The largest city in the Volga Federal District is Nizhny Novgorod. The city is located on the European plain on the banks of two rivers Volga and Oka and is a unique ensemble of industrial progress and medieval architecture.
Population
At the end of the 14th century, there were more than 1,300 households on the territory of the guard support settlement of Nizhny Novgorod, which inhabited about 5,000 people.
The data of the scribal book for 1621 determine the number of inhabitants of Nizhny Novgorod:
- 2,364 yards;
- 15,000 permanent residents.
The general population census also included residents of the Kunavinskaya Sloboda.
By the beginning of 1897, Nizhny Novgorod ranked eighth in terms of population density among Russian cities. The permanently residing population of the city of Nizhny Novgorod was 90,000 people. Leading positions were occupied by:
- Moscow;
- Petersburg;
- Saratov;
- Kazan;
- Rostov-on-Don;
- Tula;
- Astrakhan.
Already in 1926 this figure increased to 222,000 people. In 1989, Nizhny Novgorod moved to the third position - the population was 1,403,000 people. In the 90s, there was a decline in the population.
In 2009, 358,000 pensioners were registered from the total number of residents of Nizhny Novgorod, 30 of them are long-livers (100 and more years). Since 2009, the birth rate in the Nizhny Novgorod region has increased, and the death rate has decreased.
Over the past 4 years, there has been a steady increase in the number of permanent residents of the city:
- 2013 - 1,259,921 people;
- 2014 - 1,263,873 people;
- 2015 - 1,267,760 people;
- 2016 - 1,271,890 people;
- 2017 - 1,267,760 people.
The population of Nizhny Novgorod annually increases by about 4,000 people. The average age of Nizhny Novgorod residents is 39.9 years.
City zoning
The Oka River cuts through Nizhny Novgorod on the left bank and right bank. Formally, the Zarechny and Nagorny administrative sectors are distinguished.
The trans-river part consists of five districts:
- Avtozavodskaya.
- Kanavinsky.
- Leninist.
- Moscow.
- Sormovsky.
The upland part united three districts:
- Nizhny Novgorod.
- Prioksky.
- Soviet.
The residents of Nizhny Novgorod themselves call the districts and constituent areas - "upper" and "lower" part. The historical concentration of the city is located on the Dyatlovy Hills - the upper part. The city's business center is located here.
The lower part is much younger, architecturally more modern than the upper one. The industrial power of the city is concentrated here. The construction project for this district was developed taking into account the smooth operation of enterprises. Residents of the industrial area have the corresponding benefits:
- apartment buildings;
- garage facilities;
- swimming pools;
- sport complexes;
- shops, etc.
The older generation of the indigenous population recall how in the old days the entire area woke up to the sound of factory alarms.
If earlier there was practically no need for people to move from one bank of Nizhny Novgorod to another, today the situation has changed dramatically. Most of the prestigious high-paying jobs are offered in the upper part of the city. The existing number of inter-coastal communications is insufficient for the smooth movement of residents between both banks. During rush hour, many kilometers of traffic jams are formed. Also, the seasonal whims of nature do not forget to remind of themselves.
Old-timers pay attention to the "hidden confrontation" of the inhabitants of both banks of Nizhny Novgorod. The mountainous part has concentrated in itself the main objects of culture and education. Residents of this part of the city consider themselves to be more educated.
- Avtozavodsky district - 299,790 people. Built around the GAZ car plant. According to the statistics department, the most criminal area. Perhaps this is due to the high population density. Avtozavodskaya park is of particular concern in the dark. In spite of everything, Avtozavodskiy district is the largest and most comfortable of all districts of the city. The population is the main part of Nizhny Novgorod residents. Every year the situation in the region is changing in a positive direction. Sports complexes, shopping and entertainment centers are being actively reconstructed and built. Only this area has its own print edition and website. A very attractive factor is the cost of housing in the Avtozavodsky district. High-quality and comfortable new buildings are attracting more and more families. The main disadvantage can be considered the significant remoteness of the area of the car plant from the business center of Nizhny Novgorod.
- Sormovskiy district - 166 414 people. It was annexed to Nizhny Novgorod almost a hundred years ago. Affordable housing and an abundance of cultural, shopping and entertainment centers attract a large number of Nizhny Novgorod residents. The disadvantages of the area include the railway track, which is located in a circle. To leave the Sormovskiy district, you will have to spend a lot of time in a traffic jam at a railway crossing.
