be indivisible, which cannot be divided so that they do not lose their properties, and divisible. Within a settlement, for example, one site can be transferred to one developer, and another to another. But in general, the land will belong to the municipality, in a separate case, a private person can obtain permission to buy it out from the state, another option is to rent. Overview of the concept and types The land cannot be considered ownerless, if it does not have a specific owner, then it is the state. In fact, this is municipal property. Prior to 1993, land surveying in Russia was not carried out, but with the release of the Land Code, this became possible, and therefore individual plots had owners. The plot is determined by the length and width, has an area. It also has other characteristics - location, soil, the presence of a reservoir, the presence of any objects nearby, etc. The site must have a purpose or type of use that will be legally permitted. Lands are classified into categories based on their properties. But on the same land, you can distinguish different areas where a person will conduct different activities. For example, land has the definition of a rural area, it can be engaged in: agriculture; raising livestock; scientific and research work; hunting and fishing; personal subsidiary plots, which means to erect residential buildings (private houses and non-residential outbuildings; other types of activity. When the land is intended for development, this means what to build in various places (on the plots you can: residential buildings; industrial buildings and workshops; commercial buildings , offices, shopping centers, engineering structures, communication networks, etc. It goes without saying that where there is a site with engineering structures that provide, for example, the city's power supply, residential buildings cannot be erected. a certain type, which most often extends to nearby zones.For example, you can distinguish between the main types of plots on which you can: engage in agriculture; carry out personal construction (individual housing construction; conduct subsidiary farming for non-commercial purposes (private household plots; erect personal residential buildings (IR ; cultivation of fruits and vegetables is carried out, i.e. e. to run a dacha economy without capital construction. Most often, such plots are private property. If the owner uses the land for other purposes, he cannot avoid penalties from the regulatory authorities. But it is allowed to change the type of use of the site, for this it is necessary to submit an application and other documents, the decision is made by the municipality. Central conditions To use a land plot, a person must familiarize himself with the provisions of the law, understand the category of land to which he belongs, how it can be considered as a real estate object. Provisions under the law In Russia, the jurisprudence in relation to land and land plots is regulated by: the Land Code; various Federal laws; The Civil Code; The Urban Planning Code. So, in the Federal Law No. 136 (25.10.01, in article 11, various concepts are given that help to figure out how to check a land plot, and what should be understood by this definition: what is it; how it is formed; what characteristics should describe the object; on what grounds it should be considered real estate; how to transfer land from one category to another; what is municipal and private property in relation to land; why put a plot on a cadastral register and what is a cadastre; how to separate, allocate and distribute plots; how property rights are registered on a site; other aspects.Division into categories The category of land is determined by their purpose. In fact, the category should be understood as a brief description of the properties of specific lands. features should be disposed of land when used for: agricultural land; placement of settlements; industrial facilities; defense and security of the country; telecommunications, radio broadcasting, communications; transport; energy; for other purposes. The issue of water resources and forest zones is considered separately. A complete list of land categories is specified in Order No. 540 (09/01/14, issued by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. Based on the category of land and the type of land plot, specific activities may be allowed or prohibited on it. Agricultural land should be characterized by fertile soil and located outside or bordering the settlement. This area can only be used for agricultural production. Land plot as an object of real estate The Constitution of the Russian Federation, Chapter 11 says that all land in the country belongs to the people. At the same time, it can be the property of: the state; municipality; legal entity; citizen. The plot can be attributed to real estate only from the moment it passes state registration, it will be assigned a unique number. From the moment of registration, when the property rights will be assigned to some person, the site can be put into circulation. Then sale, property division, donation, alienation, and other legal actions with real estate are possible. When, according to the Constitution, some property is public, this means that certain restrictions are imposed on the owner's rights, that is, he cannot dispose of it only at his own discretion. The law requires its use only for its intended purpose. In such cases, for example, the land belonging to the municipality, located within the city, cannot be given or sold to someone for the purpose of growing a subsidiary or farm on it. When a plot is intended for the construction of a residential area in a city, it cannot be used for laying a highway, etc. To define real estate, the plot must be characterized by different parameters and cost. The identification signs of the site as real estate include: cadastral number; the numbers of its individual parts, if it is large; location address; the area of ​​the entire site and its individual parts; details of the owner or co-owners; characteristics of structures or other objects located on it, the area of ​​each separately; the boundaries of the entire site and its individual parts; the purpose of the land; status. In the Civil Code, Art. 130 defines a land plot as a thing to which property and other rights can arise, transactions and various actions of a non-legal nature are made. Ownership of land, like real estate, can be established free of charge or paid. If a citizen already owns a plot, that is, he received it from the state for temporary or permanent use, then he will no longer be able to give it up, and he needs, for example, to go through privatization in 2017. As a result of the privatization of state property, property rights are assigned to the citizen. On the basis of contracts of a different nature, ownership rights will be transferred from the owner to another person when the following occurs: purchase or sale of land; exchange; rent; donation; inheritance; another transaction for the alienation