Name: Rosehip cinnamon.
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Other names: May rosehip, wild rose, dog rose, thorn.
Latin name: Rosa majalis Herrm.
Family: Rosaceae.
Kinds: Currently, more than 400 species of wild rose have been described in the world. And although rose hips are the brother of roses, roses keep their own special account by species and varieties - there are more than 10 thousand of them in the world.
plant type: Deciduous shrub.
Trunk (stem): Stems ascending or slightly drooping, brownish-red, covered, as a rule, with paired crescent-curved, rarely almost straight spines, on young shoots only near the leaves, sometimes with an admixture of bristle-like spines.
branches: The branches are brownish, densely covered with thin, straight thorns, which reach full development on two- to three-year-old branches. Annual shoots are equipped with thin and soft spines.
Height: Up to 2 meters.
Leaves: Leaves pinnately compound, with oval leaflets, finely serrated along the edge.
Flowers, inflorescences: Pink, large, solitary, but sometimes can be collected in a paniculate inflorescence.
flowering time: May June.
Fruit: An overgrown goblet-shaped receptacle, inside of which numerous real fruits are sitting - hairy nuts. The fruits usually remain on the bushes until winter.
ripening time: Aug. Sept.
collection time: Leaves, flowers, harvested during flowering, roots in autumn. The best time for harvesting fruits is the end of summer and the beginning of autumn. On the bushes there are berries of various colors - red, orange, dark purple, brown. It is believed that red and orange berries contain the greatest amount of vitamins and they need to be collected when the berries turn red, but still hard.
Features of collection, drying and storage: The fruits are harvested by hand in canvas gloves. The berries are dried in an oven or oven at a temperature of 70-100ºС. Spread out in a thin layer, they usually dry out in 3-4 hours. The yield of dry raw materials is 50%. Properly dried, the berry has a reddish or orange color, as it happens fresh. If, after drying, the berry is maroon or brown, it was dried incorrectly and the vitamins in it collapsed. True, useful acids have been preserved in it, but it is better to preserve both. Ready raw materials are stored in dry cool rooms. Shelf life - 2 years.
plant history: Greeks and Romans, Egyptians and Persians share the championship in breeding this plant. The ancient Greeks associated the wild rose with the goddess of beauty and love charm, Aphrodite. There is a legend that at the moment when Aphrodite, having learned about the death of her lover, rushed to him through the bushes, dense thickets of wild roses, the thorns wounded the delicate skin of the goddess, and drops of blood stained the greens and red roses grew from them.
Rosehip has been cultivated since ancient times in the Middle East and Southern Europe, China and India, Central Asia and Iran. In Russia, according to the decrees of Ivan the Terrible, special pickers were sent for rose hips.
Spreading: In Russia, cinnamon rosehip is found in the European part, in the Caucasus, in Western (except for the Far North) and Eastern (Yenisei and Angara-Sayan regions) Siberia; in Ukraine - in the northern regions.
habitats: As a light-loving plant, it grows on the edges of forests, among shrubs, in cemeteries, in roadside ditches and ravines, along rivers and lakes, on rocky slopes.
Interesting Facts: Rosehip - a signaling device and the time of day: the flowers open from 4 to 4 hours 30 minutes in the morning and so precisely that you can check the clock on them.
Signs, proverbs, legends: I know among the people: the wild rose has blossomed - meet the summer, the fruits blush with bright beads on the branches - see off the summer.
medicinal parts: Leaves, flowers, fruits and roots.
Useful content: Rosehip cinnamon is the most valuable vitamin-bearing plant in the earth's flora. As a cultivated rose stands out among flowers, so is its wild counterpart rosehip among medicinal plants. By the way, it is possible to distinguish high-vitamin plant species from low-vitamin ones without resorting to chemical analysis - by the sepals remaining at the upper ends of false fruits, until they ripen. In high-vitamin plant species, the sepals stand upright, while in low-vitamin species they are lowered down, pressed against the walls of the fruit.
