"Walking Beyond Three Seas" is an old Russian work in the style of diary entries. The author, a Tver merchant Afanasy Nikitin, describes his journey through Derbent and Baku by dry route to Persia and then to India. The journey lasted from 1466 to 1472. On the way back, before reaching Smolensk, Afanasy Nikitin died.
(Old Russian text with small abbreviations)
In the summer of 6983 (...) of the same year, the writing of Ofonas, the tveritin of a merchant, was acquired, that he had been in Ynday for 4 years, and, he says, went with Vasily Papin. As for the experiments, if Vasily went with the krechaty as an ambassador from the Grand Duke, and told us - a year before the Kazan campaign he came from the Horde, if Prince Yurya was near Kazan, then they shot him near Kazan. Behold, it is written that he did not get it, he went in some summer or in some summer he came from Yndey, he died, as well. they say that, dei, Smolensk did not reach, he died. And he wrote the scripture with his own hand, like his hands those tetrati brought guests to Mamyrev Vasily, to the diyak to the Grand Duke in Moscow.
For the prayer of our holy fathers. Lord Jesus Christ, son of God, have mercy on me, servant of your sinful Afonasya Mikitin son.
Behold, I have written my sinful journey across the three seas: 1st Sea of Derben, Doria Khvalitskaa; 2nd Indian Sea, dorea Gundustanskaa; 3rd Black Sea, Doria Stebolskaya.
Poidokh from the Savior of the Holy Golden-Domed and by his mercy, from his sovereign from the Grand Duke Mikhail Borisovich of Tversk, and from Vladyka Gennady of Tverskoy, and Boris Zakharyich.
And went down the Volga. And he came to the Kolyazin monastery to the holy Trinity of the life-giving and to the holy martyrs Boris and Gleb. And he blessed the abbot with Macarius and the holy brothers. And Kolyazin went to Uglech, and from Uglech they let me go voluntarily. And I’ll go out from there, from Uglech, and you came to Kostroma to Prince Alexander with the grand duke’s letter. And he let me go voluntarily. And you came to Pleso voluntarily.
And I came to Novgorod in Nizhnyaya to Mikhail x Kiselev, to the governor, and to the duty officer to Yvan to Saraev, and they let me go voluntarily. And Vasiley Papin drove past the city for two weeks, and waited in Novyegrad in Nizhny for two weeks for the Tatar ambassador Shirvanshin Asanbeg, and rode from the krechata from the Grand Duke Ivan, and he had ninety krechats.
And you came with them to the bottom of the Volga. And Kazan I passed voluntarily, did not see anyone, and I passed the Horde, and Uslan, and Sarai, and Berekezans I passed. And I drove into Buzan. Three filthy Tatars ran over us and told us false news: "Kaisym saltan is guarding the guests in Buzan, and with him three thousand Tatars." And the ambassador Shirvanshin Asanbeg gave them one odnorotka and a canvas, so that they would lead them past Haztarakhan. And the ony, filthy Tatars, took one by one, and gave the news to the king in Khaztarakhan. And I left my ship and climbed onto the ship for a word and with my comrades.
I drove past Khaztarakhan, and the moon was shining, and the tsar saw us, and the Tatars called to us: "Kachma, don't run!" And we didn’t hear anything, but I ran with a sail. Because of our sin, the king sent his entire horde after us. Ini they comprehended us on Bogun and taught us how to shoot. And we shot a man, and they shot two Tatars. And our smaller ship was on the move, and they took us and that hour they plundered, and mine was all small junk all in the smaller ship.
And in a large ship I reached the sea, but it was at the mouth of the Volga aground, and they took us there, but I ordered the ship to be pulled up to the ride. And then our larger ship was robbed and four heads were taken by the Russians, and we were released with our bare heads across the sea, and the news of the division was not allowed up.
And I went to Derbent, crying, two courts: in one ship the ambassador Asanbeg, and the Teziks, and there are ten of us Russians; and in the other ship there are 6 Muscovites, and six tverichi, and cows, and our food. And the furtova stood on the sea, and the smaller ship crashed on the shore. And that is the town of Tarkhi, and people went ashore, and the kaytaks came and the people caught everyone.
And I came to Derbent, and that Vasily came to good health, and we robbed, And I beat Vasily Papin with my forehead and the ambassador Shirvanshin Asanbeg, that I came with him to grieve about the people that they were caught under Tarkhi Kaitaki. And Asanbeg grieved and went to the mountain to Bulatubeg. And Bulatbeg sent a runner to Shirvanshibeg that: "Sir, the Russian ship was smashed under Tarkhi, and the kaytaks, when they came, people caught, and their goods were plundered."
And Shirvanshabeg of the same hour sent an ambassador to his brother-in-law Alilbeg, the Kaitachev prince, that: "My ship was smashed under Tarkhi, and your people, when they came, they caught people, and their goods were robbed; and their goods were collected, then those people were sent to my name. And what will you need from me, and you come to me, and I will not harrow you, my brother. And those people went to my name, and you would have let them go to me voluntarily, sharing me. " And Alilbeg of that hour people sent everyone to Derbent voluntarily, and from Derbent they sent them to Shirvanshi in his yard - koitul.
And we went to the shirevansha vo and koitul and beat him with the forehead, so that he would grant us, than get to Russia. And he gave us nothing, but there are many of us. And we, crying, let go koi kuda: whoever has what in Russia, and he went to Russia; but koi should, and he went where his eyes carried. Others stayed in Shamakhi, while others went to work for Baka.
And yaz went to Derbenty, and from Derbent to Baka, where the fire is inextinguishable; and from Baki I went across the sea to Chebokar.
Yes, here I lived in Chebokar for 6 months, and lived in Sara for a month, in the Mazdran land. And from there to Amily, and here I lived for a month. And from there to Dimovant, and from Dimovant to Ray. And that one was killed by Shausen, the Aleev children and the grandchildren of the Makhmetevs, and he cursed them, and in other 70 cities they fell apart.
And from Drei to Kasheni, and here I was a month, and from Kasheni to Nain, and from Nain to Ezdeya, and here I lived for a month. And from Dies to Syrchan, and from Syrchan to Tarom, and the funiki feed the beast, batman 4 altyns each. And from Torom to Lara, and from Lara to Bendery, and here there is a Gurmyzskoe refuge. And here there is the Indian Sea, and in the Parsean language there is also Hondustani Doria; and from there go by sea to Gurmyz 4 miles.
And Gurmyz is on the island, and every day the sea takes him twice a day. And then you took the first Great day, and you came to Gurmyz four weeks before the Great days. And then you did not write all the cities, many great cities. And in Gurmyz there is a varno sun, it will burn a person. And I was in Gurmyz for a month, and from Gurmyz I went across the Indian Sea along Velitsa for days to Radunitsa, to Tava with the horses.
And I went by sea to Moshkat for 10 days; and from Moshkat to Degu 4 days; and from Degas Kuzryat; and from Kuzryat Konbaatu. And then it will give birth to paint and lek. And from Konbat to Ciuvila, and from Ciuvila, we went on the 7th week along Velica, and went in Tava for 6 weeks by sea to Chiuville.
And here there is an Indian country, and people are all naked, and their heads are not covered, and their breasts are bare, and their hairs are braided in one braid, and everyone is paunchy, and children will be born every year, and they have many children. And the men and women are all naked, and all are black. Yaz where I go, but there are many people behind me, but they marvel at the white man. And their prince has a fota on his head, and the other on a guzne; and the boyars have a photo on the splash, and the other on the goose, the princes walk around the photo on the lap, and the other on the goose. And the princes 'and boyars' servants - the fota on the guzne was rounded, and the shield, and the sword in hand, and some with sulitsa, and some with knives, and some with sabers, and others with bows and arrows; and all are naked, and barefoot, and boggy, and they don’t shave their hair. And the little girls walk around their head is not covered, and the breasts are bare; and paropki and girls walk naked up to seven years old, they are not covered with litter.
And the island of Chyuvila went dry until Pali 8 days, to the Indian mountains. And from Pali to Die 10 days, and that is an Indian city. And from Die to Chyuner 7 days.
Tu is an Indian Asatkhan Chyunersky, and a slave is a meliktucharov. And he keeps, he says, this from the meliktochara. And meliktuchar sits on 20 tons; and he has been fighting with kafar for 20 years, then he is beaten, then he beats them many times. Khan As goes to people. And he has many elephants, and he has many good horses, and his people are many Khorosans. And they are brought from the Khorosan lands, and some from the Orap land, and some from the Turkmen lands, and others from the Chebotai lands, and they bring everything by sea in Tavas - Indian boats.
And the sinful yaz brought the stallion to the Yndish land, and you came to the Chyuner God of deeds, good for everything, and became a hundred rubles. Their winter began with Trinity days. And I spent the winter in Chyuner, lived for two months. Every day and night for 4 months, water and mud are everywhere. On the same days, they shout and sow wheat, and tuturgan, and legs, and everything edible. Their wine is repaired in great nuts - kozi gundustan; and the mash is repaired in tatna. The horses are fed nofut, and kichiris is boiled with sugar, and the horses are fed with butter, and they give them sheshni to hurt. In the Yndish land, horses will not give birth to them, oxen and buffaloes will be born in their land, the same people ride the goods, they carry other things, they do everything.
Chunerey, however, has a city on the island on a stone, not made by anything, created by God. And one person at a time go up the mountain: the road is narrow, and two people cannot go.
In the Yndish land, guests are set up in the courtyard, and they cook food for the guests of the lady, and the bed is made for the guests of the lady, and they sleep with the guests. Sikish iliresen oppressor of beresin, sikish ilmes ek resident of bersen, dostur avrat chektur, and sikish mufut; but love white people.
In winter, they have people walking on the goose, and the other on the shoulder, and the third on the head; and the princes and boyars of the crowd put on trousers, and a shirt, and a caftan, and a photo on the shoulder, and gird it with another, and dodge the third head. And ce Olo, Olo abr, Olo ak, Olo kerem, Olo ragim!
And in that one in Chyuner, the khan took a stallion from me, and he learned that the Yaz was not a non-German - a Rusyn. And he says: "I will give a stallion and a thousand golden ladies, and stand in our faith - in Mahmetdeni; and if you do not stand in our faith, in Mahmatdeni, I will take away the stallion and a thousand gold on your head." And he made the term for four days, in Ospozhino it was shit for Spas Day. And the Lord God had mercy on his honest holiday, did not leave his mercy from me, a sinner, and did not order me to perish in Chyuner with the wicked. And on the eve of Spasov's days, the hostess Makhmet Khorosan came and beat him with his forehead so that he would grieve about me. And he went to the khan in the city and asked me to leave so that they would not put me in faith, and he took my stallion from him. This is Ospodarevo Chyudo on Spasov Day. Ino, the brothers of Rustia are Christians, who wants to go to the Indian land, and you leave your faith in Russia, but exclaiming Makhmet and go to the Gundustan land.
The deermen dogs lied to me, and they said a lot of our goods, but there was nothing for our land: all the white goods for the desermen land, pepper and paint, it’s cheap. Ino they carry the ache by sea, and they don’t give a duty. And other people will not allow us to carry out duties. And there are many duties, and there are many robbers on the sea. And all the kafars, neither the peasants, nor the devil, break; but they pray like a stone idiot, but they don't know Christ, they don't know Mahmet.
And Is Chyunerya went out on Ospozhin day to Beder, to their great city. And I walked for a month to Beder; and from Beder to Kulonkerya 5 days; and from Kulonger to Kohlberg 5 days. There are many cities in between those great cities; three cities each day, and another four cities; Kolko kovs, only hail. From Chyuvila to Chyuner, there are 20 covs, and from Chyuner to Beder, 40 covs, and from Beder to Kulonger, 9 covs, and from Beder to Koluberg, 9 covs.
In Beder, however, bargaining for horses, for goods, and for damask, and for silk, for all other goods, and black people buy in it; while others are not in it. Yes, all their goods from the Gundustanskoy, but all their food is vegetables, but there is no commodity on the Russian land. And all the black people, and all the villains, and the girls are all whores, yes, lead, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, and potion, having contested they blast with potion.
All the Khorosans reign in the Yndish land, and all the Khorosans are the boyars. And the Gundustans are all pedestrians, and the Khorosans walk on horseback, and some are all pedestrians, go greyhounds, and all are naked and barefoot, with a shield in their hand, and a sword in the other, and others with great bows with straight arrows and arrows. And fight them all elephants. Yes, pedestrians are allowed in advance, and the Horosans are on horseback and in armor, and the horses themselves. And to the elephant they knit great swords to the snout and to the tooth, forged by the kentar, and they will sheathe them in damask armor, and small towns have been set up on them, and in small towns there are 12 people in armor, and all with cannons and arrows.
They have one place, shikhb Aludin pir yatyr bazaar Alyadinand. For a year there is a single bazaar, the whole country of Indian trade gathers, but they trade for 10 days; from Beder 12 coves. They bring horses, sell up to 20 thousand horses, take all kinds of goods. In the Gundustan land, the best bargaining is, every product is sold and bought in memory of Shikh Aladin, and in Russian for the Protection of the Holy Mother of God. There is a gukuk bird in that Alyand, the night flies, and calls: "kuk-kuk", and on which the horomine sits, then a person will die; and whoever wants to kill her, otherwise, fire will come out of her mouth. And mammon walk about in nights, and eat chickens, but live in grief or in stone. And monkeys, then they live in the forest. And they have a monkey prince, but he walks with his army. But whoever misses, and they sympathize with their prince, and he sends his army to that one, and they, having come to the city, ruin the courtyards and beat people. And their rati, they say, are many, and they have their own language. And they will give birth to many children; but which will be born neither in the father nor in the mother, and those are being thrown on the roads. Some of the Hindustans imitate those, but teach them all kinds of handicrafts, while others are sold for nights so that they do not know to run back, while others are taught by the mikanet base.
Spring, however, began with them from the Protection of the Holy Mother of God. And they celebrate Shiga Aladina, spring is two weeks after the Pokrov, and they celebrate 8 days. And spring is 3 months, and summer is 3 months, and winter is 3 months, autumn is 3 months.
In Bedery, their table is for Gundustan the desermen. And the city is great, and there are many people. And the Saltan is small - 20 years, and the boyars are holding, and the princes are Khorosans, and all the Khorosans are fighting.
There is a Khorosanets meliktuchar boyar, otherwise he has two hundred thousand armies of his, and Melikhan has 100 thousand, and Faratkhan has 20 thousand, and many of those khans have 10 thousand armies. And with the saltan come out three hundred thousand of their troops.
And the land is crowded with velmi, and the rural people are naked velmi, and the boyars are strong, kind and magnificent velmi. And they all carry them on their bed on silver coins, and before them they lead horses in tackle of gold up to 20; and on horseback behind them 300 people, and on foot five hundred people, and pipe workers 10 people, and nuggets 10 people, and flutes 10 people.
Saltan goes out for fun with his mother and his wife, sometimes with him a man on horseback 10 thousand, and fifty thousand on foot, and two hundred elephants, dressed in gilded armor, and before him a hundred pipe-makers, and a hundred dancers, and ordinary horses 300 in gold gear, and a hundred monkeys behind him, and a hundred whores, and all Gauroks.
In the Saltanov yard there are seven gates, and in the gates he sits a hundred watchmen and a hundred kafar scribes. They write down who will go, and they write down who will come out. Garips are not allowed into the city. And his courtyard is chuden velmi, everything is on the neckline and on gold, and the last stone is carved and described by velmi in gold. Yes, in his courtyard, the courts are rosy.
The city of Beder is guarded at night by a thousand people of kutovalovs, and they ride a horse in armor, and everyone has a light.
And he sold his stallion's yaz in Bederi. Yes, you gave him sixty and eight feet, and you fed him for a year. In Beder, however, snakes walk the streets, and its length is two fathoms. He came to Beder about the plot about Filipov and Kulongerya, and sold his stallion about the Nativity.
And then I went to the Great Conspiracy in Bedery and got to know many Indians. And I told them my faith that I am not a non-German and a Christian, but the name of Ophonasei, but the non-German name of the owner, Isuf Khorosani. And they did not learn to cover anything from me, neither about food, nor about trade, nor about manaz, nor about other substances, nor did they learn to cover up from me.
Yes, about faith about their crucifixion, everything, and they say: we believe in Adam, but it seems, that is, Adam and his entire race. And faith in Indians of all 80 and 4 faiths, and all believe in buta. And faith with faith neither drink, nor eat, nor marry. And other boranina, and chickens, and fish, and eggs, and not to eat oxen, nikakaa vera.
In Beder, it would take 4 months and it was announced that the Indians would go to Pervoti, then their Jerusalem, and on the desermen's Myagkat, where their butkhan is. In the same place, go to the Indians so they will be khans for a month. And bargaining at Butkhana for 5 days. But the butkhana velmi is great, from half of Tver, a stone, but the deeds of rubble are cut on it. Around her, all 12 crowns were cut, as the butt of chydesa created, as it showed many images to them: first, it appeared in a human way; another, a man, and the nose of elephants; third, a man, and the vision is monkey; in the fourth, a man, and the image of a lutago beast, and everything appeared to them with his tail. And it is carved into the stone, and the tail is fathoms through it.
The whole Indian country comes to Butkhan for Chyudo Butovo. Yes, at bootkhan, old and young, women and girls shave. And they shave all their hair - beards, heads, and tails. Let them go to butkhan. Yes, from all sorts of heads they eat two sheshkeni duties on a boot, and from horses - four feet. And bysty azar lek vakh bashet sat azare lek come to the butkhan of all people.
But in Butkhan, butt is cut from stone and black, velmi is great, but his tail is through it, and his right hand raised high and stretched it out, like Ustenian the Tsar of Tsaregrad, and in his left hand he has a spear. And on it there is nothing, and the goose owes it to the fly, and the vision is a monkey. And other butts are naked, there is nothing, the cat is Achuk, and the women are cut out with rubbish and for children. And in front of the butom there is a great ox, and it is cut out of stone and black, and the whole is gilded. And they kiss him on the hoof, and throw flowers on him. And flowers are poured on the buta.
The Indians, however, do not eat any meat, neither yalovitsa, nor boranines, nor chicken, nor fish, nor pork, but they have a lot of pigs. They eat poison twice a day, but they do not eat at night, and they do not drink wine, nor are they full. And the deermen neither drink nor eat. And their food is bad. And one with one neither drinks, nor eat, nor a wife. And they eat brynets, and kichiri with butter, and they eat pink herbs, but they boil it with butter and milk, and they eat everything with their right hand, and they will not be accepted with the left for anything. And they don’t jerk a knife, and liars don’t know. And on the road, who cooks porridge for himself, and everyone's for the miner. And they hide themselves from the desermen, so that they do not look either in the forge or in the food. And just look, otherwise they don't eat food. And they eat, they cover themselves with a board so that no one can see him.
And their namaz to the east, in Russian. Raise both hands high, and put them on the crown of the head, and lie down prostrate on the ground, and pull the whole thing down on the ground, then their bows. And the people sit down, and they wash their hands and feet, and rinse their mouths. And their butkhanas are without doors, but are placed to the east, and their butts are to the east. And whoever dies with them, they burn and sang on the water. And the wife will give birth to a child, the other woman is the husband, and the father gives the name to the son, and the mother to the daughter. But they don't have a volunteer, and they don't know the trash. Went or came, ini syya bow in black, both hands finish to the ground, and does not say anything.
They go to Pervoti about the great conspiracy, to their bout. Their tuto is Jerusalem, and the besermen are Myakka, and the Russian is Jerusalem, and the Indian is Porvat. And all the nagas come, only at the grozny of boards; and the women are all naked, only on the gozne fota, and others are fotah, but there are a lot of pearls on their necks, and yachons, and hoops and gold rings on their hands. Ollo oak! And inside to the Butkhan they go by volleh, but the ox's horns are bound with media, and there are three hundred bells on its neck, and its hooves are shod with media. And those oxen are called acchei.
The Indians call the ox the father, and the cow the matter. And with their feces they bake bread and cook food for their own, and with that song they smear the banner on the face, and on the forehead, and all over the body. In the week and on Monday they eat once in the afternoon. In Yndeya, however, kakpa chektur and I study: you sow ilirsen iki dweller; akichany ila atarsyn alty zhetel take; bulara dostur. A kul koravash uchuz chyar funa hub, bem funa hube sia; kapkara amchyuk kichi he likes.
From Pervati, however, I came to Beder, fifteen days before the desermen's ulubagr. And I do not know the Great days and the resurrection of Christ, but by signs I guess the Great day is the first Christian desermen's bagram in nine days or ten days. And with me there is nothing, no book; but they took books with them from Russia, otherwise, since they robbed me, others took them, but Iaz forgot all the Christian faith. Peasant holidays, neither Great days, nor the Nativity of Christ I know, neither Wednesday nor Friday I know; and in between you are ver tanggrydan istremen Ol saklasyn: "Ollo is bad, Ollo aky, Ollo you, Ollo akber, Ollo ragym, Ollo kerim, Ollo ragym ello, Ollo karim ello, tangresen, thin autumn creator, God is one, t land ".
And I'm going to Russia, ketmyshtyr izmen, teach tuttym. The month of March has passed, and the Yaz has started from the besermen a week, but you have been fasting for a month, you have not eaten meat and nothing short, no non-German food, but I have eaten bread and water twice a day, avratylya yatmadym. Yes, you prayed to Christ the Almighty, who created heaven and earth, and you did not call on anyone else by name, God Ollo, God Kerim. God is ragim, God is bad. God akber, God is the king of glory, Ollo boiled, Ollo ragim elno sensen Ollo ty.<...>
The month of maia 1 day Great was the day you took in Beder in Besermen in Gundustan, and the Besermen was taken by Bagram in the middle of the month; and you spoke of the month of April 1 day. About trusting rustia kristian! Anyone who swims a lot in many lands falls into many troubles, and the faith is deprived of Christianity. I am the slave of God, Athos, took pity on the Christian faith. Already I have gone through 4 great shit and 4 great days, but I don’t know that there is a great day or shit, I don’t know the Nativity of Christ, I don’t know any other holidays, I don’t know either Wednesday or Friday - but I don’t have any books. If they robbed me, they took the books from me. But from the many troubles I went to Indey, I had nothing to go to Russia with anything, I had nothing left for my goods. The first Great day you took in Cain, and the other Great day was in Chebokara in the Mazdran land, the third Great day was in Gurmyz, the fourth Great day you took in Yndey from the bessermen in Beder; the same many weeping for the Christian faith.
Besermenin same Melik, that me a lot of urge into the faith of the non-German article. Az rekokh to him: "Lord, you namaz kalarsen, me and namaz kilarmen; you beat namaz kylarsiz, me and 3 kalarmen; less garip, and sen inchay." He says: "Truth you do not seem to be non-German, but you do not know Christianity." But I sank into many thoughts, and rekokh in myself: "Woe to me, accursed, for I have gone astray from the true path and I do not know the way. Lord God to the Almighty, create heaven and earth! Do not turn away your face from your slavery, as in I am sorrow. Lord, look upon me and have mercy on me, for you are a creature; do not turn me away, O Lord, from the true path, instruct me. Lord, on the right path, as if you didn’t do any virtue in need. , as your days are swollen in evil all. My Lord, Ollo the first gamer, Ollo you, karim Ollo, ragim Ollo, karim Ollo, ragim ello; ahamdulimo. Already passed the Great four days in the non-German land, but the Christianity did not leave. Far away God knows, what will be. O Lord my God, on your hopes, save me, O Lord my God. "
In Yndei, the bessermen, in Great Bedera, I watched at the Great Night on the Great Day Hair and Cola entered the dawn, and the Elk stood with its head to the east.
The sultan rode out to the teferich on the scarlet on the Besermenskaya, but with him 20 great vazyrs, and three hundred elephants dressed in damask armor and towns, and the towns were shackled. Yes, in the town there are 6 people in armor, and with cannons and squeakers, and on the great elephant there are 12 people. Yes, each one has two great parts, and great swords are tied to the teeth, and great iron weights are tied to the snout. Yes, a man sits in armor between his ears, and he has a great iron hook, and so he is ruled. Yes, there are thousands of ordinary horses in golden gear, and a hundred camels with carbon deposits, and 30.0 pipe makers, 300 dancers, and 300 carpet. Yes, the kavtan on the Saltan is all yachts fathoms, and a great olmaz is on the Chichyak hat, and the yachts are golden saadak, yes three sabers on it are bound in gold, and the saddle is gold, and the tackle is gold, and everything is gold. Yes, a kafar gallops in front of him and plays with a tower, but there are many pedestrians behind him. Yes, a good elephant is following him, and he is all dressed up in a damask, and he is upholstering people, and his chain is heavy in his mouth, and he is upholstered by horses and people, whoever steps on the Saltan closely.
