Type 1 conditional clauses. Conditional clauses of the first type, tense clauses with the conjunction when in English with examples. nd condition type

Conditional clauses are used when we want to make an assumption about what might have happened, what would have happened, and what we would like to have happened. In English, most conditional sentences contain the word if... In many conditional sentences in English, the verb is in one of the past tenses. This use refers to the "unreal past" because we are using the past tense, but we do not imply that something happened in the past. In English, there are five ways to form conditional types of sentences. Each of these types of sentences will always consist of a clause with if and the main proposals. For many negative conditional clauses, there is an equivalent clause using "unless" instead of "if".

Conditional clause type	Use	Verb tense in a clause (if clause)	Verb tense in the main clause
Zero type	Common truths	Simple present	Simple present
Type 1 conditional sentences	Possible condition and likely outcome	Simple present	Simple future tense
Type 2 conditional sentences	Hypothetical condition and possible outcome	Simple past tense	Present conditional or present extended conditional
Type 3 conditional sentences	An unrealistic condition in the past and its possible result in the past
Mixed conditional clauses	An unreal condition in the past and its possible result in the present	Past perfect tense	Conditional perfect tense

Zero condition type

Type zero conditionals are used when we talk about time now or always and the situation real and possible... Type zero is often used when talking about common knowledge. Both parts of this type of sentence will use the simple present. In null conditional clauses, the word "if" can be replaced by the word "when" without changing the meaning.

1st type of condition

Type 1 conditional sentences refer to present or future and express real situation... Type 1 refers to a possible condition and its possible outcome. In these clauses, the if clause is in the simple present tense, and the main clause is in the simple future tense.

2nd type of condition

Type 2 conditional sentences refer to time now or any other time, the situation in such a sentence unreal... Such proposals are not based on facts. The 2nd type of condition refers to a hypothetical condition and its possible result. In type 2 conditional clauses, the if clause is in the simple past tense, and the main clause in the present conditional.

In order to understand the essence of a conditional sentence, or rather clause clause, consider a few examples:

If you win a big money prize or find some treasure, you need to pay tax to the state.	If you win a big cash prize or find a treasure, you need to pay tax to the state.
— I have lost my wallet. It may be somewhere in your house. — OK. I'll phone you if I find it.	- I've lost my wallet. Perhaps he is somewhere in your house. - Good. I'll call you if I find him.
It's raining. If I had an umbrella, I wouldn’t be so wet now.	It's raining. If I had an umbrella, I wouldn't be so damp now.
I didn’t know you were in hospital. If I had known, I would have gone to visit you.	I didn't know you were in the hospital. If I knew, I would come to visit you.
If I had gone to the party last night, I would be sleepy and tired now.	If I went to a party last night, I would be sleepy and tired now.

Conditional Sentence

As you can see from the above examples, a conditional clause is a subordinate clause that expresses the condition under which the action of the main clause is carried out or would be carried out. Such a subordinate clause answers the question ‘under what conditions?’ - “under what conditions?”.

Separation with commas subordinate clauses in Russian and English have significant differences. For conditional subordinate clauses, these differences are manifested in the fact that a comma is separated, mainly a subordinate clause that is in a preposition, that is, one that stands in front of the main one. Whereas the conditional sentence after the main one is not highlighted with commas.

Subordinate clauses of the condition are introduced most often with the help of the union if - "if"... Less common are subordinate conditions with the following unions in the table:

unless	if (not), except that; not yet	I am not going to communicate with her any more unless she apologizes for her behavior.	I'm not going to talk to her anymore, unless she apologizes for her behavior.
providing (that)	provided that	We will organize this journey providing that we get enough money.	We will arrange this trip on the condition that we receive enough money.
provided (that)	provided that	This company will sponsor your event provided that you provide good advertisement for it and its goods.	This company will sponsor your event provided that you provide good advertising for her and her products.
supposing (that)	Let's pretend that; if	Supposing you have enough time to get ready for such a travel , you surely won’t get enough money for it.	Even assuming that you have enough time to prepare for such a trip, you probably do not have enough money for this.
once	once; since; if	Once you have decided to take part in this competition, you should try to win.	Since you have decided to take part in this competition, you must try to win.
in case	if	In case you pass this examination brilliantly , you don’t have to pass any other tests.	If you pass this exam perfectly, you will not have to take other tests.
on condition that	provided that	I will help you on condition that you help me in your turn.	I will help you on the condition that you help me in turn.