Fruits contain sugars, organic acids, vitamins C, B1, B2, P, PP, K, E, carotene, tannins, flavonoids, salts of iron, manganese, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium. The roots contain tannins, flavonoids and catechins. Essential oils, tannins and flavonoids were found in the flowers.
The content of vitamin C in rose hips is 10 times more than in black currants and 100 times more than in apples! Even lemon contains 50 times less vitamin C. 1-3 fruits provide an adult's need for vitamin C.
According to the content of carotene, which ensures the normal function of the eyes, the condition of the mucous membranes and affects the growth and development of the skeleton of children, rosehip is the leader among plants (more than 10 mg%). The fruits contain a lot of vascular-strengthening vitamin P (over 9000 mg%), as well as vitamin K, which normalizes blood clotting, and vitamins B1 and B2, which play an important role in regulating the functions of the nervous system, the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and enzymes.
The high content of vitamin C (100 grams of fruit contains 17-20 daily doses of an adult) improves metabolic processes, increases the rate of enzymatic reactions, the rate of wound healing and the degree of protective properties of the body against various diseases.
It is hard to imagine a product that would be so rich in pectins (up to 14%), and it is pectins that normalize the activity of the gastrointestinal tract and remove toxins and other harmful substances from the body.
"A rich selection of vital elements - iron, potassium, copper, calcium, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, sodium, molybdenum, zinc - makes rosehip the most effective medicine among the plants around us." V. Orekhov. Green Pharmacy. Simferopol, 2003, p. 380.
Actions: Rose hips have antiscorbutic, antisclerotic and anti-inflammatory effects, activate enzyme systems and redox processes in the body. Favorably affect carbohydrate metabolism, enhance hormone synthesis and tissue regeneration, stimulate the body's resistance to adverse environmental factors, increase bile secretion, increase diuresis.
Rose hips are used for the prevention and treatment of hypo- and avitaminosis C and P, in acute and chronic infections, atherosclerosis, nephritis, acute and chronic diseases of the liver, intestines, peptic ulcer, hemorrhagic diathesis, hemophilia, bleeding (pulmonary, uterine), with an overdose of anticoagulants, hyperthyroidism and adrenal insufficiency, traumatic shock.
A good therapeutic effect is obtained with pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, bronchiectalases, in the case of bronchial asthma, in the treatment of eye diseases (hemorrhagic retinitis, chorioditis, vitreous hemorrhage). As a choleretic agent, rose hips are used to treat chronic hepatitis, cholecystitis, and cholangitis.
Rose hips are part of vitamin collections. A syrup from an aqueous condensed fruit extract is prescribed for cholecystitis and hepatitis. Rosehip seeds are used to produce oil used as an external agent for the treatment of wounds, in dental practice (gingivitis, stomatitis), for nipple cracks, bedsores, trophic ulcers of the lower leg, dermatoses, and in the form of microclysters for nonspecific ulcerative colitis.
Dragee of dry rosehip extract is considered to be a universal tonic and prophylactic agent. It is used as a biologically active food supplement, as a means of preventing beriberi and hypovitaminosis C, to increase the body's resistance to infectious and colds, during the rehabilitation period after influenza, acute respiratory infections and other diseases, in the treatment of antibiotics as a supplement, in complex therapy in the treatment diseases of the kidneys and bladder (including urolithiasis), heart, low acidity of the stomach and headache.
Use restrictions: REMEMBER, ROSE PREPARATIONS ARE CONTRAINDICATED IN AT THROMBOPHLEBISIS OR PREDISPOSITION TO IT! AFTER TAKING THE DRUGS, IT IS MANDATORY TO RINSE YOUR MOUTH WITH WARM WATER, AS ROSEHIP ACIDS ERATE TOOTH ENAMEL! ROSE HIP SYRUP MAY CAUSE AN INDIVIDUAL REACTION: BLOATING AND RUMBLING IN THE STOMACH. IN THIS CASE, THE SYRUP SHOULD BE COMBINED WITH DILL WATER OR DILL, PARSLEY OR CELERY.
