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Putin’s recent order to check what opportunities have been created in the regions for learning a native language and whether it’s not being forced to learn a non-native language has generated a lot of controversy. Moreover, if there are almost no offline discussions (and the existing ones are held peacefully), then, unfortunately, polemics on the Internet almost develops into the subject of Article 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. People unite in interest groups, write petitions, share their thoughts on how to abandon the Tatar language, or, conversely, to prevent mass refusals. Moreover, a huge number of subscribers of the group in social networks have gained in record time - any SMM-person will envy. The language problem is most actively defended by three publics. Realnoe Vremya talked with the creators of these communities.
"Russian language in schools of national republics"
"Russian language in schools of national republics" - the oldest group in social networks, the first entry is dated June 27, 2012. Just at this time, the mother from Nizhnekamsk, Victoria Mozharova, through the court tried to defend the right for her sons not to learn the Tatar language. It must be said that the boys did not attend the lessons of the Tatar language and literature for several years, until the school director left them for the second year due to academic arrears in these subjects. This, in fact, became the reason for the trial.
The creator of the community, a supporter of "linguistic freedom" Yekaterina Belyaeva, in the case of her child, however, did not reach such ultimatums, she acted in the pre-trial legal field. She came to Kazan from Irkutsk.
The group is not very large - at the moment it consists of 1454 people, the last surge in joining was on September 5-7, when in the "documents" section there were samples of applications for refusing to study the Tatar language.
There is little activity in the group, this is due to the fact that we ourselves do not support the discussions in the group, all our communication is essentially - how to submit, where ... Basically, people download samples of the application. We have more page reads, downloads, and file accesses than subscribers, ”says Belyaeva.
The creator of the community, a supporter of "linguistic freedom" Ekaterina Belyaeva. Photo vk.com
There are several sample applications in the group, their content depends on the standard by which the school is studying, and on whether people are disposed to complete refusal or partial. And when analyzing the most popular statements, an interesting pattern emerges. It turns out that the most popular applications are collective ones for a partial refusal to study the Tatar language (more than 700 downloads). Individual downloads are rarely downloaded for complete failure.
Now there are many complaints that school principals refuse to accept applications, they say: “Don’t bring them, we don’t know what to do with them.” These are mainly the cities of Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny. I will not name the schools, because we have already faced the fact that this does not end well either for the leadership of the schools or for those who apply. We ask that the schools give either permission or an official refusal, so that we have something to present to the inspectors from the Prosecutor General's Office, says Belyaeva.
"Committee of Russian-speaking parents of Tatarstan"
This group much younger, but just like the "Belyaevskaya", she grew out of the "Society of Russian Culture of Tatarstan", which is headed by Mikhail Shcheglov. Ekaterina Belyaeva was originally also a member of the "Shcheglovsk" movement, but then she broke away and began to conduct individual activities. The "Committee of Russian-speaking parents of Tatarstan" appeared on social networks in June 2017, even before the meeting of the Council for Interethnic Relations in Yoshkar-Ola, where Vladimir Putin spoke on the topic of voluntariness of learning native languages. The creator is Inessa Gudochkina, she is also the author of the petition "On the protection of the Russian language in the Republic of Tatarstan!"
My first petition received more than 20 thousand votes. Then the popularity began to decline, and I decided to create a group on VKontakte in order to activate it. The group also became popular in a short time. Now 5065 people are there, and over the last month we have more than 2 thousand new users, - says Gudochkina.
The Committee of Russian-speaking Parents of Tatarstan grew out of the Society of Russian Culture of Tatarstan. Photo by Oleg Tikhonov
The group also contains applications for a complete or partial refusal to study the Tatar language and for the choice of a curriculum. According to Gudochkina, as of September 19, 1784 applications were submitted to 98 schools. Inessa says that she, as a mother, also submitted such an application to school, but her child, nevertheless, attends Tatar lessons.
