(from 09.02.1967, from 28.01.1979, from 15.02.1991, from 01.02.2003)
He charms everyone without exception. It doesn't take much trouble for him to attract the girl of his dreams. In addition to charm, he also has a deep mind and intuition. All this is combined with tenderness, emotionality and deep inner content. He feels the aura of other people so much that he always understands when to break off the relationship so that they do not go too far, and it’s not really late.
Characteristics of a Pisces - Goat (Sheep) man in LOVE
He becomes romantic in love. If in ordinary life he is smart and perceptive, then in love he must completely trust his intuition, since analysis and logic in these moments are turned off. Having fallen in love, he becomes accommodating and ready for a lot for the sake of his beloved. However, there are times when he torments the chosen one with his whims and unwillingness to listen to someone else's opinion. It is better to respect his opinion in these moments.
In love, he is not used to experiencing defeat, so he always strives to achieve reciprocity of a partner. Usually he succeeds, since he is so attractive and can hypnotize a girl that no one can resist. He always plays a major role in a relationship, although he does not advertise this, he tries to show that the girl is in charge. As a result, he feels comfortable and relaxed.
Pisces born in the year of the Goat (Sheep) in BED
Intimate life for him is a sphere where he can show his romantic inclinations. He will demand a beautiful entourage from his beloved. At the same time, banal silk linen and champagne are perceived by him as an insult. He wants something more, but he does not know what he wants. Therefore, he often torments a woman with his whims, but at the same time, he seems to be a very sensual and gentle man.
He loves simplicity in intimate relationships, which is combined with luxury of feelings. Satisfaction is important to him, as it will make him feel loved. In addition, he may not strive for bestowal, since he simply forgets about it. He loves affection and can decide to experiment. However, all his desires are veiled, and the girl should be the initiator, since in this case he feels comfortable.
Horoscope man Pisces - Goats (Sheep) in MARRIAGE
He rarely strives for marriage. It is enough for him to be loved. In addition, he can show inconstancy and then it will be difficult for him to be connected. It should be noted that he does not want to be tied at all. And marriage implies a strong bond. That is why, for him, such a relationship is not interesting. He can live in a civil marriage for a long time and not suffer from the fact that all friends are married.
In some cases, he gets married. As a rule, this happens under the pressure of the partner. But if she does not suit him, then even the pressure will not work. He needs a caring and financially secure girl who can help him achieve his goals. It should be noted that by getting married, he becomes an exemplary husband and father, so he must remember that this relationship is not scary.
The most important! What kind of girl does he need?
He can be advised to be more attentive to his surroundings, so as not to miss out on love. In addition, you should not think about the need for a serious relationship for a long time, as this can threaten him with loneliness and emotional devastation. He must set goals harder. In this case, all his undertakings and plans will receive the most daring embodiment. And this promises both good profits and recognition in professional circles.
Algorithm for completing USE tasks
In Russian.
Part 1.
Exercise 1. Which of the following sentences correctly conveyed the MAIN information contained in the text?
Algorithm for completing the task:
Task 2. Which of the following words (word combinations) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write this word down.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. Read the text carefully.
2. By sequentially selecting the proposed means of communication, establish a logical correspondence between the sentence with a gap and the one that precedes it. This technique will help you determine which word should be in place of the gap.
Task 3. Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meanings of the word (………). Determine the meaning in which this word is used (…….) The sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
Algorithm for completing the task:
if the sentence has not lost its semantic integrity, the answer is correct;
if the meaning of the sentence has changed, the answer is correct.
read the assignment carefully;
find the specified offer;
include each of the suggested lexical interpretations instead of the word given for the analysis;
listen to the new sound and meaning of the sentence;
Determine whether or not a sentence has lost its semantic integrity in the course of a linguistic experiment:
Task 4. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in the formulation of stress: the letter denoting a stressed vowel sound is WRONGLY highlighted. Write this word down.
Remember: the fluidity of the Russian stress creates objective difficulties in completing this task.
agent, august, agency, agony, acropole, alcohol, alphabet, anapest, anatom, antithesis, apostrophe, watermelon, aest, aristocracy, argum, asymmetry, astronomer, atlas, bylAssia (cloth), atlas
bureaucracy, airports
SCAM, crimson, ballot, spoil, spoiled, spoiled, bow (bant, bant)
barmen, unrestrained, birch and birch bark, petrol line, blagovest, favor, block, bombard, barrel, delusional and delusional, armor (fixing something to someone), armor (protective sheathing), bar, boot, bourgeois bureaucracy
gross, cook (boil, boil, boil, boil), watchman, verba, veterinarian, turn on, water supply, Volgodonsky, wolf (wolf, wolves, wolves), thief (thieves, thieves, thieves), magic, about thieves, thieves curved, arouse, three-way
gas pipeline, gastronomy, hectare, genesis, citizenship, grenadier,
cousin, devichiy, democracy, department, despot, defis, act, diagnosis, dialogue, dispensary, white-hearted, dobycha, dogma, contract, contractual, bareheaded, red-hot, documentary, report, report, donate, report slumber, spiritual father,
heretic,
blinds, vents, life,
BOOK, (to assign something to someone), book (to cover with armor), enviously, cursed, conspiracy (secret agreement), conspiracy (spell), cursed, for a long time, overwhelmed, busy (person), occupied (by someone ), cork, sealed, moldy, seal, sealed, powder, call (call, call, call), winterer, malice, knowledge, significance, knowledge, toothed
scoop, scoop, cleaner,
CHASSIS, SEWER, SHIELD, SYRINGES, DORK, GRAVEL, SHIPS, SHIPS,
Excursion, ekspert, export, equipped, express, epilOg, pullover
juridical
religion
flounder, katalOg, rubber, chop, quarter, cedar, kilometer, cinematography, pantry, kokljush, college, colossus, kompas, complex, greed, more beautiful, nettles, flint, scrap, culinary leftovers), flap (piece of cloth),
alluring, workshops, medics, a little, a manager, metallurgy, scanty (allowed - scanty), youth, milkman, monolOG, taxing,
WHITE, NAGOLO (SHARP), NAKED (Keep checkers), Bent, Long, Intention, Roll, Backhand, Start, Started, Underpayment, Illness, Necrolog, Hate, Unpretentious, Oil pipeline, Newborn
providing, lighten, sharpen, embraced, embraced, eased, encouraged, borrowed, embittered, wholesale, educated, spiked, otkupit, adolescence, despair, parallich,
PARTNER, PASSION, FUNERAL, MOLD, PIZZAIRE, PROPOSE, FABLE, ACCEPTED, ATTENDED, UNDERSTOOD, RISE, SEMI-DAY, Briefcase, POST, FUNERAL, FUNERAL, PLATE, PREVIEW, PREMIUM, PREPARE, PREPARE
presenter, beet, sylos, orphan, orphans, word of mouth, condolence, convocation, concentration, means, statuing, status, statute, stenography, carpenter, boat, bent,
there is fire, dancer, cakes, cakes, shoes,
decoration, speed up, deepen, coal, ukrainian, improve, deceased, mentioned, mention, consolidate, aggravate,
facsimile, porcelain, fairy, phenom, fetish, fluorography, phOrzats, shaping,
chaos, characteristic (typical), character (actor), move, intercession, intercession, clergy (pric.), clerk (adj.), christian, Christ-seller,
cement, chain, gypsy,
Task 5. In one of the suggestions below WRONG used the highlighted word. Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly. Algorithm for completing the task:
read all sentences carefully;
determine the lexical meanings of each of the paronyms by choosing synonyms and antonyms or taking into account which words each of them can be combined with;
please provide the correct answer.
Addressee - addressee... Addressee - the person or organization to whom the postal item is addressed (recipient); addressee - a person or organization sending a postal item (sender).
Anecdotal - Anecdotal... Anecdotal - inherent in an anecdote, based on an anecdote (anecdotal story); anecdotal - ridiculous, ridiculous (anecdotal case).