Healing recipes:
Infusion of fruits . Crush 2 tablespoons of dry fruits in a mortar or grind in a coffee grinder, pour 2 cups of hot water, put in a dark place for 4-5 hours, strain through 2-3 layers of gauze, add 10 grams of sugar. Drink 0.5 cup before meals.
Shrub up to 120-180 cm tall, with thin branches covered with thin straight spikes, sitting in twos at the base of the leaves. The leaves are pinnate, consisting of 5-7 oval leaflets. Flowers solitary, pink, with numerous stamens and pistils. False fruits are spherical, orange-red, sweet and sour taste. Blooms from mid-May to July. As a vitamin raw material in the Central Chernozem region, the fruits of another 13 types of wild rose are used.Location. Found in all areas.
Habitat. It grows among shrubs, in forests, ravines and near fields.
Used part. Fruit.
collection time. Aug. Sept.
Chemical composition. Rose hips contain ascorbic acid, vitamins B1, B2, PP and K. In addition, the fruit pulp contains flavonol glycosides kaempferol and quercetin, sugars, pectins, tannins, organic acids, carotene, lycopene, rubiksanthin. The seeds contain fatty oil; roots and leaves are rich in tannins.
Rose hip properties
Rosehip is a multivitamin remedy. Its fruits contain many times more vitamins than oranges and lemons. Especially a lot of vitamin C in rose hips. Rose hips are part of vitamin teas No. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8. Decoction, infusion, extract, syrup from rose hips have antiscorbutic, anti-inflammatory, choleretic and diuretic effects. Rosehip preparations regulate the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, moderately increase the secretion of bile; the fruit pulp has a laxative effect. A greater diuretic effect has an infusion of the peel of the fruit. Infusions from the peel or whole rose hips are recommended for nephrolithiasis as a means of promoting the dispersal of stones. The complex of vitamins contained in rose hips prevents increased capillary fragility and has a weak hemostatic effect, therefore, rosehip preparations are prescribed for hemorrhagic diathesis, bleeding gums, nasal, pulmonary, renal uterine bleeding, various infectious diseases, in the postoperative period, with bone fractures. In recent years, pure ascorbic acid and rosehip preparations have been recommended as an anti-sclerotic agent for high blood cholesterol, hypertension, and angina pectoris. In addition to fruits, an infusion of rosehip seeds is used as a diuretic. Rosehip seed oil has anti-inflammatory, wound-healing properties, and is prescribed for ulcerative colitis, hemorrhoids, rectal sphincter fissures, burns, and skin diseases. In folk medicine, a decoction of rosehip flowers is used for eye baths for conjunctivitis, blepharitis as an anti-inflammatory and sedative. Rosehip roots contain a lot of tannins, so a decoction and an alcoholic tincture of them are used for various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract as an astringent and a remedy that reduces intestinal motility. The decoction also has a diuretic effect. Rose hips are used as a substitute for powdered licorice and marshmallow root when embedding pills. They are widely used in the confectionery industry. Rosehip flower petals are used to make liqueurs and rose water.Ways to use rose hips
1. Pour 1 tablespoon of fruits with 2 cups of boiling water, boil for 10 minutes. Insist in a sealed container in a dark place for 24 hours, strain. Take ½ cup 2 times a day before meals.2. Pour 1 tablespoon of crushed, peeled fruits with 2 cups of boiling water, boil for 10 minutes, leave for 2-3 hours, strain. Take ½ cup 2-3 times a day before meals.
3. Holosas (Cholosas) - a syrup prepared on a condensed aqueous extract of rose hips and sugar. Take 1 teaspoon 2-3 times a day for hepatitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis. The course of treatment is 3 weeks.
4. Pour 2 tablespoons of crushed rosehip roots with 2 cups of water, bring to a boil, boil for 15 minutes, leave for 2 hours, strain. Take ½ cup 4 times a day before meals.
5. Pour 10 g of flowers with 1 glass of water, bring to a boil, boil for 15-20 minutes, insist, strain. Apply as an eye wash.
