Anyone who has ever been to Slovenia must have noticed that Slovenian language very similar to Old Russian or Old Church Slavonic! Remember Cyril and Methodius? It was not for nothing that in the Middle Ages, diplomats of precisely Slovenian origin were often sent to Russia as representatives of the Holy Roman Empire to establish contact - they understood Russians without translators. A striking example of this is Baron Zhigues Gerbenstein and his "Notes on Muscovy".
Therefore, the meaning of what was said by the Slovenes, of course, if they speak slowly, we actually immediately begin to understand. After all, fingers are fingers, a brow is a forehead, an eye is an eye, and a medicine is a pharmacy. But what often leads us into a stupor is two (dual). Indeed, in the Russian language there is only singular and plural! And then there's also the dual: the two of us, the two of us - the devil himself will break his leg. So where did this number come from in the Slovenian language and was it in Old Russian? Yes, of course it was!
In the Old Russian language, as in other languages, dual was used to designate two or paired objects. Nouns in the dual form, as well as in the singular and plural forms, changed in cases. The loss of the dual number is a relatively late phenomenon: it is assumed that this refers to the era after the formation of the three East Slavic languages, that is, to the era of the XIV-XV centuries. So, in the history of the Russian language, the dual number has disappeared, but its traces remain in the modern language.
These include, first of all, the forms with the shock ending “ -a", Which are formed from words denoting paired objects:" horns, sides, eyes, shores, sleeves. " All of them by origin are forms of the nominative case of the dual.
The nominative case of the plural in the Old Russian language had the ending "-i": "roses and, bots and, eye and, birches and, sleeve and». 
By implying the plural, we put these words in the form of a dual. The words "shoulders, knees" have the same character, which are by origin a form of the nominative case of the dual from the words "shoulder, knee" (the nominative form of the plural was "shoulder, knee"). Take Pushkin, for example: “Wash your face, shoulders and chest” (“Eugene Onegin”).
And of course, one of the striking examples of dvina is the word that remained in the Russian language "both".
Therefore, one should not be surprised that while traveling in Slovenia, you involuntarily begin to feel sympathy for the Slovenes and their way of life. We are not so different!
Hello, I would like to shoot the next video about Slovakia on the topic of the Slovak language. Many who were interested have probably heard that the Slovak language is similar to Russian and even more to Ukrainian - in fact, this is so. But this does not mean that if you speak Russian, Ukrainian, you will immediately understand the Slovak language; however, if you start to learn it, then it will be much easier for you to do this than for a non-Russian or non-Ukrainian-speaking person, or if you were learning some other difficult foreign language.
I don't think it will be difficult for someone to learn such new Slovak words as chlieb, syr, smotanou, klobása. But there are also many words that have nothing in common with the Russian language, but they are similar or the same as Ukrainian, for example: ďakujem, týždeň, počkať - and many similar ones. Although there are words that, on the contrary, are confusing, that is, those that are in our language and are present in Slovak, but in the latter they denote a different concept, for example: stigliy (Ukrainian) - ripe, mature, but in Slovak it means thin. But the worst of all are words that are completely opposite in meaning, for example: čerstvý, we all know that stale bread is not good, and we do not want to buy it, but here čerstvý means fresh. Everything in the store is always "stale", especially the bread.
There is also a lot of confusion with the word vegetables, in Ukrainian they are vegetables, and in Slovak there is the word ovocie, which means fruit. And if you want to talk about vegetables, then this is zelenina. And such words are very confusing.
By ear, of course, Slovak is similar to our languages, because, being, for example, somewhere in Germany, you immediately hear when people walk aside and speak Russian, because their speech stands out against the background of German or Turkish; and in Slovakia, for the first time it seemed to me that everyone around them spoke Russian, when you did not hear some individual words, but just the general background of speech or some scraps of phrases. Probably, intonations, words, sentences are similar in the Slovak and Russian languages.
Note that the lightness of the language does not mean that you do not need to learn it. This must be done. There are a lot of language courses in Bratislava, even free ones, which are provided by the immigration center. To get into these courses, you do not need to have any documents - you can just be a tourist who came, sat down and started classes. The teacher met you, asked your name, and that's enough.