All subordinate clauses in English differ in one important grammatical feature - in them not used verbwill and its past tense form would, even if there is an action that will be performed in the future. In this case, the future tense can be used in the main sentence, which will be discussed in more detail below. However, do not forget that the union if is used not only in the meaning of "if", but also in the meaning of "whether" and does not introduce conditional sentences. With the conjunction if meaning "whether" the verb will, like its form would, are used. Let's compare:

In English, several types of conditional sentences are distinguished, depending on the time and reality of the condition described in them.

Zero Conditionals

Such conditional sentences are not often used in speech, since they denote certain well-known truths that are repeated from time to time and are not related to any particular moment in time or an individual incident in life. Such proposals indicate a real condition. In the subordinate clause of the condition in this case, only the use of different tenses of the Present group is permissible, while in the main predicate is used either in or in the imperative mood Imperative :

Present Simple clauseproposal andPrese	Ifyou buy something online you have more chances to save your money.	If you buy something online, then there is a better chance of saving money.
PresentContinuous in the clauseproposal andImperative in the main offer	Try not to speak if you are chewing. It can be hazardous.	Try not to talk if you're chewing. It may be dangerous.
Present perfect in clauseproposal andPresent Simple in the main sentence	You shouldn’t take another task unless you have done the previous one.	You should not take on another task until you have completed the previous one.

Zero Conditionals are used when a sentence is about:

common knowledge	If you leave meat or fish in a warm place, it will go bad.	Leaving meat or fish in a warm place will deteriorate.
scientific facts	If temperature falls under 0º Celsius water turns into ice.	If the temperature drops below 0º Celsius, then the water turns into ice.
rules	Press this button if you want to turn the printer on.	Press this button if you want to turn on the printer.
the obvious consequences of a particular action	If you drive a car without a driving license you surely get problems with the police.	If you drive a car without a driver's license, then you will definitely have problems with the police.
habitual (routine) actions	My granny puts on her glasses if she wants to read or to knit.

A distinctive feature of type zero conditional clauses is the ability to replace the if union with when ("when"):

First Conditionals

One of the most common types of conditionals is First Conditionals. They are characterized by the presence real possibility applicable to a specific situation in the future or present.

If I have time, I will go to the cinema with you.	If I have time, I'll go to the movies with you.
Ann will pass this exam if she gets ready for it.	Ann will pass this exam if she prepares for it.

For the formation of conditional sentences of the first type, the use of Future Simple (will + Infinitive) or Imperative in the main clause and Present Simple in the subordinate clause is characteristic:

Second Conditionals

Along with conditional sentences of the first type, Second Conditionals occupy a leading position in terms of popularity in speech. Such proposals mean unreal possibility

Which would make a certain situation possible in the present or future:

If we didn’t work, we wouldn’t have any money.	If we didn’t work, we wouldn’t have money.
I wouldn’t mind living in England if the weather were better.	I wouldn't mind living in England if the weather was better.

This kind of unrealistic proposal finds its application conditional moodConditional Mood- the form of the verb, formed by adding to the auxiliary verb would (or should, but under the conditions of this topic, it is not of particular interest to us) the infinitive form of the verb (the Infinitive) without the particle to or similar to the tenses of the Past group. Conditional Mood partly corresponds to the Russian subjunctive mood. It shows the attitude of the author of the statement to a particular action, reflecting his personal perception. At the same time, the verb form shows the action not as real, but rather as intended, desirable or possible. The conditional mood finds its application in both simple and complex sentences, but the main area of ​​its application is the conditional clauses:

Looking closely at the examples presented above, it is easy to notice that after the subject in the third person, the singular is used were (for example, ... it were possible). No, this is not a mistake, but a hallmark of the conditional mood - the use of were is acceptable for all persons. If you use was and not were in such a sentence, it will not be a mistake either, but were is more common in unreal sentences.