He goes to lessons and does lessons, we are law-abiding. I myself gave the application to the director, she accepted. Displeased, of course, but accepted, we talked culturally with her.
Inessa Gudochkina is a housewife; she devotes her free time to moderating the group. Among her comrades-in-arms there are other mothers. They developed an action plan to prepare for the inspection of the Prosecutor General's Office and Rosobrnadzor, which Putin instructed to carry out in all regions of Russia. They say that in Tatarstan it will be held in October, however, according to the information of the Deputy Minister of Education of Tatarstan Ildar Mukhametov, there has not yet been an official notification from the inspectors.
Now women have divided the districts of Kazan and other cities of Tatarstan among themselves, go to schools and collect curricula in order to demonstrate to auditors whether they comply with federal standards or not.
"Tatars ata-analars - Tatar-speaking parents"
This is the only one group in the social network "VKontakte", which maintains the existing order in the educational system of Tatarstan, in which the Russian and Tatar languages are studied in equal volumes. It appeared on September 8 in response to the active work of the first two communities. Its creator is Chulpan Khamidova, an employee of the Mardzhani Institute of History.
Specifically, our group arose as a reaction to the distribution of messages with a call to abandon the study of the Tatar language. I, as a Tatar, really root for my culture and I am in favor of keeping the Tatar language in the basic curriculum, says Chulpan.
Chulpan Khamidova: “Our group emerged as a reaction to the distribution of messages with a call to abandon the study of the Tatar language. As a Tatar, I am very much a fan of my culture and I am for keeping the Tatar language in the basic curriculum. " Photo vk.com
At the same time, she agrees that there are problems in teaching (“conflict does not arise from scratch”), but believes that excluding Tatar from the curriculum is too radical a measure that will lead to interethnic conflict.
A compromise is needed here. Perhaps it is necessary to shorten the Tatar language, leave it obligatory 3 hours a week, like studying the state language. And 3 hours of their native language - Tatars study Tatar, and Russians - Russian, Khamidova suggests.
The activist admits that her children are still of preschool age, and from her own experience she does not know about the problems of teaching languages at school. But he is engaged in tutoring in Russian, Tatar and English, so he has some idea of the advantages and disadvantages of the educational system practiced in Tatarstan.
The Tatar ata-analary group also became popular in a short time, gaining 4121 subscribers in less than a week.
Activity at the expense of the Tatars with an active life position, who have close ties. We know each other well thanks to the same Forum of Tatar Youth, the Min Tatarcha Soilyash projects, and the Salat camp. The creative intelligentsia contributed to the active promotion of the group, says Chulpan Khamidova.
Flashmob with "Alifba"
Among the administrators of the group is Tabris Yarullin, chairman of the World Forum of Tatar Youth. However, he says that he was called to the group, rather, for the formal strengthening of the composition and he has nothing to do with the activities of the moderators.
There are no samples of statements to school leaders demanding to preserve the compulsory study of the Tatar language in the group, the activists are writing petitions. One of the latest is about creating an opportunity to take the Unified State Exam in their native languages. “This applies not only to Tatar, but also to other languages of the peoples of Russia,” notes Khamidova.
The activists are urging to place photos of the textbook "Alifba" as avatars. Photo vk.com
We discuss problems with a lot of people, from teaching a language to updating it, and these problems are obvious. We learn the Tatar language at school, finish school and then Tatar is no longer needed - that is, there are problems with motivation to use it in life. We, as bearers of the Tatar culture, are concerned about the preservation of the Tatar culture and we need to work on it, - says Chulpan Khamidova.
The "Tatar-speaking parents" are not preparing for the upcoming inspection of the prosecutor's office and Rosobrnadzor; they are not engaged in collecting applications and other documents. Among the actions that have become popular on the Web is a flash mob in support of the Tatar language: activists urge to post as avatars a photo of the textbook "Alifba", the student's mouth on the cover of which is taped with duct tape. Or a list of points why learning the Tatar language is necessary and useful, even if it is a non-native language. Parents are also collecting signatures to a letter to Putin, in which they ask him to preserve the study of the Tatar language as the state language; 900 people supported this appeal.