Archaic - archaic... Archaic - characteristic of antiquity (archaic view), archaic - obsolete, not corresponding to new views, rules (archaic use).
Weekday - everyday... Weekday - not a holiday (weekday); everyday - prosaic, monotonous (everyday work).
Breathe in - breathe. Inhale - to take in, to draw in air (to breathe in oxygen), to inspire something (to breathe in courage); breathe - breathe out (breathe a sigh of relief); rest a little (let me breathe); yearn, sad (sigh for children).
Educational - educational... Educational - related to education (educational system); educational - related to the educator (educational room).
Everyone - everyone... Everyone - everyone (every minute); all kinds - the most diverse (all kinds of searches).
Elective - selective... Elected - related to elections, elected by voting (elective office); selective - partial (random check)
Harmonic - harmonious... Harmonic - related to harmony (harmonic series); harmonious - harmonious, harmonious (harmonious personality).
Main - capital... Main - main, most significant, central, senior (main street); capital - related to the title (title role).
Engine - mover... Engine - a machine that sets in motion a force (electric motor); mover - what sets in motion, contributes to it (the mover of society, progress is outdated.).
Democratic - Democratic... Democratic - referring to democracy, democrat (democratic camp); democratic - characteristic of a democracy, a democrat (a democratic act).
Dynamic - dynamic. Dynamic - related to dynamics, motion (dynamic theory); dynamic - possessing great internal energy (dynamic pace).
Diplomatic - diplomatic. Diplomatic - related to diplomacy, diplomat (diplomatic post); diplomatic - subtly calculated, evasive (diplomatic behavior).
Long - long... Long - having a great length (long report); long - long term (long vacation, long period).
Voluntary - voluntary... Voluntary - performed without compulsion (voluntary labor); volunteer - referring to a volunteer (volunteer initiative, volunteer army).
Dramatic - dramatic... Dramatic - expressing strong feelings, full of drama (dramatic situation); dramatic - related to drama (drama circle).
Friendly - friendly... Friendly - referring to a friend, friends (friendly meeting); friendly - based on friendship (friendly country).
Pitying - pitying... Pitying - expressing sorrow, longing, suffering; plaintive, sad (pitiful voice); compassionate - inclined to pity, sympathy; compassionate, touching (compassionate words, people).
Spare - thrifty... Spare - available as a reserve (emergency exit); thrifty - able to stock up (thrifty person).
Evil - malicious... Evil - full of feelings of enmity (evil person); malicious - having a bad purpose, willful (malicious defaulter).
Executive - performing... Executive - diligent, having as his goal the implementation of something (executive worker); performing - referring to the performer (performing skill).
Business traveler - business trip... Posted - a person on a business trip (posted specialist); business trip - referring to a business traveler (travel expenses).
Comic - comic. Comic - related to comedy (comic character); comic - funny (comic look).
Critical - critical... Critical - referring to criticism (critical article); critical - having the ability to criticize (critical approach).
Logical - logical... Logical - related to logic (logical thinking); logical - correct, reasonable, consistent (logical reasoning).
Methodical - methodical... Methodical - related to methodology (methodical conference); methodical - exactly following the plan (methodical work).
Hateful - hateful... Hateful - infused with hatred (hateful actions); hateful - hateful (hateful enemy).
Intolerant - Intolerant... Intolerable - one that cannot be tolerated (intolerable cold); intolerant - intolerable (intolerant attitude).
Lunch - impoverish... To become poor - to become poor (to become poor as a result of inflation); impoverish - make poor (impoverish life).
Dangerous - cautious... Dangerous - associated with danger (dangerous bridge); cautious - acting cautiously (cautious person).
Clerk - unsubscribe... Clerk - an accidental mistake in writing (annoying clerk); unsubscribe - an answer that does not affect the essence of the case (daring unsubscribe).
Learn - learn... To master - to learn how to use something, to include in the circle of their activities (to master the release of new products); to learn - to make it habitual; understand, remember (assimilate what you read).
Organic - organic... Organic - related to the plant or animal world (organic matter); organic - inextricably linked, natural (organic integrity).
Condemnation - discussion... Conviction - an expression of disapproval, passing a sentence (conviction of a criminal); discussion - comprehensive consideration (discussion of the problem);
Responsible - responsible. Response - being the response (response); responsible - responsible, important (responsible employee).
Reporting - distinct... Reporting - related to the report (reporting period); distinct - well distinguishable (distinct sound).
Political - Political... Political - related to politics (politician); political - acting diplomatically, cautiously (political hint).
Intelligent - understandable. Intelligent - quickly understanding (quick-witted person); understandable - clear (understandable reason).
Representative - Representative. Representative - making an advantageous impression (personable appearance); representative - elected (representative body); related to representation, representative (representation expenses).
Presentation - giving. Presentation - presenting for acquaintance, nomination for promotion (presentation of characteristics); provision - the allocation of something to someone's order (granting a loan).
Perceptive - perceptible... Sharp-witted - able to notice (sharp-witted critic); conspicuous - conspicuous (conspicuous displeasure).
Realistic - realistic... Realistic - following realism (realistic painting); realistic - true, quite practical (realistic goal).
Hidden - secretive... Hidden - secret, invisible (latent threat); secretive - unrepentant (secretive person).
Tactical - tactical... Tactful - possessing tact (tactful act); tactical - related to tactics (tactical task).
Technical - technical. Technical - related to technology (technical progress); technical - possessing high skill (technical actor).
The lucky one is the lucky one. Lucky is happy; the one who is lucky (lucky researcher); successful - successful (lucky day).
Actual - factual. Factual - corresponding to the facts (actual state of affairs); factual - containing many facts (factual report).
Master's - economic... Master - related to the owner; such as that of a good owner (owner's interest); economic - busy with the economy, related to the economy (economic issues).
Explicit - Explicit. Explicit - obvious, unconcealed (clear superiority); distinct - distinct, well distinguishable (distinct whisper).
Task 6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and spell the word correctly.
Find mistakes in education and use
case forms of names of numerals;
numerals one and a half, one and a half hundred;
collective numerals, including numerals both, both;
comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives and adverbs;
nominative and genitive plurals of some nouns;
forms of the imperative mood of some verbs.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. Determine which part of speech this word belongs to.
2. If this name is a numeral, remember that
for complex quantitative names of numerals both sides are inclined;
Cases
50 - 80
200, 300, 400
500 - 900
fifty
toe and ten and
toe and ten and
fifty
five NS ten NS
oh heels and ten and
two hundred
dv uh honeycomb
dv mind st am
two hundred
dv being able st ami
oh dv uh st Oh
five hundred
toe and honeycomb
toe and st am
five hundred
five NS st ami
oh heels and st Oh
when declining compound ordinal numbers only changes the last word;
numeral both used with masculine and neuter nouns, and both- female;
Cases
M., cf. genus
G. genus
both
both
both
both
both
about both
both
both
both
both
both
about both
collective numbers ( two, three, four etc.) are used with nouns denoting males, the names of baby animals, paired objects, or having only a plural form.
3. If this name is an adjective, see if the forms of the degrees of comparison are formed correctly. Remember: you cannot mix simple and compound forms of degrees of comparison.
Comparison of adjectives
Comparative
Excellent
simple
compound
simple
compound
beautiful her (s)
less she
deeper e
more beautiful
less beautiful
beautiful eish- ui
magnitude aish- ui
nai hardest
most beautiful
most beautiful
Comparison of adverbs
comparative
excellent
simple
compound
compound
her (s)- it hurts - it hurts her, sick her
-e - easy - easy yeah- thin - thin e
adverb + more (less) more thin
less interesting
comparative + pronoun everyone, total:
did best of all (of all)
4. If it is a verb, pay attention to the correctness of the formation
forms of imperative mood;
forms of the past tense, used without a suffix, are -УУ-.
(there is - well - in the verb - error - correct answer)
5. If this is a noun, make sure the education is correct.
nominative plural forms;
forms of genitive plural.