Everyone knows that a language is much easier to learn by plunging into its environment. It is true, but our situation is such that there is no need for everyday communication in the Slovak language. If not to talk about shops, then, in principle, we do not communicate with someone, therefore we have created artificial conditions for ourselves: we got to know the locals and, one might even say, made great friends, we talk with them. And our communication looked so that on the first day we conducted most of our conversations in English, asked some words, learned some words and tried to somehow find common phrases to explain. And now, when we talked for five evenings maximum, English is not present, all conversations are held only in Slovak, but, of course, with the phrases: “Speak more slowly, please, - or. "What does this mean?" - and then Slovaks can explain the meaning in other words or with the help of gestures. After a month of acquaintance, you can already communicate with these people. I think that everything will go faster and better further, and I am sure that it is impossible to achieve similar results in German or Spanish.
In general, what I want to draw a conclusion from all this: the Slovak language is good, pleasant, interesting and for our people it is quite easy to learn. No European language can be as easy for you as Slovak. Of course, this is a plus, the faster you learn the language, the faster you will merge into a new society, the easier it will be for you to adapt and the more pleasant it will be to be and live here. Therefore, learn the language, develop and come to Slovakia.
Whoever will be interested in the following videos, subscribe to the channel, always be in the know, and I will try to post interesting and useful materials more often. Bye.
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And what, I peeped into the neighboring parmesan garden, and really, why not tell about the language that you have to learn?
Slovenian women (slovenščina), that is, the Slovene speech, the language, like Russian, comes from the group of Slavic languages, so a person, even with limited learning abilities, will begin to speak and understand after 16-20 hours of individual lessons with a teacher. An hour of private lessons with a Slovenian teacher costs about 15 euros per hour, if the tutor works unofficially. For commercial courses, an individual hour will cost € 30-35.
So, the language is very easy for a Russian-speaking person to learn: the most difficult thing in it for foreigners is the cases. But for the Russians this is not a problem, since there are also 6 of them and they absolutely coincide with ours. The second difficulty is the modal verb "biti", an analogue of the English to be, the principle of working with which we are also perfectly familiar.
I remember the first lessons, the phrase “Yaz am the king” did not leave my head, because in modern Slovene it sounds “Yaz sem tsar” (jaz sem car), where sem is one of the forms of the verb biti (“to be”, huh? ).
A single Slavic root is found in the dictionary.
For example, a father is an oche (oče), a child is a youth (otrok), a dog is a pes (pes), and even at an eyelash, which is a trepalnica, it is clear where the legs grow from.
Of course, such associative and direct coincidences are far from the basis of the language. For example, a garden is a vrt (vrt), and in grammar, in addition to the singular and plural numbers, it seems that the only double number in the world exists with its own forms and endings.
For the integration of emigrants in Slovenia, free language courses are organized for foreigners, which can be attended if it is documented that you are / will live here. For example, 60 hours can be obtained with a valid residence permit status for a period of at least 1 year, and additional 120 hours or 180 hours can be obtained with a valid residence permit status for a period of at least 2 years. On the courses, there are often fluent-speaking "locals" - these are emigrated Bosnians and Serbs. Having lived in Slovenia for 10 years, they apply for citizenship, but having learned the language “by ear”, they speak cheerfully, but with a huge number of mistakes, and as a result, they do not cope with the obligatory language proficiency test.
As for children, the period of adaptation for them is, in principle, easy, although there will be a couple of unpleasant periods with tears (a la megalomania “Mom, they are discussing everything, laugh at me, taking advantage of what I don’t understand!”). Remember that the transition to a new school is just as stressful as an unfamiliar language environment, so halve everything.
After about six months, the children are quietly chatting, learning, and soon you will ask them to translate this or that. This is a merit not only of immersion in Wednesday, the teacher for an hour or two a week with the child is additionally engaged in Slovenian women. There is a practice that Russian-speaking volunteers are invited to children whose language adaptation is more difficult, who can work with the child in both languages. The only thing I can advise is if you are in doubt and think - I’ll grow up a child, even if he’s like a Russian school for three years, it’s in vain. The younger the language environment in which you immerse your child, the easier the ways of communication, games, emotions, complexes tend to zero. When active games are more important than intellectual communication, when children are open, the vocabulary is simpler - the adaptation of the baby will be much easier, and not only in terms of language.