Let's go back to conditional sentences of the second type. For their formation in the main sentence, the predicate is put in the form would + Infinitive Simple(a simple infinitive is the original form of the verb), and in the main sentence the predicate is in a similar form. Both forms, as we have already seen above, correspond to the conditional mood.

We would need a car if we lived in the country.	We would need a car if we lived in the countryside.
If you didn’t live so far away, we would visit you more often.	If you hadn't lived so far away, we would have visited you more often.

Please note that would often used in an abbreviated form - ‘D, for example:

A striking manifestation of conditional sentences of the second type are character sentences If I were you ... - "If I were you, I would ..."(literally: "If I were you ..."), where were is also used instead of was:

If I were you, I wouldn’t buy these shoes.	If I were you, I wouldn't buy these shoes.
I wouldn’t wait if I were you.	I wouldn't wait if I were you.
If I were your boyfriend, I wouldn’t let you go.	If I was your boyfriend, I wouldn't let you go.

Third Conditionals

This type of conditional clauses serves the expression unrealistic condition related to events in past.

If I had been tired at the party, I would have gone home earlier.	If I was tired at the party, I would have gone home earlier.
He wouldn’t have walked into the tree if he had been looking where he was going.	He wouldn't hit a tree if he watched where he was going.

Since we are talking about actions that have happened, or rather, that have not happened in the past, then the use of perfect forms becomes natural. In this case, the form is used in the subordinate clause (less often), while in the main clause - would + Infinitive Perfect (less often Infinitive Perfect Continuous). For those who are not familiar with the topic in English, we will explain that Infinitive Perfect = have + V 3 (semantic verb in the third form), and Infinitive Perfect Continuous = have been + Ving (semantic verb with the ending -ing).

Mixed Conditionals

Sometimes a sentence combines a condition associated with an action from the past (Third Conditional) in a subordinate clause and its probable consequences for the present or future (Second Conditional) - in this case, they speak of a mixed type of conditional sentences, also called the fourth:

There are several types of conditional sentences in English. In different teaching materials, the number of these types can vary from three to five. We distinguish four such types. In this lesson, we'll look at two types of conditional clauses. Conditional sentences in English, as in Russian, are complex-subordinate sentences. But, based on the translation into Russian, English conditional sentences differ from Russian ones.

Any conditional sentence consists of two parts - conditional and main. The conditional part, as in Russian, is usually expressed using an adverb if/if.

The first type of conditional clauses is called real, because fulfillment of the conditions in these proposals is quite feasible.

Despite the Russian translation, the conditional part of the sentence is expressed only using Present tense (usually Present Simple). And in the main part, the future tense is used.

If you finish your homework, we shall go to the cinema.

In Russian translation, both parts of the sentence will be in the future tense.

If you finish your homework, we'll go to the movies.

In addition to if, such words and phrases are used as: when, as soon as(once), before, until.

When she reads the letter, she will become nervous.
As soon as you are ready, I "ll drive you home.

The conjunction is also used in conditional sentences unless(unless / unless), which can be replaced with if + not(negation). After the union unless the predicate verb is put in the affirmative form, since the conjunction unless already contains a negation.

She will forget about it unless we remind her.
She will forget about it, unless we remind her.
She will forget about it if we don "t remind her.

A subordinate clause, which usually begins with the word if, can appear both at the beginning of a conditional clause (before the main clause), and at the end. If it is at the beginning, then a comma is placed after it. If it is at the end, then no comma is put in front of it.

If you leave now, you "ll catch the train.
You "ll catch the train if you leave now.

Note

In the conditional part, in addition to Present Simple, the following real tenses can be used: Present Continuous and Present Perfect.

If you are looking for troubles, you "ll them.

When you have finished the letter, I "ll post it.
When you finish your letter, I will post it.