And the brother of the sultans, and he sits on the bed on a gold one, and above him there is an oxamite tower, and a poppy of gold from a yacht, let 20 people carry him.
And the Makhtum sits on the bed on a gold one, and above him is a shidyan tower with a gold poppy seed, and they take him on four horses in a golden tackle. Yes, there are many people around him, and there are singers in front of him, and there are many dances; yes, all with bare swords, yes with sabers, yes with shields, yes with sulitsa, yes with a copy, and with bows with straight lines with great ones. Yes, the horses are all in armor, and the Saadaki are on them. And some of the nagas are all, one payment in the gozne, garbage is hung.
In Bedera, however, a month stands three full days. There is no sweet vegetable in the Thigh. There is no silnago varu in Gundustani. There is a strong var in Gurmyz and in Kyatobagryaim, where the pearls will give birth, and in Zhida, and in Bak, and in Misyur, and in Orobstan, and in Lara. And in the Khorosan land it is varno, but it is not like that. And in Chegotani velmi is varno. In Shiryazi, yes in Ezdi, but in Kashini it is varied, but there is a wind. And in Gilai it is stuffy velmi and the parish is dashing, but in Shamakhi the steam is dashing; yes in Babylon it is varno, yes in Humite, yes in Sham it is varno, and in Lyapa it is not so varno.
And in the Sevastia lip and in the Gurzyn land, good is offensive to everyone. Yes, the land of Tours is offensive to Velmi. Yes, in Voloskoy land everything edible is offensive and cheap. And the Podolsk land is offensive to everyone. And Russia er tangryd saklasyn; Ollo Sakla, Bad Sakla! Bu daniada munu kibit er ectur; nechik Urus eri runaways akoy tugil; Urus er abodan bolsyn; rast kam donates. Ollo, Khudo, God, Danyry.
Oh my God! On thee hopes, save me, Lord! I don’t know the way, like Kamo I’ll go from Gundustan: I’ll go to Gurmyz, but there’s no way from Gurmyz to Khorosan, there’s no way to Chegotay, there’s no way to Bodata, there’s no way to Katabogryim, there’s no way to Ride, or to Rabostan. no. Everywhere the bulgak became; knocked out princes everywhere. Yaishu myrza was killed by Uzoasanbeg, and Sultan Musyait was fed, and Uzuosanbek sat down on Shchiryaz, and the earth did not hold it together, but Ediger Makhmet, who does not go to him, is watched. And there is no other way. And go to Myakka, in other words, in the non-Sermenian faith. Outside Christians do not go to the Myakka of faith, sharing what to put in faith. And to live in Gundustan, otherwise the whole sobina is hacked, everything is dear to them: one is a man, another one and a half altyn goes to grub for a day, but I didn’t drink wine, I’m not full.<...>
On the fifth Great day, they thought about Russia. An idokh from Bedery grad a month before the deserted Mamet deserted Denis. And the days of Christianity are great, I do not know the resurrection of Christ, but their shit are zezermeny, and I talked with them, and the day was great in Kelberi from Bedery 10 kovs.
The sultan came and meliktuchar with his rostrum for 15 days on ulebagryam, and in Kelberg. But the war did not succeed for them, one city was taken by the Indian, and a lot of them were bent, and the treasury wasted a lot.
And the Indian saltan kadam velmi is strong, and he has a lot of rati. And he sits in a mountain in Bichineger, and his city is great. There are three moats around it, and a river flows through it. And from one country his ghengel is evil, and from another country came the dol, and in many places it is velmi and is pleasing to everything. On one country there is no place for priitti, there is a road through the city, but there is no place for taking the city, a great mountain has come and a deber of evil ticken. Under the city, a host of months flocked, and the people died of waterlessness, and many velmi's heads were bent from hunger and waterlessness. And he looks at the water, but there is nowhere to take.
And the city took the owner of the Indian melikchan, and took it by force, day and night fought against the city for 20 days, the army neither drank nor ate, under the city stood with cannons. And his arms bent five thousand good people. And he took the city, and they whipped 20 thousand livestock of men and women, and took 20 thousand full of great and malago.
And they sold a head full of 10 shades, and another for 5 shades, and robots for two tenks. And the treasury was nothing. And he did not take a large city.
And from Kelberg go to Kuluri. And in Kuluri, an ahik will be born, and they make him, they deliver him to the whole world from there. And in Kuril, there are three hundred diamonds mikunet. And the same would have been five months, and from there I will go to Kalika. The same bozar velmi is great. And from there I’ll go to Konaberg, and from Kanaberg to go to Shikh Aladin. And from Shikh Aladin went to Amendriya, and from Kamendriya to Nyaryas, and from Kinaryas to Suri, and from Suri poidokh to Dabyly - a haven of the Indian Sea.
Dabil is a great city of velmi, and besides, Dabyly and all the Indian and Ethiopian seas are coming together. The same cursed as the slavery of Afonasey of the Highest God, the creator of heaven and earth, pondered according to faith according to Christians, and after the baptism of Christ, and according to the holy fathers arranged, according to the commandments of the apostles, and rushed with his mind to poitti to Russia. And they came to Tava, and talked about Nalon by ship, and from their head two golden hail to Gurmyz hail. Enter the ship from Dabylya grad to Velik in three months of non-German govein.
Idoh is in tava on the sea for a month, and did not see anything. The next month, they saw the mountains of Ethiopia, the same people all shouted: "Ollo the pervodiger, Ollo konkar, bizim bashi mudna nasin bolmyshti" Thou shalt perish! "
In the same land of Ethiopia there were five days. He did not do evil by God's grace. Distributing a lot of brynts, and pepper, and Ethiopian bread, and the ship was not robbed.
And from there Idoh 12 days before Moshkat. In Moshkat, the sixth Great Day took. And it was 9 days to go to Gurmyz, and 20 days to Gurmyz. And from Gurmyz they went to Lari, and in Lari it took three days. From Lari it took 12 days to go to Shiryaz, and in Shiryaz it took 7 days. And from Shiryaz they went to Verg for 15 days, and in Velerga it took 10 days. And from Vergu you would go to travel 9 days, and to Travel would take 8 days. And from Ezdi go to Spagani for 5 days, and in Spagani 6 days. And is Paganipoidokh Kashini, and in Kashini there were 5 days. And Is Kashin went to Kum, and Is Kuma went to Sava. And from Sava go to Sultan, and from Sultania go to Terviz, and from Terviz go to the horde of Asanbeg. And the horde lasted 10 days, but there was no way anywhere. And on Turskago he sent rats of his court 40 thousand. Ini Sevast was taken, and Tohat was taken and burned, Amasia was taken, and many villages were plundered, and they went to the Karamani fight.
And from the horde I went to Artsytsan, and from Ortschan I went to Trepizon.
In Trepizon, the Holy Mother of God and the ever-virgin Mary came to the Protection of the Holy Virgin, and there were 5 days in Trapizon. And he came to the ship and conspired about nalon - to give gold from his head to Kafa; and you took the gold for grub, and dati in the Cafe.
And in Trapizon my shubash da pasha is a lot of evil uchinisha. They brought all my trash into the city on the mountain and searched everything - that is a fine little thing, and they ransacked everything. And they are searching the letters that you came from the horde of Asanbeg.
By the grace of God I came to the third sea of the Black Sea, and in the Parsian language Doria Stimbolskaa. Idoh by the sea with the wind for 10 days, until Vonada, and that great midnight wind greeted us, bring us to Trapizon, and I stood in the Platan for 15 days, the wind is great and evil. I am. Is the Platans I went to the sea twice, and the evil wind meets us, will not let us walk on the sea. Ollo aky, Ollo Bad first game! I don’t know the development of that other God.
And the sea is a scoundrel, so you bring us to Balikaei, and from there to Tokorzov, and that one stood for 5 days. By the grace of God, I came to Kafa 9 days before Philip's conspiracy. Ollo the leading player!
By the grace of God, the three seas have flown. Digger Khudo dono, Ollo is the first game given. Amen! Smilna rahmam ragim. Ollo akbir, akshi Khudo, ilello aksh Khodo. Isa fell, aaliksolom. Ollo Akber. And ilyagaila ilello. Ollo is the first gamer. Ahamdu Lillo, Shukur Khudo Afatad. Bismilnagi rahmam rahim. Huvo mogu climb, la lasaillya guya alimul giaibi wa shagaditi. Fuck Rahman Ragim, Hubo I can clang. Lyalyaga il lyahuya. Almeliku, alakudos, asalom, almumin, almugamina, alaziz, alchebar, almutakan'biru, alkhalik, albariuu, almusavir, alkafara, alkalharu, alvazahu, alryazaku, alfatagu, alalimu, alfassemutiu, alfatagu, alfarizuil alakama, aladul, alatuf.
"WALKING ABOVE THREE SEAS" ATHANASIY NIKITINA
(Translated by L.S. Smirnov)
In the year 6983 (1475). (...) In the same year he received the records of Athanasius, a merchant of Tver, he was in India, and writes that he set out on a journey with. I asked when Vasily Papin was sent with gyrfalcones as an ambassador from the Grand Duke, and they told me - a year before the Kazan campaign he returned from the Horde, and died near Kazan, shot through by an arrow. In the records, however, he did not find in what year Athanasius went or in what year he returned from India and died, but they say that he died before he reached Smolensk. And he wrote notes with his own hand, and those notebooks with his notes were brought by merchants to Moscow.
For the prayer of our holy fathers, Lord Jesus Christ, son of God, have mercy on me, the servant of your sinful son Athanasius Nikitin.
I wrote here about my sinful journey across the three seas: the first sea - Daria, the second sea - Indian, Daria Gundustanskaya, the third sea - Black, Daria Istanbul.
I swam down the Volga. And he came to the Kalyazinsky monastery to the life-giving Holy Trinity and the holy martyrs Boris and Gleb. Both hegumen Macarius and the holy brethren received a blessing. From Kalyazin I sailed to Uglich, and from Uglich they let me go without hindrance. And, having sailed from Uglich, he arrived in Kostroma and came to Prince Alexander with another letter of the Grand Duke. And they let me go without hindrance. And I arrived in Ples safely.
And I came to Nizhny Novgorod to see Mikhail Kiselev, the governor, and to the vulgar Ivan Saraev, and they let me go without hindrance. But Vasily Papin, however, had already passed the city, and I waited in Nizhny Novgorod for two weeks for Hasan-bek, the Tatar ambassador. And he rode with gyrfalcons from, and he had ninety gyrfalcons.
I swam with them down the Volga. Kazan passed without obstacles, did not see anyone, and the Horde and Uslan, and Saray, and Berekezan sailed and entered. And then three infidel Tatars greeted us and gave us a false message: "Sultan Kasim lies in wait for the merchants on Buzan, and with him three thousand Tatars." Shirvanshah's ambassador Khasan-bek gave them a one-row caftan and a piece of linen to take us past Astrakhan. And they, the unfaithful Tatars, took it one by one, but they gave the news to the Tsar in Astrakhan. And I left my ship with my comrades, went to the embassy ship.
We are sailing past Astrakhan, and the moon is shining, and the tsar saw us, and the Tatars shouted to us: "Kachma - don't run!" But we didn’t hear anything and we are running under our sail. For our sins the king sent all his people for us. They overtook us on Bohun and started shooting at us. A man was shot at our place, and we shot two Tatars at their place. And our smaller ship got stuck, and they immediately took it and plundered it, and all my luggage was on that ship.
We reached the sea in a large ship, but it became aground at the mouth of the Volga, and then they overtook us and ordered the ship to be pulled up the river to the river. And our big ship was robbed here and four Russian people were taken prisoner, and we were released with our bare heads across the sea, and back, up the river, they did not let us through, so that the news would not be given.
And we went, crying, on two ships to Derbent: in one ship the ambassador Khasan-bek, yes, yes, we, Russians, ten people; and in the other ship - six Muscovites, and six Tverichi, and cows, and our food. And a storm arose on the sea, and the smaller ship smashed on the shore. And here there is a town, and people came ashore, but they came and took everyone prisoner.
And we came to Derbent, and Vasily arrived there safely, and we were robbed. And I beat Vasily Papin and Shirvanshah's ambassador, Hasan-bek, with whom we came, with my forehead, so that I could bother about the people whom the kaytaks captured near Tarki. And Hasan-bek went to the mountain to ask Bulat-bek. And Bulat-bek sent a runner to the Shirvanshah to tell him: "Sir, the Russian ship crashed near Tarki, and the kaytaks, having come, took people prisoner, and their goods were plundered."
And the shirvanshah immediately sent the ambassador to his brother-in-law, the prince of the kaitaks, Khalil-bek: "My ship crashed near Tarki, and your people, having come, seized the people from it, and plundered their goods; and you, for my sake, people came to me and goods Gather them, because those people were sent to me. And what you need from me, and you send to me, and I will not contradict you, my brother, in anything. And those people came to me, and you, me for the sake, let them go to me without obstacles. " And Khalil-bek sent all the people to Derbent immediately without obstacles, and from Derbent they sent them to the Shirvanshah, to his headquarters - koitul.
We went to the Shirvanshah, to his headquarters, and beat him with our foreheads, so that he would grant us, than get to Russia. And he did not give us anything: they say, there are many of us. And we parted, crying, who was where: whoever had what was left in Russia, he went to Russia, and whoever had to, he went wherever his eyes would look. Others stayed in Shemakha, while others went to work in Baku.
And I went to Derbent, and from Derbent to Baku, and from Baku I went across the sea to Chapakur.
The Indian khan, Assad Khan of the Junnars, rules here, and he serves. The troops were given to him from the melik-at-tujar, they say; seventy thousand. And the melik-at-tujar is under the command of two hundred thousand troops, and he has been fighting since he was twenty: they defeated him more than once, and he defeated them many times. Asadkhan travels in public. And he has many elephants, and he has many good horses, and he has many soldiers. And horses are brought from the Khorasan land, some from the Arab land, some from the Turkmen land, some from the Chagotay land, and they all bring them by sea in tavas - Indian ships.
And I, a sinner, brought the stallion to the Indian land, and went with him to Junnar, with God's help, healthy, and he became me a hundred rubles. Their winter began with. I spent the winter in Junnar, lived here for two months. Every day and night - for four whole months - water and mud are everywhere. These days they plow and sow wheat, and rice, and peas, and everything edible. Their wine is made from large nuts, they are called, and mash is made from. Here they feed the horses with peas, boil them with sugar and butter, and feed them to the horses, and give them in the morning. In the Indian land, horses are not found, in their land bulls and buffaloes will be born - they ride and carry goods and other things, they do everything.
Junnar-grad stands on a stone rock, not fortified by anything, fenced off by God. And the way to that mountain day, walk by one person: the road is narrow, it is impossible for two to walk.
In the Indian land, merchants are settled in inns. The maids cook for guests, and the maids make the bed, and sleep with the guests. (If you have a close relationship with her, give two residents, if you do not have a close relationship, give one inhabitant. There are many wives here according to the rule of temporary marriage, and then a close relationship is free); but love white people.
In winter, ordinary people walk with them - a veil on the hips, another on the shoulders, and the third on the head; and then princes and boyars put on ports, a shirt, a caftan, and a veil on their shoulders, they will gird themselves with another veil, and wrap their head with a third veil. (O God, great God. True Lord, magnanimous God, merciful God!)
And in that Junnar, the khan took the stallion away from me when he found out that I was not a non-German, but a Rusyn. And he said: "And I will return the stallion, and I will give a thousand gold pieces in addition, just transfer to our faith - c. But you will not transfer to our faith, to Muhammaddini, and I will take the stallion, and I will take a thousand gold pieces from your head." And he appointed a term - four days, on Spasov day, on. Yes, the Lord God took pity on his honest holiday, did not leave me, a sinner, by his mercy, did not allow me to perish in Junnar among the infidels. On the eve of Spasov's day, the treasurer Mohammed, a Khorasanian, came and I beat him with my forehead so that he would work for me. And he went to the city to see Assad Khan and asked about me not to be converted to their faith, and he took my stallion back from the khan. Such is the Lord's miracle on Spas day. And so, brothers, Russian Christians, who wants to go to the Indian land - leave your faith in Russia, yes, calling on Muhammad, go to Gundustan land.
Dogs-desermen lied to me, they said that there is a lot of our goods, but for our land there is nothing: all the goods are white for the non-Sermen land, pepper and paint are cheap. Those who carry oxen across the sea do not pay duties. And we will not be allowed to transport the goods without duty. But there are many duties, and there are many robbers on the sea. They are robbed by infidels, they are not Christians, and they are not desermen: they pray to stone fools and they do not know either Christ or Muhammad.
And from Junnar we went to the Assumption and went to Bidar, their main city. We walked to Bidar for a month, and from Bidar to Kulongiri — five days and from Kulongiri to Gulbarga — five days. Between these big cities there are many other cities, every day three cities passed by, and on another day four cities: as many cities as there were. There are twenty kovs from Chaul to Junnar, and forty kovs from Junnar to Bidar, nine kovs from Bidar to Kulongiri, and nine kovs from Bidar to Gulbarga.
In Bidar they sell horses, silk and any other goods and black slaves, but there is no other goods here. The goods are all Gundustansky, and only vegetables are edible, but for the Russian land there are no goods. And here people are all black, all villains, and wives are all walking, and sorcerers, yes tati, yes deceit, yes poison, they poison gentlemen with poison.
All Khorasans reign in the Indian land, and all Khorasans are the boyars. And the Gundustans are all on foot and walk in front of the Khorasanians, who are on horses; and the rest are all on foot, they walk fast, all naked and barefoot, a shield in one hand, a sword in the other, and some with large straight bows and arrows. The battle is being conducted more and more on elephants. In front are the foot soldiers, behind them are the Khorasans in armor on horses, themselves in armor and horses. The elephants are tied to their heads and tusks with large forged swords, by weight, and they dress the elephants in damask armor, and turrets are made on the elephants, and in those turrets there are twelve people in armor, all with cannons and arrows.
There is one place here - Aland, where the sheikh Ala-ad-din (the saint lies) and the fair happens. Once a year, the whole Indian country comes to that fair to trade, they trade here for ten days; there are twelve kovs from Bidar. They bring horses here - up to twenty thousand horses - to sell and bring any goods. In the Gundustan land, this fair is the best, every product is sold and bought in the days of memory of Sheikh Ala-ad-din, but in our opinion, on. And there is also a gookuk bird in that Alanda, it flies at night: it shouts: "kuk-kuk"; and on whose house he sits, there the person will die, and whoever wants to kill her, she lets fire from his mouth on that person. they walk at night and grab chickens, but they live on hills or among rocks. And monkeys, they live in the forest. They have a monkey prince who walks with his army. If someone offends the monkeys, they complain to their prince, and he sends his army to the offender, and they, having come to the city, destroy houses and kill people. And the host of monkeys, they say, is very large, and they have their own language. They will give birth to many cubs, and if one of them is born either to the mother or to the father, they are abandoned on the roads. Some Gundustans pick them up and teach them all kinds of crafts; and if they sell it, then at night, so that they cannot find their way back, while others are taught (to amuse people).
Their spring began with the Protection of the Holy Mother of God. And they celebrate the memory of Sheikh Ala-ad-din and the beginning of spring two weeks after the Intercession; the holiday lasts eight days. And they have spring for three months, and summer for three months, and winter for three months, and autumn for three months.
Bidar is the capital city of Gundustan bessermensky. The city is big, and there are a lot of people in it. The sultan is young, twenty years old - the boyars rule, and the princes are Khorasans and all the Khorasans are fighting.
The boyar-Khorasan, melik-at-tujar, lives here, so he has two hundred thousand of his army, and Melik-khan has one hundred thousand, and Faratkhan has twenty thousand, and many khans have ten thousand troops. And with the Sultan came out three hundred thousand of his troops.
The land is populous, but the rural people are very poor, and the boyars have great power and are very rich. Boyars are carried on a silver stretcher, in front of the horses are led in gold harness, up to twenty horses are led, followed by three hundred horsemen, and five hundred soldiers on foot, and ten trumpeters, and ten people with drums, and ten people with flutes.
And when the sultan goes out for a walk with his mother and wife, then ten thousand horsemen follow him and fifty thousand on foot, and two hundred elephants are led out, and all in gilded armor, and in front of him are a hundred trumpeters, and a hundred dancers, and three hundred riding horses in a golden harness, and a hundred monkeys, and a hundred concubines, gauryks are called.
There are seven gates leading to the Sultan's palace, and at the gates there are a hundred guards and a hundred scribes-kafirs. Some write down who goes to the palace, others - who goes out. And strangers are not allowed into the palace. And the Sultan's palace is very beautiful, the walls are carved and gold, the last stone - and that one in carving and gold is painted very beautifully. Yes, in the palace of the Sultan, the vessels are different.
At night, the city of Bidar is guarded by a thousand guards under command, on horses and in armor, and each has a torch in his hands.
I sold my stallion in Bidar. Spent sixty-eight feet on him, fed him a year. In Bidar, snakes crawl along the streets, two fathoms long. I returned to Bidar from Kulongiri, and sold my stallion for Christmas.
In Trabzon, he came to the Protection of the Holy Mother of God and the ever-virgin Mary and was in Trabzon for five days. I came to the ship and agreed to pay - from my head to give the gold to, and for the grub I took the gold in debt - to give it back in the Cafe.
In the spring of 1468, Afanasy Nikitin, a Tver middle-class merchant, equipped two ships and headed to the Caspian with the Volga to trade with his fellow countrymen. Expensive goods were transported for sale, including "soft junk" - furs, which were appreciated in the markets of the lower Volga and the North Caucasus.
2 Nizhny Novgorod
Having passed the waterway past the Klyazma, Uglich and Kostroma, Afanasy Nikitin reached Nizhny Novgorod. There his caravan had to join another caravan for security reasons, led by Vasily Papin, the Moscow ambassador. But the caravans missed each other - Papin had already gone south when Athanasius arrived in Nizhny Novgorod.
Nikitin had to wait for the arrival of the Tatar ambassador Khasanbek from Moscow and already with him and other merchants to go to Astrakhan 2 weeks later than planned.
3 Astrakhan
The ships safely passed Kazan and several other Tatar settlements. But just before its arrival in Astrakhan, the caravan was robbed by local robbers - these were the Astrakhan Tatars led by Khan Kasim, who was not embarrassed even by the presence of his compatriot Khasanbek. The robbers took away all the goods bought on credit from the merchants. The trade expedition was disrupted, two vessels out of four Afanasy Nikitin lost.
The two remaining ships headed for Derbent, got into a storm in the Caspian Sea, and were thrown ashore. Returning home without money and goods threatened the merchants with debt and shame.
Then Athanasius decided to improve his affairs by engaging in intermediary trade. This is how the famous journey of Afanasy Nikitin began, which he described in his travel notes entitled "Walking the Three Seas".
4 Persia
Nikitin went through Baku to Persia, to an area called Mazanderan, then crossed the mountains and moved further south. He traveled without haste, staying for a long time in the villages and not only doing trade, but also studying the local languages. In the spring of 1469, “four weeks before Easter,” he arrived at Hormuz, a large port city at the intersection of trade routes from Egypt, Asia Minor (Turkey), China and India. Products from Hormuz were already known in Russia, especially Hormuz pearls were famous.
Having learned that horses from Hormuz are exported to the cities of India, which are not bred there, Afanasy Nikitin bought an Arab stallion and hoped to resell it well in India. In April 1469, he boarded a ship sailing to the Indian city of Chaul.
5 Arrival in India
The swim took 6 weeks. India made a strong impression on the merchant. Not forgetting about the commercial affairs on which he, in fact, arrived here, the traveler became interested in ethnographic research, writing down in detail what he saw in his diaries. India appears in his notes as a wonderful country, where everything is not the same as in Russia, "and people go all black and naked." It was not possible to sell the stallion profitably in Chaul, and he went inland.