My eldest daughter at 2.8 started going to kindergarten with her peers. A late-speaking child, she also talked so-so in Russian. Now, after 8 months, she automatically switches between the two languages, without confusing words, sometimes replacing them if she does not know exactly. She does not quote Hamlet in Slovenian, because in principle we prefer other bedtime stories, and she does not speak it fluently, her vocabulary is very limited. But he is limited only because he is like that in the younger group of the kindergarten. With the language development of her classmates, my Dasha will automatically raise her level, corresponding to the language needs of her age.
If you have a little patience, my readers, then in the next article I will give casual intersections of Slovenian and Russian (chur, no comments a la "button accordion!"), I will give a list of textbooks recommended by tutors for learning the language and useful, golden links to grammar mines Slovenian language.
All lahko noč (good night)! Adijo! (while).
Slovenian language belongs to the Balkan or the South Slavic group of languages and comes from the ancient Proto-Slavic language. The oldest written document written in the Slovenian language "Freisingen (Brizhin) excerpts", dates back to about 971-1090. n. NS.
Modern Slovenian alphabet consists of 25 letters borrowed from the Latin alphabet, supplemented with 3 diacritical letters "Č, Š, Ž" and includes 3 digraphs "NJ, LJ and DŽ". There are 28 graphemes in the Slovenian alphabet in total. The Slovene language was greatly influenced by the languages of the Germanic group. Due to the fact that the territory of Slovenia for a long time was part of the first Holy Roman, then Austrian empires and, finally, part of Austria-Hungary, this could not but affect the language. A more or less pure Slovenian language was preserved mainly in the provinces, in large cities, the influence of the German language was very noticeable. This influence is still felt by the presence of a large number of Germanisms.
There are about 50 dialects in the Slovenian language., which can differ significantly from each other, both in pronunciation and spelling of words. The basis of the modern literary language, which was finally formed in the middle of the century before last, is considered to be "Goren" and "Dolen" dialects.
Spelling, punctuation and grammar rules in modern Slovenian language they are very similar to Russian and the general rules for Slavic languages are taken as a basis. But there are some distinctive differences that it makes sense to dwell on in more detail. For example, there is such a thing as "dual". Dual is a dual in cases, declensions and conjugations. Also, to designate tense in Slovenian, as in English, auxiliary verbs are used. There are still small differences from the Russian language in the use and rules for the use of prepositions and participles, but they are not very significant.
Another interesting feature of the Slovenian language consists of words that phonetically sound identical to Russian, but have a different semantic load. For example, a crypt (sklep) - a conclusion, a table (stol) - actually means a chair, etc. There are also many words that have not direct, but indirect consonance. For example, a cannon "puška" is a gun. It is also surprising that a large number of words have remained unchanged over the centuries and still have the widest use. Such as eye, lepo, finger, mouth, told and many others. This directly indicates its Slavic roots, however, as already mentioned, Germanisms are very widespread, which can be used along with Slovenian words. So, for example, a pillow can be called blazina in Slovenian, or the German word polster, and both options will be correct.
So, despite all the seeming simplicity of the Slovenian language, to learn and learn to speak and understand correctly, and even more so to read or write, is a rather difficult task. Indeed, for comfortable everyday communication, you will need about 800 words, and for reading or writing - about 3000-5000. However, these numbers apply to informal or casual communication. The vocabulary of a professional translator is much wider, and the literary Slovenian language is considered rather difficult, and most importantly, not very widespread even among the Slovenes themselves.
The Slovenian language belongs to the group of South Slavic languages, has a number of features characteristic of West Slavic languages, it is one of the rare Indo-European languages.
The Slovenian language is unique in its own way, as it has retained the dual number. What is a dual? We use it when we talk about two objects, people, animals, and so on, and the plural begins with three. Today there is a dual in Arabic and Hebrew, it was also in the Old Russian language, but over time the dual was replaced by the plural. You can still find traces of the dual in modern Russian (eyes, sleeves, ears, shoulders, glasses).