Daria Turtseva
Chairman of the Society of Russian Culture of the Republic of Tatarstan Mikhail Scheglov and Chairman of the Committee for the Protection of the Rights of Russian-Speaking Parents and Students of Tatarstan Eduard Nosov sent an open letter to Russian President Vladimir Putin and the country's Prosecutor General Yuri Chaika following yesterday's meeting of the Republic's State Council.
Recall, on the eve of the head of the Republic of Tatarstan Rustam Minnikhanov and education minister Engel Fattakhov stated that the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation is ready for a compromise and agreed on the obligatory study of the Tatar language in the region in the amount of two hours a week.
"Dear Vladimir Vladimirovich!
We appeal to you with a feeling of deep indignation over the situation in Tatarstan in the course of fulfilling your Orders of August 28, 2017, or rather, their blatant sabotage by the regional authorities.
Moreover, the public behavior of its representatives is openly provocative.
So, on the published video recordings, Rustam Minnikhanov, speaking at today's session of the State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan on the main agenda "On teaching and learning the state languages of the Republic of Tatarstan and the native languages of peoples living in the Republic of Tatarstan", said: "... we have prepared a version, it has been agreed upon in advance with specialists from the Ministry of Education and Science ... I also negotiated with the administration, there is understanding. " R. Minnikhanov also pointed out that the Tatar language will be studied for 2 hours a week as a compulsory subject.
All the regional pro-government media have picked up these words and are already betraying them as a fact of some kind of agreement between the regional government "with Moscow."
Vladimir Vladimirovich, with whom of your officials does the regional authority of the Republic of Tatarstan "negotiate" in order to carry out your instructions in a different sense than they are specifically given?
At the same time, information "stuffing" began on the part of the regional pro-government media and various Tatar national-separatist Internet resources, which are rapidly gaining popularity, openly inciting ethnic hatred towards the "oppressors" of the Tatars.
At the same time, the means of the propaganda poster and hashtags are actively used.
Here are some examples.
# StopLanguage Genocide (with an English-language (!) Analogue), where a young man is depicted in a green skullcap (green is the national Tatar color), a hand pulls out his tongue up so that his head is thrown back strongly, in the other hand there are scissors, and out of the eye a young man in the shape of a Muslim crescent is dripping with a tear.
In another poster, a pathetic-looking boy clutches the Tatar alphabet ("Elifbe") to himself, the boy's mouth is sewn up with threads. It is cynical that the basis for the image of the boy was a poster for the play based on the book of the great educator and humanist Janusz Korczak "King Matt I." The "Tatar" eye shape has been corrected for the boy.
There is an even more emotionally filled and hostile towards the initiators of language changes ("feds", "Russians") poster with an unhappy boy, also with a sewn-up mouth, sitting on books, including "ELIFBA", and the child's hands are tied and tied with sleeves "straitjacket". Above - gnarled hands with the rest of the thread and scissors, and from the alleged owner of the hands, as it were, rays emanate, and in place of the "radiant" the inscription: "SAY" E-E-E "(letters" E "in the Tatar style). above - the image of the coat of arms of Moscow with St. George, killing the serpent.
And, finally, posters with clear calls for disobedience, for the Tatar national revolution, such as the one that depicts the plot of the French Revolution, where a group of children in an organized manner draws on the wall of a house a bright inscription "TATAR TELE" ("Tatar language") above much less striking inscription "PAIX" ("world" - French)
Images of posters are attached.
At the same time, the widest masses of the republic, both Russians and many Tatars, who perceived your instructions as saving their children from the aggressively imposed in exorbitant volumes and according to the terrible methods of teaching the subject "Tatar language", are categorically exposed on all these resources and in the media as haters of the Tatar language and Tatars who want to eradicate this subject from regional education.