6 Junnar
Athanasius visited a small town in the upper reaches of the Sina River, and then went to Junnar. In the fortress Junnar had to linger no longer on their own. "Dzhunnar Khan" took the stallion away from Nikitin when he learned that the merchant was not a Basurman, but a stranger from distant Russia, and set a condition for the Gentile: either he converts to the Islamic faith, or not only does not receive a horse, but will be sold into slavery. Khan gave him 4 days to think about it. It was on Spasov Day, on the Dormition Fast. “The Lord God took pity on his honest holiday, did not leave me, a sinner, by his mercy, did not allow me to perish in Junnar among the infidels. On the eve of Spasov's day, the treasurer Mohammed, a Khorasanian, came and I beat him with my forehead so that he would work for me. And he went to the city to see Assad-khan and asked about me not to be converted to their faith, and he took my stallion back from the khan. "
During 2 months spent in Junnar, Nikitin studied agricultural activities of local residents. He saw that in India they plow and sow wheat, rice and peas during the rainy season. He also describes local winemaking, which uses coconuts as raw materials.
7 Bidard
After Junnar, Athanasius visited the city of Alland, where a large fair was held. The merchant intended to sell his Arabian horse here, but again it did not work out. Only in 1471 Afanasy Nikitin managed to sell the horse, and even then without much benefit for himself. It happened in the city of Bidart, where the traveler stopped, waiting out the rainy season. “Bidar is the capital city of Gundustan besermensky. The city is big, and there are a lot of people in it. The sultan is young, twenty years old - the boyars rule, and the princes are Khorasans, and all the Khorasans are at war, "- this is how Athanasius described this city.
The merchant spent 4 months in Bidar. “And I lived here, in Bidar, before Great Lent and met many Hindus. I opened my faith to them, said that I was not a non-German, but a Christian of Jesus, and my name is Athanasius, and my non-German name is Khoja Yusuf Khorasani. And the Indians did not hide anything from me, neither about their food, nor about trade, nor about prayers, nor about other things, and they did not hide their wives in the house. " Many entries in Nikitin's diaries deal with Indian religious issues.
8 Parvat
In January 1472, Afanasy Nikitin arrived in the city of Parvat, a sacred place on the banks of the Krishna River, where believers from all over India went to the annual festivities dedicated to the god Shiva. Afanasy Nikitin notes in his diaries that this place has the same meaning for the Indian Brahmans as Jerusalem for the Christians.
Nikitin spent almost six months in one of the cities of the "diamond" province of Raichur, where he decided to return to his homeland. For all the time that Athanasius traveled around India, he never found a product suitable for sale in Russia. These travels did not give him any special commercial benefits.
9 Way back
On the way back from India, Afanasy Nikitin decided to visit the east coast of Africa. According to the entries in his diaries, in the Ethiopian lands, he barely escaped the robbery, buying off the robbers with rice and bread. Then he returned to the city of Hormuz and moved north through Iran, in which there were hostilities. He passed the cities of Shiraz, Kashan, Erzinjan and arrived in Trabzon, a Turkish city on the southern coast of the Black Sea. There he was arrested by the Turkish authorities as an Iranian spy and stripped of all his remaining property.
10 Cafe
Athanasius had to borrow money on his word of honor for the trip to the Crimea, where he intended to meet compatriot merchants and, with their help, pay off debts. He was able to get to Kafa (Feodosia) only in the fall of 1474. Nikitin spent the winter in this city, completing the notes about his journey, and in the spring he set off along the Dnieper back to Russia.
Afanasy Nikitin. Walking across the three seas.
1 (20%) 2 vote [s]Nikitin Afanasy Nikitich was born around 1474, a traveler, a Tver merchant, the first European to visit India for scientific purposes, twenty-five years before the opening of the trade route by the Spaniard Vasco De Gammo. Information about the real purposes of Afanasy Nikitin's travel in the 1960s towards the three seas: the Caspian, Arabian and Black seas, far to the east, where no European has ever reached, is extremely scanty.
The exact date of the start of the trip is also not known. In the 19th century. II Sreznevsky dated it 1466-1472, modern Russian historians (VB Perkhavko, LS Semenov) believe the exact date is 1468-1474. According to them, a caravan of several ships, which united Russian merchants, set out from Tver along the Volga in the summer of 1468. The experienced merchant Nikitin had previously visited distant countries - Byzantium, Moldavia, Lithuania, Crimea - and returned home safely with overseas goods.
This journey also began smoothly: Athanasius received a letter from the Grand Duke of Tver Mikhail Borisovich, intending to expand wide trade in the area of modern Astrakhan (some historians this message gave reason to see the Tver merchant as a secret diplomat, an infiltrator of the Tver prince, but there is no documentary evidence of this).
In Nizhny Novgorod, Nikitin was supposed to join the Russian embassy of Vasily Papin for security reasons, but he had already gone south, and the trade caravan did not find him.
Waiting for the Tatar ambassador Shirvan Khasan-bek to return from Moscow, Nikitin set off with him and other merchants two weeks later than planned. Near Astrakhan, a caravan from the ambassadorial and merchant ships was robbed by local robbers - the Astrakhan Tatars, not counting that one of the ships sailed "his own" and, moreover, the ambassador. They took away from the merchants all the goods purchased on credit, returning to Russia without goods and without money threatened with a debt pit.
Comrades Athanasius and he himself, according to him,
“Having wept, let the koi kudas disperse: whoever has what in Russia, and he went to Russia; but who should, and he went, where his eyes have borne. "
The desire to improve matters with the help of intermediary trade drove Nikitin further south. Through Derbent and Baku, he got to Persia, crossed it from Chapakur on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea to Hormuz on the Persian Gulf and sailed across the Indian Ocean to India by 1471. There he spent three whole years, visiting Bidar, Dzhunkar, Chaul, Dabhol and other cities. He made no money, but he was enriched with indelible impressions.
On the way back in 1474 Nikitin had a chance to visit the coast of East Africa, in the "land of Ethiopia", to reach Trebizond, then to be in Arabia. Through Iran and Turkey, he reached the Black Sea. Arriving in Kaffa (Feodosia, Crimea) in November, Nikitin did not dare to go further to his native Tver, deciding to wait for the spring merchant caravan. His health was undermined by a long journey. He may have acquired some kind of chronic illness in India.
In Kaffa, Afanasy Nikitin, apparently, met and became close friends with rich Moscow "guests" (merchants): Stepan Vasiliev and Grigory Zhuk.
When their united caravan set off (most likely in March 1475), the Crimea was warm, but as we moved north the weather became colder and colder. The undermined health of A. Nikitin made itself felt, and he died unexpectedly.
The place of his burial is conventionally considered Smolensk.
Wanting to tell others what he had seen himself, A. Nikitin kept travel notes, which he gave a literary form and gave the title Walking Beyond Three Seas.
Judging by them, he carefully studied the life, life and occupations of the peoples of Persia and India, drew attention to the political system, government, religion (described the worship of Buddha in the sacred city of Parvat), spoke about diamond mines, trade, weapons, mentioned exotic animals - snakes and monkeys, the mysterious bird "Gukuk", allegedly foreshadowing death, etc. His notes testify to the breadth of the author's horizons, friendly attitude towards foreign peoples and the customs of the countries he visited. The businesslike, energetic merchant and traveler not only looked for goods needed by the Russian land, but also carefully observed and accurately described the way of life and customs.
He vividly and interestingly described the nature of exotic India.
However, as a merchant, Nikitin was disappointed with the results of the trip: “The Basurmane dogs deceived me: they talked about a lot of goods, but it turned out that there was nothing for our land ... Cheap pepper and paint. Some carry goods by sea, while others do not pay duties for it, but they will not give us [anything] to transport without duty. And the duty is high, and there are many robbers at sea. "
Missing his native land, feeling uncomfortable in foreign lands, A. Nikitin sincerely urged people to admire the “Russian land”: “May God preserve the Russian land!
There is no country in this world like it. And although the grandees of the Russian land are not just, let the Russian land settle down and let there be [enough] justice in it! "
Unlike a number of European travelers of that time (Nicola de Conti and others), who adopted Mohammedanism in the East, Nikitin was faithful to Christianity to the end (“he did not leave his faith in Russia”), he gave all moral assessments of morals and customs based on the categories Orthodox morality, while remaining religiously tolerant.
A. Nikitin's walk testifies to the well-read of the author, his command of business Russian, and at the same time, very sensitive to foreign languages. He brought in his notes many local - Persian, Arabic and Turkic - words and expressions, gave them a Russian interpretation.
The passages, delivered by someone in 1478 to Moscow to the clerk of the Grand Duke Vasily Mamyrev after the death of their author, were soon included in the annalistic collection of 1488, which in turn entered the Sofia Second and Lvov Chronicles. The walk has been translated into many languages of the world. In 1955, a monument was erected to its author in Tver on the banks of the Volga, in the place from which he went “across the three seas”.
The monument was erected on a round platform in the form of a boat, the bow of which is decorated with the head of a horse.
In 2003, the monument was opened in Western India. A seven-meter stele faced with black granite, on four sides of which inscriptions in Russian, Hindi, Marathi and English are engraved in gold, was designed by a young Indian architect Sudip Matra and was built with local donations with the financial participation of the administrations of the Tver region and the city of Tver.
In summer 6983 <...>... In the same year, the spelling of Ofonas tveritin from a merchant was acquired, that he was in Yndѣ for 4 years, and, he says, went with Vasily Papin. In the same experiments, if Vasily went with the krechaty as an ambassador from the Grand Duke, and told us - a year before the Kazan campaign he came from the Horde, if Prince Yurya was near Kazan, then they shot him near Kazan. Behold, it is written that he did not get it, he went to something or came to something from Yndyya, died, and they say that, dei, Smolensk did not reach, he died. And he wrote the scripture with his own hand, and like his hands, the tetrati brought guests to Mamyrev Vasily, to the diyak to the Grand Duke in Moscow.
In the year 6983 (1475)(...). In the same year, he received the notes of Athanasius, a merchant of Tver, he was in India for four years, and writes that he set out on a journey with Vasily Papin. I asked when Vasily Papin was sent with gyrfalcones as an ambassador from the Grand Duke, and they told me that he returned from the Horde a year before the Kazan campaign, and died near Kazan, shot through by an arrow, when Prince Yuri went to Kazan. In the records, however, he did not find in what year Athanasius went or in what year he returned from India and died, but they say that he died before he reached Smolensk. And he wrote notes with his own hand, and those notebooks with his notes were brought by merchants to Moscow to Vasily Mamyrev, the clerk of the Grand Duke.
For the prayer of the saints fathers onshikh, Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, servant of your sinister Afonasya Mikitin son.
For the prayer of our holy fathers, Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, the servant of your sinful son Athanasius Nikitin.
Behold, I have written my terrible journey across the three seas: 1st Sea of Derben, Doria Praise bckaa; 2nd Indian Sea, Gundustanskaa road, 3rd Black Sea, Doria Stebolskaya.
I wrote here about my sinful journey across three seas: the first sea is Derbent, Daria Khvalisskaya, the second sea is Indian, Daria Gundustanskaya, the third sea is Black, Daria Stambulskaya.
Poidokh from the Savior of the Holy Golden-Domed and by his mercy, from his sovereign from the Grand Duke Mikhail Borisovich of Tversk, and from Vladyka Gennady of Tverskoy, and Boris Zakharyich.
I went from the Savior of the Holy Golden-Domed with his mercy, from his sovereign, Grand Duke Mikhail Borisovich of Tverskoy, from Vladyka Gennady of Tverskoy and from Boris Zakharyich.
And went down the Volga. And he came to the Kolyazin monastery to the holy Trinity of the life-giving and to the holy martyr Boris and Gleb. And he blessed the abbot with Macarius and the holy brethren. And Kolyazin went to Uglech, and from Uglech they let me go voluntarily. And I’ll go from there, from Uglech, and I came to Kostroma to Prince Alexander with the gram of the Grand Duke. And he let me go voluntarily. And you come to Pleso voluntarily.
I swam down the Volga. And he came to the Kalyazinsky monastery to the life-giving Holy Trinity and the holy martyrs Boris and Gleb. Both hegumen Macarius and the holy brethren received a blessing. From Kalyagin I sailed to Uglich, and from Uglich they let me go without hindrance. And, having sailed from Uglich, he arrived in Kostroma and came to Prince Alexander with another letter of the Grand Duke. And he let me go without hindrance. And I came to Ples without obstacles.
And I came to Novgorod in Nizhnyaya to Mikhailo x Kiselev, to us, and to the duty officer to Yvan to Saraev, and they let me go voluntarily. And Vasiley Papin drove past the city for two weeks, and Iaz waited in Novgorod in Nizhny for two weeks for the Tatar ambassador Shirvanshin Asanbeg, and he had a krechata from the Grand Duke Ivan, and he had ninety krechats.
And I came to Nizhny Novgorod to see Mikhail Kiselev, the governor, and to the vulgar Ivan Saraev, and they let me go without hindrance. But Vasily Papin, however, had already passed the city, and I waited in Nizhny Novgorod for two weeks for Hasan-bek, the Tatar Shirvanshah's ambassador. And he rode with gyrfalcons from Grand Duke Ivan, and he had ninety gyrfalcons.
And you came with them to the bottom of the Volga. And Kazan I passed voluntarily, did not see anyone, and I passed the Horde, and Uslan, and the Barn, and Berekezans I'm gone. And they drove me into Buzan. Three filthy Tatars nagged at us and told us false news: "Kaisym saltan is guarding the guests in Buzan, and with him three thousand Tatars." And the ambassador shirvanshin Asanbѣg gave them one odnorotka and a canvas so that they would lead them past Haztarakhan. And they, filthy Tartars, took one by one, and gave the king to Khaztarakhan. And I left my ship and crawled onto the ship for a word and with my comrades.
I swam with them down the Volga. Kazan passed without obstacles, did not see anyone, and the Horde, and Uslan, and Saray, and Berekezan sailed and entered Buzan. And then three infidel Tatars greeted us and gave us a false message: "Sultan Kasim lies in wait for the merchants on Buzan, and with him three thousand Tatars." Shirvanshah's ambassador Khasan-bek gave them a one-row caftan and a piece of linen to take us past Astrakhan. And they, the unfaithful Tatars, took it one by one, but they gave the news to the Tsar in Astrakhan. And I left my ship with my comrades, went to the embassy ship.
I drove past Khaztarakhan, and the moon shines, and the tsar saw us, and the Tartars called to us: "Kachma, do not beggar!" And we didn’t hear anything, but I ran with a sail. Because of our sin, the king sent his entire horde after us. Ini they comprehended us on Bohun and taught us how to shoot. And we shot a man, and they shot two Tatars. And the ship is ours lesser it was on the Ozu, and they took us and that hour they plundered, and mine was all little junk all in the smaller ship.
We are sailing past Astrakhan, and the moon is shining, and the tsar saw us, and the Tatars shouted to us: "Kachma - don't run!" But we didn’t hear anything and we are running under our sail. For our sins the king sent all his people for us. They overtook us on Bohun and started shooting at us. A man was shot at our place, and we shot two Tatars at their place. And our smaller ship got stuck in the ship, and they immediately took it and plundered it, and my whole luggage was on that ship.
And in a large ship we reached the sea, but it was at the mouth of the Volga aground, and they took us there, but they ordered the ship to be pulled up beforeѣzu. And then the ship is ours more They robbed and four heads were taken by the Russians, and we were released with our bare heads across the sea, and they did not let us go up to the top.
We reached the sea in a large ship, but it became aground at the mouth of the Volga, and then they overtook us and ordered the ship to be pulled up the river to the river. And our big ship was robbed here and four Russian people were taken prisoner, and we were released with our bare heads across the sea, and back, up the river, they did not let us through, so that the news would not be given.
And I went to Derbent, crying, two courts: in one ship the ambassador Asanbѣg, and the teziks, and there are ten of us Russians; and in the other ship there are 6 Muscovites, and six tverichs, and cows, and feed us. A furtovina stood on the sea, and the lesser vessel was smashed on the shore. And that is the town of Tarkhi, and people went ashore, and kaytaks came and hunted everyone.
And we went, crying, on two ships to Derbent: in one ship the ambassador Khasan-bek, and the Teziks, and we, Russians, ten people; and in the other ship - six Muscovites, and six Tverichi, and cows, and our food. And a storm arose on the sea, and the smaller ship smashed on the shore. And here is the town of Tarki, and people went ashore, but kaytaks came and took everyone prisoner.
And I came to Derbent, and that Vasily came well, and we robbed. AND bil esmi forehead to Vasily Papin and to Ambassador Shirvanshin Asanbѣgu, who with nim came to grieve for the people, that they were captured under the Tarki Kaitaki. And Asanbѣg grieved and went to the mountain to Bulatubeg. And Bulatbeg sent a runner to shirvan shibegu that: "Sir, the Russian ship was smashed under Tarkhi, and the kaytaks, when they came, were taken by people, and their goods were plundered."
And we came to Derbent, and Vasily arrived there safely, and we were robbed. And I beat Vasily Papin and the ambassador of the Shirvanshah Hasan-bek, with whom we came, with my forehead, so that I would bother about the people whom the kaytaks captured near Tarki. And Hasan-bek went to the mountain to ask Bulat-bek. And Bulat-bek sent a runner to the Shirvanshah to tell him: “Master! The Russian ship crashed near Tarki, and the kaytaks, having come, took people prisoner, and their goods were plundered. "
And shirvanshabeg of the same hour sent an ambassador to his brother-in-law Alil-Beg, the Kaitachev prince, that: “the ship is my it broke under Tarkhi, and your people, when they came, took people, and their goods were robbed; and you so that, for me, people sent to me and the goods collected them, then these people were sent to my name. And what will you need with me, and you have come to me, and I will not harrow you, your brother. And these people went to my name, and you would have let them go to me voluntarily, for me. " And Alilbeg of that hour people sent everyone to Derbent voluntarily, and from Derbent they sent them to Shirvanshi in his yard, koitul.
And Shirvanshah immediately sent an ambassador to his brother-in-law, the prince of the kaitaks, Khalil-bek: “My ship crashed near Tarki, and your people, having come, captured the people from it, and plundered their goods; and you, for my sake, people came to me and collect their goods, because those people were sent to me. And what you need from me, and you send me, and I will not contradict you, my brother, in anything. And those people came to me, and you, for my sake, let them go to me without obstacles. " And Khalil-bek sent all the people to Derbent immediately without obstacles, and from Derbent they sent them to the Shirvanshah at his headquarters - koitul.
And we went to the shirvansha vo and koitul and beat him with the forehead, so that he would grant us, rather than milking to Russia. And he gave us nothing, but there are many of us. And we, crying, let go koi kuda: whoever has what in Russia, and he went to Russia; but who should, and he went where his eyes carried. And some remained in Shamakhi, while others went to work to Bak.
We went to see the Shirvanshah at his headquarters and beat him with our foreheads so that he would grant us something to get to Rus. And he did not give us anything: they say, there are many of us. And we parted, crying, who was where: whoever had what was left in Russia, he went to Russia, and whoever had to, he went wherever his eyes would look. Others stayed in Shemakha, while others went to work in Baku.
And yaz went to Derbenty, and from Derbent to Bakѣ, where the fire burns are inextinguishable, and from Baki I went across the sea to Chebokar.
And I went to Derbent, and from Derbent to Baku, where the fire burns inextinguishable; and from Baku he went across the sea - to Chapakur.
Yes, I lived here in Chebokar for 6 months, and in Sar, I lived for a month, in the Mazdran land. And from there to Amily, and here I lived for a month. And from there to Dimovant, and from Dimovant to Ray. And that one was killed by Shausen, the Aleev children and the grandchildren of the Makhmetevs, and he cursed them, other 70 cities were destroyed.
And I lived in Chapakura for six months, and I lived in Sari for a month, in the Mazandaran land. And from there he went to Amol and lived here for a month. And from there he went to Demavend, and from Demavend to Ray. Here they killed Shah Hussein, one of the children of Ali, the grandsons of Muhammad, and the curse of Muhammad fell on the murderers - seventy cities were destroyed.
And from Drya to Kasheni, and here I was a month, and from Kasheni to Nain, and from Nain to Ride, and here I lived a month. And from Diez to Syrchan, and from Syrchan to Tarom, and the funiki feed the beast, batman 4 altyns each. And from Torom to Lara, and from Lara to Bendery, and here is the Gurmyzskoe refuge. And here there is the Indian Sea, and in the Parsian language there is also the Hondustani Doria; and from there it is by sea to Gurmyz 4 miles.
From Rhey I went to Kashan and lived here for a month, and from Katan - to Nain, and from Nain to Yezd and lived here for a month. And from Yazd I went to Sirjan, and from Sirjan to Tarom, livestock are fed here with dates, and a batman of dates is sold for four altyns. And from Tarom I went to Lara, and from Lara - to Bender - that pier of Hormuz. And then the Indian Sea, in Persian Daria Gundustanskaya; to Hormuz-grad from here it is four miles to go.
And Gurmyz is on the island, and every day the sea takes him twice a day. And then you took the first Great Day, and you came to Gurmyz four weeks before the Great Day. Otherwise, I did not write all the cities, there are many great cities. And in Gurmyz there is a varno sun, it will burn a man. And in Gurmyz there was a month, and from Gurmyz I went across the Indian Sea along Velitsa for days to Radunitsa, to Tava with the horses.
And Hormuz is on the island, and the sea comes on him twice every day. Here I spent my first Easter, and came to Hormuz four weeks before Easter. And that is why I did not name all the cities, that there are many more big cities. The heat of the sun is great in Hormuz, it will burn a man. I was in Hormuz for a month, and from Hormuz after Easter on the day of Radunitsa I went in Tava with horses across the Indian Sea.
And I went by sea to Moshkat for 10 days; and from Moshkat to Dѣgu 4 days; and from Dѣga Kuzryatu; and from Kuzryat Konbaatu. And then it will give birth to paint and lek. And from Konbat to Chyuvil, and from Chyuvil I am went In the 7th week after Velica days, and went to Tavѣ is 6 weeks by sea to Chivil.
And we went by sea to Muscat for ten days, and from Muscat to Degas for four days, and from Degas to Gujarat, and from Gujarat to Cambay. Here paint and varnish will be born. From Cambay they sailed to Chaul, and from Chaul they sailed in the seventh week after Easter, and sailed by sea for six weeks in Tava to Chaul.
And then there is an Indian country, and people walk all naked, and their heads are not covered, and their breasts are bare, and their hairs are braided in one braid, and bellies come in, and children will be born every year, and they have many children. And the men and women are all naked, and all are black. I go where I go, but there are a lot of people behind me, but they marvel at the little man. And the prince of them - fota on the headѣ, and the other on the guznѣ; and the boyars have a photo on the splashѣ, and the other on the goose, the princes walk around the photo on the splashѣ, and the other on the goose. And the servants of the prince and the boyars - the fota on the goose is rounded, and the shield, and the sword in hand, and some with sulitsa, and some with knives, and some with sabers, and others with bows and arrows; and everyone is naked, and barefoot, and bulky, and they don’t shave their hair. And the little girls walk around their head is not covered, and the breasts are bare; and little girls and little girls walk naked until seven years old, they are not covered with litter.
And here is an Indian country, and people walk naked, but their heads are not covered, and their breasts are bare, and their hair is braided in one braid, everyone walks with bellies, and children are born every year, and they have many children. Both men and women are all naked and all black. Wherever I go, many people follow me - they marvel at the white man. The local prince has a veil on his head, and another on his hips, and the boyars there have a veil over his shoulder, and another on his hips, and the princesses walk - a veil thrown over his shoulder, another veil on his hips. And the servants of the princely and boyars have one veil wrapped around their hips, and a shield, and a sword in their hands, some with darts, others with daggers, and others with sabers, and others with bows and arrows; Yes, everyone is naked, yes, barefoot, but strong, and they don't shave their hair. And women walk - their heads are not covered, and their breasts are bare, and boys and girls are naked until the age of seven, the shame is not covered.
And I went dry on the island of Chyuvila until Pali 8 days, to the Indian mountains... And from Pali to Die 10 days, and that is an Indian city. And from Die to Chyuner 7 days.
From Chaul we went dry, walked to Pali for eight days, to the Indian mountains. And from Pali it was ten days until Die, then an Indian city. And from Die seven days' journey to Junnar.
There is an Indian Asatkhan Chyunerskya, and a slave is a meliktucharov. And holds, say, seven themes from meliktochara. And meliktuchar sits on 20 tons; and he fights from the kafar for 20 years, then he is beaten, then he beats them many times. Khan As goes to people. And he has many elephants, and he has many good horses, and his people are many Khorosans. And they are brought from the Khorosan lands, and some from the Orap land, and some from the Turkmen lands, and others from the Chebotai lands, and they bring everything by sea in Tavakh - Indian ships.