Rose hip(lat. Rōsa) - a genus of plants of the Rosaceae family
Rosehip description
Rosehip translated from the Latin Rosa. Belongs to the genus Rosaceae, family Rosaceae. There are up to 400 species. In the people, the wild rose is called: wild rose, forest pinch, thorn. Rosehip took its name from the presence of sharp thorns, hence the thorn.
Rose hips growing on the territory of our country are mainly shrubs. But some specimens of these species, reaching the age of several hundred years, grow into entire trees. We grow several types of wild rose - wrinkled wild rose, spiny wild rose, cinnamon wild rose, dog wild rose and several other species.
Many of them are characterized by a high content in the "fruits" (or rather, in the overgrown receptacle) of vitamin C. However, until now, the main types used for harvesting for the manufacture of vitamin C concentrates are mainly the following 2 types:
a) Spiny rosehip (R, acicularis L i n d 1.) - a low, strongly thorny-spiky shrub. Flowers pink or reddish. The fruits are red and very diverse in shape. It grows mainly in spruce forests, along forest slopes and edges in the subzone of coniferous (northern) forests of the forest zone. In the pulp of dry “fruits”, the amount of vitamin C is indicated from 4.3 to 7.2%, and it is noted that in the “fruits” of wild rose, common in the northern and eastern parts of the forest zone, the amount of vitamin, as a rule, increases.
b) Cinnamon wild rose, common wild rose (R. cinnamomea L.) is a low, rarely thorny shrub. Flowers are pale or dark red in color. The fruits are small, orange or red fleshy. It grows in forests, shrubs, meadows, and especially in large masses along river valleys throughout the forest and forest-steppe zone of Russia. The pulp of dry fruits contains vitamin C from 2.5 to 14.5%. At the same time, in this species, as in the thorny rosehip, the same geographical dependence is observed in relation to the content of the vitamin.
Rosehip properties and uses
Rose hips are the most important plant source of ascorbic acid, carotene and other vitamins (b, vitamin p, vitamin k). The fruits also contain sugar, pectin and tannins, citric acid.
Rose hips are widely used in medicine and the vitamin industry. Vitamin preparations are prepared from them in the form of pills, tablets, extracts, infusions and powders. Rose hips are widely used in folk medicine.
It is used in the treatment of kidneys, liver, cholelithiasis and nephrolithiasis.
Used in the treatment of the bladder, in the treatment of stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers. Decoctions, infusions, tinctures are made from rose hips.
Rosehip tea is used to boost immunity. Rose hips have volatile and powerful bactericidal properties. Contain a large amount of antioxidants. Rosehip oil is used to treat burns, trophic ulcers and various dermatitis.
Preparations from rose hips have a beneficial effect on carbohydrate metabolism, the functions of the bone marrow, liver, and gallbladder. Decoction of rose hips is recommended to wash to prevent the appearance of wrinkles.
Rosehip seed oil contains essential fatty acids that are essential for skin health. It has an antioxidant effect, improves skin structure, has a regenerating effect and prevents skin aging.
Collection and drying of rose hips
Only ripe and unspoiled rose hips should be collected. The collection usually starts from the end of August - the beginning of September. And continue until frost. Frost-touched "fruits" contain a fairly large amount of sugar. At the same time, they lose almost 50% of vitamin C. The “fruits” are torn off by hand or cut with scissors without stalks. Put in a portable container, trying not to wrinkle or damage them. In damaged places, rotting begins to develop rapidly, “fruits”, become moldy and become unusable.
Drying of the collected "fruits" should begin immediately after harvest. With mass collection, having a cool, protected, well-ventilated area, you can store freshly picked "fruits" for up to 2 days. Drying should be in a well-heated free-style Russian oven or in any fruit and vegetable dryer at a temperature of 80-100 °.
It is necessary to make sure that air freely penetrates to all layers of the decomposed “fruits”, mix the fruits more often and make sure that they do not burn. Such quick drying makes it possible to preserve most of the vitamins in dry "fruits". With prolonged drying, almost all vitamins are destroyed. Well and quickly dried "fruits" of wild rose retain their orange-red or bright dark red color. The walls of the "fetus" break when straightened. In dried "fruits" immediately after drying, it is necessary to separate, on the top of the "fruits" the remains of the flower calyx.