This lie is being replicated with great speed and everywhere, although not a single organization or Internet community defending the interests of these parents has ever spoken out in this way, but only advocated the voluntariness of learning the Tatar language in regional education. However, these Russian and Russian-speaking organizations and communities are categorically credited, along with the "federals", as "enemies of the Tatar language and the Tatar people."
At the same time, the image of "heroes-defenders of the Tatar language" is also pedalized.
For example, in numerous editions with the caption "The director of the humanitarian boarding school for gifted children in Aktanysh is ready to join the battle for the Tatar language. Ruzaliya Garipova"a photograph of the director is published with a corresponding caption in large letters in Tatar and the same hashtag #StopLanguageGenocide (with an English-language analogue).
All of the above is an open threat to peace and harmony not only in the region, but in Russia and requires your, Vladimir Vladimirovich, urgent intervention.
In this regard, it is necessary to note the peculiar attitude of the regional leadership to the power structures of federal subordination.
At the aforementioned meeting of the State Council held today, the head of the region Minnikhanov gives instructions to the prosecutor Ildus Nafikov watch out "so as not to kindle", moreover, "both from the one and from the other side." Not only is it simply cynical to equalize the "Russians" and "Tatars" in inciting, but the head of the region regularly calls Nafikov "the prosecutor of the republic", positioning him almost as his subordinate. At the previous meeting, he publicly shamed him for his work in fulfilling your instructions, making transparent hints with State Counselor Shaimiev that it was impossible to work together (“How to work with you further?”).
All responsibility for interethnic relations rests with the head of the region. We consider the policy pursued in the region recently under the leadership of the head of the Republic of Tatarstan Minnikhanov Rustam Nurgaleevich extremely irresponsible.
In view of the above, we ask you to intervene in the situation. "
M.Yu. Shcheglov,
Chairman of the Society of Russian Culture of the Republic of Tatarstan
E.Yu. Nosov,
Chairman of the Committee for the Protection of the Rights of Russian-Speaking Parents and Students of the Republic of Tatarstan
We add that on December 1, the prosecutor's office of Tatarstan must inform the President of Russia about the results of its inspection regarding the observance of the rights of residents of the republic to voluntary study of the Tatar language, which Vladimir Putin announced at the end of August this year.
The Kazan authorities refused to approve a rally in support of the domestic policy of Vladimir Putin, citing the lack of free venues. Thus, the organizers (the Committee of Russian-speaking parents of Tatarstan, the Society of Russian Culture of Tatarstan) will not be able to hold the planned event on December 9, the correspondent of Nakanune.RU reports.
“City officials, having made fun of the initiators of the rally“ Vladimir Putin, we are with you! ”, Refused now on December 9. Having written another nagging letter to the applicant, the official himself dictated to Edward the day before (Edward Nosov, chairman of the Committee of Russian-speaking parents of Tatarstan - Approx. ) - what and how to write in order to pass. The originally proposed site was not rejected in the interim answers, but today it was canceled in violation of the law, and there are no other free sites, writes the same Varakin, in the city for 300 people. mockery of laws and people, "wrote activists in a group on the VKontakte social network. They intend to go to court and challenge the decision of the officials.