The Indian khan, Assad-khan of the Junnars, rules here, and he serves the melik-at-tujar. The troops were given to him from the melik-at-tujar, they say, seventy thousand. And the melik-at-tujar is under the command of two hundred thousand troops, and he has been at war with the kafars for twenty years: they have defeated him more than once, and he has defeated them many times. Asad Khan travels in public. And he has many elephants, and he has many good horses, and he has many warriors, Khorasanians. And horses are brought from the Khorasan land, some from the Arab land, some from the Turkmen land, some from the Chagotay land, and all of them are brought by sea in tavas - Indian ships.
And the dreadful language brought the stallion to the Yndyi land, and I came to Chyuner: God gave me good health, but I became a hundred rubles. Their winter began with Trinity days. And I spent the winter in Chyuner, lived for two months. Every day and night for 4 months, water and mud are everywhere. On the same days, they shout and eat wheat, and tuturgan, yes, and everything that is good. Their wine is repaired in the great orѣkhekh - kozi of Hundustan; and the mash is repaired in tatna. The horses are fed nofut, and kichiris is boiled with sugar, and the horses are fed with butter, and they give them sheshni to hurt. In the Yndѣi land, horses will not give birth to them, oxen and buffaloes will be born in their land, and goods travel on the same land, otherwise they carry, everybody wants to.
And I, a sinner, brought the stallion to the Indian land, and went with him to Junnar, with God's help, healthy, and he became me a hundred rubles. Their winter began on Trinity Day. I spent the winter in Junnar, lived here for two months. Every day and night - for four whole months - water and mud are everywhere. These days they plow and sow wheat, and rice, and peas, and everything edible. Their wine is made from large nuts, the Gundustan gozi are called, and the braga is from tatna. The horses are fed here with peas, and khichri is cooked with sugar and butter, and they are fed to the horses, and in the morning they are given sheshni. In the Indian land, horses are not found, in their land bulls and buffaloes will be born - they ride and carry goods and other things, they do everything.
Chyunerei, however, has a city on a stone island, not overpowered by anything, it was created by God. And one person at a time walk up the mountain: the road is narrow, but two people cannot drink.
Junnar-grad stands on a stone rock, not fortified by anything, fenced off by God. And the way to that mountain day, walk by one person: the road is narrow, it is impossible for two to walk.
In the Yndѣi land, guests are placed in the courtyard, and sti are cooked for the guests of the lady, and the bed is made for the guests of the lady, and they sleep with the guests. Sikish iliresen is a suppressor of beresin, sikish ilmes yek resident of bersen, dostur avrat chektur, and sikish mufut; but they love white people.
In the Indian land, merchants are settled in farmsteads. The hostesses cook the guests, and the hostesses make the bed, and sleep with the guests. If you have a close relationship with her, give two residents, if you do not have a close relationship, give one inhabitant. There are many wives here according to the rule of temporary marriage, and then a close connection is free; but love white people.
Zimѣ walks with them people fota on guznѣ, and the other on the shoulder, and the third on the headѣ; and the riches and the boyars of the crowd push themselves into trousers, yes, a shirt, and a caftan, and a photo on the shoulder, but it will gird it with another, and dodge the third head. And se olo, olo abr, olo ak, ollo kerem, ollo ragim!
In winter, ordinary people walk with them - a veil on the hips, another on the shoulders, and the third on the head; and then princes and boyars put on ports, a shirt, a caftan, and a veil on their shoulders, they will gird themselves with another veil, and wrap their head with a third veil. Oh God, great God, true Lord, magnanimous God, merciful God!
And in that in Chyuner-khan he took a stallion from me, and told me that the Yaz was not a non-German - Rusin. And he says: “I will give a stallion and a thousand golden ladies, and stand in our lie - in Mahmet Deni; but if you do not stand in our lies, in Mahmat Deni, I will take away a stallion and a thousand gold pieces on your head. " And the term imposed on four days, in Ospozhino shit on Spasov day. And the Lord God took mercy on his honest holiday, did not leave his mercy from me, the sinister and did not order to perish in Chyuner with the wicked. And on the eve of Spasov's days, the hostess Mahmet Khorosanets came and beat him with his forehead, so that he would grieve about me. And he went to the khan in the city and asked me not to be put in the wrong, and he took my stallion from him. Such is the gift of a chyudo on Spasov day. Ino, the Christian brothers of Rustia, who want to drink in the Ynduy land, and you leave your lies in Russia, but exclaiming Makhmet and drink in the Gundustan land.
And in that Junnar, the khan took the stallion away from me when he found out that I was not a non-German, but a Rusyn. And he said: “And I will return the stallion, and I will give a thousand gold coins in addition, just transfer to our faith - to Muhammaddini. But if you do not convert to our faith, to Muhammaddini, I will take a stallion, and I will take a thousand gold pieces from your head. " And he appointed the term - four days, on Spas day, on Assumption according to Art. Yes, the Lord God took pity on his honest holiday, did not leave me, a sinner, by his mercy, did not allow me to perish in Junnar among the infidels. On the eve of Spasov's day, the treasurer Mohammed, a Khorasanian, came and I beat him with my forehead so that he would work for me. And he went to the city to see Assad Khan and asked about me not to be converted to their faith, and he took my stallion back from the khan. Such is the Lord's miracle on Spas day. And so, brothers, Russian Christians, who wants to go to the Indian land - leave your faith in Russia, yes, calling on Muhammad, go to Gundustan land.
The deermen dogs lied to me, and they said a lot of our goods, but nothing on our land: all the goods were white on the desermen land, pepper and paint, then it was cheap. Ino they carry the ache by sea, and they don’t give a duty. And other people will not allow us to carry out duties... And there are many duties, and there are many robbers on the sea. And all the kafars, neither the peasants, nor the devil, break; but they pray like a stone idiot, but they don't know Christ, they don't know Mahmet.
The dogs of the non-German lied to me, they said that there was a lot of our goods, but for our land there was nothing: all the goods were white for the non-German land, pepper and paint, it was cheap. Those who carry oxen across the sea do not pay duties. And we will not be allowed to transport the goods without duty. But there are many duties, and there are many robbers on the sea. The kafars are robbing, they are not Christians and they are not desermen: they pray to stone fools and they do not know either Christ or Muhammad.
And Is Chyunerya went out on Ospozhin day to Beder, to their great city. And I walked for a month to Beder; and from Beder to Kulonkerya 5 days; and from Kulonger to Kohlberg 5 days. There are many cities in between these great cities; for every day, three cities, and others and four cities; Kolko kovs, only hail. From Chyuvila to Chyuner, 20 covs, and from Chyuner to Beder, 40 covs, and from Beder to Kulonger, 9 covs, and from Beder to Coluberg 9 coves.
And from Junnar we went to the Assumption and went to Bidar, their main city. We walked to Bidar for a month, and from Bidar to Kulongiri — five days and from Kulongiri to Gulbarga — five days. Between these large cities there are many other cities, every day three cities passed, and on another day four cities: how many kovs - so many cities. There are twenty kovs from Chaul to Junnar, and forty kovs from Junnar to Bidar, nine kovs from Bidar to Kulongiri, and nine kovs from Bidar to Gulbarga.
In Beder, however, bargaining for horses, for goods, and for kamki, and for silk, for all other goods, and buy in it people black; and others buy nѣt in it. Yes, all the goods are from the Gundustanskoy, and all the vegetables are food, and on the Russian land there are no goods. And all the black people, and all the villains, and the girls are all whores, yes and, yes tati, yes a lie, yes potion, having contented a stain with potion.
In Bidar, horses, damask, silk and any other goods and black slaves are sold for sale, but there is no other goods here. The goods are all Gundustansky, and only vegetables are edible, but for the Russian land there are no goods. And here people are all black, all villains, and wives are all walking, and sorcerers, yes tati, yes deceit, yes poison, they poison the gentlemen with poison.
In the Yndѣi land, all Khorosans reign, and the boyars are all Khorosans. And the Gundustans are all pedestrians, and the Khorosans go on horseback, and some of them all walk a greyhound, and all are naked and barefoot, and a shield in their hands, and a sword in the other, and some with great bows with straight arrows. And fight them all elephants. Yes, they let them go ahead, and the Horosans on horseback and in armor, and the horses themselves. And to the elephant, they knit great swords to the snout and to the tooth, according to the forged kentar, and they will sheathe them in damask armor, and small towns have been made on them, and in towns there are 12 men in armor, all with cannons and arrows.
All Khorasans reign in the Indian land, and all Khorasans are the boyars. And the Gundustans are all on foot and walk in front of the Khorasanians, who are on horses; and the rest are all on foot, they walk fast, all naked and barefoot, a shield in one hand, a sword in the other, and some with large straight bows and arrows. The battle is being conducted more and more on elephants. In front are the foot soldiers, behind them are the Khorasans in armor on horses, in armor both themselves and the horses. The elephants are tied to their heads and tusks with large forged swords, weighing a centar, and they dress the elephants in damask armor, and turrets are made on the elephants, and in those turrets there are twelve people in armor, all with cannons and arrows.
They have one place, shikhb Aludin pir yatyr bazaar Alyadinand. For a year a single bazaar, the whole country of Indian trade gathers, but they trade for 10 days; from Beder 12 coves. They bring horses, sell up to 20 thousand horses, take all kinds of goods. In the Gundustan land, the best bargaining is, all goods are sold and bought for the memory of Shikh Aladin, and for the Russian for the Protection of the Holy Mother of God. There is a gukuk bird in that Alyand, the night flies, and calls: "kuk-kuk", and on which the horomine sits, then the man will die; and whoever wants to kill her, otherwise, fire will come out of her mouth. And mammon walk around in the night, and eat chickens, but live in a mountain or in a stone. And monkeys, then you live on the forest. And they have a monkey prince, but he walks with his army. But whoever misses, and they favor their prince, and he send his army to him, and they, having come to the city, break up the yards and beat people. And their rati, they say, are many, and they have their own language. And they will give birth to many children; but which will be born neither in the father nor in the mother, they rush along the roads. The people of the Gundustans tѣh imayut, but they teach them all kinds of handicrafts, and some are sold for nights so that they don’t know to run back, while others are taught the bases of mikanet.
There is one place here - Åland, where sheikh Alaeddin, the saint, and the fair. Once a year, the whole Indian country comes to that fair to trade, they trade here for ten days; there are twelve kovs from Bidar. They bring horses here - up to twenty thousand horses - to sell, but they bring any goods. In the Gundustan land, this fair is the best, every product is sold and bought in the days of the memory of Sheikh Alaeddin, and in our opinion, on the Protection of the Holy Mother of God. And there is also a gookuk bird in that Alanda, it flies at night, shouts: "kuk-kuk"; and on whose house he sits, there the person will die, and whoever wants to kill her, she lets fire from his mouth on that person. Mamons walk at night and grab chickens, and they live on hills or among rocks. And monkeys, they live in the forest. They have a monkey prince who walks with his army. If someone offends the monkeys, they complain to their prince, and he sends his army to the offender, and they, having come to the city, destroy houses and kill people. And the host of monkeys, they say, is very large, and they have their own language. They will give birth to many cubs, and if one of them is born either to the mother or to the father, they are abandoned on the roads. Some Gundustans pick them up and teach them all kinds of crafts; and if they sell, then at night, so that they cannot find their way back, but they teach others to amuse people.
Spring has become with them Pokrova Holy Mother of God. And to celebrate Shiga Aladina, spring is two weeks on Pokrov, and they celebrate 8 days. And spring is 3 months, and then 3 months, and winter 3 months, and autumn is 3 months.
Their spring began with the Protection of the Holy Mother of God. And they celebrate the memory of Sheikh Alaeddin and the beginning of spring two weeks after the Intercession; the holiday lasts eight days. And they have spring for three months, and summer for three months, and winter for three months, and autumn for three months.
In Bedery their table is for Gundustan besermensky. And the city is great, and there are many people. And the saltan is small - 20 years, and the boyars keep it, and the princes are Khorosans, and all the Khorosans are fighting.
Bidar is the capital city of Gundustan bessermensky. The city is big, and there are a lot of people in it. The sultan is young, twenty years old - the boyars rule, and the princes are Khorasans and all the Khorasans are fighting.
There is a Khorosanets meliktuchar boyar, otherwise he has two hundred thousand troops of his own, and Melikhan has 100 thousand, and Faratkhan has 20 thousand, and many tѣkh khanoz, 10 thousand rati each. And with the saltan come out three hundred thousand of their troops.
The boyar-Khorasan, melik-at-tujar, lives here, so he has two hundred thousand of his army, and Melik-khan has one hundred thousand, and Farat-khan has twenty thousand, and many khans have ten thousand troops. And with the Sultan came out three hundred thousand of his troops.
And the land is crowded with velmi, and the rural people are naked, and the boyars are strong and kind and lush velmi. And they all carry them on their beds and on silver ones, and before them they lead horses in tackle gold up to 20; and on horseback behind them 300 people, and five hundred people, and 10 pipe workers, yes nagarnikov 10 people, and 10 people.
The land is populous, but the rural people are very poor, and the boyars have great power and are very rich. Boyars are carried on a silver stretcher, in front of the horses are led in gold harness, up to twenty horses are led, followed by three hundred horsemen, and five hundred soldiers on foot, and ten trumpeters, and ten people with drums, and ten fools.
Saltan, however, goes to the pot with his mother and his wife, sometimes with him a man on horseback 10 thousand, and there are fifty thousand, and two hundred elephants, dressed in armor, all gilded, and in front of him a hundred pipe workers, and a hundred ordinary dancers, and horses 300 in tackle gold, and a hundred monkeys behind him, and a hundred whores, and all the Gauroks.
And when the sultan goes for a walk with his mother and wife, then ten thousand horsemen follow him and fifty thousand on foot, and two hundred elephants are brought out, and all in gilded armor, and in front of him are a hundred trumpeters, and a hundred dancers, yes they lead three hundred riding horses in golden harness, and a hundred monkeys, and a hundred concubines, gauryks are called.
In the Saltanov courtyard there are seven gates, and in the gates he sits a hundred watchmen and a hundred kafar scribes. Who goes, they write down, and who comes out, and they write down. Garips are not allowed into the city. And his courtyard is chyuden velmi, everything is on a neckline and on gold, and the last stone is carved and described by velmi chyutsno in gold. Yes, in the courtyard, his courts are rosy.
There are seven gates leading to the Sultan's palace, and at the gates there are a hundred guards and a hundred scribes-kafars. Some write down who goes to the palace, others - who goes out. And strangers are not allowed into the palace. And the Sultan's palace is very beautiful, the walls are carved and gold, the last stone - and that one in carving and gold is painted very beautifully. Yes, in the palace of the Sultan, the vessels are different.
The city Thigh they guard in the night a thousand men of kutovalovs, and they ride a horse in armor, and they all have them on their own.
At night, the city of Bidar is guarded by a thousand guards under the command of a kuttawala, on horses and in armor, and each has a torch in his hands.
And he sold his stallion's yaz in Bederi. Yes, you gave him sixty and eight feet, and you fed him for a year. In Beder, however, snakes walk the streets, and its length is two fathoms. And I came to Beder about a conspiracy about Filipov from Kulongѣr, and sell my stallion about Christmas.
I sold my stallion in Bidar. Spent sixty-eight feet on him, fed him a year. In Bidar, snakes crawl along the streets, two fathoms long. I returned to Bidar from Kulongiri at Philippi post, and sold my stallion for Christmas.
And then I went to the Great Conquest in Bedery and got to know many Indians. And I told them my lies that I am not a non-German and a Christian, but by the name of Ophonasei, and the non-German name of the owner, Isuf Khorosani. And they did not learn to cover anything from me, not about stvѣ, not about trade, or about manaz, or about other substances, nor did they teach their own people to cover.
And I lived here in Bidar before Great Lent and met many Indians. I opened my faith to them, said that I was not a non-German, but faith of Jesus Christian, and my name is Afanasy, and the non-Sermen name is Khoja Yusuf Khorasani. And the Indians did not hide anything from me, neither about their food, nor about trade, nor about prayers, nor about other things, and they did not hide their wives in the house.
Yes, all about lies about their crucifixion, and they say: we put into Adam, but it seems like buty, that is, Adam and his entire family. A vѣr in Indѣi all 80 and 4 vѣry, and all vѣruyut in buta. And vѣra with vѣroi nor sing, neither eat nor marry. But other boranina, and chickens, and fish, and eggs, eat, and do not eat oxen.
I asked them about faith, and they said to me: we believe in Adam, but they say that there is Adam and all his generation. And all the faiths in India are eighty and four faiths, and all believe in buta. And people of different faiths do not drink with each other, do not eat, do not marry. Some of them eat mutton, chickens, fish, and eggs, but no one eats beef.
In Beder, however, it lasted 4 months and prayed to the Indians to drink to Pervoti, then their Jerusalim, and by the desermen Myagkat, G dѣ their buthana. In the same place, let the Indians go and be haunted for a month. And bargaining at Butkhana for 5 days. But the butkhana velmi is great, with a half of Tvuri, a stone, but the works of rubble are poured along it. Around her, all 12 were told about how he created chydesa, how he manifested many images: first, he appeared in a human way; another, a man, but the nose of elephants; third, human, and the vision is monkey; in the fourth, a human, and the image of a lutago beast, and being it all eat tail. And it is carved into the stone, and the tail is fathoms through it.
I stayed in Bidar for four months and conspired with the Hindus to go to Parvat, where they have Butkhana - that is their Jerusalem, the same as Mecca is for the besermen. I walked with the Indians for a month before butkhan. And that butkhan's fair lasts five days. Great buthana, from half of Tver, is made of stone, and the deeds of buta are carved in stone. Twelve crowns are carved around butkhana - how the boot performed miracles, how it appeared in different images: the first - in the form of a man, the second - a man, but with an elephant's trunk, the third - a man, and the face of a monkey, the fourth - half man, half a fierce beast, appeared all with a tail. And it is carved in stone, and the tail is a fathom, thrown over it.
The whole Indian country comes to Butkhan for Chyudo Butovo. Yes, at bootkhan, old and young, women and girls shave. And they shave all their hair - beards, heads, and tails. Yes, they will go to butkhan. Yes, from all sorts of heads they are emitting two duties on a boot, and from horses - four feet. And he comes to the butkhan of all people bysty azar lek vakh bashet sat azare lek.
For the feast of buta, the whole Indian country comes to that buthana. Yes, buthana shaves old and young, women and girls. And they shave off all their hair, shave their beards and heads. And they go to butkhan. From each head they take two seshkenis for a buta, and from horses - four feet. And he comes to the butkhan of all people twenty thousand lakhs, and sometimes a hundred thousand lakhs.
And with the sultan came twenty-six viziers, and with each vizier ten thousand horse troops, and twenty thousand foot soldiers, and with another vizier fifteen thousand horse men and thirty thousand foot men. And there were four great Indian viziers, and with them came forty thousand and one hundred thousand foot soldiers. And the Sultan was angry with the Hindus that few people went with them, and they added another twenty thousand footmen, and two thousand horsemen, and twenty elephants. Such is the strength of the Indian Sultan, bezermensky. Muhammad's faith is good... And the plants are badly donot - but God knows the right faith. And the right faith is to know the one God and to call upon his name in every clean place.
On the fifth Great day, they thought about Russia. Idoh from Bedery grad a month before the ulu of scarlet desermen Mamet denis rozsulal... And the days of the peasants are great, I do not witness the resurrection of Christ, but their shitty govѣhs are the Germans, and I got married with them, and the day was great in Kelberi from Bederi 10 kovs.
On the fifth Easter I decided to go to Russia. Left Bidar a month before the besermen ulu bairam according to the faith of Muhammad, the messenger of God... And when Easter, the Resurrection of Christ, I don't know, I fasted with the deermen during their fast, I broke the fast with them, and I celebrated Easter in Gulbarga, ten kovs from Bidar.
The sultan arrived and meliktuchar with his service 15 day along the street bagryam, and in Kelberg. But the war did not succeed in him, one city was taken by the Indian, and a lot of them were bent, and the treasury was worn out a lot.
The Sultan came to Gulbarga with a melik-at-tujar and with his army on the fifteenth day after Ulu Bayram. The war they did not succeed - one city was taken by the Indian, and many people died and the treasury wasted a lot.
And the Indian saltan kadam velmi is strong, and he has a lot of rati. And he sits in the mountain in Bichinѣgurѣ, and his city velmi is great. There are three moats around it, and the river flows through it. And from one country his zhengѣl is evil, and from another country came a dol, and chyudna sta velmi and pleasing on all. On the same land of priitti nakuda, through the city of the road, and the city of taking nakuda, the mountain came great and the jungle of evil tiken. Under the city, a host of months flocked, and the people died of waterlessness, and many velmi's heads were bent from hunger and from waterlessness. And he looks at the water, but take nѣkuda.
And the Indian Grand Duke is powerful, and he has a lot of rati. His fortress is on a mountain, and his capital city Vijayanagar is very great. Three ditches near the city, but the river flows through it. On one side of the city there is dense jungle, and on the other side the valley is suitable - an amazing place, suitable for everything. That side is not passable - the path goes through the city; you can't take the city from any side: the mountain is huge there and the thicket is evil, thorny. The army stood under the city for a month, and people died of thirst, and a lot of people died of hunger and thirst. We looked at the water, but do not go to it.
And the city took the Indian melikchan owner, and took him by force, day and night fought against the city for 20 days, the army neither drank nor ѣla, under the city stood with cannons. And his arms bent five thousand good people. And he took the city, and they brought up 20 thousand of the male and female livestock, and 20 thousand he took the great and the malago. And they sold a head full of 10 shades, and the other for 5 teneks, and robots by two tenky. And the treasury was nothing. And he did not take a large city.
Khoja melik-at-tujar took another Indian city, took it by force, fought the city day and night, the army neither drank nor ate for twenty days, stood under the city with cannons. And his army killed five thousand of the best warriors. And he took the city - they massacred twenty thousand male and female, and twenty thousand - both adults and small ones - were taken prisoner. The prisoners were sold for ten shades per head, and others for five, and children for two tenki. The treasury was not taken at all. And he did not take the capital city.
And from Kelberg go to Kuluri. And in Kuluri, an ahik will be born, and they give him that, they deliver him for the whole world from there. And in Kuril there are three hundred sulyah mikunT... And the same would be five months, and from there I will go to Kalika. The same bozar velmi is great. And from there I’ll go to Konaberg, and from Kanaberg to go to Shikh Aladin. And from Shikh Aladin he went to Amendriya, and from Kamendriya to Nyaryas, and from Kinaryas to Suri, and from Suri poidokh to Dabyly - the shelter of the Indian Sea.
From Gulbarga I went to Kallur. In Kallura, carnelian will be born, and here it is processed, and from here it is transported all over the world. Three hundred diamond workers live in Kallura, weapons decorate... I stayed here for five months and went from there to Koilkonda. The bazaar there is very large. And from there he went to Gulbarga, and from Gulbarga to Aland. And from Aland he went to Amendriye, and from Amendriye - to Naryas, and from Naryas - to Suri, and from Suri he went to Dabhol - the pier of the Indian Sea.
Dabil is a great city of Velmi, and besides, Dabyly and all the Indian and Ethiopian seas are used. The same cursed as the slavery of Afonasey of the Highest God, the creator of heaven and earth, pondered in time for the peasants, and after the baptism of Christ, and according to the holy fathers established, according to the commandments of the apostles, and rushed to Russia with his mind. And inward same to tava and talk about tilt by ship, and from its head two golden hail to Gurmyz date... Bring in the ship from Dabylya Grad to Velik in three months of desermen govine.
The big city of Dabhol - people come here from both the Indian and Ethiopian seas. Here I, the accursed Athanasius, the slave of God above, the creator of heaven and earth, pondered about the Christian faith, and about Christ's baptism, about the fasts arranged by the holy fathers, about the apostolic commandments, and rushed with my thoughts to Russia. He went up to the tava and conspired to pay the ship's fee - from his head to Hormuz-grad two gold gave. I sailed on a ship from Dabhol-grad to the bessermen post, three months before Easter.
And Idoh in tavѣ by the sea is a month, and not vidѣh anything. On another month they saw the mountains of Ethiopia, the same people all shouted: "Ollo the first-person, ollo kon'kar, bizim bashi mudna nasin bolmyshti" Thou shalt perish! "
I swam in tava on the sea for a month, not seeing anything. And the next month I saw the Ethiopian mountains, and all the people cried out: “ Ollo pervodiger, ollo konkar, bizim bashi mudna nasin bolshti", And in Russian it means:" God, Lord, God, God above, king of heaven, here you judged us to perish! "
In the same land of Ethiopia there were five days. He did not do evil by God's grace. Distributing a lot of brynts, and pepper, and bread with Ethiopian, ini do not rob the ship whether.