of property. In some cases, real estate (a plot can be redeemed from the state at its cadastral value, if the municipality gives such permission. What actions are allowed The use of land for personal subsidiary farming is defined in Federal Law No. 112, Article 4. The location of the land will depend on how it can be used. If the personal plot that the owner uses for private household plots is located within the city, then in fact it becomes similar to the land intended for individual residential construction (IZHS. Such a plot can be successfully used by a large family not only for farming, but also for building a house. , when many relatives live together, this is the most convenient option. In such a residential building you can register (register, and additionally build utility structures, a garage on the ground. problems will be put into operation. Mlya can be used to grow fruits and vegetables, i.e., in fact, it will partially feed a large family. If the site is located outside the city, then it is possible to organize a farm on it, also with permanent residence in a capital residential building. In another case, the site can be used as a summer cottage, where it is possible not only to rest in the summer, but also to maintain a gardening economy. But not in all cases, the type of land allows the construction of capital residential buildings on it, where the necessary communications will be connected. If it is impossible to live in the house all year round, then it will be impossible to register in it. If the site is located far from the settlement, and belongs to the steppe or field territories, then it can be used for grazing livestock or growing crops, but it is impossible to build a residential building there. Capital construction is prohibited in the field. Buildings can be of an economic and temporary nature. For example, in the field it is possible to build a bathhouse, but without a foundation, which means that a special building permit will not be required. Other clarifications The plots that are allocated by the state or municipality for targeted needs of citizens can have a minimum or maximum area, they can be rectangular or square, triangular. It all depends on how the land survey was done. In each region, local authorities determine the permissible norms of land that they can allocate from the land fund, for example, for the placement of a garage cooperative, a gardening partnership, for individual construction. Basically, the norms depend on the amount of land that is listed by the municipality as not used, that is, not used with benefit. In the Federal Law No. 112, p. 4, item 5 says that the maximum area, for example, for private household plots cannot exceed 0.5 hectares. In the future, the owner can increase this size, but no more than 5 times. The minimum size cannot be less than 2.5 hectares. Temporary status Data on each site is kept in the state cadastre until the ownership rights are registered, that is, they are only temporary. Such a plot can be bought from the state or municipality, received free of charge, or leased. From the moment of registration of ownership rights in the cadastre, the information will change to permanent. The temporary status only means that no one has rights to the site - no private property, no lease. According to the law, if within 2 years no one declares the rights to land with a temporary status, it should be removed from the cadastral register, but in reality the time frame is much longer. Cadastral information According to the information stored in the Cadastral Chamber, the site can be listed as: temporary; previously accounted for; accounted for; archival; canceled. The site becomes accounted for from the moment someone gets the right of ownership to it. There are several situations when the information about the site is canceled: If a citizen planned to buy land from the state or undergo privatization, issue a lease, but did not do it for 2 years. This applies to plots that were registered after 2008. For example, a family received an allowance for 3 children and additionally, at the expense of maternity capital, decided to buy out the land and start construction, submitted documents, but did not complete the procedure. After 2 years, other citizens will be able to buy the site. Land surveying was refused for various reasons. Many citizens are not even in a hurry to do this, because the procedure is paid, and the owner, for example, plans to sell the land. A plot may have the status of a previously accounted for if the title to it arose before March 2008. The cadastre may contain various information, if the plot has not passed the land survey, then it may not have boundaries. In relation to such sites, there are often cases when there are documents of title to them, but there is no information in the cadastre. The owner can apply for data entry. In fact, all plots that were surveyed before 2000 received the previously accounted status. or before the release of the land registry law. Possible restrictions and encumbrances Restrictions can be imposed on the turnover capacity of the site, that is, to the extent that it can be transferred to another owner or owner. For example, you can take the reorganization of a legal entity. But sometimes a land plot can be excluded from circulation altogether and it cannot be obtained into private ownership in any way. These lands include: reserves; state-protected park areas; burial sites of military or radioactive waste; the territory of the location of military bases, troops; areas located near the borders. The limitation in circulation is imposed on lands valuable for the state or those where strategically important objects are located, areas that have a cultural heritage for the country. If the land plot falls under such categories, it is impossible to make alienation transactions with it. The plot can be encumbered. It can also be imposed by local authorities, but most often a temporary ban on performing any operations with land is imposed for the following reason: renting it out on a paid or gratuitous basis; transfer of land as collateral when registering a mortgage or other loan; the fact that it is required to satisfy the needs of the state or a private person, the encumbrance imposes an easement, for example, a highway, a power line must pass through a personal plot; litigation when there are several applicants for the land; seizure due to the owner's debts; other situations arise. Arising nuances For citizens, the best option for property is a plot with the status of a private household, which cannot be used for commercial purposes. He can buy it or rent it from local authorities, a private person. But the farmer needs to know where to turn when there is a surplus of produce that needs to be sold. A special certificate is issued by the local administration, having it in hand, the owner can sell vegetables and fruits from his garden, if they meet sanitary standards. In this case, the proceeds will not be subject to any taxes. "> 462