Nominative case of plural
m sort
With the ending - and I(ending stress)
With the ending - s, -and ( accent based)
influence of the dual number)
Addresses, coast, century, fan, director, doctor, chute, inspector, boat, clover, feed, box, body, seine, district, leave, passport, cook, professor, variety, watchman, haystack, paramedic, wing, barn, ramrod, stack, stamp, anchor, hawk.
sentences, mines,
editors, snipers, tractors, tots, fronts, chauffeurs.
volumes
Locksmiths bakers
1. Animated foreign language nouns. on
-torus, -sor stylistically neutral: director
1. Animated foreign language nouns. on -er,
-er:engineers
2. Inanimate. foreign words in
-torus, -sop:processors
3. Animated foreign language nouns. on
-tor with a bookish tint: editors.
Remember: oil - pl. hours - oil a
cream - plural - cream NS(not cream a)
male
female
average
banknotes
giraffe
Hall
corrective
piano
roofing paper
tulle
shampoo
sandal, boot
cuff, callus
sneaker
reserved seat
gravy (with gravy)
slipper
shoe (no shoes)
surname
bast
tentacle
Task 7. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
1. Look for mistakes in sentences:
1) with homogeneous members; (look for homogeneous predicates with the conjunction I. Ask a question from a verb to homogeneous members of a sentence. The question should be the same, if not, then an error !!! This will be the correct answer. (I see ??? (missing sentence member) and proud nature? See what?, Proud of what?)
2) with participial phrases; (look at the end of the participle, remember that there must be agreement with the word being defined in gender, number, case.)
3) with proper names, enclosed in quotation marks and being the name of newspapers, magazines, books, paintings, films;
4) with derived prepositions thanks, according to, in spite of and the non-derivative preposition on, used in turns of speech upon completion, upon arrival, upon completion, upon arrival;
5) with double unions not only but; like ... so and;
6) using quotes;
7) starting with the words: all who ...; those who ...; none of those who ...
Task 8. Find the word missing the unstressed verifiable vowel of the root. Write this word by inserting the missing letter.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. Cross out words with alternating vowels, as they will not be the correct answer:
1.1. read each word carefully and look for words with alternating vowels at the root ( gar - gor, zar - zor, clan - clone, creature - creature, lag - lodge, bir - ber, pir - per, dir - der, tir - ter, mir - mer, blist - shine, style - stele, gig - burned, cheat - even, cas - kos, rast - rash - grew, skok - skoch, poppy - mok, equal - even).
2) select test words for the remaining words, remembering that among them there may be vocabulary words in which an unstressed vowel requires memorization;
3) if you find a dictionary word, then you can cross it out, since it will not be the correct answer;
4) if you managed to find a test for a word, in which an obscure vowel sound was stressed and clearly heard, then you have found the correct answer.
Task 9. Define a row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write these words by inserting the missing letter.
You need to know the following spelling rules:
spelling of prefixes in -З and -С;
spelling of the prefixes PRE and PRI;
PRE -
AT -
Stay (= re-)
Arrive (Approach)
Despise (hate)
Haunt (give someone shelter)
Betray (= over-)
Add (give in addition, change something, add)
Bow down, bow down (= over-)
Lean (Approach)
Translate (translate)
Pretend (incomplete action)
Transient (= re-)
Coming (coming closer)
Endure (endure)
Get used to (get used to)
Successor (= over-, take over)
Receiver (radio)
Die (die)
Put (put close)
Vicissitudes (coups in fate)
The gatekeeper - the gatekeeper
Immutable (immutable, indestructible)
Attach (attach)
Indispensable condition (mandatory)
Unacceptable conditions (impossible)
Limit (border)
Chapel (annex in the church)
Downplayed (very much)
Downplayed (slightly)
Remember:
PRE-
AT-
preamble, prevail, those in power, predicate, present, presentable, president, presidium, presumption, price list, prelude, deceive, do not fail, premiere, neglect, drug, present, obstacle, prerogative, prestige, challenger, preference
private, finicky, privilege, passing circumstances, handsome, picky, adventure, prima donna, primate, primitive, priority, regrettable, oath, pretense, embellish, unpretentious, bizarre
-Z and -C prefixes:
the spelling depends on the subsequent consonant
before voiced consonants - z appeal, rootless
before voiceless consonants - with
bake, carefree, silent
Task 10. Write down the word in which the letter E / I / is written at the place of the pass
Algorithm for completing the task:
1) Find out in which part of the word the letter is missing: in the ending or in the suffix.
2) If the vowel is missing in the ending, then use the indefinite form of the verb to set its conjugation:
vowels E, U are written in the personal endings of the verbs of the first conjugation;
in the personal endings of the verbs of the second conjugation, the vowels I, A (Z) are written.
3) If the vowel is missing in the suffix, then analyze the nature of the spelling:
missing vowel in participle suffixes yasch, yusch, asch, yasch, im, eat (ohm).
missing vowel before participle suffix lw, nn .
4) Spelling participle suffixes yasch, yasch, asch, yasch, im, eat (ohm) depends on the conjugation of the original verb:
in participles formed by from verbs I conjugations , suffixes are written uzh, yusch, eat (ohm) ;
in participles formed by from verbs II conjugations , suffixes are written asch, yasch, im.
5) Vowel spelling before suffixes participles lice and nn depends from being on yat - yat or it - it the indefinite form of the original verb ends:
eat or eat then before nn vowel is preserved in passive past participles and I);
if the original verb ends in it or it then before nn only written e ;
before the suffix vsh keeps the same vowel as before the end be in an indefinite form.
TIP: Put the verb in the 3rd person plural. (WHAT DO THEY DO? WHAT DO THEY DO?) E,
Ending - at-yat- verb 2 conjugation - in the endings you should write the letter AND.
Task 11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the pass
You need to know the spelling of suffixes
noun names ( ec, itz; inc, enk; out, in; ichk, echk; hik, ek );
adjectives ( iv, ev; liv, chiv );
verbs ( willow, yva; eva, ova; I, E before the shock suffix wa) .
Algorithm for completing the task:
1) Determine which part of speech (noun, adjective, verb) the word with the missing letter in the suffix belongs to.
2) Apply the required rule.
adjective
-ev- unstressed: glue ev oh, enamel ev th
-iv- percussion: flax iv th
Exception: mercy iv oh, holy fool iv th
-chiv-:infusion chiv th
-liv-: talent liv th
verb
-ova- (-eva-)
hang out
i hang
Yva- (-iva-)
to annoy
i'm annoyed
DEFINITION TABLE
ENDING VERBS AND COMMON SUFFIXES
Endings of verbs
Suffixes are valid. participles
Suffixes suffer. participles
I conjugation
rest
-eatwriteeat
-youwriteeat
youwriteyea
-NSwriteNS
arethoughthut
-ush-writeug ui
-usch-thoughtyusch ui
-oh-carriedohm th
-eat-blowing eatth
II conjugation
N.F. on - and be
-themstrthem
-youstrsee
-youstrgo
-atstryat
-atstoreyat
-sh-breatheasch ui
-sch-storebox ui
-them-storethem th
Task 12. Determine a sentence in which NOT with a nightingale is written LITTLE. (SEPARATE). Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
)? It should be remembered that the rules for writing NOT with different parts of speech can be grouped as follows:
Not with nouns, adjectives., Adverbs in O, E
NOT with nouns, qualitative adjectives, adverbs in - О and - Е;
NOT with verbs and participles;
NOT with participles.
together
apart
1.Not used without a NOT:
ignorant
fables
careless
ridiculous
1.If there is opposition with the uniona Not true, but a lie
Not joyful but sad
Not close but far
adverb not in O-E: did not enter like a friend
2.If a word with a prefix NOT can be matched with a synonym without NOT
Foe (enemy)
Misfortune (grief)
Enemy (enemy)
Unhappy (sad)
Not close (far away)
2. If with the word with NOT there are words far, at all, not at all, not at all, not at all
Far from beauty
Not a friend at all
Not at all interesting
Not at all sweet
3. Remember:
small
slave
confusion
imperfections
undergrowth
dunno
idiot
3. Remember:
not in measure, not in an example, not for good, not for haste, not to taste, not to strength, not to my liking, not to hand, etc .; b) neither give nor take, neither me nor here nor there, nor dawn, not for anything
not about anything, not a bottom, not a tire, not a sniff of tobacco, not a penny etc.
not one (nobody) - not one (many), not once (never) - not once (often) .