Rosehip Recipes
1) Alcohol infusion rose hips to normalize blood pressure
We take half a liter of vodka of 40 degrees, add one hundred grams of rose hips to it (the fruits must be carefully chopped). We keep in a dark place for a week. We take 20 drops three times a day before meals.
2) With otitis media(ear infection)
Strongly brew rosehip flowers, mix with carrot juice and drip into the sore ear.
3) classic decoction
5 sl chop dried berries, add water, boil for 10 minutes. This drink must be infused for 2-3 hours so that all the healing properties pass into the water. Drink like regular tea or juice, adding honey or any juices to taste. 
Rosehip contraindications for use
Despite the fact that wild rose has been used since ancient times, this plant has its own contraindications. Uncontrolled use of wild rose can lead to the failure of many organs in the body.
Contraindicated in hyperacidity(Rosehip contains a lot of vitamin C - although it is a vitamin, it is still an acid).
Any rosehip preparations are categorically contraindicated for people prone to thrombosis and thrombophlebitis.
If you are a core, treat the use of wild rose also carefully. With inflammation the inner lining of the heart (endocarditis), as well as some other heart diseases, you should not take rosehip preparations in large quantities.
If you have high blood pressure, do not take alcohol tinctures of rose hips. Such drugs are just recommended for hypotensive patients. And to lower blood pressure, you should take only water infusions of wild rose. Hypotonic patients are not recommended to take water infusion.
If you drink rosehip preparations for a very long time, this may adversely affect liver function. You may even face non-infectious jaundice.
Don't forget to consult with your doctor.
| Systematics on Wikispecies | Images at Wikimedia Commons |
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Rosehip May, or Rose of May(lat. Rósa majális) - a shrub of the Pink family, one of the most common types of wild rose in Russia. The fruits are rich in vitamin C and are used as food and also as a medicine. Due to unpretentiousness and winter hardiness, it is used in landscaping cities.
Biological description
The fruits begin to ripen in August. The fruits are spherical, rarely ovoid or elliptical, smooth, orange or red, fleshy, crowned with sepals remaining upward directed. Inside the hypanthium there are numerous hairy, hard nutlets, between which numerous sharp bristly hairs are located along the inner walls of the receptacle. Rose hips are formed by a developed receptacle and ovary and are classified as false fruits. The fruits ripen in August - September.
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From left to right: flower, fruit, fruit close-up, thorns on the lower part of the shoot |
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area
Rosehip May - a widespread species with the Eurosiberian type of range. It occurs from Scandinavia to Central Siberia (reaches approximately to Lake Baikal), never entering the Arctic and only occasionally descending to the steppe zone. Occurs in the European part of Russia, Western Siberia, Eastern Siberia (the basin of the upper and middle reaches of the Yenisei, the Angara basin, the southern Baikal region, southwestern Transbaikalia; Kazakhstan (Tarbagatai). In Altai, it is common in most areas.
Ecology
May rosehip grows singly or in groups in the undergrowth of sparse forests, on edges, glades and clearings, among bushes and along ravines, more often found in meadows and floodplain forests. It is most often included in the composition of shrub thickets in floodplains and plays a dominant or polydominant role there. Included in shrub associations along with prickly rose hips, Tatar honeysuckle and others. In the forest-tundra, it occurs among sparse birch forests. In the forest-steppe it inhabits birch, pine and oak groves, and in Western Siberia partly also the flat steppe. In mountainous areas, it occupies mainly river valleys. It also occurs under the canopy of rare tree and shrub plantations with low crown density. Prefers alluvial soils.
Light-loving shrub, but tolerates shading.
The bright fruits attract birds such as hazel grouse, crows, jackdaws, buntings. Birds eat the pulp of the fruit, and the seeds, along with excrement, fall to the ground and thus spread over long distances.