We were in that Ethiopian land for five days. By God's grace, evil did not happen. A lot of rice and pepper and bread were distributed to the Ethiopians. And they did not rob the ship.
And from there Idoh 12 days before Moshkat. In Moshkat, the sixth Great Day took. And it was 9 days to go to Gurmyz, and 20 days to Gurmyz. From Gurmyz we went to Lari, and in Lari it took three days. From Lari it took 12 days to go to Shiryaz, and in Shiryaz it took 7 days. And from Shiryaz they went to Verg for 15 days, and in Velerga it took 10 days. And from Vergu you would go to travel 9 days, and to Travel would take 8 days. And go go poidoh in Spagani 5 days, and in Spagani 6 days. Is Pagani went to Kashini, and in Kashini it took 5 days. And Is Kashin went to Kum, and Is Kuma went to Sava. And from Sava go to Sultan, and from Sultania go to Terviz, a is Terviza went to the horde of Asanbѣg. In the hordes, however, there were 10 days, but the path is nowhere. And on Turskago he sent rats of his court 40 thousand. Ini Sevast was taken, and Tohat was taken and burned, Amasia was taken, and many villages were plundered, and they went to the Karamani fight.
And from there we walked twelve days to Muscat. I met the sixth Easter in Muscat. I sailed for nine days before Hormuz, but I spent twenty days in Hormuz. And from Hormuz he went to Lar, and was in Lara for three days. It took twelve days from Lara to Shiraz, and seven days in Shiraz. From Shiraz I went to Eberka, I walked fifteen days, and I went to Eberka ten days. From Eberku to Yazd it took nine days, and in Yazd there were eight days, and from Yazd he went to Isfahan, walked five days, and in Isfahan there were six days. And from Isfahan I went to Kashan, but I was in Kashan for five days. And from Kashan he went to Qom, and from Qum to Save. And from Save he went to Soltanie, and from Soltanie he went to Tabriz, and from Tabriz he went to the headquarters of Uzun Hasan-bek. At his rate there were ten days, because there was no way anywhere. Uzun Hasan-bek sent forty thousand rati to his court against the Turkish Sultan. They took Sivas. And Tokat was taken and burned, and Amasya was taken, and many villages were plundered and they went to war against the Karaman ruler.
And from the horde I went to Artsytsan, and from Ortsytsan I went to Trepizon.
And from the headquarters of Uzun Hasan-bek I went to Erzinjan, and from Erzinjan I went to Trabzon.
In Trepizon, the Holy Mother of God and the ever-present Mary came to the Protection of the Holy Virgin, and there were 5 days in Trapizon. And he came to the ship and conspired about nalonѣ - to give gold from his head to Kafa; and I took the gold for grub, and dati in Kaph.
In Trabzon, he came to the Protection of the Holy Mother of God and the ever-virgin Mary and was in Trabzon for five days. I came to the ship and agreed to pay - from my head to give gold to Kafa, and I borrowed gold for grub - to give it to Cafe.
And in Trapizon my shubash da pasha is a lot of evil uchinisha. All my rubbish was taken to the city on the mountain, but they searched everything - that little bit, and they ransacked everything. And they are searching the letters that you came from the horde of Asanbeg.
And in that Trabzon, the subashis and pasha caused me a lot of harm. They ordered everyone to bring my good to their fortress, to the mountain, but they searched everything. And what was a good little thing - they ransacked everything. And they were looking for certificates, because I was coming from the headquarters of Uzun Hasan-bek.
By the grace of God came to the third sea Chernago, and in the Parsian language Doria Stimbolskaa. Idokh by sea on the morning of 10 days, until I went to Vonada, and that we were sent off by the great tomorrow midnight, take us to Trapizon, and I stood in Platan for 15 days, the next day I was great and evil. Is Platans I went to the sea twice, and the evil one scolds us, he will not let us walk on the sea. Ollo aky, ollo is a bad gamer! I don’t know the development of that other God.
By the grace of God, I reached the third sea - the Black Sea, which in Persian is Daria Istanbul. With a favorable wind, we went by sea for ten days and reached Bona, and then a strong north wind met us and drove the ship back to Trabzon. Because of the strong, oncoming wind, we stood for fifteen days in Platan. They went out to sea twice from Platans, but the wind blew evil towards us, did not allow us to go across the sea. True God, God patron! I don't know any other God besides him.
And the sea proidoh, d and bring us in sis to Balikaeѣ, and from there to Tokorzov, and that one stood for 5 days. By the grace of God, I came to Kafa 9 days before Philip's conspiracy. Ollo the leading player!
We crossed the sea, but brought us to Balaklava, and from there we went to Gurzuf, and we stood there for five days. By the grace of God, I came to Kafa nine days before Filippov's fast. God is the creator!
By the grace of God, the three seas passed. Digger badly dono, ollo the first game is given. Amen! Smilna rahmam ragim. Ollo akbir, akshi is bad, ilello aksh hodo. Isa fell, aaliksolom. Ollo Akber. And ilyagaila ilello. Ollo is the first gamer. Ahamdu lillo, hide of bad afatad. Bismilnagi rasam rahim. Huvo mogu climb, la lasaillya guya alimul giaibi wa shagaditi. Fuck Rahman Ragim, Hubo I can clang. La ilaga il lyakhuya. Almelik, alakudos, asaloma, almumina, almugamina, alaziz, alchebar, almutakan'bir, alkhalik, albariuu, almusaviru, alkafara, alkalkhara, alvazakh, alryazak, alfatagu, alalim, alqabiz, albasut, alhafiz, allrravia, almaviz, almuzil, alsemil, albasir, alakama, aladul, alatufu.
By the grace of God, I passed three seas. God knows the rest, God knows the patron. Amen! In the name of the Lord, the merciful, the merciful. The Lord is great, God is good, Lord is good. Jesus spirit of God, peace be upon you. God is great. There is no God but the Lord. Lord Provider. Praise be to the Lord, thanks be to the all-conquering God. In the name of God, merciful, merciful. He is God, except for whom there is no God, who knows everything secret and obvious. He is merciful, merciful. He has no others of his own. There is no God but the Lord. He is the king, holiness, peace, keeper, evaluating good and evil, almighty, healing, exalting, creator, creator, depicting, he is the resolver of sins, punisher, resolving all difficulties, nourishing, victorious, omniscient, punishing, correcting, preserving, exalting, forgiving, overthrowing, all-hearing, all-seeing, right, just, good.
In the same year, the spelling of the merchant's Ofonas tveritin was acquired ...- This entry, dating back to 1474-1475, most likely belongs to the compiler of an independent collection of chronicles of the 80s. XV century
... in Yndѣe 4 years ...- Afanasy Nikitin stayed in India, as we can assume, from the middle of 1471 to the beginning of 1474; see the following information from the Indian chronicles about the time of the capture of the cities mentioned by Nikitin, and indications of the relationship between the dates of the Russian calendar and the Muslim lunar calendar.
... if Prince Yurya was near Kazan, then he was shot near Kazan... - We are talking, obviously, ο the campaign against Kazan of the Russian troops under the leadership of the brother of Ivan III, Prince Yuri Vasilyevich Dmitrovsky, which ended in September 6978 (1469); Outside the commented monument, there is no information about Vasily Papin after Ivan III in Shirvan.
... Smolensk did not reach, died.- Until 1514 Smolensk was a part of the Lithuanian state.
Vasily Mamyrev (1430-1490)- the grand-ducal clerk, left by Ivan III together with I. Yu. Ryapolovsky in Moscow during the invasion of Khan Akhmat in 1480 and in 1485 supervised the construction of fortifications in Vladimir.
For prayer ... Afonasya Mikitin's son... - The patronymic (“surname”) of the author of “Voyage across the Three Seas” is mentioned only in the initial phrase of the monument, which was completed in the edition according to the Trinity List (it is not in the chronicle edition).
... the Derbenskoe sea, doria Khvalitskaa ...- Caspian Sea; Daria (Pers.) - sea.
... the Indian sea, the road of Gundustanskaa ...- Indian Ocean.
... doria Stebolskaya... - The Black Sea is also called Stebolsk (Istanbul) after the Greek folk and Turkish name of Constantinople - Istimpoli, Istanbul.
... from the Savior of the Holy Golden-Domed ...- The main cathedral of Tver (XII century), according to which the Tver land was often called "the house of the Holy Savior."
Mikhail Borisovich- Grand Duke of Tver in 1461-1485.
Vladyka Gennady- Bishop of Tver in 1461-1477, former Moscow boyar Gennady Kozha.
Boris Zakharyich- the voivode, who headed the Tver troops that helped Vasily the Dark in the fight against his enemy Dmitry Shemyaka, a representative of the Borozdins family, who later transferred to Moscow service.
... the Kolyazin monastery to the Holy Trinity ... to Boris and Glabu... - The Trinity Monastery in the Tver city of Kalyazin on the Volga was founded by Abbot Macarius, mentioned by Nikitin; the Church of Boris and Gleb was located in the Makaryevsky Trinity Monastery.
... on Uglech ...- Uglich is a city and destiny of the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
... came ... to Kostroma to Prince Alexander ...- Kostroma on the Volga was one of the direct possessions of the Grand Duke of Moscow.
...vNovgorod inLower ...- Nizhny Novgorod since 1392 was part of the possessions of the Grand Duke of Moscow; Governor Mikhail Kiselev - apparently the father of Φ. Μ. Kiselev, who received a letter of commendation from Ivan III until 1485.
... two weeks ...- Obviously, a copyist's mistake; these words (they are not in the Trinity edition) are repeated further in the same phrase.
... shirvanshin ...- Shirvanshah Farrukh Yasar ruled in the Shirvan state in 1462-1500.
... Kaysym saltan ...- Khan Kasim, the second time ruler of the Astrakhan Khanate.
... to ѣzu ...- Ez (stab) - a wooden fence on the river for fishing.
... theses ...- This is how the merchants from Iran were usually called.
... kaitaki ...- Kaitak is a mountainous region in Dagestan.
... to Bakѣ, where the fire burns are inextinguishable ...- Probably, we are talking about flames in places where oil comes out or ο a temple of fire worshipers.
Α that Shausen was killed ...- Β days of memory of Imam Hussein (died in Mesopotamia in the 7th century), the procession participants exclaim: “Shahsey! Vakhsey! " (Shah Hussein! Wah Hussein!); these days are celebrated by the Shiites at the beginning of the year according to the Muslim lunar calendar (in 1469, Oshur Bayram fell on the end of June and the beginning of July). The desolation of Rhea County is associated with the wars of the 13th century.
... batman 4 altyns each ...- Batman (Pers.) - a weight measure that reached several pounds; altyn is a monetary unit of account that contains six money.
...athe sea takes him every day, twice a day.- Sea tides in the Persian Gulf are semi-diurnal.
And then you took the first Great Day ...- From the further presentation it follows that in Hormuz Nikitin celebrated the third Easter outside Russia. Perhaps the traveler wanted to say that this is the first holiday that he met when he came to the Indian Ocean.
...vRadunitsa.- Radunitsa is the ninth day after Easter.
... to tava with konmi... - Tava (Maratsk daba) is a sailing ship without an upper deck. The massive importation of horses to India was carried out to replenish the cavalry and the needs of the local nobility for many centuries.
... paint and lek.- We are talking about the blue indigo paint (compare hereinafter "let them repair the nile paint") and the preparation of varnish.
... a photo on the headѣ, and the other on the goose ...- The traveler says ο turban (Persian fota) and dhoti (Ind.), Which, like the women's sari clothing, were made of unstitched fabric.
... Asatkhan Chyunerskya is Indian, andslave meliktucharov... - Asadkhan Junnar, a native of Gilan, is mentioned in Indian chronicles as a person close to the great vizier, Mahmud Gavan, who bore the title of melik-attujar (ruler of merchants).
... kafars ...- Kafir (Arabic) - unfaithful, so at first Nikitin called the Hindus, using the term accepted among Muslims; later he called them "Gundustans" and "Indyans".
Their winter has become from Trinity days... - This refers to the period of monsoon showers, which lasts in India from June to September. Trinity - the fiftieth day after Easter; falls in May-June. - It is not clear which city A. Nikitin has in mind. Spring has begun with them from the Intercession ...- This refers to the beginning of the new season in October after the period of monsoon showers.
Α small saltan - 20 lѣT...- Β year of Nikitin's arrival in India Sultan Mohammed III was seventeen years old, in the year of departure - twenty.
There is a khorosanets meliktuchar boyar ...- So Nikitin calls the great vizier Mahmud Havana, a native of Gilan.
... a thousand people kutovalov ...- Kutuval (Pers.) - the commandant of the fortress.
... futuns ...- It is possible that Nikitin calls this gold coin to fans.
... about the conspiracyο Filipov... - Filippov Lent lasts from November 14 to Christmas, which falls on December 25.
... before the Great Conspiracy ...- Lent begins seven weeks before Easter, that is, in February or early March.
... like Ustenian the Tsar of Constantinople ...- Statue in Constantinople of Justinian I (527-565).
... the will is great, andcut out of stones ...- Statue of the bull Nandi, companion of Shiva.
... are full.- Syta is a honey drink.
... resident ...- Resident - copper coin.
... to the unsermensky ulu scarlet... - Ulu Bayram is a great holiday, the same as Eid al-Adha (holiday of sacrifice) is one of the main holidays in Islam, celebrated on the 10-13th day of the month of Dhu-l-Hijja according to the Muslim lunar calendar, the ratio of which to the solar calendar changes every year. Nikitin further points out that the holiday took place in mid-May; this allows us to establish the year - 1472.
...afrom Moshkat ...- Apparently the chronicler's insert; these words contradict the indicated travel time; they are absent from the Trinity list. ... manik, yes yacht, yes brick ...- Mani (Skt.) - ruby; Yakut (Arabic) - yakhont, more often sapphire (blue yakhont), less often ruby (lal); kirpuk (distorted carbuncle) - ruby.
... Ammon will be born ...- Ammon is a gem, possibly a diamond.
They sell a kidney for five rubles ...- Kidney - a measure of weight for precious stones ("heavy" - one twentieth and "light" - one twenty-fifth of the spool, respectively: 0.21 g and 0.17 g).
... aukyiks(in the Trinity List: aukykov) - the text is unclear. It is assumed that an indication of a) the type of ships (Arabic - gunuk); b) distance.
The month of May 1 day Great is the day Esmi took inThigh ...- Nikitin did not celebrate the fourth Easter outside Russia on time; Easter does not happen later than April 25 (Julian).
...aBesermen Bagram vsons inmiddle mѣSyatsa ...- Eid al-Adha in 1472 fell on May 19.
The first great day took you inCain, aanother Great day in Chebokara ...- Concerning this place, suggestions have been made that Cain is either a distorted name of some point in the Transcaucasus, or Nain in Iran; but Nikitin visited Nain after Chapakur, in which case it follows that Nikitin met the first Easter outside Russia in Chapakura, and the second in Nain.
... yes togreat iron weights are tied to the snout... - Nikitin mistook the big bells that were hung around the elephant's neck for weights.
Yes, there are a thousand ordinary horsestacklexj gold ...- When noble persons left, it was customary to bring out riding horses in full equestrian dress, demonstrating the wealth and nobility of the owner.
Saadak- a set of weapons: a bow in a case and a quiver with arrows.
... plays a terem ...- This refers to the chhatra parasol (ind.), A symbol of power.
... mahtum ...- Mahdum (Arabic) - lord. An honorary title that the great vizier Mahmud Gavan received in May 1472 after the capture of Goa.
... runaways.- Run (Türkic, h. From run, beat) - representatives of the feudal nobility (Arabic synonym - emir).
Yaishu myrza was killed by Uzoasanbѣg ...—Jehanshah Kara-Koyunlu, who ruled in Iran and a number of neighboring regions, was killed in November 1467 in a battle with the troops of his rival Uzun Hasan Ak-Koyunlu.
...aSultan Musyaity was fed ...- Sultan Abu-Said, who ruled in Central Asia, invaded Transcaucasia. Farrukh Yasar, surrounded by the troops of Uzun Hasan and his ally, was captured and executed in February 1469.
...aEdiger Makhmet ...- Muhammad Yadigar is a rival of Abu Said, who temporarily seized power after his death.
... two cities took Indian ...- According to Indian chronicles during the war of 1469-1472. the two coastal cities of Sangameshwar and Goa were taken; the latter, as can be seen from the correspondence of Mahmoud Havana, was occupied on February 1, 1472.
... stood under the city for two years ...- We are talking about the siege of the fortress of Kelna during the same war.
... took three great cities.- According to Indian chronicles during the campaign to Telingana in 1471-1472. three important fortresses were occupied - Warangal, Kondapalli, Rajamandri. The troops were commanded by Malik Hasan, who bore the title of nizam-al-mulk.
... came ...- The scribal's mistake: in the Chronicle izvod - came; the next phrase contains the correct spelling of the word “come”.
... at the Binedar prince ...- Virupaksha II, Maharaja of Vijayanagara, ruled 1465-1485. Further Nikitin calls him "Indian Avdon" and "Indian Sultan Kadam".
The Sultan came out of the city of Beder for eight months on Velica days... - Sultan Muhammad III, as established from the correspondence of Mahmud Havana, set out on a campaign against Belgaon on March 15, 1473.
...arightuu inѣru Bog vѣgives.Α prava vѣraGod is one nobleman, and call upon his name in every place purely pure... - This statement of Afanasy Nikitin, directly adjacent to the phrase written in Persian: "And Muhammad's faith is good", testifies to the originality of his worldview. It cannot be reduced to a simple idea of religious tolerance: the words "God knows" elsewhere in Nikitin mean uncertainty - "far off God knows what will happen." Nikitin considers only monotheism and moral purity to be an obligatory feature of the "right faith". In this respect, his worldview approaches the views of Russian heretics of the late 15th century, who argued that a representative of any “language” can become “pleasing to God”, as long as he “creates the truth”.
... a month before the ulu scarlet ...- Β 1473, the beginning of this holiday fell on May 8.
... and parted with them, and took a great day inKelberi ...- Consequently, Nikitin celebrated the sixth Easter in May, that is, not on time, just like the previous one.
... one city was taken by the Indian ...- The city of Belgaon, the siege and capture of which in 1473 are described in detail in the Indian chronicles.
Under the city there was an army for a month ...- We are talking about the unsuccessful siege of the city of Vijaya-nagar.
... go to Amendriya, and from Camendriya to Nyaryas, and from Kinaryas to Suri ...- It is not clear which cities between Aland and Dabhol the traveler is talking about.
... before Velik, three months of non-German govine... - Nikitin points here to the ratio in a given year of the two rolling dates of the Muslim and Orthodox calendar. Β 1474 the beginning of the Ramadan fast fell on January 20, and Easter on April 10.
Α on turkago ...- Turkish Sultan Mehmed II ruled in 1451-1481.
... in Karaman ...- Power in Karaman changed hands several times during these years. The sultan's viceroy was Mustafa, the son of Mehmed II. The hereditary ruler of Karaman was Pir Ahmed (d. 1474), an ally of Uzun Hasan.
... shubash yes pasha ...- Su-bashi - head of the city security; Pasha is the governor of the Sultan.
Old Russian text Trinity list of the 16th century.
Z and the prayer of the saints, our fathers, Lord Jesus Christ, son of God, have mercy on me, your servant, your sinister Afonasya Mikitin's son. Behold, I have written my terrible wanderings for three seas: the first sea of Derben, the road of Khvalitskaa; the second Induyskoe sea, Gondustanskaa road; the third Black Sea, Stembolska road. Poidokh from the Holy Savior of the Golden-Domed with his mercy, from the Grand Duke Mikhail Borisovich and from Vladyka Gennady Tvurskiy, went to the bottom of the Volga and came to the monastery to the holy life-giving Trinity and the holy martyr Boris and Globe; and blessing the brothers from the abbot with Makariy; and from Kolyazin he went to Uglech, from Uglech to Kostroma to Prince Alexander, with the son of Gramoto. And the great prince let me go of all Russia voluntarily. And on Yeleso, in Novgorod Nizhnyaya, to Mikhail Kiselev, to the namnik and to the official Ivan Saraev, they voluntarily admitted. And Vasiley Papin drove into the city, and he waited in the city for two weeks for the Tatar ambassador of the Tatar Shirvashin Asambug, and he was driving from the krechata from the great prince Ivan, and he had ninety krechatov. And you went with him to the bottom of the Volga. And Kazan I am, and the Horde, and Uslan, and Sarai, and Verekezans passed I voluntarily. And I drove into the Vuzan river.
And that three nasty Tatars drove us over and told us false news: Kaisym soltan guards the guests in Buzan, and with him three thousand totars. And the ambassador of the shirvashin Asanbѣg gave them one row at a time and along the canvas, so that they would lead them past Aztarkhan. And they took odnoryatki one by one, and gave it to the king in Khaztorohani. And I left my ship and crawl onto the ship for a word and with comrades. Aztarkhan on a month of the night with a sail, the tsar saw us and the Tatars called us: "Kachma, do not run!" And the king sent his entire horde after us. And according to our sin, they overtook us on Bugun, they shot a man at our place, and we shot two of them; and our smaller ship was on the move, and they took it for an hour and plundered it, and my junk is all in the smaller ship. And with a large ship we reached the sea, but it was at the mouth of the Volga aground, and they took us there, but they pulled the ship back to the ride. And then they took our bigger ship, and the Russians took 4 heads, and they let us go bareheaded across the sea, and they didn’t let us through the water. And I went to Derbenti two courts: in one vessel the ambassador Asambig, yes teziks, and russians we have 10 heads; and in the other ship 6 Muscovites and 6 tverich.
And the furstovina rose to the sea, but the smaller ship smashed on the shore, and the Kaitaks came and the people hunted everyone. And send me to Derben. And that Vasily came to good health, and we were robbed. And I beat Vasily Papin with my brow and the ambassador Shirvanshin Asanbeg, who came with him to grieve about the people who were caught under Tarkhy kaitaki. And Osanbѣg grieved and went up the mountain to Bultabѣg. And Bulatbѣg soon sent yes to shirvanshѣbѣgu: that the Russian ship had been smashed under Tarkhi, and the kaytaks had come to capture people, and their goods were robbed. And the shirvanshab of that hour sent an ambassador to his brother-in-law, Alilbeg, the kaitic prince, that my ship was smashed near Tarkhy, and your people came, they took people, and their goods were robbed; and you would send me less for people and collect their goods, then these people were sent to my name; but what would you need from me, and you came to me, and you, your brother, would not stand for that, and you would have let them go voluntarily for me. And Alilbug of that hour sent all the people to Derbent voluntarily, and from Derbent they sent them to shirvanshi in-rdu his coitul. And we went to the shirvansha vo and koitul and beat him with the forehead, so that he would grant us, rather than milking to Russia. And he gave us nothing, but there are many of us. And we wept and went koi kuda: whoever has something in Russia, and he went to Russia; but who should, and he went where his eyes carried, and some remained in Shamakhi, and others went to work to Bakѣ.
And yaz went to Derbenty, and from Derbent to Bakѣ, where the fire burns are inextinguishable; and from Baki I went across the sea to Chebokar, but here I lived in Chebokar for 6 months, and in Sarѣ lived a month in the Mazdran land. And from there to Amily, and here I lived for a month. And from there to Dimovant, and from Dimovant to Ray. And that they killed Shausen Aleev's children and the grandchildren of the Makhmetevs, and he cursed them, and in other 70 cities fell apart. And from Drya to Kasheni, and then I was a month. And from Kasheni to Nain, and from Nain to Ride, and here I lived for a month. And from Diez to Syrchan, and from Syrchan to Tarom, and the funiki feed the beast, batman 4 altyns each. And from Torom to Lara, and from Lara to Bendery. And here there is the Gurmyzskoe refuge, and here there is the Indian Sea, and in the Parsean language there is also the Hondustani road; and from there it is by sea to Gurmyz 4 miles. And Gurmyz is on the island, and every day the sea takes him twice a day. And then you took 1 Great Day, and you came to Gurmyz four weeks before the Great Day. Otherwise, I didn’t write all the cities, there are many great cities. And in Gurmyz there is a cooked sun, to burn a man. And in Gurmyz I was a month, and from Gurmyz I went across the Indian Sea, along Velitsa, days to Fomin, to Tava, with horses.