2.Not with verbs and participles
together
apart
1.Not used without a NOT:
resent (resent)
rampage (rampage)
unwell
dislike
hate
1.Always Separate
Was not
Not catching up
Without knowing
2.With the prefix under-
NEDO-= below normal, not 100%, be in insufficient quantity,
there is an antonym with re- (= excess)
undersalt soup (oversalt soup)
unsatisfactory result
lack = little
You lack patience.
^ I always lack money.
2.With prefixes no + up
not done to end
do not watch the film, do not take it home
She did not finish and fell silent.
(to end implied)
does not reach = does not reach
The rope is missing before floor.
Before poplar lacks the fifth floor
3. Not with participles and verbal adjectives.
together
apart
1.not used without NOT:
n units assuming (also, not packing without NOT)
2. There is NO opposition with the union A and
dependent words: n ez sown field (no a, ЗС)
1.s short participles: not_ closed
2. IS opposites with union a:
not_ finished, a started meeting
3. IS dependent the words:
not_ seeded in time field not yet plowed field
4.NOT and NOR with negative PRONOUNDS
together
apart
There is NO excuse between NOT and the pronoun: No one, no one
THERE IS a pretext
With no one, no one
Task 13. Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are written LITTLE (SEPARATE). Expand the brackets and write out these two words.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1) Read the sentence, think about its meaning.
2) Determine which part of speech the highlighted word belongs to.
Alliances so that, too, also, but, moreover, and, so, therefore, are written together ; they can be replaced with synonyms of the same part of speech.
Words similar to these unions in sounding of other parts of speech what would be the same the same, for that, though, at what , and so, from that are written separately. They consist of two components: one of them (same, would) can be either removed from the sentence, or rearranged to another place; another component (what, what, so, that) replace with other words.
Derivative prepositions are written together: CONSEQUENCE = because of, I LOOK = because of, ABOUT = oh, FACE = to, in spite of = in spite of.
Derivative prepositions are written separately: OVER = IN CONTINUATION, IN EXCELLENCE, IN CONCLUSION, OVER.
For continuous, hyphenated, or split adverbs, apply the appropriate rules.
Derivative prepositions
Nouns with prepositions
during
There was no news v flow of the year.
How long?
(time value)
in the course of (what?) rivers
Look v continuation (what?) series.
V(fast) currents rivers
Look v(soon) continuation series
in continuation
She said in continuation hours.
Finally articles
In the end, in the end
Sat v conclusions.
Sat v(in debt) conclusions.
in contrast from others
(used with from)
Difference v differences life.
Difference v(strong) differences life.
due to= because of
He did not come due to illness.
Remember: later And - adverb
in consequence
Intervened in consequence in the case of theft.
Intervened v(new) consequence in the case of theft.
like= like
vessel like flasks
Error v kind noun.
about= about, about
Reach an agreement about excursions.
Put on check in the bank.
Put on(mine) check.
towards= to
Go towards friend.
To go to a meeting with friends.
To go on(long awaited) meeting.
in view of= because of
In view of rain we did not go to the cinema.
I AM meant tomorrow. (stable expression).
as cone
in mind cities
(cone view, city view)
adverbs
Nouns with prepositions
climb up up (refer to the verb)
climb up to the top the mountains
on(most) top the mountains
shoes for me just right
in time flowering -
v ( spring) time to flowering
Derivative prepositions
Gerunds with negation
In spite of rain, drove out of town
(although it was raining).
Regardless of bad weather, we went on a hike.
(despite what?)
Despite father, he got up from the table.
Regardless of me, he left the room.
(= not looking)
Task 14. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which НН (Н) is written
determine to which part of speech a word with a missing letter belongs;
apply the spelling rule H and HH in the suffix of this part of speech.
Noun:
NN
N
1. If the root of a word ends in H, and the suffix begins with H:
malinn uk(mali n a)
2.If n. formed from an adj. having NN, or from a participle:
sicknessyenn spine(disease yenn th)
spoiledness(spoiled)
3. Remember: outrage nn itza
1. In words derived from noun, which have suffixes -in -, - an-, -yan-
peatyang uk(from noun peat)
2. In words derived from adj. with one H: studyn uk(from adj. study n th), martyr, toiler
3. In words:
bagr yang itza (bagr yang th), hemp yang uk (cannabis yang th)
var yen hic (var yong th), smoked yong awn (smoked yong th)
cost yang ika (cost yang oh), wise yong awn (wise yong th)
oil yen itza (oil yen th), oats yang itza (oats yang th)
GOST in itza (gost in th), firewood yang hic (firewood yang Oh)
smart yong awn (clever n th), velikomuch yen itza
Adjective:
NN
N
1.noun -H + -H-: karmann th
2. -OHN-, -ENN-: commissionion th, cranberriesyenn th,
! without wind nn th
3.exceptions with -JANN-: GLASSNN OUCH, TINNN OUCH, WOODNN OUCH
NS nn and you ( young th nat Uralists)
1.-IN-: goose in th
2.exception WINDN OUCH(day, person)
3. -AN- (-YAN-): skinsan th
Remember: NS n th;
bagr yang th, room yang oh, ry yang th, p yang oh, straight n th (historical suf. - YAN-); bar n uh, swi n oh si n oh, green n oh, one n oh, core n th.
In short adjectives, write as many n as in full
Tuma nn aya dal - dal tuma nn a
wind n th girl - girl in the wind n a
Communion:
N - NN IN SUFFIXES OF PARTICULARS AND SECONDARY APPENDICES
NN
N
1. There is a prefix: about seeded flour
(except for the prefix not-)
But: not asking her nn th flour
1. There is a prefix not-: not sowing n th flour
2. No ¬, but there is ZS: sowing nn and I through a sieve flour
2. No ¬: sowing n th flour
3.has a suffix -ova - / - eva-:
marin ovann cucumbers
3. Exceptions: kova n oh, chew n oh, bite n th (-ov-, -ev- are part of the root)
4. Formed from the perfective non-prescriptive verb:
Reshe nn th task (to solve - what with make?)
But: from wound nn th , wound nn th in leg fighter
! Being woundnn th, the soldier remained in the ranks.
The women immediately hung erasednn oh.(Suffering acc., Because they retain the verb meaning, indicate a temporary state, and not a permanent sign-quality)., Calm
4. Exception: wound n oh, windy
5. The same words in their direct meaning will be participles : name nn th play, it's over nn th work.
5. When a participle changes into an adjective name, it is possible to change the lexical meaning of the word: smart child, uninvited guest, named brother, planted father, dowry, Forgiveness Sunday, finished person.
Exceptions: cutesy, desired,
unheard of, unseen, sacred,
unexpected, unexpected, inadvertent, made, slow, not asleep, boastful, hammered
6. The spelling does not change in the composition of complex words: gold n oh, scrap n th-fracture n th, Word everything in general has value adj.(high degree of quality), not the meaning of "adj. + participle ".
7. Brief participles: the girl is spoiled n a
SHOULD BE DIFFERENT
Short adjective
Short participle
Girl raised nna (itself is a short appendix). Can be replaced with a full adjective: educated I am.
Girl raised n and in an orphanage (by whom?) - a short reason .. Replaced by the verb: the girl was brought up.
Adverb
Short participle of the neuter
chap. pl.
He answered deliberately(how? how?).
Deliberately is a circumstance.
natural cr. with
A business deliberate (what is it?) from all sides.
Considered - predicate.
Task 15. Arrange punctuation marks. Specify the numbers of the sentences in which you need to put one comma.