Young shoots are a tasty dish for herbivores. Rosehip defends itself from them with thorns. There are fewer thorns on the stiffened shoots, since the bark protects the shoots, but the thorns become larger and bend down, which prevents mice from getting to the fruits.
The duration of flowering of the plant is 20, and individual flowers - 2-5 days. On average, one stem (aerial axis) lives 4-5, and the rhizome - from 8 to 13 years.
Economic importance
Rosehip May - the most important vitamin plant of Russian flora. Its fruits (or rather, the juicy pulp surrounding the authentic fruits - nuts) contain 10 times more vitamin C than orange and lemon peels. Rosehip fruit (lat. Fructus rosae) is used as a medicinal raw material. The fruits are harvested in August - October, before frost, when they become bright red or orange in color, quickly (not later than 12 hours after their collection) are dried at a temperature of 80-90 ° C in dryers, ovens, scattering the fruits in a thin layer and mixing them up. You can not dry the fruits in the sun, otherwise there will be a partial destruction of vitamins. Fruits that are rotten, blackened, damaged by insects, etc. are not subject to collection. Conditional dried rose hips should be red or brownish-red in color, whole, not moldy, without litter and impurities, odorless, sour-sweet, slightly astringent taste, humidity not higher than 16%.
May rose hips are harvested on an industrial scale; extracts , syrups , pills , tablets , sweets and other medicines are made from them . The strongest antiscorbutic agent is obtained from the rose hips of May. The fruits are part of vitamin and multivitamin preparations and Traskov's anti-asthma medicine. The preparations are used as a multivitamin remedy for hypo- and avitaminosis (especially for avitaminosis-C) and for diseases accompanied by an increased need for vitamins in the body. From the fruit, in addition, receive rosehip oil, rich in vitamin E and carotenoids, and carotolin (containing carotenoids, vitamin E and
Syn .: wild rose, svoborina, svorobornik, chiporas, rosehip, spikeshina, dog rose, cock berries.
Prickly shrub with pink fragrant flowers and medicinal fruits. For medicinal purposes, it is used for beriberi.
Ask the experts
flower formula
Rosehip flower formula: Ch5L5T∞P∞.In medicine
Rose hips are used for the prevention and treatment of hypovitaminosis C and P; as part of complex therapy for asthenic conditions, during the recovery period after infectious and catarrhal diseases, surgical operations.
Rose hips are used in the treatment of allergic skin diseases, atopic dermatitis with often concomitant dysbacteriosis.
Rose hips are part of many fees and dietary supplements.
In horticulture
Many gardeners grow rose hips as an ornamental and medicinal plant. Rosehip loves well-lit, elevated areas of land with drained soil, winters well and tolerates drought. Under favorable conditions, the plant begins to bear fruit for 2-3 years.
Many wild rose hips are used for grafting cultivated roses and as hedges. Rosehip propagates by seeds and vegetatively: cuttings, stem and root cuttings, root offspring and layering.
In cosmetology
Rosehip fruits, petals and leaves are used in cosmetology. Useful substances contained in the petals and fruits of the plant improve skin condition.
Rose hips are used to prepare nourishing and tonic masks that are used for acne, as well as for oily and combination skin care. Refreshing, tonic lotions and rose water are obtained from the petals, which is widely used for dry and sensitive skin.
In cooking
Puree, pasta, jam, jam, marmalade, marshmallow, compote, sweets, jelly, kvass, syrups are prepared from rose hips.
Classification
The genus rosehip (synonymous with rose) belongs to the Rosaceae family (lat. Rosaceae). There are about 300 species of plants of this genus, including the beloved garden rose. There are more than 60 types of wild rose. For medicinal purposes, the following types of wild rose are used:
May rosehip (cinnamon rosehip) - R. majalis Herrm. (R. cinnamomea L.),
Rose hips - R. acicularis Lindl,
Rosehip Dahurian - R. davurica Pall.,
Begger's rosehip - R. beggeriana Schrenk,
Rosehip Fedchenko - R. fedtschenkoana Regel,
Dog rosehip - R. canina L.,
Rose hips - R. corymbifera Borkh.,
Rosehip small-flowered - R. micrantha Smith,
Rosehip Kokand - kokanica (Regel) Regel ex Juz.,
Sandy wild rose - R. psammophila Chrshan.,
Rosehip felt - R. tomentosa Smith,
Rosehip Zangezur - R. zangezura P. Jarosch.,
Rosehip wrinkled - R. rugosa Thunb.