In the main part, the structure can be used be going to(see the related lesson), which also indicates the performance of an action in the future; but, most often, Future Simple is used.

If I win in the lottery, I am going to buy a new car.

Negative and interrogative forms

The conditional part of the sentence can have a negative form in accordance with the grammatical tense in which it is located.

If we don "t / can" t find the money, we shall call the police.

The main part of a conditional sentence can also be negative.

When he returns home, I won "t talk to him anymore.

When a conditional sentence is a question, then only the main part of the sentence has the form of a question, while the conditional part can have either a declarative or an interrogative form.

Will you believe me, will you still feed me when I am sixty-four? (The Beatles)

Will she forgive him, if he doesn "t take his words back?

What will happen to us, if we loose?

Answers on questions

Since questions are asked to the main part of the sentence, then the answers are formed in relation to the main part.

Will you go to the picnic next weekend if you have a chance? - Yes, I will / No, I won "t.

What will she do, if she misses the train? - She will take a bus.

Today we will touch on one of the most difficult topics in the English language: "Conditional offers" or Conditional Sentences (from the word condition- condition).

Exists three main types of conditional clauses... They are divided into types depending on:

Probabilities of Action and Their Relationship to Reality
... time to which these actions relate.

Conditional sentences of the first type(First Conditional) are considered to be the simplest type of conditional clauses. This topic is studied at the level pre-intermediate... The action that passes this type of conditional clauses is the present or the future time. it real action, it can happen in the future if the condition is met.

Conditional clauses always consist of two parts (clauses):

1. Conditional part (if-clause), in which there is the word if (if) and a condition is given under which an action-consequence is possible.
2. Consequence or result depending on the condition. This part is called main body(main clause).

The main formula for constructing conditional sentences of the first type:

IF

PRESENT SIMPLE

FUTURE SIMPLE

This is the simplest construction that all students are familiar with when they first encounter First Conditional. However, despite its simplicity, First Conditional has a number of variations: the formula can change. Moreover, changes can occur in both parts of the conditional sentence. In the process of studying at different levels, more and more options for First Conditional are given. Let's consider these options for each part of the conditional sentence.

The conditional part (If-clause).

First of all, remember that in conditional part(after if) never future tense is not used... In other words, will never not put after if.

In the conditional part of conditional sentences of the first type, the following tenses and structures can be used:

• Present simple
• Present continuous
• Present perfect
• Be going to
• Should + bare infinitive / happen to

Let's consider each option with examples. In the main part of the sentences, we will use Future Simple.

PRESENT SIMPLE

FUTURE SIMPLE

Present Simple in the conditional part conveys future action and is translated into Russian in the future tense.

If the weather is fine, we will go for a walk. - If the weather is good, we will go for a walk.

If I get this job, I will earn a lot of money... - If I get this job, I will make a lot of money.

If I go to London, I will see the Tower of London. - If I go to London, I will visit the Tower of London.

If you don’t hurry, we will miss

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

FUTURE SIMPLE

Present Continuous is used when it comes to an action taking place at the moment of speech, "right now" or is planned action in the future.

If you are watching TV, I will soon join you. - If you watch TV, I will join you soon. (The action takes place at the time of speech).

If he is having a meeting at the moment, I will call him later. - If he's in a meeting now, I'll call you back later. (The action takes place at the time of speech).

If they are going to Africa, they must have all the injections. - If they go to Africa, they have to get all the vaccinations. (Future planned action).

PRESENT PERFECT

FUTURE SIMPLE

Present Perfect should be used to indicate completeness of action or his (visible) result in the future... The action expressed by the main part will occur if the condition is met to the end and a certain result is obtained:

If I have finished the cleaning by 6 o'clock, I'll go to the cinema. - If I finish cleaning by six o'clock, then I will go to the cinema.

If she has passed her test, she’ll enter a university. “If she passes the test, she will go to university.

BE GOING TO

FUTURE SIMPLE

In the conditional part, they use the construction be going to in the meaning "Intend / about to do something":

If you are going to live abroad, you will have to learn the language. - If you intend to live in another country, you will have to learn the language.