Execution algorithm:
1. Find homogeneous terms in the sentence.
2. Determine which unions connect them:
if it is a single connecting or separating union ( and, or, or, yes (= and ), comma in front of him not put ;
if it is a double union ( both ... and; not so much ... how much; not only but; although ... but ), a comma is placed only before the second part of the double conjunction ;
if this repeated unions , then comma is put only in front of those that are between homogeneous members ;
in front of adversarial alliances between homogeneous members always put a comma .
3. Check if the sentence contains homogeneous members connected in pairs. Remember: if homogeneous members in a sentence are connected in pairs, then a comma is placed between paired groups and only one!
Task 16. Solve punctuation marks: include all numbers, in place of which in the sentence must be commas.
Remember:
participial answers the questions which? which? which? which? ;
gerunds answers the questions what having done? what are you doing? And denotes an additional action with a verb - predicate ; participial turnover answers the questions as? when? why?
the setting of punctuation marks in the participial turnover depends on its location in relation to the noun being defined;
the adverbial turnover is always highlighted in the letter with commas;
homogeneous definitions and circumstances, expressed by participial and adverbial phrases and connected by a single union And, are not separated by a comma.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1) Find participles and adverbs in the sentence, correctly defining their boundaries. Always separated by commas.
2) Determine what position in the sentence the participial turnover occupies (BEFORE - is not separated by commas !!! AFTER the word being defined - is highlighted !!!).
3) Check if there are homogeneous members in the sentence with the conjunction And, expressed by participial or participial phrases. There is no comma in front of the AND conjunction.
4) .Attention! there should not be numbers in the middle of a turn, this is provocation!!! Eliminate them !!!Use the technique of excluding the highlighted turnover.
Task 17.
Remember: introductory words can be removed from a sentence without changing the main idea of the syntactic structure. Use the technique of excluding highlighted words.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1) Check if the highlighted words are introductory.
Introductory words can be removed from the sentence or replaced with synonymous introductory words; they are separated by commas.
Members of a sentence that are homonymous with introductory words cannot be removed without changing the meaning of the syntactic construction; they are not separated by commas.
Remember that words are not introductory and are not separated by commas: as if, as if, perhaps, for the most part, as if, literally, in addition, after all, in the final analysis, it seems, it is unlikely, all the same, after all, even, precisely, sometimes, as if, moreover, only, meanwhile, for sure, extremely rare, I suppose, certainly, definitely, partly, at least, truly, still, therefore, simply, albeit decisively, nevertheless, only, ostensibly.
Task 18. Arrange punctuation marks: include all numbers, in their place in the sentence must be commas.
Execution algorithm:
1. Find the grammatical foundations of the sentence.
2. Determine the boundaries of the main and subordinate parts.
3. Read the sentence, observing the selected signs. This will help to determine the incorrectly found solution, or, conversely, to confirm the correct choice.
Remember! As a rule, complex sentences are presented in this task. with clauses , in them union word which is not at the beginning of the subordinate clause, but In the middle her, therefore no comma is placed before the union word. (1.Exclude the numbers around the word "which"
4. Attention to the union I). Determine what it connects: parts of a complex sentence - a comma, homogeneous members of a sentence - no comma.
Task 19. Arrange punctuation marks: include all numbers, in their place in the sentence must be commas.
To complete the task, use the algorithm:
1. Indicate the grammatical foundations in the sentence.
2. Determine the boundaries of simple sentences in a complex syntactic structure.
3. See how these parts are related.
4. Find out if the sentence is present union And , and if present in the sentence, define what it connects:
if homogeneous members , then there is a comma in front of it not put ;
if parts of a complex sentence , then there is a comma in front of it put .
5. Find 2 unions next to each other: what if, what when, and if, and although, but when, so if, and when:
Comma between unions NOT put if the words go further in the sentence then, so, but
Comma between unions put, if no THAT, SO, BUT.
Task 20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Enter the answer numbers.
Particular attention should be paid to the second and third sentences:
they (argument and output) contain the main information;
therefore, among the answer options, one should look for one in which the information of the 2nd and 3rd sentences is combined.
Remember the main information is given only in its direct meaning. (EXACTLY and SPECIFICLY)
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. Highlight in each sentence the key words that are important for understanding the issue that is raised in this text; pay attention to the main part of complex sentences.
2. Determine the cause-and-effect relationship between sentences in the text by analyzing conjunctions, union words, introductory constructions.
3. Reduce the text by crossing out secondary information (various kinds of explanations, details, descriptions of minor facts, comments, lexical repetitions).
4. Convey in one sentence the main information contained in the text.
5. Correlate your version of text compression (your proposal that conveys its main idea) with the answer options.
Task 21. Which of the following statements are true? Enter the answer numbers.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. Read the text.
2. To determine his type of speech, use the technique of imaginary "photographing":
if it is possible to "photograph" the entire text in one frame, this is description ;
if it is possible to "photograph" the text with a successive series of frames - this is narration ;
if the text cannot be "photographed" - it is reasoning .
3. Remember that
description shows (this is what we see: a portrait of a person, a landscape, an interior);
narration tells (this is a chain of events or actions and actions of the characters);
reasoning proves and builds according to the scheme: thesis - proof - the final conclusion.
Determine what type of speech the proposed text belongs to.
Types of speech
Compositional scheme
Narration
(what happened?)
I came, I saw, I won.
report a sequence of actions or events.
Verbs are used.
Multiple frames
Exposition
Tie
Action development
Climax
5. Interchange
Description
(which?)
indicate the signs of an object, person, place, condition. Adjectives are used.
1 frame
From overall impression to detail.
Reasoning (why?)
substantiate this or that put forward position (thesis), explain the essence, causes of this or that phenomenon, event.
It talks about causes and effects, events and phenomena, their ideas, assessments, feelings. - that it is impossible to photograph.
1. Thesis (thought that is being proved) →
2.arguments (proofs, examples) →
3. conclusions.
Task 22. Write out synonyms (synonymous pair) from the specified sentences. (There may be different lexical means.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. If in the task you need to find a certain lexical unit in the specified passage of text, you must
remember the definition of this lexical unit:
Antonyms- these are words of the same part of speech, opposite in their lexical meaning.! Antonyms can be contextual, that is, they become antonyms only in this context.
Synonyms- These are words of the same part of speech, the same or similar in meaning, but different in sound and spelling. Like antonyms, synonyms can be contextual.
Homonyms-these are words, the samesound (withpossible differentwriting) or writesania (if possibledifferent soundnii), but different in meaning.
Histories- these are outdated words that have gone out of use due to the disappearance from life of objects and phenomena that they denoted.
Neologisms- new words of limited use.
Phraseologism- Lexically indivisible phrases reproduced in finished form: hang up your nose, win a victory, a crying voice)
Task 23. Among sentences 1-8 (there may be other sentence numbers), find one that is related to the previous one using a possessive pronoun (another means of communication). Write the number of this sentence.
Lexical means of communication required in task B7:
lexical repetitions (repetitions of words and phrases);
synonyms and synonymous substitutions;
contextual synonyms;
antonyms (including contextual ones).
Morphological means of communication:
unions;
personal, demonstrative and some other pronouns instead of words from previous sentences;
adverbs;
the degree of comparison of adjectives and adverbs.
The syntactic means of linking sentences include:
syntactic parallelism (the same word order and the same morphological design of the members of adjacent sentences);
parceling (removal of any part from the proposal and its registration in the form of an independent incomplete proposal);
incomplete sentences;
introductory words and sentences, addresses, rhetorical questions.
Algorithm for completing the task:
1. It is necessary to firmly learn the categories of pronouns, since the pronoun connection is most in demand in tasks of this type.
2. Remember that you must define the relationship of the given sentence with the previous , with the one that is before the proposal you are considering .
DISCHARGES OF PRONOUNDS BY VALUE
Personal
Unit h. pl. h.