And the Eme went by the sea Dugu 4 days; from Dѣga Kuzryatu; and from Kuzryat Konbatu, and then give birth to paint and lek. And from Kanbat to Chivil, and from Chivil I went to this week along Velitsa days, and I went to Tav 6 weeks by sea to Chivil. And here there is an Indian country, and people walk around naked all the time, but the head is not covered, and the breasts are bare, and the hair is braided in one braid, and all the bellies are walking around, giving birth to children for every year, and they have many children, and husbands and wives are all black; I go wherever, but there are a lot of people behind me, they are amazed at the little man. And their prince - fota on their headsѣ, and a friend, on their hips; and the boyars walk with them - a photo on the splashѣ, and the other on the hips, and the princesses walk - the photo on the shoulder is rounded, and the other on the hips; and the servants of the princess and the boyar - the picture on the hips is rounded, but the shield and the sword in hand, and the other with sulitsa, and the other with knives, and the other with sabers, and the other with bows and arrows; but all are naked, and barefoot, and bolkats; and the women walk their heads uncovered, and their breasts are bare; and paropky and girls walk naked until 7 years old, and are not covered with litter. And from Chuvila we went dry until Pali 8 days before the Indian mountains. And from Pali to Die 10 days, that is, an Indian city. And from Die to Chyuneir 6 days, and here there is Asatkhan Chyunersky Indian, and the servant Meliktuchyarov, and keep, say, seven dark from Meliktuchar.
And Meliktuchar sits on 20 tmah; and beats from the kafar for 20 years, then he beats him, then he beats them many times. Khan, go to the people, and he has many good elephants and horses, and he has many Horozans; but to bring them from the Khorosan land, and the other from the Orabansk land, and the other from the Tukrmes land, and the other from the Chegotan land, and bring everything by sea to the Tavakh, the Indian land, ships. And the awful yaz brought the stallion to the Yndyi land, God came to Chyuner, and gave all the hello, and became a hundred rubles. Winter, however, began with Troicin days. And I spent the winter in Chunuir, lived for two months; every day and night 4 months, and everywhere there is water and mud. In the same days they have wheat and wheat, and tuturgan, and nails, and everything edible. Wine is repaired with them in the great oreseh kozi gundustanskaa; and they repair the mash in tatna, feed the horses with nohoot, and boil kichiris with sugar, and feed the horses, and with butter, but I will hurt them with shisheni. In the Indian land, the horses will not give birth to them, oxen and bulls will be born in their land, but they will go to the same land and carry other goods, they will do everything. Chyuner there is a city on an island on a stone, not given to anything, God is ready; but walking up the mountain day on a single person, the road is dull, you can't drink.
In the Indian land, guests should be set up in the courtyard, and cook for the guests of the lady, and make the bed, and sleep with the guests, sikish ileres' for a resident of bersen, do the awrath chektur and sikish mufut to love white people. In winter, they have people walking around on their hips, and the other on the splash, and the third on their heads; and then the princes and the boyars will put on their trousers, and the shirt, and the kavtan, and the photo on the shoulder, and gird it with another, and wrap the head with the third photo; a se olo, olo, abr olo ak, olo kerim, olo ragym. And in the tom Chyuner khan he took a stallion from me, and witnessed that the yaz is not non-German, Rusin, and he says: “And I will give a stallion and a thousand golden ladies, but stand in our lie in Mahmet Deni; but you will not stand in our lie in Mahmet Deni, and I will take away the stallion and a thousand gold pieces for your head. " And he set the deadline for 4 days, in shitty time on Spasov day. And the Lord God took mercy on his honest holiday, do not leave me the mercy of your sinner and did not command me to go to Chyuner with the wicked; on the eve of Spasov's days, the hostess Mahmet the Khorosan came to me with a head to him to grieve about me; and he went to the khan in the city, but he asked me not to be put in the wrong, and he took my stallion from him.
Such is the gentleman's chyudo on Spasov Day! Ino, brothers, Russian Christians, who wants to drink in the Ynduy land, and you leave your lies in Russia, and I will see Makhmet, and go to the Gustan land. The dogs of the desermen lied to me, and told a lot of our goods, but nothing on our land; all the goods were on the land of Besserm, pepper and paint, it was cheap; others are transported by sea, they do not give other duties. And some people will not let us carry out duties, and there are many duties, but there are many robbers at sea. And they break all the coffees, neither the peasants, nor the rabble; but they pray with a stone blockhead, but they don't know Christ. And Is Chyunerya came out to the Dormition of the Most Pure Ones to Beder, to their greater city. And there was a month; and from Beder to Kulonkerya 5 days; and from Kulonger to Kelberg, 5 days. There are many cities between tѣkh great cities; for every day for three hails, and for another day and 4 hails; Kolko kovv, only hail. And from Chyuvila to Chyuneir 20 kovs, and from Chyuner to Beder 40 kovs, and from Beder to Kolungor 9 kovs, and from Beder to Koluberg 9 kovs. In Bedery, however, bargaining for horses, and for goods, and kamkas, for silk and for any other goods, and black people buy in it; and other in it buy nѣt. Yes, all their goods are from Gundostan, and all vegetables are soyastny, and there are no goods on the Russian land.
And all are black, and all are villains, and women are all whores, yes, yes, yes, lies, yes, potions, master. All Khorosantsi reign in the Indian land, and all the boyars are Khorosantsi; and the gundustantsi are all pshihod, and the borzoi walk, and all are naked and barefoot, and a shield in ruts, and a sword in the other, and other servants with great straight bows and arrows. And all the elephants fight them, and let them go ahead, Horosantsi on horseback and in armor, and the horses themselves; and knit an elephant to the snout and to the tooth of the great swords are forged according to the kendar, and they will be sheathed in damask armor, and towns have been made on them, and in the city, 12 men each in armor, and all with cannons and arrows. They have one place, shikhb Aludin pyr atyr bozar alyadinand, for a year one bozar, the whole country of Indian trade is being assembled, and trading for 10 days; from Beder 12 kovov, bring horses up to 20 thousand sell, carry all goods; in the Hondustani land that trade is the best, every commodity is sold, bought, in memory of Shikh Aladin, on a Russian holiday on the Protection of the Holy Mother of God. There is also a gukuk bird in that Alyanda, the nights flies, and they call "gukuk".
And on which the horominѣ sit, then the man will die; and whoever wants to kill her, ino she has a fire out of her mouth. And mammon walks at night and has chickens, and lives in a mountain or in a stone. And monkeys then live in the forest, but they have a monkey prince, but go to their army, but whoever borrows them and they sympathize with their prince, and he send his army to that one, and they, coming to the city, loot the courtyards and beat people. And their rati, I say, velmi are many, and their tongues are their own, and to give birth to many children; but who will not be born into a father, not into a mother, they are marching along the roads; Some gondustantsi tѣh imayut and teach them all kinds of handicrafts, and some sell nights so that they don’t know how to get back, while others are taught the bases of mikanet. Spring with them became the Holy Mother of God from the Intercession; and to celebrate Shikha Aladina and spring two weeks after the Pokrov, and to celebrate 8 days; and keep spring for 3 months, and summer for 3 months, and for winter 3 months, and autumn for 3 months. In Bedery, their table is for Gundustan the desermen. And the city is vѣlik, and there are many people velmiya; and the Saltan is great for 20 years, and the boyars keep it, and the princes are Farasantsi, and all the Horosantsi fight. There is a Khorosanets Meliktuchar boyar, otherwise he has a host of two hundred thousand, and Melik Khan has 100 thousand, and Kharat Khan has 20 thousand; and there are many of those khans with 10 thousand rati.
And with the saltan, 300 thousand of their rats come out. And the land is crowded with velmi, and the rural people are naked, and the boyars are strong, kind and magnificent velmi; and carry all of them on their beds on silver coins, and before them the horses lead the tackle of gold up to 20; and on a horse behind them 300 people, and 500 men, and 10 trubnikov, and 10 nagarnikov people, and 10 svirѣlnikov people. The Sultan, on the other hand, goes out with his mother and his wife, sometimes with him there are 10 thousand people on horseback, and 50 thousand people on horseback, and 200 dressed-up gilded elephants are led by him, and in front of him there are 100 pipe workers, and there are 100 ordinary 300 dancers, and 300 ordinary horses. gold gear, and 100 monkeys, and 100 whores, and all gauryks. In the sultans' yard there are 7 gates, and at the gates there are 100 guardians and 100 scribes kofars; who will go, and they will record, and who will come out, and they will record; and garipov do not let go into the city. And his yard was chyuden velmi, everything was cut out and in gold, and the last stone was cut out and described in gold velmi nicely; and in the courtyard he has separate courts. The city of Beder is guarded in the night by a thousand men of kutovalovs, and to ride on horseback and in armor, and at all by a candle. And he sold his stallion's identity in Bedery, and I imposed 60 and 8 futuns with him, and I fed him for a year.
In Bedery, however, snakes walk the streets, and its length is two fathoms. He came to Beder about a conspiracy about Filipov is Kulongurya and sold his stallion about Christmas, and then he went to the great conspiracy in Beder and got to know many Indians and told him that I was not a non-Christian Ophis, I am the name of Christianity. the non-Sermen name of the owner is Isuf Khorosani. And they did not learn to reveal me about anything, not about stvѣ, not about trade, or about manaz, or about other substances, nor did they teach me to cover. Yes, about everything about their crucifixion, and they say: we put into Adam, but Booty, it seems, that is, Adam and his entire family. And vѣr v Indѣi all 80 and 4 vѣry, and all will be in Buta; and vѣra with lies neither drink nor eat food, nor marry, but other boranina, and chickens, and fish, and eggs, and do not eat oxen. In Bedery, however, it lasted 4 months and prayed to the Indians to drink to Pervoti, then their Yerusalim, and according to the desermen Myagkat, for their butkhan. There will also be a month for the Indians, and the bargaining at Butkhana for 5 days. But Butkhana Velmi is great from half a Tvѣri, a stone, but the actions of Butovy are laid out along it, around it all 12 are added, how But chudesa created, how he showed many images: the first appeared in a human way; another man, and the nose of elephants; the third is a man, and the vision is monkey; into the fourth man, and the image of the lutago beast, was him all with his tail, and carved on a stone, and the tail through him was a fathom.
The whole country of Induiskaa congregates to the bukhan on chyudo Butovo; Yes, old women and girls shave at Butkhan, and shave all their hair, beards, and heads, and go to Butkhan; yes, from every head emit two sheksheni duties on Buta, and from horses, four feet; and it is shrunk to the bukhan of all people byst azar lek vakht bashet sat azare lek. But in the bukhan, But cut out stones, velmi is great, but his tail is through him, and his right hand raised high and stretched out, like Ustyan is the Tsar of Tsaryagrad, and in his left hand he has a copy, and on it there is nothing, but he owes a mundane wide, and the vision is like a monkey, and the other Buta is naked, it is not niche, the cat is Achyuk, and the women of Butava are carved with sorom, and with children, and the will of the velmi is great, but it is carved from stones and black, and the whole is gilded, and kiss him in the hoof, and they pour flowers on him, and they pour flowers on Buta.
The Indians, however, do not eat any meat, neither barley, nor boran, nor chicken, nor fish, nor pork, but they have a lot of pigs; but they eat twice during the day, but do not eat at night, and do not drink wine, nor do they eat; and from the desermen do not drink or eat. And their nature is bad, and alone they eat during the day, neither eat food, nor with a wife; but they eat brynets, and kichiri with butter, and eat herbs of rosy, all with the right hand, but with the left it will not be accepted for anything; but do not hold a knife, and do not know a lzhizi; but for the day, who cooks the porridge, and everyone's for the saddle. And they will hide from the besermen, so that they do not look either in the forge or in the food; but he looked at the non-German people, and he did not eat, but eat others, they are covered with a plate so that no one would see him. And namaz them to the east along-russki, raise both hands high, and put them in the dark, and lie down on the ground, and drag everything down on the ground, then their bows. And the yasti sit down, wash their hands and feet, and rinse their mouth. And the butukhans are without doors, but are placed to the east, and the buty are to the east. And whoever they have to die, and they burn it and sprinkle the ashes on the water. And the wife will give birth to a child, otherwise the husband will give birth, and the father will give the name to the son and the mother to the daughter; but voluntarily they have nѣt, but I don’t know the trash. Or he came, in other words, bowing in Chernechski, both hands reaching the ground, and not saying a word.
To the First, to the Great zazdat about the Great zagovyne, to their own bout, that their Jerusalem, and in the non-Germanic Myakka, and in the Russian Jerusalim, and in the Indian Parvat. And all nagas congregate, only at the guzne of the plate; and the girls are all naked, only on the goose of the fota, and the others are in fotas, and there are pearls on them, there are a lot of yakhons, and there are hoops and rings of gold ollo oak on their hands, and inside to the butkhan to go to the volleh, but the ox's horns are bound with brass, yes shie bells 300, but the hooves are shod; and the volves call acce. The Indians, however, call the ox father, and the cow mother, and their calom bake bread and boil their own, and then smear their banner on the face, and on the forehead, and all over their body. On weekends and on Monday, eat once in the afternoon. In Yndѣe, it’s like pack-tur, and uchuze-shit: sikish ilarsen iki shitel; akechany ila atyrsenatle take zhetel; bulara dostor: and kul karavash uchuz char funa hub bem funa hubesiya; kapkara am chyuk kichi he likes. From Pervati, however, you came to Beder, 15 days before the desermen's ulubagr. And I don’t see the Great days of the Resurrection of Christ, but I guess by primtam - It’s a great day to be the first devilish rabbit of Khrestyansk in 9 days or 10 days.
And with me it’s nothing, no books, but I have taken books with them from Russia; otherwise, since they robbed me, they took them, and I forgot the times of all Christian holidays and Christian holidays, neither Great days, nor the Nativity of Christ, I do not see, neither Wednesday nor Friday I know; and in between you are vѣr tangrydan istremen ol'saklasyn; ollo bad, ollo ak, ollo you, ollo akber, ollo ragym, ollo kerim, ollo ragymello, ollo kari mello, tan tangrysen, thin autumn. God alone is the king of glory, creator of heaven and earth. And I am going to Russia, ketmyshtyr ime and uruch here tym. The month of March has passed, and since the month of meat I was not yal, I started talking from the desermen in the week, but I said nothing too soon, no yastia of the devil, and if I had all the water twice during the day, I smoked the water; Yes, you prayed to the Almighty God, who created heaven and earth, but you did not call on Nikotor's name otherwise, god ollo, god kerim, god ragym, god bad, god ak ber, god king of glory, ollo boiled, ollo ragymello sensen ollo you.
And from Gurmyz it by sea to Golat 10 days, and from Kalata to Dygu 6 days, and from Dug to Moshkat to Kuchzryat to Kombat 4 days, from Kambat to Chivel 12 days, and from Chivil to Dabyl - 6. But there is a haven in Gundustani is the last ruthlessness. And from Dabyl to Kolekot it is 25 days, and from Selekot to Siljan 15 days, and from Silyan to Shibait it takes a month, and from Sibat to Pevgu it takes 20 days, and from Pevgu to Chini and to Machin it takes a month to go by sea. And from Chini to Kytaa it is dry for 6 months, and by the sea it is four days, arosto khodom. Gurmyz is a great refuge, all the people of the world are in it, and there are all goods in it, that is born in the whole world, then in Gurmyz there is everything; the tamga is great, the tenth of everything is there. And Kamblyat is the shelter of the Indian Sea for everything, and the goods in it are all alachi, and variegated, and kandaki, and they repair the paint nil, and may be born in it a lek and ahyk and long. So that there is a haven for the Velmi is great, and to bring horses from Misyur, from Rabast, from Khorosani, from Turkustani, from Negostani, and walk dry for a month to Bedery and to Kelberg. And Kelekot is the haven of the entire Indian Sea, and God forbid that Nikakov's kestyak can use it. And whoever sees him, he will not be good to go by the sea.
And pepper and zenzebil will be born in it, yes flowers, yes moskat, yes calafur, yes cinnamon, yes cloves, and spicy root, yes adryak, and a lot of every root will be born in it. Yes, everything in it is cheap, yes, yes, yes, a round of pisyar khub this. And Silyan is a haven for the Indian Sea, and in it Baba Adam is on the mountain, on the heights, and around him a precious stone will be born, yes worms, yes fatises, yes baboguri, yes binchais, yes crystal and sumbad, yes elephants will be born, yes sell in elbow, yes, sell in vѣs. And the Shabait haven of the Indian Sea, Velmi is great. And the Horosants give alaf for tenkѣ for a day, both great and small; and whoever marries a Khorosan in him and the prince of Shabat give thousands of teneki for the sacrifice, and for olafu, and for every month for ten days; May silk, sandalwood, pearls be born in Shabot, but everything is cheap. And in Pegu there is a lot of shelter, but all the derbyshes in it live Indian, may dear stones be born in it, manik, yes yachut, yes kyrpuk; and sell the same stone derbyshi. And the Chinskoe and Machinskoe shelter is great, yes, you can fix it in it, and sell it all at once, but it's cheap.
And their wives and their husbands sleep in the day, and at night their wives go to the garipa and sleep from the garipa, give them olaf, and bring sugar food and sugar wine with them, and feed and drink the guests so that they love her, and love the guests people are white, but their people are black velmi; and for those who have wives from a guest, a child will be conceived, and the husband gives Alaf; but it will be born white, and to the guest the duties are 18 tenek; but he will be born black, otherwise he is not happy, that he drank yes ѣl, then he was halal. Shaibat from Beder 3 months, and from Dabyl to Shaibat 2 months by sea, Machim da Chim from Beder 4 months by sea, and in the same place it is cheap and everything is cheap; and to Silyan it is 2 months by sea. In Shabait, silk, da inchi, and pearls, and sandal will be born; elephants are sold to the elbow. In Silyan, Ammon and Chrvtsi and Fatis will be born. In Lekot, peppers, and mosquitoes, and cloves, and fufal, and flowers will be born. In Kuzryat, paint and a hatch will be born. Ahik will be born in Kambat. In Rachyur, a birkona diamond and a new diamond will be born; sell a kidney for five rubles, and a good one for ten rubles, and a new kidney for a diamond is to be baked, this charsheshkeni, and sipit ek tenka. Diamond will be born in a stone mountain, and sell the same stone mountain for two thousand pounds of gold to a new diamond, and sell a horse to a diamond per cubit for 10 thousand pounds of gold. And the land is that of Melikkhanov, and the servant is Saltanov, and from Beder there are 30 kovov.
And the Jews are fed up with calling Shabbat their Jews, otherwise they lie; and the Shabaitena are neither Jews, nor desermen, nor Christians, inaa vѣra Indianskaa, neither from the worst, nor the desermen nor to drink or eat, and not to eat any meat. Yes, on Shabbat everything is cheap, but silk and sugar velmi are born cheap; yes, they have mamons and monkeys in the forest, and they fight people along the roads; but they have no night on the roads to drive monkeys for da momon for. And from Shaibat it is 10 months dry, and by sea 4 months aukikov. And the deer who are nursed will laugh their navels, and the navel will be born in it; and wild reindeer pupky should be dropped across the field and through the forest, otherwise the stink will come out, but that is not fresh. I took the month of May the Great Day in Beder besermensky and in Hondustan; and in desermen the bogram was taken on Wednesday of the month of Maa; and the spelling of the month of April is 1 day.
About good Christians! Whoever swims a lot in many lands, falls into many grains and lies and deprives Christians. But Az, the servant of God Athos, and took pity on time; I’ve already gone through four great shit and 4 great days, but I don’t know that there is a great day, or shit, I don’t see the Nativity of Christ, I don’t see any other holidays, I don’t see Wednesday or Friday; and books from me nѣt, since they robbed me, they took from me, and they took from me, and from many misfortunes went to Indѣi, then to Russia to drink nѣ with chѣm, there was nothing left for the goods. The first Great day I took to Cain, another Great day to Chebukara in the Mazdran land, the third Great day to Gurmyz, the fourth Great day to India from bessermen to Bedery; and the same plakah many times according to Khrestyan.
Besermenin the same Melik, that same me a lot of urge into the fall of the besermen article. Az rekokh to him: “Lord! You namar kylaresen menda namaz kilarmen, you beat namaz kilarsizmenda 3 kalaremenmen garip asen inchay "; He said: "You do not seem to be non-German, but you do not know Christianity." But I entered many thoughts and fell into my own thoughts: “Woe to the one who has been bogged down, for I have gone astray from the true path and I don’t know the path, I myself will go. Lord God Almighty, create heaven and earth! Turn not your face away from your bondage, for I am near sorrow. God! Look at me and have mercy on me, as yours am a creation; do not turn me away, Lord, from the true path and instruct me, Lord, on your right path, as if you didn’t make any virtue in need, my Lord, as your days are bad all in evil, my Lord, ollo first gamer, ollo you, karim ollo, ragym ollo, karim ollo, ragymello; ahalim dulimo ". proidosh 4 Great days in the land of the desermen, but Christianity did not leave; God gave me the knowledge of what will happen. Lord my God, on thee hopes, save me, my Lord my God!
In India, the desermen, in the great Bederi, I watched at the Great Night on the Great Day - Hair and Cola went into the dawn, and the Elk stood with its head to the east. The Sultan went to the Bagram on Besermenskaya for teferich, otherwise with him 20 great vizyrev, and three hundred elephants dressed in damask armor in armor, and from the town, and the towns were shackled, and in the towns there were 6 men in armor and all with food and cannons; and on the great elephantѣ 12 people, on each elephantѣ two parting greats, and the great swords are tied to the teeth, and the great zealous gyrs are tied to the snout, and the man to sit in the room between the ears, and the hook in his hands, the gall тѣмъ to edit it; Yes, there are a thousand simple horses in golden gear, and a hundred camels with soot, and 300 trubniks, 300 dancers, and 300 carpet. on it they are bound with gold, and the saddle is gold, and in front of it a coffer gallops and play with a tower, and there are a lot of peshikh after him, and a good elephant to follow him, and all dressed up in kamka, but people are upholstered and he has a great desire in his mouth, let the horses and people be knocked down so that someone does not step on the sultan blissfully. And brother sultanov, he sits on a bed on a gold one, and above him there is an oxamiten, and a poppy of gold from a yacht, and there are 20 people carrying it. And the makhtum sits on a bed on a gold one, and above him there is a shidyan with a gold poppy, and they take him on 4 horses in gold gear; yes, there are many of his people, but in front of him there are pѣvtsi, and there are many dances, but all with naked swords, and with sabers, and with shields, and with sulitsa, and with spears, and with bows with straight lines with great ones, and all horses are in armor , yes sagadaks on them, yes inya nagas all, one pay for guzn, rubbish overwhelmed.
In Bederi, a month is full for 3 days. In Bedery, the sweet vegetable is nѣt. In Gundustanѣ the same silnago vara nѣt; Silno var in Gurmyz and in Katobagryaim, where to give birth to pearls, but in Zhid, and in Bak, and in Misyur, and in Ostani, and in Lara; but in the Khorosan land it is varno, but not like that; and in Chegotan velmi varno; and in Shiryaz, yes, Ezdi, in Kashini it is varied and it happens, and in Gilyan it is sultry velmi and it is dashing, but it is dashing in Shamakhi; yes in Babylon it is varno, yes Humite yes in Shamu it is varno, but in Lyap it is not so varno. And in Sevastѣi lipsѣ and in the Gurzyn land, good is abundant in everything; yes Torskaa land is abundant with velmies; yes in the Voloskoy land everything edible is abundant and cheap; yes Podolsk land is abundant in everything; and urus er tangry saklaeyn; ollo sakla, badly sakla, budonyada munukybit er ectur; nechik ursu eri beglyari akai tusil; urus er abadan bolsyn; grow kam fight. Ollo, badly, god, god of dangry. Oh my God! Hope for thee, God save me! I don’t know the way, like a camo I’ll go from Gundustan: to Gurmyz to drink, and from Gurmyz to Khorosan, the path is nѣt, neither to Chegotay, the path is nѣt, nor to Katobagryaim, the path is nѣtu, nor to Ezd the path is nѣtu. Then the omnipresent bulgak became; the princes were gone everywhere, Yaishu Murza was killed by Uzuosanbek, and Soltamusait was fed, and Uzuasanbek on Shiryazi sѣl and the land did not reclaim, but Ediger Mahmet, and he did not dѣt to him, is watched; there is no other way to go anywhere.