- Kanavinsky district - 157,017 people. It is this area that welcomes guests and residents of the city; the central railway station is located there. Kanavino is one of the most historic districts of the city. Today, an active reconstruction and development of the area is underway.
- Sovetsky District - 148,066 people. Young, compact, densely populated area. Active construction of new buildings is underway. The cost of housing is above average.
- Leninsky district - 141,391 people. The geographical center of Nizhny Novgorod. The main advantage of the district is its equidistance from any end of the city and, accordingly, the possibility of quick inter-district movement.
- Nizhny Novgorod region - 131,186 people. One of the most popular areas of the city. A large number of sights and historical places loved by Nizhny Novgorod residents and guests of the city.
- Moskovsky district - 123 442 people. Popular with the concentration of industrial giants. The area has attracted workers from nearby businesses and families looking for affordable housing in a quiet area. The infrastructure is well developed in the Moscow region. The construction of new buildings is not very active.
- Prioksky district - 94,360 people. The most ecologically clean area of the city. The two largest park zones in Nizhny Novgorod. A favorite resting place for Nizhny Novgorod residents. The class and cost of housing in the Prioksky district does not have clear restrictions.
- Urban-type settlement Zeleny Gorod - 2 409 people.
Nizhny Novgorod (in 1932-1990 - Gorky) is the regional center of the Volga region, the administrative center of the Volga Federal District. In terms of population, Nizhny Novgorod ranks fifth in Russia as a whole. The city is separated from Moscow by four hundred and thirty kilometers. Nizhny Novgorod is included in the UNESCO list of cities of historical and cultural heritage.
Nizhny Novgorod is located at the confluence of the Oka and Volga, and the Oka passes through the entire city, dividing it into two parts. In total, twelve rivers flow through the territory of Nizhny Novgorod, and there are also three dozen lakes on it.
Modern Nizhny Novgorod is a large industrial center, the factories of the city produce cars, water and aircraft, products of the military-industrial complex. Perhaps the largest machine-building plant located in Nizhny Novgorod is GAZ (Gorky Automobile Plant), a few years ago, in 2002, which celebrated its 70th anniversary.
At present, the volume of GAZ production is more than half of the total production of trucks in Russia as a whole, in the passenger car market the indicator is much slower - about five percent. In addition, the Gorky Automobile Plant produces military equipment, in particular, armored personnel carriers. In addition to GAZ, other large machine-building enterprises are located in Nizhny Novgorod: Krasnoe Sormovo Sokol (an aircraft industrial enterprise, production of military and civil aircraft), Nizhny Novgorod Machine-Building Plant (production of military equipment and equipment for the nuclear industry), Gidromash (production of aircraft chassis, hydraulic equipment), Heat exchanger ( production of thermal equipment and aviation life support systems), (production of watercraft).
In Nizhny Novgorod, not only heavy, but also light industry is developed (production of linen products, garments, knitwear, leather goods, woodworking, printing). The food industry of Nizhny Novgorod is represented by the Nizhny Novgorod factory of sparkling wines, known throughout Russia, as well as a brewery, meat processing plants, a dairy, a confectionery factory, and so on. Nizhny Novgorod has a large number of hotels of various price categories and stars.
Nizhny Novgorod is an important traffic intersection, one of the branches of the Trans-Siberian Railway passes through it; the city has a railway and river stations, as well as a cargo port. The intra-city transport network includes trams, trolleybuses, buses, fixed-route taxis, as well as two metro lines.
Nizhny Novgorod is a city with a developed vocational education system. The Nikolai Lobachevsky University is widely known outside the region, it includes nineteen faculties, where about forty thousand students study. Another large university in Nizhny Novgorod is the Technological University (NSTU), which trains about eleven thousand students.
The cultural life of Nizhny Novgorod is rich: eight theaters work here, including one of the oldest drama theaters in Russia; seventeen cinemas, nearly a hundred libraries, five concert halls, and a wide variety of entertainment options. The city hosts the first digital planetarium in Russia.
The following museums operate in Nizhny Novgorod: Gorky Museum, Kashirin's House, Dobrolyubov House-Museum, Alexander Pushkin Museum, Academician Sakharov's Apartment-Museum, Russian Museum of Photography. And of course, one cannot fail to mention the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, built at the beginning of the sixteenth century. On its territory are the administrative authorities of the city and region, as well as temples and museums.