1 l. - I we
2 p. - you you
3 l. - he, she, it they
Returnable
myself
Interrogative
Relative
who, what, what, whose, which, how much, what is
Undefined
someone, something, some, some, some, some, something, someone, someone, someone, some, some, some, some, some, some, some- sometime
Negative
nobody, nothing, no, nobody, nobody, nothing
Possessive
my, your, your, our, your, his, her, them
Indicative
that, this, such, such, so much, this (obsolete)
Definitive
all, everyone, everyone, himself, any, different, very, different
When declining some pronouns, the whole word changes: I - to me, you - to you ...
Distinguish between the categories of pronouns.
Wed Her (him, them) book- whose? - possessive pronoun.
We sawher (him, them ) - whom? - personal pronoun.
Who is the duty officer today? - interrogative pronoun.
We do not know, who duty today is a relative pronoun.
Task 24. Restore the terms missing in the text of the review, with the help of which the linguistic features of this text are characterized.
Algorithm for completing the task:
Carefully read the list of figurative and expressive means of language presented in the sample of answers.
Divide all terms into 3 groups: Paths, Figures, Vocabulary.
Read the review carefully, insert the necessary IVS.
4 . In case of difficulty, you can use the technique of excluding from the list of those terms that, according to their meaning, cannot be in the place of gaps in the text.
1. Trails - words and expressions used in a figurative sense:
epithet - figurative definition (Through wavy fog the moon sneaks in ... / А.S. Pushkin /);
impersonation - attribution of qualities, actions, emotions of a person to objects, nature, abstract concepts ( The earth sleeps in blue radiance / M.Yu. Lermontov /);
comparison - comparison of two objects or phenomena, in order to explain one of them with the help of the other ( Ice fragile on the icy river like melting sugar lies on. Nekrasov /);
metaphor - transfer of properties from one object to another based on their similarity (on mountain ash bonfire red / S.A. Yesenin /);
metonymy - allegorical designation of the subject of speech, "renaming", replacing one concept with another that has a causal relationship with it ( All flags will visit us / A.S. Pushkin /);
synecdoche - a kind of metonymy, when the name of the part is used instead of the name of the whole or vice versa (We all look at Napoleons / A.S. Pushkin /);
hyperbola - excessive exaggeration of certain properties of the depicted object (In a hundred thousand suns, the sunset blazed / V.V. Mayakovsky /);
litotes - excessive understatement of the properties of the depicted object or phenomenon (your spitz, adorable spitz, no more than a thimble / A.S. Griboyedov /);
irony - hidden mockery; the use of a word or expression in the opposite sense of the literal (Split, clever you are raving head? / I.A. Krylov /);
paraphrase – replacing the name of an object or phenomenon with a description of their distinctive features or an indication of characteristic features ( King of beasts/instead of a lion/);
2. Figures of speech - special syntactic constructions that give expressiveness to speech:
antithesis - a sharp opposition of concepts, thoughts, images (You are poor, You are abundant, You are powerful, You are powerless, Mother - Russia! / N.A. Nekrasov /);
inversion - reverse word order (turns white lonely sail/ M.Yu. Lermontov /);
gradation - the arrangement of words or expressions in ascending or descending order of their meaning (semantic or emotional) ( Shone, burned, shone huge blue eyes);
oxymoron - a contrasting combination of words that are opposite in meaning ( Dead souls, living corpse, sad joy);
parceling - deliberate violation of the boundaries of the proposal (It happened a long time ago. Anna had a problem. Big.);
anaphora - monotony, repetition of similar words at the beginning of stanzas or closely spaced phrases ( Wait me and I'll be back. Just wait really hard. Wait when the yellow rains bring sadness, Wait when the snow is swept Wait when it's hot Wait, when others are not expected, having forgotten yesterday / K. Simonov /);
epiphora - repetition of the same words or phrases at the end of several adjacent structures (I would like to know why I titular counselor? Why exactly titular counselor? / N.V. Gogol /);
a rhetorical question - a question that is posed in order to draw attention to a particular phenomenon (to be or not to be? / Shakespeare /);
rhetorical address - an emotional appeal to people who are not directly involved in communication, or to inanimate objects (People of the world, take care of the world!);
ellipsis - the omission of the predicate, giving the speech dynamism (We villages - to ashes, hails - to dust / V.A. Zhukovsky /);
lexical repetition - deliberate repetition of the same word or phrase to enhance emotionality, expressiveness of the statement (It seemed that everything in nature fell asleep: sleeping grass, slept trees, slept clouds).
questioningly - response form of presentation - a form of presentation in which questions and answers alternate (What to do? I don’t know. Who to ask for advice? Unknown.);
syntactic parallelism - the same syntactic structure of neighboring sentences, the same arrangement of similar members of the sentence in them (I look at the future with fear, / I look at the past with longing. / M.Yu. Lermontov /);
homogeneous members of a sentence .
3 .Lexical means of expression: Vocabulary
Dialect words - a word or phrase used in a particular locality (territorial dialectism), social group (social dialectism) or profession (professional dialecticism): rooster-cocks
Slang- speech of a social group, different from the general language, containing many artificial words and expressions. Jargon is different: salon, bourgeois, thieves, student, school, army, sports, etc. "Chuyat" - from the hunter's jargon, "amba" - from the sea.
Antonyms(Greek Ant - against and on uma - name) - words that have opposite meanings: "Treachery and Love", "Only the shine is whiter, the shadow is blacker."
Archaisms(from the Greek. Archaios - ancient) - an outdated word or turn of speech.
Neologisms(from the Greek. Neos - new and logos - word) - a word, newly formed, appeared in connection with the emergence of new concepts in life (in science, technology, culture, in everyday life). The neologism emphasizes the expressiveness of speech. For example, "mediocrity" instead of "mediocrity".
Synonyms(from the Greek - the same name) 1) Words, different in spelling, but close (or the same) in meaning: conquer-conquer (the enemy); run - rush; beautiful - adorable; hippopotamus - hippo. 2) Contextual synonyms are words or phrases that converge in meaning in the same context, these words are of an individual, situational nature: needle - Ostankino needle (tower); talk (murmur) of waves; noise (rustle, rustle, whisper) foliage.
Contextual synonyms - words or a combination of words that acquire a similar meaning only in a certain context. Doing nothing is passive rest.
Phraseologism - lexically indivisible, stable in its composition and structure, integral in meaning, a phrase reproduced in the form of a ready-made speech unit. (Frown up, win a victory, lower your head, bruise your nose, burn out with shame, grinning your teeth, sudden death, melancholy takes, bitter frost, fragile boat, delicate question, delicate position)
Homonyms- the same sounding words that have different meanings, for example: club (couple and sports), change your mind (a lot and change your decision). In oral speech, sound homonyms (homophones) appear - words that sound the same, although they are spelled differently: cry and cry, boil and open.
PART 2
It is necessary to analyze the proposed text, identifying the author's position on one of the problems raised in it, correctly and convincingly expressing your own attitude to what you read. The length of the essay is at least 200 words.
To complete the task correctly, you need to know criteria for evaluating part C.
Essay writing plan - reasoning on the proposed text
Regardless of the content of the text, you can use the following plan, drawn up on the basis of the requirements for completing the task of Part C:
1. Formulate the problem - K 1
2. Comment on the problem. K-2
4. Express your own opinion, agreeing or disagreeing with the author. K-4
5. Prove your point of view by giving at least two arguments (each of them is given in a new paragraph).
6. Final conclusion (conclusion).
Problem - a question that interests the author of the source text and causes his thoughts and reflections.
The lesson is devoted to the analysis of the task of the 8 exam in computer science
The 8th topic - "Programming algorithms with cycles" - is characterized as tasks of the basic level of complexity, the execution time is about 3 minutes, the maximum score is 1
Algorithmic structures with cycles
In task 8 of the exam, algorithmic structures with cycles are used. Let's consider them using the example of the Pascal language.
- For acquaintance and repetition While loop, .
- For acquaintance and repetition For loop, .
Sum of arithmetic progression
Formula for calculation n th element of the arithmetic progression:
a n = a 1 + d (n-1)
n members of an arithmetic progression:
- a i
- d- step (difference) of the sequence.