And on Myakka to drink, otherwise it’s in a non-German vѣra, but Christians do not go to Myakka vѣry for what they put in a lie. And live in Gundustan, otherwise the whole sobina is harried, take everything dear from them: I am a man alone, and I’m eating half a third of altyn for a day, but I didn’t drink wine, nor sondy. Meliktuchar took two cities from the Indus, which were slaughtered across the Indus sea, and he took the princes 7 and took the treasury, yuk yakhontov, and yuk olmaz and kirpukov, and 100 yuk goods were expensive, and the army took countless other goods; and stood by the city for two years, and rati with him two hundred thousand, and elephants 100, and 300 camels. Meliktuchar came with his party to Beder at the kurbant scarlet, and in Russian on Peter's day. And the sultan sent 10 to blast him for ten kovov, and in kov to 10 versts, and with each pick, 10 thousand armies and 10 elephants in armor.
And at Meliktuchar's every day, 5 hundred people sit down at the sufrey, and with him sit 3 bubbles behind his tablecloth, and with him we pick up fifty people, and his 100 people are boyars. Meliktuchar has 2 thousand horses in the stable and a thousand saddled and day and night they stand ready, and 100 elephants in the stable; Yes, for every night, his yard is guarded by 100 men in armor, and 20 pipe workers, and 10 soot, and 10 great tambourines, two men each. Myzamlylk, yes Mekkhan, yes Faratkhan, and then they took 3 great cities, and with them they took their raids 100 thousand and 50 elephants, and there were a lot of precious stones of all kinds; and they bought all that stone and yachts and ol'maz for Meliktuchar, told him not to sell them as a guest, and those days came from Ospozhin to Beder's city.
The Sultan leaves for pothuy on Thursday and Tuesday, and he’s going out with him three times; and the brother drives out the sultans on Monday, with his mother and sister; and 2 thousand zhonk ride out on horses and beds on gold and horses in front of her a hundred simple gold gear, and there are a lot of velmi with her, and two vipers, and 10 vipers, and 50 elephants in cloth blankets, and 4 people per elephant will ride naked, one dressing gown in the guzne, and the zhonki pѣshie naga, and then carry water after them and wash away, but one does not drink water near one. Meliktuchar left the city of Beder in memory of Shikh Iladin, and in Russian, to the Protection of the Holy Mother of God, and the rats with him came out 50 thousand; and the sultan sent his army of 50 thousand and 3 vizyri went with him, and 30 thousand with them, and 100 elephants with them went out of the town and into armor, and for each elephant, 4 people with squeakers.
Meliktuchar went to fight Chunedar the great reign of Indy. And the Binedar prince had 300 elephants and a hundred thousand armies, and he had 50 thousand horses. The Sultan left the city of Beder in the 8th month after Velitsa days, but with him 20 and 6 vzyrev, 20 vzyrev bezermenskys, and 6 vzyrev of Indian ones. And with the sultan of his court, 100 thousand troops of their horse men departed, and 200 thousand horses and 300 elephants from the town and in armor, and 100 fierce animals about two cheps. And with his brother and the Sultanov came out to his yard 100 thousand horsemen, and 100 thousand pshi people, and 100 elephants dressed up in armor.
And after Malkhan came out his court 20 thousand horse people, and sixty thousand, and 20 dressed up elephants. And in Bederkhanom, 30 thousand horse men came out, and with a brother, yes, 100 thousand, and 25 elephants dressed up from the city. And with the Sultan, 10 thousand horsemen went out to his court, and twenty thousand of them, and 10 elephants from the town. And from Vozyrkhan there were 15 thousand equestrian people, and 30 thousand pshih, and 15 dressed up elephants. And with Kutarkhan, 15 thousand equestrian people went out to his court, and 40 thousand, and 10 elephants. And with every vzyrym, 10 thousand, and with the yn, 15 thousand horses, and the dead 20 thousand. And with the Yndѣi avdonomom came out his army of 40 thousand mounted people, and the fallen people 100 thousand, and 40 elephants dressed in armor, and 4 people per elephant with pishchal. And with the sultan, it came out to lift 26, and with each lift, 10 thousand, and with the viz, 15 thousand equestrian people, and the dead 30 thousand. And the Indian 4 great vizy, and with them his armies of 40 thousand equestrian people, and the last 100 thousand. And the sultan took up arms against the Indian, which little happened to him, and he added 20 thousand more people, two hundred thousand equestrian people, and 20 elephants. Such is the strength of the Sultan of the Indian desermen Mamet deni іаrіа, and the growth of deni informs badly. And the right faith is God to accept, and the right is the faith of the god of one nobility, invoke his name in every place I am clean.
On the fifth Great Day, he thought about Russia. Izydokh from Bedery Grada a month before the Ulubagram of the bessermensky Mamet was growing, and Great are the days of Christianity I do not see Christ's resurrection, but their shitty goveh from the besermen, and having talked with them, I took the great day from the Bederyberkh carpet. The Sultan came to Meliktuchar with his party for 15 days in the Ulubagryam, and all to Kelberg; and the war did not succeed him, one city was taken by the Indian, and many people were driven out, and the treasury wasted a lot. And the Indian sultan kadam velmi is strong, and he has a lot of rati, but he is sitting in the mountain in Bichenagir. And his city is great, there are three ditches about him, and flow through his river; and from one side of his zhengѣl evil, and from the other side came the dol, a chyudna place velmi and pleasing to everything, on the same side of the priity nѣkuda, the road is throughѣ hail, and the city to take nѣkuda, a great mountain came and a jungle of evil ticken. Under the city, the army stood for a month, and the people died from the lack of water, but a lot of velmi were driven out of hunger and from the waterlessness; and look at the water, and take nѣkuda. The city took the Indian Melikchan walking, and took him by force, day and night fought against the city for 20 days, the army neither drank nor yala, stood under the city with cannons; and his army drove out 5 thousand good people, and the city took it, and we drove out 20 thousand of the male and female population, and took 20 thousand for both the great and the small, and sold a full head for 10 teneks, and another for 5 teneks, and the robots for 2 shade, but the treasury was nothing, and he did not take a large city. And from Kelberg go to Kuruli; and in Kuruli the Ahik will be born; and they give him that one and they take him out to the whole world; and in Kuryl there are three hundred almaziniks, promises of mikunѣt.
And that was 5 month, and from there came Kaliki, and the same Bozar Velmi is great; and from there Konaberg's poidokh; and from Kanaberga poidokh shikh Aladin; and the departure of Aladin went to Amindriye; and from Kamendrya to Naryas; and from Kynaryas to Suri; and from Suri go to Dabili, the abode of the great Indian sea. For there is a great city of Velmi, and besides, Dabili shrinks all the seaside of India and Ethiopia. And that akanny and yaz, the slavery of Afanasie, the god of the highest creator of heaven and earth, pondered along the times of Christianity, and according to the baptism of Christ, and according to the sayings of the holy fathers arranged and according to the commandments of the apostles, and rushed to go to Russia; entered the tava and talked about taxing the ship, and from his head 2 gold coins to Gurmyz hail of dati. And entered the ship from Dabylya hail to Great days in 3 months, devilish shit; but idoh in tavѣ by the sea is a month and not in kinds of nothing; the next month I saw the mountains of Ephesus. And all those people said “ollo bervogydir, ollo kon'kar, bizim bashi is mudna nasip chatter” and in Russian they say: “God, sovereign, God, God, heavenly king! Where did you judge us to kill? "
And in the same land of Ethiopia, it took 5 days, by the grace of God, it did not commit evil, distributing a lot of brynets, and pepper, and Ethiopian bread, and they did not rob the ship. And from there we went 12 days to Moshkat, and in Moshkat we took the sixth Great Day, and we went to Gurmyz for 9 days, and in Gurmyz there were 20 days. And z Gurmyza went to Lari, and it was 3 days. From Lari it took 12 days to go to Shiryazi, and 7 days from Shiryazi. And from Shiryaz I went to the Top 15 days, and in Verga it took 10 days. And from Vergu you went to travel 9 days, and to Travel took 8 days. And from Ezdi go to Spagani for 5 days, and in Spagani 6 days. And Is Spagani poidokh Kashani, and in Kashan it would take 5 days. And Is Koshani went to see Qom. And Is Kuma went to Sava. And the Is of Sava went to Sultania. And the Sultania went to see Terviz. And Is Terviz poidokh to the horde of Asanba, in the horde there were 10 days, but the way is nowhere. And he sent his army to Turskav 40 thousand, they took Sevast, and Tohan took it and burned it, they took Amasya, and robbed many villages, but went to Karaman to fight. And the yaz from the horde went to Artsin; and from Ratsan I went to Trepizon.
And in Trepizon came to the Protection of the Holy Mother of God and the ever-present Mary, and then to Tripizon 5 days, and came to the ship and conspired to lend gold from your head to Kafa, and you took the gold for grub, and dati in the Cafe. And in Trepizoni, they shubash and pasha a lot of evil and uchinisha all my trash they carried to the city on the mountain, but they searched everything, and they searched the letter that I came from the horde of Asanbeg. By the grace of God, I came to the third sea to Chermnago, and in the Parsian language, Doria Stimbolskaa. Idoh on the sea tomorrow for five days, and up to Vonada; and that we were struck down by the great midnight, and bring us back to Tripizon; And I stood in the Platan for 15 days, the next day I was great and evil. Is the Platans I went to the sea twice, and evil meets us against us, do not let us walk on the sea; ollo ak ollo is a bad leader, unless we know another god. And the sea of preidokh, let us bring us to the Balykae, and from there T'k'rzofu, and that stood for 5 days. By the grace of God, he came to the Cafe 9 days before Filipov's plot, ollo first game.
By the grace of God, the three seas were flown; digir badly dono, ollo pervodigir dono, amen; smilna rakhmam ragym, ollo akber, akshi badly ilello akshi hodo, isa ruhollo aaliksolom; ollo akber ailyagyaіlya іllello, ollo pervodіger ahamdu lillo shukur hudo afatad; bismilna girakhmam rragym: huvomugulezi lailaga illyaguya alimul giaibi washagaditi; huarahmanu ragymu huvomogulyazi la ilyaga illyahuya almeliku alakudosu Asal almuminu almugaminu alazizu alchebaru almutakan Biru alhaliku albarіyuu almusaviryu alkafaru alkaharu alvahadu alryazaku alfatagu alalіmu alkabіzu albasutu alhafizu alrrafіyu almavіfu almuzilyu alsemіyu alvasiryu alakamu aladyulyu allyatufu.
N. S. Chaev. Translation of the Old Russian text
Z and the prayer of our holy fathers, Lord Jesus Christ, son of God, have mercy on me, your sinful servant Athanasius Nikitin's son.
I wrote my sinful voyage across three seas: the first Derbent sea - the Khvalynskoe sea, the second Indian sea - the Hindustan sea, the third Black sea - the Istanbul sea. I went from the Holy Savior, the Golden-Domed, with his mercy, from the Grand Duke Mikhail Borisovich and from Vladyka Gennady of Tverskoy and from Boris Zakharyich down to the Volga.
Having come to Kalyazin and blessed by the abbot of the monastery of the holy life-giving Trinity and the holy martyrs Boris and Gleb Macarius with his brothers, he went to Uglich, and from Uglich to Kostroma, to Prince Alexander with another letter of the Grand Duke (Tverskoy), and released me freely. They also freely let me through to Pleso in Nizhny Novgorod, to the governor Mikhail Kiselev and to the duty officer Ivan Saraev.
Vasily Papin had already passed by then, and I was still waiting in Novgorod for two weeks for the Tatar, Shirvanshah ambassador, Khasan-bek. He rode from the Grand Duke Ivan with gyrfalcons, and he had ninety of them. And I went with him to the bottom of the Volga. We passed freely Kazan, Horde, Uslan, Saray, Berekezan.
And we drove into the Vuzan River. Then we met 3 filthy Tatars and reported false news that Khan Kasim and 3 thousand Tatars were guarding merchants in Vuzan. Shirvanshakhov Ambassador Khasan-bek then gave them one row and a piece of linen so that they would lead us past Astrakhan. The Tatars took it one by one, and gave the news to the Astrakhan king. I left my ship and went with my comrades to the ship to the ambassador. We drove past Astrakhan, and the month is shining. The tsar saw us, and the Tatars shouted to us: "Don't run!" And we didn’t hear anything. And we sailed on sails. And the king then sent his entire horde after us, and for our sins they overtook us on Vugun, they shot a man at us, and we at them two. Our little ship stopped at a ride, they took it and immediately plundered it; and my whole load was on a small ship.
By the big ship we reached the sea and stood at the mouth of the Volga, running aground. The Tatars took us here and pulled the ship back to Yez. Here they took our large ship, taking also four Russians, and they let us go robbed across the sea. They did not let us go upstairs so that we would not submit news. And we went to Derbent in two ships: in one ship, Ambassador Khasan-bek with the Iranians and us, Russians, only 10 people, and in the other ship there are 6 Muscovites, and 6 Tverichi, and cows, and our food. At sea we were seized by a storm. A small ship crashed on the shore, and here there is a town of Tarki, and people went ashore, and kaytaks came and the people from it caught everyone.
When we arrived in Derbent, it turned out that Vasily arrived safely, and we were robbed. And I beat Vasily Papin and Shirvanshakhov's ambassador Khasanbek with my forehead, with whom they came to ask about the people caught by kaytaks near Tarki. And Hasan-bek was busy; he went up the mountain to Bulat-bek, who sent a speed-walker to Shirvansha-bek with the news that the Russian ship had crashed near Tarki and that the kaytaks had caught people from him and plundered their goods. And Shirvansha-bey immediately sent an ambassador to his brother-in-law Khalil-bek, the prince of Kaitak: that my ship was smashed near Tarki, and your people, having come, they caught people, and their goods were robbed, and you, for my sake, people to me sent and collected them, because those people were sent to me; and what you need from me, and you came to me, and I will not stand for you, my brother, if only you would let them go freely for my sake. And Khalil-bey immediately sent all the people freely to Derbent, and from there they sent them to Shirvan-Shah in his horde of Koitul.
We also went to Shirvan Shah in Koytul and beat him with our foreheads so that he would grant us how we could get to Rus. And he did not give us anything, since there were many of us. And we, crying, dispersed in all directions: whoever had something in Russia, and he went to Russia; and who was supposed to be there, he went where the eyes were looking; others stayed in Shemakha, while others went to work in Baku.
And I went to Derbent; and from Derbent to Baku, where the fire burns inextinguishable; and from Baku he went across the sea to Chapakur, and here he lived, in Chapakur, for 6 months, and in Sari, in the Mazandaran land, he lived for a month. And from there he went to Amul and lived there for a month; and from there - to Demavend, and from Demavend - to Ray, here they killed Shah Hussein, the Aleev children and the grandchildren of the Muhammadovs, and he cursed them so that 70 cities collapsed. And from Rhey I went to Kashan and there was a month; and from Kashan to Nayin, and from Nayin to Yazd, he also lived here for a month. And from Yazd to Sirjan, and from Sirjan to Tarum, where dates are fed to livestock, batman 4 altyn each. And from Tarum he went to Lara, and from Lara to Vendor.
And here there is a refuge of Hormuz; there is also the Indian Sea, in Persian, the Hindustan Sea. And from there go by sea to Hormuz 4 miles. And Hormuz is on the island, and the sea floods twice every day. Here I met the first Great Day, and I came to Hormuz 4 weeks before the Great Day. Above, I have not named all the cities - there are many great cities. The sun in Hormuz is scorching, it can burn a person. And in Hormuz there was a month and went from there after the Great Day, to Fomin for a week, across the Indian Sea in tava with horses.
And we went by sea to Muscat for 10 days; and from Muscat to Degas 4 days; and from Degas to Gujerat; and from Gujerat to Kambay, indigo and lakh will be born here; and from Kambay to Chaul. From Chaul we went in the seventh week after the Great Day, and went to Chaul in Tava for 6 weeks by sea.
And there is an Indian country here, and people are all naked: the head is not covered, the chest is bare, the hair is braided in one braid. Everyone walks around with bellies, they give birth to children every year, and they have many children. Husbands and wives are all black. Wherever I go, there are many people behind me - they marvel at the white man.
And their prince has a veil on his head, and the other on his hips; boyars walk with them - a veil on the shoulder, and the other - on the hips; the princesses walk around - the shoulders are wrapped with a veil, and the other - the hips. The servants of the princes and boyars - the veil on the hips is rounded, a shield and a sword in their hands, and others with spears, or with knives, or with sabers, or with bows and arrows. And all naked, barefoot and strong. And the wives walk with bare heads and bare breasts; boys and girls go naked until they are 7 years old, and their shame is not covered.
From Chaula we went by dry road to Pali for 8 days, then Indian cities; and from Pali to Umru 10 days - this is an Indian city; and from Die to Junir 6 days. And here lives the Dzhunir, Indian Assad Khan, Meliktucharov slave; they say that he keeps 7 topics from Meliktuchar. And Meliktuchar has 20 topics; for 20 years he has been fighting with kafirs - he will be beaten, then he often beats them. Khan rides on people; he has many elephants and good horses. He also has many people - Khorasanians, and they are brought from the Khorasan land, or from the Arabian, or from the Turkmen and Chagatai; all of them are brought by sea, in tavas - Indian ships.
And I, sinner, brought a stallion to the Indian land; I reached Junir, thanks to God, healthy - it cost me a hundred rubles. Their winter began on Trinity Day, and we spent the winter in Dzhunir, lived for 2 months; for 4 months, day and night, there was water and mud everywhere. Then they plow and sow wheat, rice, peas and everything edible. Their wine is prepared in large nuts of a coconut tree, and mash - in tatna. The horses are fed with peas and rice with sugar and butter is cooked for them; early in the morning they give them more rice cakes. Horses will not be born in Indian land; oxen and buffaloes will be born here. They ride and sometimes carry goods - everyone does it.
Junir city is located on a stone island, which is not designed by anyone, but created by God; one person climbs the mountain all day, the road is cramped, two cannot walk. In Indian land, guests stay at the farmsteads, and the gentlemen cook food for them; they make a bed for guests and sleep with them. If you want to have a close connection with one or another of them, you will give two shetels; if you do not want to have a close connection, you will give one shetel; after all, this is a wife, a friend, and a close connection for nothing - they love white people. In winter, they have people walking: a veil on the hips, and the other on the shoulders, the third on the head. And the princes and boyars then put on trousers, a shirt and a caftan, and they have a veil over their shoulders, they gird themselves with the other, and wrap their heads with the third. God, great God, true God, good God, merciful God.
And in that Junir, the khan took a stallion from me. When he learned that I was not a Busurman, but a Russian, he said: “And I will give the stallion and a thousand golden ladies, just accept our faith, Muhammadov; If you do not accept our Mohammedan faith, then I will take a stallion and a thousand gold pieces on your head. " And he gave me a term, 4 days, on Spas Day, in the fast of the Most Holy Theotokos. And the Lord God had mercy on his honest holiday, did not deprive me, a sinner, of his mercy and did not command me to perish in Junir with the wicked. On the eve of Spasov's day, the Khorasan Khoja Mohammed arrived, and I beat him with my forehead to ask for me. And he went to the khan in the city and persuaded him not to convert me to faith; he also took my stallion from him. Such is the Lord's miracle on Spas Day. So, Russian Christian brothers, who of you wants to go to the Indian land, then you leave your faith in Russia and, calling on Muhammad, go to the Indian subcontinent.
The busurmane dogs deceived me: they talked about a lot of goods, but it turned out that there was nothing for our land. All goods are white only for the Busurmansky land. Pepper and paint are cheap. Some transport goods by sea, while others do not pay duties for it. But they won't let us carry it without duty. And the duty is high, and there are many robbers at sea. And all the infidels, not Christians and not Busurmans, destroy; they pray to stone fools, but they do not know Christ.
And from Junir they went out on the day of the Dormition of the Most Pure to Bidar, their great city, and walked for a month; and from Bidar to Kulungir 5 days, and from Kulungir to Kulbarga also 5 days. Between these big cities there are many other cities, every day there were 3 cities, and in the other and 4; how many coves, so many cities. From Chaul to Junir there are 20 kovs, and from Junir to Bidar 40 kovs, and from Bidar to Kulungir 9 kovs, and from Bidar to Kulbarg also 9 kovs.
In Bidar there is a bargaining for horses and goods: for kamki, for silk and for any other goods; you can also buy black people on it. There is no other purchase here. And their goods are all Hindustan. All vegetables are edible. There are no goods on the Russian land. People are all black and all villains, and women are all shameless; quackery, theft, lies and the potion with which the rulers are smoked are everywhere.
The princes in the Indian land are all Khorasans, and all the boyars as well. And the Hindustans are all on foot, they walk quickly, and all are naked and barefoot, in one hand they have a shield, in the other - a sword. And some servants walk with large and straight bows and arrows. And their battles are all on elephants, and on foot they are allowed to go forward; the Khorasans, on horseback and in armor, and the horses themselves. Elephants are tied to the trunk and to the fangs of large forged swords, weighing a centar, dress them in damask armor and make towns on them; and in each town there are 12 people in armor, with cannons and arrows.
They have one place - the tomb of Sheikh Alaeddin in Alyanda, where once a year a bazaar is set up, where the whole Indian country comes to trade, and they trade there for 10 days. There are 12 coves from Bidar. And they bring horses, sell up to 20 thousand, and bring any other goods. This is the best bargaining in the Indian subcontinent; every product is sold here and bought for the memory of Sheikh Alaeddin, for the Russian holiday of the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God. There is an owl bird on that Alyanda, it flies at night and shouts "gukuk"; on which horomina she sits, then a person will die; and whoever wants to kill her, then fire will come out of her mouth. And mammon go around at night and grab chickens; they live in grief or in stones. Monkeys live in the forest, and they have a monkey prince, walks with his army. And if someone offends them, then they complain to their prince, and he sends his army against him. And the monkeys, having attacked the city, destroy yards and beat people. They say that their army is very large and they have their own language; They will give birth to many children, but who are not born into a father or a mother, they are thrown along the roads. Then the Hindustans pick them up and teach them all kinds of needlework, some are sold, but at night so that they cannot run back, and some are taught to imitate the actors.
Spring has come here from the Protection of the Holy Mother of God; In the spring, two weeks after the Intercession, Sheikh Alaeddin is celebrated for eight days. Spring lasts 3 months, and summer 3 months, and winter 3 months, and autumn 3 months. In Bidar there is the throne of Busurman Hindustan. This city is great, and there are many people in it. Their sultan is young, only 20 years old, and the princes and boyars - the Khorasan people - rule, and all the Khorasan people are also fighting.
There is a Khorasan here, Meliktuchar, a boyar - so he has a rati of 200 thousand. And Melik Khan has 100 thousand, and Kharat Khan has 20 thousand. And many khans have ratios of 10 thousand each. With the sultan rati comes out 300 thousand. The land is very crowded; rural people are very poor, and boyars are rich and luxurious; they carry them on a silver stretcher and lead in front of them up to 20 horses in gold harnesses; and on horseback there were 300 people behind them, and 500 people on foot, and 10 pipe-makers, and 10 timpani-men, and 10 pipe-workers. The Sultan goes out for fun with his mother and wife, and with him on horseback 10 thousand people, and 50 thousand on foot. Elephants are led by 200 people dressed in gilded armor. Yes, in front of the Sultan there are 100 pipe-makers, and 100 dancers, and 300 ordinary horses in gold harnesses, and 100 monkeys behind him, and 100 concubines, and all the young maidens.
There are seven gates leading to the Sultan's palace, and at the gates there are a hundred watchmen and a hundred scribes-infidels: some write down who will enter, others who will leave; strangers are not allowed into the palace. And his palace is very beautiful, everywhere there is carving and gold, and the last stone is carved and very beautifully painted with gold; but in the palace there are different vessels.
The city of Bidard is guarded at night by a thousand people, appointed by the mayor, and they all ride on horses, in armor and with torches. I sold my stallion in Bidar, and spent 68 feet on him, fed him for a year. In Bidar, snakes two fathoms long crawl along the streets. And in Bidar he came to Filippov's spell from Kulungir, and sold his stallion for Christmas. And I stayed in Bidar until the great spell. Then I got to know many Indians and announced to them that I was a Christian, not a Busurman, and my name was Afanasy, in Busurmian the same is Khoja Isuf Khorasani. They did not hide from me in anything - not in food, not in trade, not in prayer, not in other things; they did not hide their wives either.
I asked everything about their faith, and they said: we believe in Adam, and Booths, they say, is Adam and all his family. There are 84 faiths in India, and everyone believes in Buta. Faith with faith does not drink, does not eat, does not marry; some eat mutton, chicken, fish and eggs, but no faith eats oxen.