Earlier, the organizers planned to hold a rally "in support of the instructions of Russian President Vladimir Putin on" linguistic "issues, his domestic policy and his candidacy for the upcoming presidential elections" on December 2, but three letters came from the executive committee of the Kazan administration with various reasons for refusal. As a result, the chairman of the committee had to reduce the goals of the event to "support for the domestic policy of Vladimir Putin," but then the local authorities found other "clues." In response to the head of the executive committee's staff, Yevgeny Varakin, it is said: “Holding a rally [...] on Freedom Square will entail a violation of the law [on rallies and processions]. Kazan in the period declared by you, allowing to ensure the safety of participants in a public event and other citizens, the coordination of the event is not possible. "
The head of the Society of Russian Culture of Tatarstan, Mikhail Scheglov, confirmed to the journalist of the Daily Storm portal that he and the head of the Committee of Russian-speaking parents of Tatarstan, Edvard Nosov, had not received permission to hold a rally in Kazan in support of the president "Vladimir Putin, we are with you." Representatives of public organizations wanted to devote the event to the fulfillment of the instructions of the head of state on the voluntariness of studying the Tatar language in the republic. Such a check was carried out in Tatarstan by the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation, and according to its results, the State Council of the republic on November 29 canceled compulsory study in educational institutions of the Tatar region. “We are pleased with this decision and would like to express our gratitude to Vladimir Putin, since this was one of the most acute problems for the Russian-speaking population of the republic. We do not understand why we cannot express words of support to the president, ”Shcheglov is indignant, stressing that until recently the leadership of Tatarstan believed that the Tatar language in the republic was more important than the Russian language. It was not only compulsory for study, but surpassed Russian in the number of hours of teaching. According to Shcheglov, he has more than once organized similar public events in Kazan, so it is obvious that the problem is not in the organization, but in the topic announced by public figures. According to the head of the Society of Russian Culture of Tatarstan, the local elites do not support Vladimir Putin enough and therefore do not hold any events related to his name at all.
It should be noted that the activists planned to speak at a rally in support of Putin's candidacy in the 2018 presidential elections.
In July 2017, Vladimir Putin raised the issue of infringement of the rights of the Russian-speaking population with regard to the voluntariness of studying national languages in all republics at a meeting of the Council on Interethnic Relations. In August, the President of Russia instructed the Prosecutor General's Office to conduct an audit in all regions. On November 29, the results of the check were submitted to the Presidential Administration.
The Commission of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation and Rosobrnadzor checks the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tatarstan on the "language" topic
The Ministry of Education and Science of Tatarstan turned out to be the object of verification by the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation and Rosobrnadzor on the "language" topic. The commission "landed" in the department on October 17 and intends to stay here for 10 days. Based on the results of the check, it will become clear whether the rights of citizens to voluntary study of languages are being violated in the republic. The excitement around the topic was fueled by the July statement of Russian President Vladimir Putin, who stated that it was inadmissible to oblige a person to learn a language that was not his native language.
Expected verification
To say that the inspection of Rosobrnadzor for the regional Ministry of Education and Science came as a complete surprise, it would be wrong, if only because before that the parents of Tatarstan schoolchildren literally flooded the prosecutor's office with complaints on the "language topic." In response to this, the regional Ministry of Education and Science then, we recall, gave birth to an "explanation". Appeals to abandon Tatar lessons in the department were called "contrary to the current legislation and misleading." However, the measure turned out to be ineffective, the group "Committee of Russian-speaking parents of Tataria" in "VKontakte" by now has grown to 6.5 thousand participants. In addition to Kazan, similar groups exist in Zelenodolsk, Bugulma, Elabuga ...
In the last paragraph of the "clarification" it was stated that the Tatarstan Prime Minister "made a decision to bring the volumes of Russian language learning from January 1, 2018 to the volumes recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation." Whether the regional Ministry of Education and Science thereby recognizes the fact that there is a preponderance in favor of learning the Tatar language remains unsaid.
Parents point to such an advantage. In their statements, the mothers and fathers of schoolchildren point to the dominance of Russian over Russian in the study schedule of the Tatar language, which is not the native language for their children. The fact that an "audit" in the Ministry of Education and Science is inevitable became clear after Vladimir Putin's instructions to conduct an audit on the issue of observance of the right of citizens to voluntary study of languages. As a result, the observance of this very right is inspected by a commission of two departments at once.
- To be honest, I did not go to check. Yesterday they worked at the ministry all day. Representatives of the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation worked with representatives of Rosobrnadzor. So far we have not officially announced anything. We will most likely hold a press conference on the results of the audit, - said the press secretary of the Ministry of Education and Science Farida Ishmuratova.