One of the main streets of Nizhny Novgorod, running from Minin Square and Pozharsky Bolshaya Pokrovskaya, is a pedestrian street. This is a real tourist street, at its beginning there is the main entrance to the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin - one of the main attractions of the city.
Nizhny Novgorod is an Orthodox city, in it there are large ancient monasteries (Annunciation and Pechersky), churches (in particular, Christmas, or the Cathedral of the Most Holy Theotokos; Smolensk) and temples.
Nizhny Novgorod
The center of the Nizhny Novgorod region, 439 km east of Moscow. Located at the confluence of the Oka and Volga. The climate is moderately continental. Average temperatures in January are -12 ° C, in July 18 ° C. Annual precipitation is about 500 mm. Large transport hub: 6 railway lines (3 main lines). River port. An airport. Metropolitan (since 1985). The population is 1,440.6 thousand people (1992; 95.1 thousand in 1897; 222 thousand in 1926; 644 thousand in 1949; 941 thousand in 1959; 1170 thousand in 1970; 1344 thousand in 1979); 3rd (after Moscow and St. Petersburg) city in Russia in terms of population.
Coat of arms of Nizhny Novgorod. "In a white field, a red deer: black antlers and hooves." Highest approved on 8/16/1781
It was founded in 1221 by the Vladimir prince Yuri Vsevolodovich as a fortress (the name "Nizhny" and "Novograd Nizovskie lands" appeared only in the documents of the XIV century as a designation of the center of a vast area lying downstream of the Volga and Oka rivers with their tributaries). Since 1350 - the capital of the Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal principality created in 1341. Due to its advantageous geographical position, NN acquired the importance of a large commercial and cultural center; chronicles were kept in the Pechersky Monastery (founded in 1328-30); in 1377, the monk Laurentius compiled a collection of annals for the Grand Duke Dmitry (the so-called Laurentian Chronicle). Initially, the city was surrounded by oak walls; in 1372, the construction of a stone Kremlin began. In 1392, under Vasily I, N.N. was annexed to Moscow and soon became a stronghold of Russia in the struggle against the Kazan Khanate. In 1506-11, under Vasily III, a new brick Kremlin was built. The fortress allowed the citizens of Nizhny Novgorod to repel the raids of the Tatars in 1520 and 1536. From the second half of the XVI century. - one of the largest trade and craft centers of the Moscow state; since that time, 2 parts of the city have been formed: Nagornaya (center) and Zarechnaya (later - an industrial region). In 1611-12, the people's militia of the zemstvo headman Kuzma Minin and prince D.M. Pozharsky was formed in N.N. against the Polish invaders. Since 1719 - the center of the Nizhny Novgorod province. Since the XIX century. the city is of commercial and industrial importance; the flour-grinding industry and industries associated with the Volga shipping were especially developed. The growth of the city was also favored by the transfer of the Makarievskaya Fair in NN in 1817, the construction of the Sormovo shipbuilding plant in 1849, and the construction of a railway to Moscow in 1862. From the middle of the XIX century. Volga Shipping Company is developing intensively.
Since the end of the XIX century. N. N. is the center of the revolutionary movement. NN is the birthplace of mechanic I.P. Kulibin, mathematician N.I. Lobachevsky, literary critic N.A.Dobrolyubov, composer M.A. Balakirev, writer P.I. Melnikov (Pechersky). In 1932 the city was renamed Gorky in honor of the native of N.N., the writer M. Gorky (A. M. Peshkov). From 1991 - again N.N.