The sum of a geometric progression
Geometric progression property:
b n 2 = b n + 1 * q n-1
Formula for calculation denominator geometric progression:
\ [q = \ frac (b_ (n + 1)) (b_n) \]
Formula for calculation n th element of a geometric progression:
b n = b 1 * q n-1
Formula for calculation denominator geometric progression:
Formula for calculating the sum of the first n members of a geometric progression:
\ [S_ (n) = \ frac (b_1-b_ (n) * q) (1-q) \]
\ [S_ (n) = b_ (1) * \ frac (1-q ^ n) (1-q) \]
- b i- i-th element of the sequence,
- q Is the denominator of the sequence.
Solving the 8 Unified State Exam in Informatics
Unified State Exam in Informatics 2017 FIPI task option 15 (Krylov S.S., Churkina T.E.):
| 1 2 3 4 5 | var k, s: integer; begin s: = 512; k: = 0; while s |
var k, s: integer; begin s: = 512; k: = 0; while s
✍ Solution:
- In a loop k increases by unit (k - counter). Respectively, k will be equal to the number of iterations (repetitions) of the loop. After the end of the cycle k is displayed on the screen, i.e. this is the result of the program.
- In a loop s increases by 64 ... For simplicity of calculations, we take the initial s not 512 , a 0 ... Then the loop condition changes to s< 1536 (2048 — 512 = 1536):
- The loop will run while s<1536 , а s increases by 64 , it follows that the iterations of the cycle (steps) will be:
- Respectively, k = 24.
Result: 24
For a more detailed analysis, we suggest watching a video of the solution to this 8th task of the exam in computer science:
10 Training options for examination papers to prepare for the Unified State Exam in Informatics 2017, task 8, option 1 (Ushakov D.M.):
Determine what will be printed as a result of executing the following code snippet:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | var k, s: integer; begin k: = 1024; s: = 50; while s ›30 do begin s: = s- 4; k: = k div 2; end; write (k) end. |
var k, s: integer; begin k: = 1024; s: = 50; while s> 30 do begin s: = s-4; k: = k div 2; end; write (k) end.
✍ Solution:
Result: 32
For a detailed solution, see the video:
USE 8.3:
At what is the smallest integer entered number d after running the program, a number will be printed 192 ?
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | var k, s, d: integer; begin readln (d); s: = 0; k: = 0; while k ‹200 do begin s: = s + 64; k: = k + d; end; write (s); end. |
var k, s, d: integer; begin readln (d); s: = 0; k: = 0; while k< 200 do begin s:=s+64; k:=k+d; end; write(s); end.
✍ Solution:
Let's consider the algorithm of the program:
- The cycle depends on the variable k, which every iteration of the loop is increased by the value d(entered). The cycle will finish "work" when k will equal 200 or exceed it ( k> = 200).
- The result of the program is the output of the value of the variable s... In a loop s increases by 64 .
- Since, according to the assignment, it is necessary to display the number 192 , then the number of loop repetitions is defined as follows:
- Since in the loop k increases by value d, and the loop repeats 3 (in this case, the cycle ends at k> = 200), we compose the equation:
- Since the number turned out to be non-integer, then we check and 66 and 67 ... If we take 66 , then:
those. the cycle after three passes will continue to work, which does not suit us.
- For 67 :
- This number 67 we are satisfied, it is the smallest possible, which is required by the assignment.
Result: 67
For an analysis of the assignment, see the video:
Unified State Exam in Informatics task 8.4 (source: option 3, K. Polyakov)
Determine what will be printed as a result of the following program snippet:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | var k, s: integer; begin s: = 3; k: = 1; while k ‹25 do begin s: = s + k; k: = k + 2; end; write (s); end. |
var k, s: integer; begin s: = 3; k: = 1; while k< 25 do begin s:=s+k; k:=k+2; end; write(s); end.
✍ Solution:
Let's analyze the listing of the program:
- The result of the program is the output of the value s.
- In a loop s changes, increasing by k, with the initial value s = 3.
- The cycle depends on k... The cycle will end when k> = 25... Initial value k = 1.
- In a loop k is constantly increasing by 2 -> means you can find the number of loop iterations.
- The number of loop iterations is:
(since k initially equaled 1 , then in the last, 12th passage of the cycle, k = 25; loop condition is false)
- V s the sum of the arithmetic progression is accumulated, the sequence of elements of which is more convenient to start with 0 (not with 3 as in the program). Therefore, imagine that at the beginning of the program s = 0... But let's not forget that at the end it will be necessary to add 3 to the result!
- Then the arithmetic progression will look like:
- There is a formula for calculating the sum of an arithmetic progression:
s = ((2 * a1 + d * (n - 1)) / 2) * n
where a1- the first member of the progression,
d- difference,
n- the number of members of the progression (in our case, the number of loop iterations)
- Let's substitute the values into the formula:
- Let's not forget that we must add to the result 3 :
- This is the meaning s, which is displayed as a result of the program.
Result: 147
The solution to this task of the Unified State Exam in Informatics video:
Unified State Exam in Informatics task 8.5 (source: option 36, K. Polyakov)
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | var s, n: integer; begin s: = 0; n: = 0; while 2 * s * s ‹123 do begin s: = s + 1; n: = n + 2 end; writeln (n) end. |
var s, n: integer; begin s: = 0; n: = 0; while 2 * s * s< 123 do begin s:= s + 1; n:= n + 2 end; writeln(n) end.
✍ Solution:
Let's analyze the listing of the program:
- In the loop, the variable s constantly increasing per unit(works like a counter) and the variable n in the loop increases by 2 .
- As a result of the program, the value is displayed on the screen n.
- The cycle depends on s, and the work of the cycle will end when 2 * s 2> = 123.
- It is necessary to determine the number of loop passes (loop iterations): for this, we determine the smallest possible s, to 2 * s 2> = 123:
Or it would simply be necessary to find the smallest possible even number> = 123, which, when divided by 2 would return the computed root of the number:
S = 124/2 = √62 - does not fit! s = 126/2 = √63 - does not fit! s = 128/2 = √64 = 8 - fits!
- Thus, the program will execute 8 loop iterations.
- We define n, which increases each step of the cycle by 2 , means:
Result: 16
A video of this USE assignment is available here:
Unified State Exam in Informatics, task 8.6 (source: option 37, K. Polyakov with reference to O.V. Gasanov)
Write the smallest and largest value of the number separated by commas d, which must be entered so that after the program is executed, the 153 ?
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | var n, s, d: integer; begin readln (d); n: = 33; s: = 4; while s ‹= 1725 do begin s: = s + d; n: = n + 8 end; write (n) end. |
var n, s, d: integer; begin readln (d); n: = 33; s: = 4; while s<= 1725 do begin s:= s + d; n:= n + 8 end; write(n) end.
✍ Solution:
Let's analyze the listing of the program:
- The program cycle depends on the value of the variable s, which in the cycle is constantly increasing by the value d (d entered by the user at the beginning of the program).
- In addition, in the loop, the variable n increases by 8 ... Variable value n is displayed at the end of the program, i.e. on assignment n by the end of the program should n = 153.
- It is necessary to determine the number of loop iterations (passes). Since the initial value n = 33, and at the end it should become 153 increasing by 8 then how many times 8 "Fits" in 120 (153 — 33)? :
- As we have determined, the cycle depends on s, which at the beginning of the program s = 4... For simplicity of work, we will assume that s = 0, then we will change the loop condition as well: instead of s<= 1725 сделаем s <= 1721 (1725-1721)
- Find d... Since the loop is running 15 times, then you need to find an integer that, when multiplied by 15 would return a number more than 1721:
- 115 Is the smallest d at which n will become equal 153 (in 15 steps of the cycle).
- Find the greatest d... To do this, you need to find a number that corresponds to the inequalities:
- Let's find:
- Greatest d = 122
Result: 115, 122
Watch the video of this 8th task of the exam:
8 task. Demo version of the exam 2018 informatics:
Write down the number that will be printed as a result of the next program.