Botanical description
Rosehip is a shrub that can reach a height of up to 2 meters. Rosehip cinnamon (May) has drooping stems covered with unpaired leaves, which have stipules at the base on both sides. Most often, the leaf consists of 5 or 7 ovate-elliptical leaflets, along the edge of the toothed leaflets, with two stipules. Stems and leaves have hard spines. The flowers are light pink-red. From the fleshy receptacle, a false fruit of various shapes develops: from spherical, ovoid or oval to strongly elongated fusiform; the length of the fruit is 0.7-3 cm, the diameter is 0.6-1.7 cm. At the top of the fruit there is a small round hole or a pentagonal platform. The fruits consist of an overgrown fleshy, when ripe, juicy receptacle (hypanthium) and numerous fruitlets - nuts - enclosed in its cavity. Inside the fruits are abundantly lined with long, very stiff bristly hairs. Nuts are small, oblong, with weakly expressed edges. Rosehip ripens in August-September. Rosehip flower formula - CH5L5T∞P∞.
Types of wild rose
Rosehip Daurian has a black-purple color of the branches; at wild rose branches densely covered with thin, straight, uniform bristles, often with 2 thin spinules at the base of the leaf. Rosehip wrinkled has red flowers and very large fruits. dog rose has pale pink flowers, bright red fruits, sepals are bent down and fall off after fruit ripening.
Spreading
Rosehip cinnamon distributed throughout the European part of Russia, in Western and Eastern Siberia, reaches Lake Baikal. Grows in Belarus, Ukraine. Rosehip Daurian distributed in the southern regions of Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Rose hips grows in the forest zone, entering the tundra, has an extensive range - from the Pacific Ocean to Karelia. The southern border of the range passes through Northern Kazakhstan, along the Volga to the west to the Gulf of Finland. Rosehip wrinkled distributed in the Far East. dog rose distributed in Russia, growing in Ukraine and the Caucasus.
Rosehip usually grows in floodplains, in meadows, in sparse forests, on edges, glades, clearings, among bushes, along ravines.
Distribution regions on the map of Russia.
Procurement of raw materials
Rose hips (Rosae fructus) are used as medicinal raw materials. The fruits are harvested during their full ripening (in August-September, sometimes in October), when they become bright red, orange, brownish-red, brownish-black, depending on the species, color and remain firm. Fruit picking must be completed before frost. During drying, fruits touched by frost lose most of their vitamins. The collected fruits are dried in the sun, in attics, but best of all in dryers at a temperature of 80-90ºС.
Chemical composition
Rose hips contain ascorbic acid (2.5 - 5.5%), vitamins B 2 , K, P, riboflavin, carotenoids: provitamin A, lycopene, cryptoxanthin, etc., flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, isoquercetin, tiliroside), anthocyanins , fatty oil, sugars (up to 18%), pectin substances (14%), organic acids (up to 1.8%): malic and citric, tannins (4-5%). Rosehip seeds contain a fatty oil rich in carotene and vitamin E.
Pharmacological properties
An infusion of rose hips helps to increase the nonspecific resistance of the body, enhance tissue regeneration and hormone synthesis, reduce vascular permeability, takes part in carbohydrate and mineral metabolism, and has some choleretic effect.
The biological activity of the fruits of the plant is determined by ascorbic acid. It has well-pronounced reducing properties, is a participant in catalytic processes occurring in the tissues of the body, in the form of components of complex enzyme systems - coenzymes, participates in the process of interaction between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The protective effect of ascorbic acid in C-avitaminosis has been established.
Ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid, formed during its oxidation, stimulate the body's resistance to harmful environmental influences, infections and other adverse factors, and facilitate the course of the disease.