Modern N.N. is the largest machine-building center in Russia (70% of industrial production), including auto and shipbuilding. The leading enterprise in the industry is the automobile plant, with which the Krasnaya Etna plant is connected, which is the main supplier of auto-normals in the country, factories - specialized machines (produces vans, trailers, etc.), gearboxes, stamps and molds, etc. The Krasnoye Sormovo shipyard is the main shipbuilding base of the Volga fleet. The Dvigatel Revolyutsii plant is a major manufacturer of marine diesel engines and gas engine compressors for main gas pipelines. There are also factories - aircraft, milling machines, mill and elevator equipment, peat machines, television ("Chaika" brand), enterprises - converting metallurgy, chemical industry, woodworking, building materials. Food (mill, meat, dairy factories; macaroni, confectionery factories; factories - brewing and champagne wines) and light industry (linen mill, hosiery, leather and footwear, sewing factories). Near N. N. - Gorkovskaya hydroelectric power station on the Volga (near the city of Zavolzhye), Balakhninskaya state district power station and combined heat and power plant. Gas pipelines from Saratov and Minnibaev, an oil pipeline from Almetyevsk. University, technical university. Conservatory. Institutes: water transport engineers, architecture and construction, agricultural, medical, pedagogical institute of foreign languages. Faculty of the Moscow Commercial University, branches of the All-Russian Correspondence Institute of Finance and Economics and the All-Russian Correspondence Institute of Railway Engineers. Theaters: drama, opera and ballet, young spectator, comedy, puppet theater. Museums: Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve (founded in 1896), Art (Western European, Russian and Soviet art); folk arts and crafts; architecture and everyday life of the peoples of the Nizhny Novgorod Volga region; M. Gorky with the branches "House of Kashirin" and "The last apartment of M. Gorky in Nizhny Novgorod" House-Museum of the Nevzorov sisters; river fleet; House-Museum of Ya. M. Sverdlov.
The planning structure of N.N. by the beginning of the 17th century. consisted in the Nagornaya part of the City (i.e., the Kremlin), the Upper (from the south) and Lower (under the high bank) posad surrounding it, scattered over the neighboring hills of the settlements (Kanavinskaya Sloboda was part of Zaochye). The line of the Kremlin's defensive walls (1500-12, possibly the Italian architect Pyotr Fryazin), with numerous towers (originally 13; large square towers with gates alternate with smaller round ones; restoration - 1960-70s, head S.A. Agafonov ), outlines the territory in the form of an irregular triangle; in the Kremlin there is a cubic, eight-sided tent on a low eight-sided pavilion of the Archangel Michael Cathedral (built in 1631, in honor of the victory of the Nizhny Novgorod militia in 1612, architects L. Vozoulin and A. Konstantinov; since 1962, the remains of Kuzma Minin have been in the cathedral). Near the Kremlin, on the coastal slope, is located the founded in the XIII century. Annunciation Monastery: 5-head, surrounded by a low gallery, the Annunciation Cathedral (1649) with a single-domed Sergievskaya church attached from the south-west (late 17th - early 18th centuries), a refectory with a two-tent Assumption Church (1678), a bell tower and cells (all - 17th v.). Downstream of the Volga, not far from the Kremlin, is located the XIV century. Pechersky Monastery: 5-head, on the white stone basement of the Ascension Cathedral (1632, possibly architect A. Konstantinov), with a bell tower (1632), a gate-roofed church of Euthymius of Suzdal (1645, architect Konstantinov), a refectory with a tent-roofed Assumption Church (1648), Peter and Paul Church (1638, architect Konstantinov), Bishops' Chambers (XVII-XVIII centuries). Above the bank of the Oka, between the Kremlin and the Pokhvalinsky ravine, the structures of the posad have been preserved. Churches: Myrrh-Bearing Women (1649, 5-domed, on a high basement; appearance changed by alterations of the 20th century, 4-pitched roof, devoid of chapters); Dormition on Ilinskaya Gora (1672, crowned with 5 tiled heads on high drums, with kokoshniks at the base); famous architectural monument N.N. - Christmas church at the Stroganovs estate in the so-called Stroganov style, completed with 5 chapters with patterned crosses, with an extensive 2-tier refectory, on the facades - rich brick decor in the form of motifs of fruits, cartouches, curls (1719 ; in the interior of the refectory - white stone carving, in the interior of the church - an iconostasis with fine, abundant wooden carvings, icons of the 18th century, picturesque panels; now a museum). Preserved houses of the 17th - early 18th centuries, mostly 2-storey, made of "large-sized" bricks, with windows decorated with figured frames, kokoshniks, with wooden extensions, porches, high roofs: Chatygin (the so-called house of Peter I, who stayed here in 1695, heading for the Azov campaign), the Pushnikov chambers (consisting of 2 connected buildings, built at different times), Olisov. On the left bank of the Oka there is a 5-domed church of the Smolensk Mother of God at the Stroganovs' estate in Gordeevka (1697), with a rich decor in the so-called Stroganov style.