I stayed in Bidar for 4 months and conspired with the Indians to go to Parvat - their Jerusalem, and in Busurmansky Mecca, where their main idol temple (butkhana) is. I went there with the Indians for a month before butkhan. Bargaining at Butkhan for 5 days. Butkhan is very large, half-Tver, made of stone, and Buto's deeds are carved on it, 12 crowns are carved in total, how Booth worked miracles, as he appeared to the Indians in many images: the first - in the image of a man; the second - in the form of a man, but with the trunk of an elephant; the third - by a man in the form of a monkey; the fourth - by a man in the form of a fierce beast. He always appeared with a tail, and the tail was carved on a stone from a fathom. The whole Indian country comes to Butkhan, to Butovy miracles.
Near buthana old women and girls shave and shave off all their hair; beards and heads are also shaved. Then they go to butkhan; from each head they take a duty on Buta - 2 sheksheni, and from horses - 4 feet. And all the people come to Butkhan 20 thousand, and there is a time when even 100 thousand. Booth in butkhan is cut out of stone and is very large, his tail is thrown over his shoulder, and he raised his right hand high and stretched out like Tsar Justinian in Constantinople, with a spear in his left hand; and there is nothing on him, only his butt is tied with a fly, the appearance of a monkey. And the other Booths are completely naked, there is nothing, with an open bottom; and Booth's wives are cut naked and with shame and with children. And in front of Booth there is a huge ox, and it is carved from black stone and all gilded. They kiss him on the hoof and throw flowers on him; flowers are also thrown on Buta.
Indians do not eat meat at all: neither barnyard meat, nor lamb, nor chicken, nor fish, nor pork, although they have a lot of pigs. They eat 2 times a day, and do not eat at night; they drink neither wine nor full. They don't drink or eat with busurmans. And their food is bad, and they don't drink or eat with each other, not even with their wife. They eat rice and kichiri with butter, and different herbs, but they boil them with butter and milk. And they eat everything with their right hand, but they will never take it with their left; they don't hold a knife, and they don't know the spoon. On the way, everyone has a forge, and they cook their own porridge. And they hide from the busurman so that they don't look either at the forge or at the food. If the busurman looked at the food, and the Indian no longer eats. And when they eat, some are covered with a board so that no one can see.
And their prayer to the east, in Russian, raise both hands high and put them on the crown of the head, and lie down on the ground and stretch out on it - then their bows. And when they sit down to eat, some wash their hands and feet, and rinse their mouths. And their butkhans are without doors and are set to the east; Buty is also to the east. And whoever dies with them will be burned, and the ashes are poured onto the water. And when a child is born to the wife, the husband accepts; the name of the son is given by the father, and the daughter is given by the mother. They have no good morals and know no shame. Coming or leaving, they bow like a monk, both hands poke to the ground and say nothing.
They go to Parvat for a great spell, to their Booth, here is their Jerusalem, and in Busurmans - Mecca, in Russian - Jerusalem, in Indian - Parvat. And all come together naked, only on the back of the boards; and the wives are all naked, only a veil on the backside, and others in veils, and pearls on their necks and a lot of yachons, on their hands there are gold hoops and rings, by God. And inside, to Butkhan, they ride oxen, and each ox has its horns bound with copper, and there are about 300 bells around its neck, and its hooves are shod. And those oxen are called "fathers." The Indians call the ox "father" and the cow "mother"; on their feces they bake bread and cook their own food, and smear with ashes on the face, forehead and all over the body. This is their sign. On Sunday and Monday they eat once in the afternoon. In India, wives are considered to be of little value and cheap: if you want to meet a woman, two shetels; if you want to give up money for nothing, give me six shetels. This is their custom. Slaves and female slaves are cheap: 4 pounds is good, 5 pounds is good and black.
From Parvat I came to Bidar, 15 days before the great Busurman holiday. But I don't know the Great Day of the Resurrection of Christ and I guess by signs: Christians have a Great Day before Busurman Bayram by 9 or 10 days. There is nothing with me, no book; and we took the books with us from Russia, but when they robbed me, we captured them too. And I have forgotten all the Christian faith and Christian holidays: I know neither the Great Day, nor the Nativity of Christ, nor Wednesday, nor Friday. And in the midst of faiths, I pray to God to keep me: “God, Lord, true God, God, you are a merciful God, a creator god, you are God. God is one, then the king of glory, the creator of heaven and earth. " And I return to Russia with a thought: my faith has perished, I fasted at the Busurman fast. The month of March passed, and I did not eat meat for a month, started talking to the busurmans a week and did not eat anything slow, no busurman food, but ate 2 times a day, all bread and water, and had no connection with my wife. And I prayed to God the Almighty, who created heaven and earth, and did not call on any other name: God is our creator, God is merciful, God, you are God the Most High.
And from Hormuz to go by sea to Galat 10 days, and from Galata to Degas - 6 days, and from Degas to Muscat - 6 days, and from Muscat to Gujarat - 10 days, and from Gujarat to Kambay - 4 days, and from Kambay to Chaula - 12 days, and from Chaula to Dabul - 6 days. Dabul is a pier in Hindustan, the last of the Busurmans. And from Dabul to Calicut - 25 days, and from Calicut to Ceylon - 15 days, and from Ceylon to Shabbat it takes a month, and from Shabbat to Pegu - 20 days, and from Pegu to Chin and to Machin it takes a month. And then all the way by the sea. And from Chin to China it is 6 months to go dry, and 4 days to go by sea. May God adorn my veil.
Hormuz is a great marina. People from all over the world are in it, there is also every commodity. Everything that is born in the world is in Hormuz. The duty is great, they take tithes from everything. And Kambay is a pier for the entire Indian Sea, and the goods are in it, everyone makes alachi, and specks, and coarse woolen fabric, and they make indigo paint; in it will be born lakh, carnelian and carnation. Dabul is a very great pier, and horses are brought here from Egypt, Arabia, Khorasan, Turkestan and Old Hormuz; and they walk on dry land for a month to Bidar and to Kulbarg.
And Calicut is a landing stage for the entire Indian Sea, and God forbid any ship to pass it; whoever passes it will not pass the sea in a healthy way. And pepper, ginger, nutmeg, cinnamon, cinnamon, cloves, spicy root, adryak and a lot of all kinds of roots will be born in it. And everything about it is cheap; yes, slaves and slaves are very good, black.
And Ceylon has a considerable pier in the Indian Sea, and in it, on a high mountain, Father Adam. Yes, precious stones, rubies, crystals, agates, resin, crystal, emery will be born near him. Elephants are also born, and they are sold by the elbow, and ostriches are sold by weight.
And the Shabbat pier of the Indian Sea is very large. Here the Khorasan people are given a salary, for a day's money, great and small. And who among the Khorasanians marries here, and the Shabbat prince gives them a thousand money for a sacrifice, and gives them a salary, and 10 money for food every month. And silk, sandalwood, pearls will be born on Shabbat - and everything is cheap.
In Pegu, the pier is large, and all Indian dervishes live in it. And precious stones, ruby, yacht will be born in it. These stones are sold by dervishes.
And Chinskaya and Machinskaya - the piers are very great, and they make porcelain here, but they sell it by weight and cheap.
And their wives sleep with their husbands during the day, and at night they go to strangers and sleep with them; they (the wives) give them (guests) a salary and bring sweets and sugar wine with them, feed and water the guests to be loved. Wives love guests - white people, as their people are very black. And to whose wife a child is conceived from a guest, then her husband gives a salary, and if a white person is born, then the guest is paid 18 money, and if a black person is born, then he has nothing; and what he drank and ate was what was lawful for him.
Shabbat from Bidar 3 months, and from Dabul to Shabbat 2 months, go by sea. Machin and Chin from Bidar for 4 months, go by sea. And they make pearls of the highest quality there, and everything is cheap. And to Ceylon to go by sea for 2 months. On Shabbat, silk, porcelain, pearls, sandalwood will be born, elephants are sold for an elbow.
Monkeys, rubies and crystals will be born in Ceylon. Pepper, nutmeg, cloves, fufal and color will be born in Calicut. Indigo and varnish will be born in Gujarat, and carnelian in Wambai. A diamond will be born in Raichur, an old and a new mine; a kidney of a diamond is sold for 5 rubles, and a very good one - for 10 rubles; the bud of a new diamond is only 5 ken, blackish - from 4 to 6 ken, and a white diamond - 1 money.
A diamond will be born in a stone mountain; and they sell that stone mountain, if the diamond is from a new mine, then 2 thousand gold pounds, if the diamond from the old mine, then they sell 10 thousand gold pounds per cubit. And the land is Sultan's servant Melik-khan, and from Bidar 30 kovs.
And that the Jews consider Shabbat their own, the Jewish one, they lie. The Shabaites are not Jews, not Busurmans, not Christians - they have a different faith, Indian. They do not drink or eat with either the Jews or the Busurmans, and they do not eat any meat. Yes, on Shabbat everything is cheap, but silk and sugar will be born there - very cheap. And in the forest they have wild cats and monkeys and attack people on the roads, so because of the monkeys and wild cats at night they do not dare to ride on the roads.
And from Shabbat to go dry 10 months, and by sea 4 months on large ships. The navels of fattened deer are cut because they contain musk. And wild deer themselves drop their navels in the field and in the forest, and a fragrance comes out of them, but not so fragrant, since they are not fresh.
In the month of May, I met the Great Day in the Busurman Bidar in Hindustan. Busurmane, on the other hand, met the bayram on Wednesday of the month of May, and I started the month of April on the first day. About faithful Christians, who swims a lot in many lands, he falls into many sins and deprives himself of the Christian faith. But I, the slave of God Athanasius, has suffered through faith: 4 great incantations and 4 Great days have already passed, and I, a sinner, do not know when the Great Day or Conviction, I do not know when Christmas and other holidays, I do not know Wednesday, not Friday. And I have no books, when they robbed me, they took the books from me. And from many troubles I went to India, since I had nothing to go to Russia with, no goods remained. I met the first Great day in Cain, another Great day in Chepakura in the Mazandaran land, the third day in Hormuz, and the fourth Great day in Bidar, in India, together with the busurmans. And then I wept a lot for the Christian faith.
Busurmanin Medic forced me a lot to convert to the Busurmanian faith. I answered him: “Sir, you pray, and I also do; you read 5 prayers, I read 3 prayers; I am a foreigner, and you are from here. " He told me: "Indeed, although you do not appear to be a Busurman, you do not know Christianity either." And then I fell into many reflections and said to myself: “Woe to me, the accursed one, because I have lost my way from the true path and I don’t know anything else, I myself will go. Lord God, the Almighty, creator of heaven and earth, do not turn your face away from your bondage, which is in sorrow. Lord, look at me and have mercy on me, for I am your creation; do not turn me away, Lord, from the true path and instruct me, Lord, on your right path, because I have not done anything virtuous in that need, my Lord, because I have lived all my days for evil. My Lord, patron god, god of the highest, merciful god, merciful god. Praise God! Already 4 Great days have passed in the land of Busurmans, but I have not left Christianity; and then God knows what will happen. Lord, my God, I trust in you, save me, Lord, my God! "
In Busurman India, in Great Bidar, I looked at the great night: on the Great Day, the Pleiades and Orion entered the dawn, and the Big Dipper stood with its head to the east. On the Busurmansky Bayram, the Sultan went for a walk, and with him 20 great viziers and 300 elephants, dressed in damask armor with small towns, and the towns were bound. In the towns there are 6 people in armor, with cannons and squeaks, and on the great elephant there are 12 people. On each elephant there are 2 large banners, and large swords are tied to the fangs, one kentar, heavy iron weights are tied to their trunks; yes, between the ears sits a man in armor, and in his hands he has a large iron hook, which he rules. Yes, a thousand simple horses rode out in gold harness, and 100 camels with timpani, and 300 pipe-makers, and 300 dancers, and 300 slaves.
And the sultan is wearing a caftan, all adorned with yachons, and on the cap is a shishak - a huge diamond, and a golden sideak with yachts, and on it there are 3 sabers, bound in gold, and a gold saddle. A kafir runs in front of him and plays with an umbrella, followed by many pedestrians. The learned elephant follows him, dressed all in damask, with a large iron chain in his mouth, and he beats off people and horses with it so that they do not come close to the Sultan. And the sultan's brother sits on a golden stretcher, and above him is a velvet canopy, with a golden top with yachts. And 20 people carry it. And the sovereign sits on a golden stretcher, and the canopy above him is silk, with a golden top. And they carry him on 4 horses in gold harnesses. Yes, there are a great many people around him, and in front of him are singers and many dancers. And all with drawn swords and sabers, with shields, with spears and with bows, straight and large; and the horses are all in armor, and on them sideaks. Others go all naked, only pay on the bottom, shame is veiled.
The moon in Bidar is full for 3 days. There are no sweet vegetables in Bidar. There is no great heat in Hindustan; intense heat in Hormuz and in Bahrain, where pearls will be born, in Jiddo, in Baku, in Egypt, in Arabstan, and in Lara. It is sultry in the Khorasan land, but not so. And in Chagatai it is very sultry. In Shiraz and in Yazd and Kashan it is sultry, but there is wind. And in Gilan it is very stuffy and soars strongly, and in Shamakhi there is a strong steam. It is sultry in Babylon (Baghdad), also in Hums and Damascus. It's not so hot in Aleppo. And in the Sevastei Guba and in the Georgian land there is an ever greater abundance. And the Turkish land is very abundant. In Voloshskaya land, everything edible is also abundant and cheap. The Podolsk land is also abundant for everyone. May the Russian land be protected by God! God forbid! God forbid! There is no country in this world like it, although the nobles (boyars) of the Russian land are unjust (not kind). May the Russian land become comfortable, and may there be justice in it. Oh god, god, god, god, god.
Lord my God, I put my trust in you, save me, Lord! I don't know the way. And where will I go from Hindustan: to Hormuz to go, and from Hormuz to Khorasan - there is no way, and there is no way to Chagatay, and there is no way to Bahrain, and there is no way to Yazd. There is mutiny everywhere. The princes were driven everywhere. Mirza Jehanshah was killed by Uzun-Hasan-bey, Sultan Abu-Said was poisoned; Uzun-Hasan-bek sat down on Shiraz, but this land did not recognize him. And Yadigar Muhammad does not go to him - he is afraid. And there is no other way anywhere. And to go to Mecca means to convert to the Busurmanian faith; For the sake of faith, Christians do not go to Mecca, since there they are converted into busurmanship. To live in Hindustan means to use up everything that you have, since everything is dear to them: I am the only person, but for a day the grub goes for 2 and a half altyn. And I did not drink wine and were full.
Meliktuchar took 2 Indian cities, which were plundering in the Indian Sea. And he captured 7 princes and their treasury: a pack of yachts, and a pack of diamonds and rubies, and 100 packs of expensive goods. And his army seized the other goods without number. And he stood under the city for 2 years, and rati with him was 200 thousand, and 100 elephants and 300 camels. And Meliktuchar came with his army to Vidar on Kurbanbayram, in Russian, on Peter's day. And to meet him, the Sultan sent 10 viziers, for 10 kovs, and in kovs 10 versts each. And with each vizier, 10 thousand of his troops, and 10 elephants in armor.
And at Meliktuchar's, 500 people sit at the table every day. And with him, at his meal, 3 viziers sit down, and with the vizier there are 50 people each, and 100 people of the jury boyars. Meliktuchar has 2 thousand horses in the stable; Yes, a thousand saddled stand ready day and night, and there are 100 elephants in the stable. Every night his yard is guarded by 100 people in armor, 20 pipe-makers and 10 kettledrists, and 2 people each beat 10 big tambourines.
And Nizam-al-mulk, yes Melik-khan, and Farhad-khan took 3 large cities, and rati with them had their 100 thousand and 50 elephants. Yes, they took a huge amount of precious stones, and all that stone, yes yachts, and diamonds were bought for Meliktuchar; he forbade the craftsmen to sell them to merchants who came to the city of Bidar on the day of the Most Holy Theotokos.
The Sultan leaves for fun on Thursday and Tuesday, and 3 viziers leave with him. And the brother of the sultans leaves on Monday with his mother and sister. Yes, 2 thousand wives ride out on horses and on a golden stretcher. Yes, there are just 100 horses in front of them in gold harnesses, and there are a lot of footmen with them, and 2 viziers and 10 viziers, and 50 elephants in cloth blankets. And on the elephant sit on 4 naked people, only the boards on the backside. Yes, naked walking women, and they carry water after them, drink and wash, but one does not drink water from the other.
Meliktuchar went to conquer the Indians with his army from the city of Bidar on the day of remembrance of Sheikh Alaeddin, and in Russian to the Protection of the Holy Mother of God, and the rats with him came 50 thousand. And the sultan sent his army 50 thousand, and with him 3 viziers went, and with them 30 thousand; let them go with them 100 elephants in armor and with towns, and on each elephant 4 people with squeaks. Meliktuchar went to conquer the great Indian reign of Vijayanagara.
And the Vijayanagar prince has 300 elephants, and 100 thousand of his army, and he has 50 thousand horses. The Sultan left the city of Bidar in the eighth month after the Great Day, and 26 Busurmans and 6 Indian viziers left with him. And with the Sultan of his court they departed: 100 thousand troops - horse men, and 200 thousand on foot, and 300 elephants in armor and with small towns, and 100 evil animals, each with two chains. And with his brother Sultanov they went out to his court: 100 thousand horsemen, and 100 thousand foot people, and 100 elephants dressed in armor. And after Mal-khan came his courtyard: 20 thousand horse men, and 60 thousand footmen, and 20 dressed up elephants. And with Beder Khan and his brother came 30 thousand horse men, and 100 thousand footmen, and 25 dressed up elephants, with towns. And with Sul Khan they went out to his court: 10 thousand horsemen, and 20 thousand footmen, and 10 elephants with towns. And with Vezir Khan came 15 thousand horse men, and 30 thousand footmen, and 15 dressed up elephants. And with Kutar Khan they went out to his court: 15 thousand horse men, and 40 thousand footmen, and 10 elephants. Yes, with each vizier came out 10 thousand, and with another and 15 thousand horsemen, and 20 thousand on foot.
And with the Indian Avdon came out their raids 40 thousand equestrian people, and 100 thousand foot people, and 40 elephants dressed up, in armor, and on an elephant 4 people each with squeaks. And with the Sultan, 26 viziers went out, and with each vizier, 10 thousand of his army, and 20 thousand on foot; and with another vizier 15 thousand mounted men, and 30 thousand on foot. And the four great Indian viziers have 40 thousand equestrian men and 100 thousand footmen each. And the Sultan was angry with the Indians that little happened to him; and he added 20,000 foot men, 2,000 horsemen and 20 elephants. Such is the strength of the Indian Sultan, Busurmansky; Muhammad's faith is still good. And God knows the right faith, and the right faith knows the only God, call his name in purity in every clean place.
On the fifth Great Day, I decided to go to Russia. Bidar left the city a month before the Busurman ulu-bairam, according to the faith of Muhammad, the prophet of God. And I don't know the great Christian day - Christ's Resurrection, but I fasted with the Busurmans in their spell and broke the fast with them. I met a great day in Kulbarga, 20 kovs from Bidar.
The Sultan reached Meliktuchar with his army on the 15th day after the ulu-bairam, and everyone was in Kulbarga. And they did not succeed in the war, they took one Indian city, and many people died, and they spent a lot of the treasury. And the Indian governor is very strong, and he has a lot of rati, and he sits on a mountain in Vijayanagar. And his city is very large, there are 3 moats near it, and a river flows through it; and on one side of the city an evil forest jungle, on the other side came a valley, very wonderful in places and suitable for anything. There is nowhere to come to the other side, the road through the city, and there is nowhere to take the city, a great mountain and an evil jungle approached, thickets of thorny bushes. A host of people stood under the city for a month, and people were dying of lack of water, and many people died of hunger and waterlessness; but they look at the water, but there is nowhere to take it. The Indian city was taken by Khoja Meliktuchar, and took it by force, day and night fought with the city, for 20 days the army did not drink, did not eat, stood under the city with cannons. And his rati killed 5 thousand selected people. And when the city was taken, they killed 20 thousand men and women, and 20 thousand people, adults and children, were taken prisoner. And they sold the prisoners at 10 money per head, and for another at 5 money, and the guys at 2 money. There was nothing in the treasury. But the big city was not taken.
And from Kulbarg he went to Kulur; and in Kulur, a carnelian will be born, and here it is trimmed, and then transported from there to the whole world. In Kulur, 300 diamond workers live, they decorate weapons. And I stayed here for five months and went from here to Koilkonda, and here is a very large bazaar. And from there he went to Gulbarga, and from Gulbarga he went to Sheikh Alaeddin, and from Sheikh Alaeddin to Kamendria, and from Kamendria to Kynaryas, and from Kynaryas to Suri, and from Suri went to Dabul, the pier of the great Indian Sea.
Dabul is a very large city, and all the seaside, Indian and Ethiopian, come to him. And then I, the cursed slavery of the god above, the creator of heaven and earth, Athanasius, reflected on the Christian faith, on the baptism of Christ, on the spells arranged by the holy fathers and on the apostolic commandments, and rushed with my mind to go to Russia. And, sitting in tava and agreeing on the ship's payment, he gave 2 gold pieces from his head to Hormuz.
And I boarded a ship in Dabula 3 months before the Great Day, the Busurmansky conspiracy. And I sailed in Tava on the sea for a month and did not see anything, only the next month I saw the Ethiopian mountains. And then people all exclaimed: "ollo konkar bizim bashi mudna nasip blabmyshti", which in Russian means: "God to the sovereign, God, God above, to the king of heaven, here you have judged us to perish."
And in that Ethiopian land there were 5 days. By God's grace, evil did not happen, we distributed a lot of rice, pepper, bread to the Ethiopians, and they did not rob the court. And from there he sailed for 12 days to Muscat and in Muscat he met the sixth Great Day. And he sailed to Hormuz for 9 days and in Hormuz was 20 days. From Hormuz I went to Lara and was in Lara for 3 days. From Lara I went to Shiraz, 12 days, and in Shiraz I was 7 days. And from Shiraz I went to Aberkuh, 15 days, and in Aberkuh I was 10 days. And from Aberkuh I went to Yazd, 9 days, and in Yazd was 8 days. And from Yazd I went to Ispagani, 5 days, and in Ispagan was 6 days. And from Ispagan I went to Kashan, and in Kashan I was 5 days. And from Kashan he went to Kum, and from Kuma he went to Sava. And from Sava he went to Sultania. And from Sultania I went to Tabriz. And from Tabriz he went to the horde to Hasan-bek, stayed in the horde for 10 days, since there was no way anywhere. And on the Turkish [Sultan] Hasan-bek sent his army 40 thousand, and they took Sivas; and Tokat was taken and set on fire, Amasya was taken and plundered many villages there. And they went fighting against Karaman. And I went from the horde to Arzinjan, and from Arzinjan I went to Trebizond.
And he came to Trebizond for the Protection of the Holy Theotokos and the ever-virgin Mary and stayed in Trebizond for 5 days. And, having come to the ship, he conspired about the payment - to give gold from his head to Kafa; and I took the gold for a fee, and give it to the Cafe. In Trebizond, the subyshes and the pasha did me a lot of harm: they took all my trash to their city, to the mountain, and they searched everything; that the trifle was good - they stole everything, and they were looking for letters, since I came from the horde of Hasan-bek.
By the grace of God, I swam to the third sea, to the Black, and in Persian, the Sea of Istanbul. He sailed by the sea in the wind for 5 days and reached Vonada, but then we were met by a strong wind from the north and brought us back to Trebizond. And we stood in Platan for 15 days because of the strong and evil wind. From Platania they went out to the sea twice, but the evil wind that met us prevented us from going on the sea; God true, god patron! - because, besides him, we do not know any other god. And the sea, it was, swam, but brought us to Balaklava, and from there to Gurzuf, and we stood here for 5 days.
By the grace of God, I sailed to Kafa, 9 days before Philip's spell. God, the creator! I passed by the grace of God three seas. God knows the rest, God knows the patron. In the name of a merciful and merciful God. God is great! Good God, good Lord, Jesus is the spirit of God! Peace to you! God is great; there is no god but Allah, the creator. Thank God, thank God! In the name of God, merciful and gracious! He is a god who has no other like him, knowing everything secret and obvious; he is merciful and gracious; he is a god who has no other like him; he is a king, light, peace, savior, guardian, glorious, powerful, great, creator, creator, depictor. He is the resolver of sins, he is also the punisher; giving, nourishing, ending all difficulties; knowing, receiving our souls; stretching out heaven and earth, keeping everything; Almighty, exalting, overthrowing, hearing everything, seeing everywhere. He is a right judge, good.