As the Deputy Minister of Education and Science of Tatarstan Larisa Sulima told MK-Povolzhye, the work of the commission will last 10 days and will end on October 27.
“I think, as soon as the commission completes its work, you will be informed about all the changes,” she assured.
Did the Tatar-speaking parents not please with the study of the language?
Ekaterina Matveeva, head of the parental initiative group against extortions in schools and kindergartens, is sure that the "language issue" will nevertheless be resolved. The group has at its disposal several dozen almost identical answers received from the Kazan district prosecutor's offices. In almost every letter, the supervisory authority agrees with the position of the parents of schoolchildren and acknowledges the existence of violations.
- Now schools are trying in every possible way to forge documents, to agitate parents so that they subscribe to study the Tatar language, but there are more parents who refuse. Not only Russian-speaking, but also Tatar-speaking parents are unhappy that they teach their children 5-7 hours of Tatar, says Matveeva.
In confirmation of her words, she presents a stack of responses from supervisory authorities. Among the latter is the response of the Prosecutor's Office of the Sovetsky District of Kazan, which demands to exclude the Tatar language from the compulsory school curriculum. The demand was signed by “the district prosecutor M.Kh. Fatykhov ".
“I inform you that the inspection carried out by the district prosecutor’s office to the director of the MBOU“ Gymnasium No. 90 ”was made a submission to eliminate violations of the legislation on education with the requirement to bring the curriculum of the institution in accordance with federal educational standards,” the letter says.
Similar demands, according to Matveyeva, were put forward by representatives of the prosecutor's offices of the Moscow and Vakhitovsky districts of Kazan. In addition, the same prescription was issued in the Vysokogorsk region of the republic.
Bashkir scenario threatens Tatarstan?
Eduard Nosov, chairman of the Committee of Russian-speaking Parents of Tatarstan, believes that the General Prosecutor's Office "will definitely find violations of Russian legislation on the voluntary study of the native languages and state languages of the Republic of Tatarstan."
- I believe that the situation will develop according to the Bashkir scenario: the Prosecutor General's Office will write out an order that the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tatarstan will have to fulfill. Minnikhanov (President of the Republic of Tatarstan - ed.), based on the results of the audit, will have to report to the President of Russia on the measures taken following the results of the audit by the Prosecutor General's Office. Judging by the reaction of the leadership of Tatarstan, namely, complete disagreement with Putin, RT may appeal to the Constitutional Court. This is my guess. The situation with teaching native languages and state languages of Tatarstan will change, - Nosov believes.
According to the interlocutor, the parents will be able to choose a curriculum with "Russian as the language of instruction" based on the results of the check.
- All the "struggle" will go down to the level of schools ... The administration of schools will do everything in their power to prolong the compulsory study of the Tatar language to the detriment of the study of the Russian language. What schools are doing now. Now in the republic they are sabotaging the order of the President of Russia, - he adds.
Is the teaching method the problem?
Farit Zakiev, chairman of the All-Tatar Public Center (VTOTs), agrees with the fact that there is a need to change the teaching method of the "Tatar language" subject in schools. According to him, there are literate and understandable teaching aids for teachers, but for some reason they have been forgotten.
- There is an excellent, sane manual of the professor of KSU Litvinov "Course of the Tatar language". It would be useful for modern teachers as well. He himself was Russian, but he knew the Tatar language perfectly, - says Zakiev.
As regards the existing distribution of hours for studying Russian and Tatar languages, according to Zakiev, everything should be left "as is."
- Tatar is a universal Turkic language, spoken by 350 million people (according to other sources, from 180 million to 250 million people - ed.). But in Tatarstan there is only one state language - Russian. Article 8 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan is, in fact, a fiction. When we put it into practice and civil servants, lawyers, doctors will speak Tatar, then the parents will demand that children be taught the Tatar language, and not in the same form as now, he summed up.