For the Nagornaya part of the city in 1770, a radial-circular plan was developed with a system of streets diverging from a trapezoidal square at the outer gates of the Kremlin; according to the revised plan of 1824, the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod fair was included in the city limits on the left bank of the Oka, along with the Kanavinskaya settlement. According to the plan of 1838, the Verkhnevolzhskaya embankment was built (at both its ends - the Georgievsky and Kazan congresses), on the slope - the Alexander Garden. At the end of the 18th - first half of the 19th centuries. buildings here were built in the style of classicism, in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. - in the spirit of eclecticism, stylization, modern style. The former house of the vice-governor (1788), the house of the pharmacist G. Evenius (1789-92, architect I. Nemeyer), the buildings of the seminary (1823-29, architects I. I. Mezhetsky, A. L. Leer), Assembly of the Nobility (1826, architect I.E. Efimov; in the interior - a small columned hall; additional building - 1860-70s), Noble Institute (1840s, architect A.A.Pakhomov; on the main facade - a frieze in the form of a floral ornament depicting the coats of arms of the cities of the Nizhny Novgorod province, now a regional library) with a house for living (1836, architect I.E. Efimov; now - a theater school), house of Z. Dobrolyubova (1840s, architect G. I. Kizevetter; now - House-Museum of N.A. A. Schroeter); the building of the City Duma (1902, architect V.P. Zeidler; the main facade - with 3 large windows, completed with a parapet with the Nizhny Novgorod coat of arms and a steep hipped roof), the State Bank in the neo-Russian style (1913, architect V.A. Pokrovsky; consists of several volumes covered with roofs of various shapes; in the interior - murals on walls and vaults according to sketches by I. Ya.Bilibin, chandeliers, lanterns, iron bars, majolica stair rails), a church on the New (now Old) cemetery (1916, architect Pokrovsky).
Below, along the banks of the Volga and Oka, the classicist estates of the Stroganovs (from the 1870s - the Golitsyns; 1827, architect P. Ivanov) and the Golitsyns (1821-37, possibly the architect D.I. Blinovsky passage in the spirit of Russian architecture of the 17th century. (last third of the 19th century), the Volga-Kamsky bank in the eclectic style (1894-98, architect V.P. Zeidler), the bank of the Rukavishnikov brothers in the Art Nouveau style (1908-12, architect F.O.Shekhtel; sculptures above the entrance , personifying industry and agriculture, sculptor S. T. Konenkov). On the Verkhnevolzhskaya embankment: the former neo-baroque house of S.M. House of D.V.Sirotkin in the style of neoclassicism (1914-16, architects - brothers L.A., V.A. and A.A. Vesnin, now - the Art Museum).
On the left bank of the Oka, on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod fair, the centric 5-domed Spassky Old Fair Cathedral (1817-22, architect O. Montferrand) has not been lost, on the Strelka there is the Alexander Nevsky Fair Cathedral (1881, architects R. Ya.Kilevein, L.V. Dal; since the beginning of the 1990s it has been restored), the Main House of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair (1890; since the beginning of the 1990s - the center of renewed exchange and fair activities).
NN was built up according to the general plans of the 1930s. (architect A. P. Ivanitsky and others), 1937 and 1966. Built: House of Soviets, hotel "Russia" (both - early 1930s, architect A. Z. Grinberg), Pedagogical (1936-38, architect A. A. Yakovlev) and Polytechnic (1931-36, architects Grinberg, I. F. Neiman) institutes, river (1964, architect M. I. Churilin) and railway (1965, architect M. A. Gotlib) stations, air terminal (1965, architect Gottlieb), a sports complex (1965, architects Yu. N. Bubnov, V. V. Balakhina, S. A. Timofeev). In connection with the construction and reconstruction of large industrial buildings, comfortable residential areas have grown near them: Avtozavodsky (1930-40, architects V.A., I.A.Golosov, A.S. Fisenko, L.B. Velikovsky, etc.), Sormovo with the Palace of Culture (1926, architects S.A. Novikov, E.M. Michurin, V.A. architects P. V. Shchusev, P. V. Pomazanov, I. A. Frenchman, engineer A. V. Krylov; 2nd - 1965, architects L. M. Ostrovidov, G. V. Ogorodnikov), Volga embankment with a staircase (1949, architects L. V. Rudnev, V. O. Munts, A. A. Yakovlev) and others. Monuments: an obelisk in honor of K. Minin and D. Pozharsky (1826, sculptor I. P. Martos, architect A. I. Melnikov); "To the Heroes and Martyrs of the 1905 Revolution" (1930, architect A. A. Yakovlev, artist V. A. Frolov); V. P. Chkalov (1940, sculptor V. P. Mendelevich, architects V. S. Andreev, I. G. Taranov); M. Gorky (1952, sculptor V. I. Mukhina, architects V. V. Lebedev, P. P. Steller); Ya.M. Sverdlov (1957, P. I. Gusev, N. M. Chugurin, architect V. N. Rymarenko); "To the heroes of Gorky who died in the Great Patriotic War" (1966, architects B. S. Nelyubin, V. Ya. Kovalev, S. A. Timofeev, artists V. V. Lyubimov, A. M. Shvaikin, A. P. Topunov); V. I. Lenin (1970, sculptor Yu. G. Neroda, architects V. V. Voronkov, Yu. N. Voskresensky); N. A. Dobrolyubov (1986, sculptor P. I. Gusev, architect B. S. Nelyubin); K. Minin (sculptor O. Komov). 