We invite you to Slovenia !!!
Pride (ponos) of a Slovenian
Slovenes are very proud of their dual number. And if you decide to learn Slovene, you will have to master the dual number too. It’s not that difficult, but you’ll have to strain your memory. Slovenian language is similar to Russian, you might think. And Yes and No, I will answer you. There are many common words, common verbs, a lot for us, the so-called Old Church Slavonic (mouth, eyes, brow, eye-father). It will help you if you are familiar with religious texts and with ancient Slavic literature. However, this similarity will often be interfere with you.
Slovenian alphabet
So where do we start, Slovenian alphabet (alphabet, primer), whatever you want to call Slovenska Abeceda... 25 letters and 29 sounds, 5 vowels (8 vowels), 20 consonants (21 sounds).
narrow (mleko) and the so-called “polglasnik” (pes-dog)
There is still sound dž(džezva) -j.
Do not Akayte
What's wide, narrow, and so on?
Quick reference: strešica (^)- long and wide sound - okno, osa, sestra, oče, sejem;
ostrivec (´)- long and narrow - vitez, mati, repa, orožje;
krativec (`)- short and wide sound-študent, pes, miš. All these designations are indicated in the Slovenian dictionary, link below. For a wide, narrow, long and short vowel sound, you do not know how to pronounce, pronounce narrow. Never convert Slovenian O v a. O always O gotovina (gotovina) cash In Russian we often write O, but we say a: put, a cow, I suppose, firewood, a dog and so on. There are many examples, this will give you away.
Features of the pronunciation of the Slovenian language.
Pronunciation features: V-pronounced like short u, at the beginning of the word (vprašanje-begging-question), before the consonants (davčen-dauchen-tax), at the end of the word igriv, also concerns the prepositions-v redu (in red-ok).
Consonant l pronounced short Have at the end of a word (imel-imeu) and before the consonant jabolko-yabuko-apple.
The consonants at the end of a word are stunned by Primož-Primos, but ni Primoža (no Primož).
There are words that don't have a single vowel prst-perst finger, krst-Curst-baptism, vrt-werth-garden, prt-pert-tablecloth, vrv-verv-rope, cord, that is, we pronounce it as short NS front R and emphasis on it NS.
Stress in Slovenian
As for stress, there is no fixed stress, it can be on any syllable, you need to look in the dictionary, it often does not coincide with Russian. Until you figure it out, you do something like this, I want to put it like this: post e lja, but speak differently p O stelja.
Consult the Slovenian dictionary more often
If you want to find some Slovenian word and learn as much as possible about it, I recommend using SSKJ Dictionary of Slovenian Book Language Checking declension by cases
Slovenian fairy tales.
I recommend listening fairy tales in Slovenian they are told by both professional artists and ordinary grandparents, everyone has different diction, but in everyday life you will meet not only the announcers of the central television.
Self-study textbook of the Slovenian language
As a self-study guide for the Slovenian language, I would recommend the following tutorial: Slovenian language. Self-study guide. Shatko E.V. Living Sound Publishing House. Self-study guide of the Slovenian language for beginners. The most detailed book in Russian. In the self-study guide, you will find a lot of useful information, after each lesson, exercises to consolidate, at the end of the textbook the correct answers.
We invite you to Slovenia !!!
For the duration of your trip, we are ready to provide apartments for rent in Ljubljana. You can see the photo. Send applications to the mail: [email protected]
When ordering apartments for more than 10 days, instructions and advice on obtaining a residence permit as a gift.
How to learn Slovenian language? Study methods
Can you learn Slovene from scratch on your own? I think you can if you are a very motivated and disciplined person. For the rest (not so strong-willed) there is teaching the Slovenian language via Skype, if you live, for example, in Moscow. And if you have already moved to Slovenia, you can study individually. Or you can sign up, as I wrote in my article. Slovenian language courses take place in Price Stupar and not only. Usually in a group of 8-12 people. Which method is right for you, depends on many factors: money, motivation, self-organization, availability of free time, etc. In any case, the methods can be combined. Next time, we will start the topic with you: Slovenian grammar... See you!