Ascorbic acid also has an anti-sclerotic effect. It reduces the concentration of cholesterol in the blood and slows down the process of deposition of cholesterol plaques in the walls of blood vessels.
Rose hips and preparations from them have an antiscorbutic effect, are able to stimulate the function of the adrenal glands for the synthesis of hormones, have anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties.
Ascorbic acid deficiency is observed in people experiencing prolonged physical and neuropsychic stress. The human body is not capable of synthesizing ascorbic acid, therefore, it must receive it from the outside for preventive and therapeutic purposes, especially in cases where the disease occurs due to its lack.
The daily requirement for an adult is 50 mg, and with great physical exertion it increases to 75-100 mg. The need for ascorbic acid increases to 75 mg in pregnant women, and in nursing mothers - up to 100 mg. For children 7 years old, the need is 30-35 mg, over 7 years old - 50 mg.
Ascorbic acid plays an important role in the nutrition of human eye tissues (especially a lot of ascorbic acid is found in the lens of the eye, its content decreases with the development of cataracts), therefore, rosehip preparations have been used in the treatment of eye diseases caused by vascular disorders.
In the treatment of bronchial asthma, the therapeutic effect is based on a decrease in the content of fibrinogen and globulins in the blood serum, the amount of which increases in response to the intake of foreign proteins in the body.
Application in traditional medicine
In folk medicine, rosehip tea is used to improve health, especially for coughs and colds (pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, bronchiectasis). Rosehip syrup or puree is used for reduced appetite. Fresh fruits are used as an anthelmintic. Rosehip seeds are used against stones in the urinary tract, as a mild diuretic for rheumatism and gout.
Rosehip seed oil is used to lubricate nipple cracks, trophic ulcers, burns, bedsores, and radiation damage to the skin. For dermatitis, it is used internally and externally.
Ascorbic acid is used for hemorrhagic diathesis, hemophilia, various kinds of bleeding (nasal, pulmonary, uterine), radiation sickness accompanied by hemorrhages, poisoning with anticoagulants, infectious diseases, liver diseases, intoxication with industrial poisons and in many other cases.
Rosehip is also used as a choleretic agent for cholecystitis, hepatitis and gastrointestinal diseases, especially those associated with a decrease in bile secretion.
History reference
As far back as the 11th century, the wild rose was known under the name "Rose of Cain", which means "Dog Rosehip" in Greek. Perhaps the name is due to the fact that the root of the shrub helped in the treatment of rabies from dog bites. According to another version, this is a derogatory name, indicating the worst kind of wild roses.
The ancient Romans considered the plant a symbol of morality, the Greeks planted rose gardens around the temple of the goddess of love and beauty Aphrodite, and decorated the path of the newlyweds with rose petals.
The medicinal properties of the plant were well known and appreciated in ancient Greece. In the 4th century BC, Theophrastus in his Natural History gave such a detailed description of the plant that it passed from book to book for many centuries. Ludwig Graeber's herbalist has a recipe from 1563 for using rosehip powder to strengthen the gums. The rose oil of the plant served as a good wound healing agent at a time when reliable methods of sterilization and antiseptics were not yet known.
The ancient Slavs also appreciated the medicinal properties of wild rose and used it to heal wounds. True, they did not know how to isolate rose oil, but were treated with rose water. Useful properties of wild rose are mentioned in old Russian medical books. In Russia, rose hips were used to treat and prevent bleeding gums. In the 16th-17th centuries, Russian tsars equipped special expeditions to the Orenburg steppes to harvest the fruits of the plant. During the Russian-Turkish war, in the first military hospital in Moscow, the wounded were given "svoroborin molasses" to maintain strength and treatment. Remembering this tradition, doctors of military hospitals during the Great Patriotic War used an aqueous decoction of rose hips to heal wounds.
A variety of diseases were treated with rose hips: from colds to rabies, but in the 19th century, scientific medicine became disillusioned with the medicinal plant and treated it coldly. The former glory returned to rose hips with the discovery of vitamins in it.
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