If he is going to drop his studies, he will not get his certificate. - If he is going to miss classes, then he will not receive a certificate.

SHOULD + bare infinitive HAPPEN TO

FUTURE SIMPLE

Should is a modal verb, so it is followed by an infinitive without a particle to which is usually used after most modal verbs. Should in the conditional part indicates that the action unlikely, but still theoretically possible... The verb happen (to do something) in the conditional part has a similar meaning. This construction is translated into Russian by the phrase "If suddenly...":

If she should call/ happens to call, he "ll tell her everything. - If suddenly she calls, he will tell her everything.

If I should win/ happen to win the lottery, I'll make a world tour. - If suddenly I win the lottery, I will go on a trip around the world.

The main part (Main Clause).

In the main part you can use:

• Future simple
• Imperative
• Modal verbs
• Present simple
• Be going to

We will not dwell on Future Simple in detail, since this time is present in all the examples given above in this article. Let's consider the rest of the options. In the conditional part, we will give Present Simple.

PRESENT SIMPLE

IMPERATIVE

The imperative mood of the verb. Simply put, just a verb, no particle to: Read! (Read!), Repeat after me! (Repeat after me!).

This conditional sentence structure is used to:

Give instruction or direction

If you feel tired, go to bed. - If you are tired, go to sleep.
If he calls, ask him this question. - If he calls, ask him this question.

. give a permission

If they pay for the season ticket, they can attend the training every day. “If they buy a membership, they can train every day.

PRESENT SIMPLE

MODAL VERB + BARE INFINITIVE

In the main part of the first type of conditional clauses, modal verbs: can, may, must, should and others. Such sentences can have different functions, depending on the function of the modal verb: ability, permission, prohibition, advice, must, necessity etc.

If you know English, you can understand him. - If you know English, you can understand it. (Ability / ability).

If you lend me your dress, you can take my blouse. “If you lend me your dress, you can take my blouse. (Permission / permission).

If you tidy your room, you may come with your friends. “If you clean your room, you can go with your friends. (Permission / permission).

If she is an entrepreneur, she must pay the tax. - If she is an entrepreneur, then she must pay tax. (Obligation).

If he has a toothache, he should see a dentist. - If he has a toothache, he should go to the dentist. (Advice / advice).

PRESENT SIMPLE

PRESENT SIMPLE

Some reference books distinguish this construction into a separate type of conditional sentences: "Zero Conditional". Others disagree and define this option in First Conditional.

One way or another, such a conditional clause is used when we are talking about the laws of nature or other unchanging actions (Laws of nature, general truth):

If you heat water, it boils at 100 ° C. - If you heat water, it boils at 100 °.

In addition, Present Simple in both parts is used when talking about familiar situations that usually occur in real life:

If I stay up late, I feel sleepy the whole day after. “If I stay up late, I’m sleepy all day after that.”

When the weather is nasty, he usually stays at home. - When the weather is bad, he usually stays at home.

PRESENT SIMPLE

BE GOING TO

This conditional sentence structure is used when it is important to emphasize inevitability of a certain result:

If they continue arguing so heatedly, they are going to fight. “If they continue to argue so hotly, they will fight.

If we don’t ask somebody for the directions, we are going to get lost. - If we do not know the way from someone, then we will be lost.

Difference between IF and WHEN.

In the conditional part, not only the word IF (if), but also WHEN (when) can be used. Let's take a look at the situation.

Your friend has a birthday. He hasn't invited you yet, but chances are he will call you. You haven't bought your gift yet. You can say:

In the first example, you are not sure if you will receive an invitation, there is a possibility that you will not be called, so you are in no rush to buy a gift. In the second sentence, you know that sooner or later a friend will invite you, and when this happens, you will purchase a present for him. It's a matter of time.

Let's look at a couple more examples:

If you reach the summit of this mountain, we will be proud of you. “If you make it to the top of this mountain, we will be proud of you. (Chances are they won't get there).