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | var s, n: integer; begin s: = 260; n: = 0; while s ›0 do begin s: = s - 15; n: = n + 2 end; writeln (n) end. |
var s, n: integer; begin s: = 260; n: = 0; while s> 0 do begin s: = s - 15; n: = n + 2 end; writeln (n) end.
✍ Solution:
- Consider the algorithm:
- The cycle depends on the value of the variable s which is initially equal to 260 ... In the loop, the variable s constantly changes its value, decreasing at 15.
- The cycle will complete its work when s<= 0 ... So, you need to count how many numbers 15 Will be included in the number 260 , in other words:
- This figure should correspond to the number of steps (iterations) of the loop. Since the condition of the cycle is strict - s> 0, we will increase the resulting number by one:
- Let's check it with a simpler example. Let's say initially s = 32... Two passes of the loop will give us s = 32/15 = 2.133 ..... Number 2 more 0 therefore, the cycle will run for a third time.
- As a result, the program prints the value of the variable n(the desired result). In the loop, the variable n initially equal to 0 , increases by 2 ... Since the cycle includes 18 iterations, we have:
Result: 36
For a detailed solution to this 8 task from the 2018 USE demo, see the video:
Solution 8 of the USE task in computer science (control option No. 2 of the 2018 examination paper, S. S. Krylov, D. M. Ushakov):
Determine what will be printed as a result of the program execution:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | var s, i: integer; begin i: = 1; s: = 105; while s ›5 do begin s: = s - 2; i: = i + 1 end; writeln (i) end. |
var s, i: integer; begin i: = 1; s: = 105; while s> 5 do begin s: = s - 2; i: = i + 1 end; writeln (i) end.
✍ Solution:
- Let's consider the algorithm. The cycle depends on the variable s which decreases every iteration of the loop on 2.
- The loop also contains a counter - a variable i which will increase per unit exactly as many times as there are iterations (passes) of the loop. Those. as a result of program execution, a value equal to the number of loop iterations will be printed.
- Since the loop condition depends on s, we need to calculate how many times can s decrease by 2 in a loop. For the convenience of counting, let's change the loop condition to while s> 0; since we s reduced by 5 , respectively, we will change the 4th line to s: = 100 (105-5):
- In order to calculate how many times the cycle will be executed, you need 100 split into 2 since s each step of the loop decreases by 2: 100/2 = 50 -> the number of loop iterations
- In the 3rd line we see that the initial value i is an 1 , i.e. in the first iteration of the loop i = 2... Hence, we need to add to the result (50) 1 .
- 50 + 1 = 51
- This value will be displayed on the screen.
Result: 51
Solution 8 of the task of the Unified State Exam in Informatics 2018 (diagnostic version of the exam paper of 2018, S.S.Krylov, D.M. Ushakov, Trainer of the Unified State Exam):
Define the value of a variable c after executing the next section of the program. Write your answer as an integer.
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | a: = - 5; c: = 1024; while a ‹› 0 do begin c: = c div 2; a: = a + 1 end; |
a: = - 5; c: = 1024; while a<>0 do begin c: = c div 2; a: = a + 1 end; 1000 do begin s: = s + n; n: = n * 2 end; write (s) end.
var n, s: integer; begin n: = 1; s: = 0; while n<= 1000 do begin s:= s + n; n:= n * 2 end; write(s) end.
✍ Solution:
- The loop condition depends on the variable n, which changes in the cycle according to obtaining powers of two:
Consider the algorithm:
Write down the number that will be printed as a result of the following program:
Pascal:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | var s, n: integer; begin s: = 522; n: = 400; while s - n> 0 do begin s: = s - 20; n: = n - 15 end; write (s) end. |
var s, n: integer; begin s: = 522; n: = 400; while s - n> 0 do begin s: = s - 20; n: = n - 15 end; write (s) end.
✍ Solution:
- There is a loop in the algorithm. In order to understand the algorithm, let's trace the initial loop iterations:
- We see that in the condition the difference between the values is 5 :
This means that at the 24th iteration of the loop, the variables s and n obtained such values, after which the condition still remains true: 2> 0. At the 25th step, this condition is satisfied:
Result: 22
We offer you to watch a video of solving the task:
Option 1
1. Task 8
2. Task 8
3. Task 8 Opre-de-li-those word, in which-rum is about-pus-shch-on without-punch-naya pro-ve-ry-e-may vowel of the root. You-pi-shi-te this word, inserting the pro-empty letter.
4. Task 8 Define-de-li-those word, in which-rum is pro-poo-shch-na no-punch-naya che-re-du-yu-shcha-i-sya root vowel. You-pi-shi-te this word, inserting the pro-empty letter.
5. Task 8 Opre-de-li-those word, in which-rum is about-pus-shch-on without-punch-naya pro-ve-ry-e-may vowel of the root. You-pi-shi-te this word, inserting the pro-empty letter.
6. Task 8 Opre-de-li-those word, in which-rum is about-pus-shch-on without-punch-naya pro-ve-ry-e-may vowel of the root. You-pi-shi-te this word, inserting the pro-empty letter.
7. Task 8
8. Task 8 Opre-de-li-those word, in which-rum is about-pus-shch-on without-punch-naya pro-ve-ry-e-may-vowel-naya root. You-pi-shi-te this word, inserting the pro-empty letter.
10. Task 8 Opre-de-li-those word, in which-rum is about-pus-shch-on without-punch-naya pro-ve-ry-e-may vowel of the root. You-pi-shi-te this word, inserting the pro-empty letter.
Option 2
1. Task 8 Opre-de-li-those word, in which-rum is about-pus-shch-on without-punch-naya pro-ve-ry-e-may vowel of the root. You-pi-shi-te this word, inserting the pro-empty letter.
stab..li-za-zation prov ..
deputy..reet (from not-expect-dan-no-sti)
2. Task 8 Define-de-li-those word, in which-rum is pro-poo-shch-na no-punch-naya che-re-du-yu-shcha-i-sya root vowel. You-pi-shi-te this word, inserting the pro-empty letter.
open..snay-sya pr..ten-ziya propose..gat note..approval ub..di-tel-but
3. Task 8 Opre-de-li-those word, in which-rum is about-pus-shch-on without-punch-naya pro-ve-ry-e-may vowel of the root. You-pi-shi-te this word, inserting the pro-empty letter.
b..reza z..rnitsa burn to..mmer-sant burn..year
4. Task 8 Define-de-li-those word, in which-rum is pro-poo-shch-na no-punch-naya che-re-du-yu-shcha-i-sya root vowel. You-pi-shi-te this word, inserting the pro-empty letter.
ec..logy g..mna-zist start..na-yu-s.mpa-tia et..label
5. Task 8 Opre-de-li-those word, in which-rum is about-pus-shch-on without-punch-naya pro-ve-ry-e-may vowel of the root. You-pi-shi-te this word, inserting the pro-empty letter.
n..jney-shii et..mark of the morning..mbo-vat int..lllek-tu-al-ny z..rnitsa
6. Task 8 Opre-de-li-those word, in which-rum is about-pus-shch-on without-punch-naya pro-ve-ry-e-may vowel of the root. You-pi-shi-te this word, inserting the pro-empty letter.
nak..rmit b..log sb..gat-sya-dits..onny ap..lllya-tsion
7. Task 8 Define-de-whether-those word, in which-rum pro-poo-shch-on without-shock pro-ver-not-may-vowel of the root.
zat..nenny vyt .. rat-sya bl..stet computer .. awning r .. shenie
8. Task 8 Opre-de-li-those word, in which-rum is about-pus-shch-on without-punch-naya pro-ve-ry-e-may-vowel-naya root. You-pi-shi-te this word, inserting the pro-empty letter.
make .. add-on ph..lo-logic spread..align floor..definedef..de-pour
10. Task 8 Opre-de-li-those word, in which-rum is about-pus-shch-on without-punch-naya pro-ve-ry-e-may vowel of the root. You-pi-shi-te this word, inserting the pro-empty letter.
in..rho-vie ornam..nt selects ...