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Cities of Russia. Encyclopedia - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia... I. Kondratyev. 1994.
Synonyms:See what "Nizhny Novgorod" is in other dictionaries:
City, c. Nizhny Novgorod region It was founded in 1221 under the name Novgorod, which, perhaps, meant not just a new city, but repeated the name of the city of Novgorod, which is on the Volkhov River. To distinguish cities of the same name, the definition of the lower one is introduced, ... ... Geographical encyclopedia
The full name of FC "Nizhny Novgorod 2" Nicknames townspeople, automobile plants, northerners, Nizhny Novgorod, NNtsy Founded 2007 Stadium ... Wikipedia
Nizhny Novgorod- Nizhny Novgorod. Bridge. NIZHNY NOVGOROD (91 Gorky in 1932), a city, the center of the Nizhny Novgorod region, in Russia, at the confluence of the Oka and the Volga. 1438 thousand inhabitants. Large river port; railway junction; an airport. Metro. Mechanical engineering (cars, ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (in 1932 90 Gorky), a city, the center of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, at the confluence of the Oka and the Volga. Large river port, railway etc. node. 1367.6 thousand inhabitants (1998). A large center of mechanical engineering and metalworking (software: automotive GAZ, mechanical engineering, ... ... Russian history
Which federal district does the city of Nizhny Novgorod belong to?
The city of Nizhny Novgorod is part of the federal district: Privolzhsky.The Federal District is an enlarged territory consisting of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
In which region is the city of Nizhny Novgorod located?
The city of Nizhny Novgorod is part of the Nizhny Novgorod region.The characteristic of a region or subject of a country is the possession of the integrity and interconnection of its constituent elements, including cities and other settlements that make up the region.
Region Nizhny Novgorod region is an administrative unit of the state of Russia.
The population of the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
The population in the city of Nizhny Novgorod is 1,261,666 people.Year of foundation of Nizhny Novgorod.
The city of Nizhny Novgorod was founded: 1221.What time zone is Nizhny Novgorod located in?
The city of Nizhny Novgorod is located in the administrative time zone: UTC + 4. Thus, you can determine the time difference in the city of Nizhny Novgorod, relative to the time zone in your city.Nizhny Novgorod phone code
The telephone code of the city of Nizhny Novgorod: +7 831. In order to call the city of Nizhny Novgorod from a mobile phone, you must dial the code: +7 831 and then directly the subscriber's number.Official site of the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
The website of the city of Nizhny Novgorod, the official website of the city of Nizhny Novgorod or as it is also called "The official website of the administration of the city of Nizhny Novgorod": http: //NizhnyNovgorod.rf/.Flag of the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
The flag of the city of Nizhny Novgorod is the official symbol of the city and is presented on the page as an image.Coat of arms of the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
In the description of the city of Nizhny Novgorod, the coat of arms of the city of Nizhny Novgorod is presented, which is a distinctive sign of the city.Metro in the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
The metro in the city of Nizhny Novgorod is called the Nizhny Novgorod metro and is a means of public transport.The passenger traffic of the metro city of Nizhny Novgorod (the congestion of the metro station Nizhny Novgorod) is 37.24 million people per year.
The number of metro lines in the city of Nizhny Novgorod is 2 lines. The total number of metro stations in Nizhny Novgorod is 14. The length of metro lines or the length of metro tracks is: 18.90 km.
Conclusion: since the proportion of children (0-14) and persons aged 50 and over are equal, the age structure of the population of the city of N. is called stationary.
In the year under study, 1,090 children were born alive in the city (in the previous year 1,050), all of them to women aged 15–49 years. In one year, 1,420 people died, including 12 under the age of 1 year. Data on the dynamics of demographic indicators in the city of N. are presented in table. 1.
Table 1
Dynamics of the demographic indicators of the city of N. (per 1,000)
Solution.
I. Fertility - determined by the formula:
number of newborns per year * 1000
________________________________
average population
According to the problem, 100,000 people live in N.
As a result, the birth rate in the city of N. in the year under study is 10.9.
II. The mortality rate of the population is determined by the formula:
number of deaths for a given period of time (year) * 1000
_____________________________________________
average population
According to the task, 1,420 people died in the city of N. in a year, the average population is 100,000, therefore, according to the formula:
As a result, the mortality rate of the population in the city of N. in the year under study is 14.2.
III. Fertility - calculated by the formula:
number of live births per year * 1000
_______________________________________________________
average annual number of women of childbearing age (15-49 years)
According to the task in the city of N., the number of newborn children is equal to 1,090, the average annual number of women of childbearing age is equal to 26,000, therefore, according to the formula:
As a result, the fertility rate in the city of N. in the studied year is 42.
IV. Infant mortality - calculated using the formula:
number of children who died during the first year of life in a given year * 1000
2/3 live births in a given year + 1/3 live births in the previous year
According to the problem in the city of N., the number of children who died during the first year of life in a given year is 12. We calculate 2/3 of those born alive in a given year = 1090 * 2/3 = 726.7. We calculate 1/3 of those born alive in the previous year = 1050 * 1/3 = 350, therefore, according to the formula:
As a result, the infant death rate in the city of N. in the year under study is 11.1.
Possible reasons for the changing demographic situation:
Changes in the ecological situation in the city of N. for the worse
Inconsistency of housing with sanitary standards
Associated with these causes, the increase in morbidity and, consequently, mortality
Graphics:
Dynamics of fertility and mortality rates in the city of N. in the studied year:
Conclusion: the birth rate is lower than the death rate since 1998, the trend is negative. Natural growth is negative, since the death rate is higher than the birth rate (since 1998).
To reduce the mortality of the population, it is necessary to take measures to improve the detection of diseases at early stages, in particular to improve the quality of prof. examinations, holding seminars on safety at enterprises, increasing the number of diagnostic centers, clinics. It is also necessary to conduct a policy of a healthy lifestyle, in particular the organization of social advertising aimed at maintaining a healthy lifestyle; dissemination of information in society about the structure of health care, about methods of prevention and treatment of the most common diseases in a given territory, about the possibilities of modern medicine in an accessible form, etc.
Dynamics of infant mortality rates in the city of N. in the studied year:
Conclusion: the infant mortality rate tends to decrease, which is explained by the urgency of this problem and the search for its solution. Improving the professional level of neonatology specialists also plays an important role.
The main factors affecting infant mortality rates:
Pathology of pregnancy and childbirth
Congenital anomalies
Asphyxia
Respiratory system diseases (respiratory distress syndrome, etc.)
Lack of modern high-tech means and methods of newborn therapy, and many others.
Exercise: analyze the main causes of death of the population and children in the 1st year of life in the city of N., provide information graphically, draw a conclusion.
Solution.
table 2
The main causes of death of the population in N. (absolute number and in% of the total)
Conclusion: the main cause of death of the population in the city of N. is diseases of the circulatory system, which coincides with the general statistics for the country. In the city of N., in addition to individual pathologies of the cardiovascular system in the population, a complicated ecological situation also plays an important role, which is one of the etiological factors of their occurrence.
Table 3
Conclusion: the main cause of death of children in the first year of life in the city of N. is the condition arising in the prenatal period. These include fetal damage caused by the mother's conditions, complications of pregnancy, childbirth and delivery, birth trauma, etc.
In addition to information on morbidity due to causes of death, the city polyclinic and children's polyclinic in N. analyzed the data of form No. 12 "Information on the number of diseases registered in patients living in the service area of the medical institution" for the year under study.
In the year under study, in the city of N., 60,600 cases of diseases were registered for the first time in children aged 0 to 18 years, including 44,700 cases with the first time in their life. The number of children aged 0-18 is 30,000 (Table 4).