When you reach the corner of the street, you’ll see my house. “When you get to the corner of the street, you will see my house. (It's a matter of time, 99.9% chance you will get to the corner).

Using UNLESS and other words that replace IF.

It is also necessary to consider the word unless, which is used along with if in the conditional part of sentences of the first type. Unless has negative meaning, this is the same as if not. Let's recall the example given at the beginning of the article:

If you don 'thurry, we willmiss the train. “If you don’t hurry, we’ll miss the train.”

This sentence can be rephrased using unless:

Unless you hurry, we willmiss the train. “If you don’t hurry, we’ll miss the train.”

Note that when in the conditional part has already unless, the negative particle not not put since unless already contains a negative value:

Unless you apologize to her, she won’t forgive you. “If you don’t apologize to her, she won’t forgive you.

Unless he comes in time, the meeting will be started without him. - If he does not come on time, the meeting will begin without him.

You can also use the words provided (that), providing and as long as in the conditional part. All these words replace if and have a similar translation: if; provided that; If only; in case if:

Provided that you don’t make noise, father will allow you to play in the garden. “As long as you don’t make any noise, Dad will let you play in the garden.”

I will tell you everything aslongas you keep it secret. “I’ll tell you everything, provided that you keep it a secret.

Punctuation in conditional sentences.

And one more important aspect of conditional clauses - comma... In Russian, we usually separate parts of a complex sentence with a comma, regardless of which part comes first: conditional or main. It's different in English. If you looked closely at the examples, then you may have noticed that in all the sentences the conditional part comes first and is separated by a comma.

But if we swap the parts, then there will be no comma, because if if stands in the middle of a sentence then in front of him no comma:

If he calls, tell him the news. “If he calls, give him the news.

Tell him the news if he calls. - Give him the news if he calls.

As you can see, the value does not change from changing the places of the "terms", but the comma disappears.

Let's summarize everything that has been said.

Conditional sentences consist of two parts, one of which expresses condition(conditional part) and the other is action dependent on this condition(main part).

In the conditional and main part, it is possible to use forms of different tenses and some constructions and verbs, and each option has its own meaning and function:

Conditional part (if-clause)		Main clause
IF WHEN UNLESS PROVIDED (THAT) PROVIDING AS LONG AS	PRESENT SIMPLE, PRESENT CONTINUOUS, PRESENT PERFECT, TO BE GOING TO	FUTURE SIMPLE IMPRERATIVE MODAL VERB + bare infinitive TO BE GOING TO
IF	SHOULD + bare infinitive, HAPPEN TO

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And again we present to your attention another article in the series "English Grammar for Beginners". In our materials, we explain all the rules in simple words without complex terms, so that beginners to learn the language "from scratch" or people who do not remember the basics of English, could understand grammar and apply it in practice.

If you don’t eat, you get hungry. - If you are do not eat, you get hungry.

Denial can also be the result, for example:

If you drink a lot of water, you don’t get thirsty. - If you drink a lot of water, you does not torment thirst.

The first type of conditional clauses

The first type of conditional clauses we use when talking about a real situation in the future... If the condition is met, then we can get result.

Such a proposal is being built according to a simple scheme:

When it is hot, we will go to the beach. - When it will be hot (condition) we let's go to to the beach (result).
If I get salary, I ’Ll buy a jacket. - If I am get salary i buy jacket.

Please note: in spite of the fact that we translate both parts into Russian in the future tense, the part with if / when never uses will.

Here is an example of the formation of such a sentence with the verb to be in the second part:

If I pass my exams successfully, I will be an A-student. - If I am rent my exams are successful, I will excellent student.

We build negative sentences on the same principle as in conditional sentences of the zero type.

If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the beach. - If will not rain, we'll go to the beach.
If it rains, we will not (= won’t) go to the beach. - If it rains, we will not go to the beach.

Comparison of the zero and the first type of conditional clauses

The conditional clauses of the zero and the first types have a common property: we can safely swap the parts of the clause (condition and result), the meaning will not change, but in this case you no longer need to put a comma in the clause before if or when.

If you touch fire, you get burned. “If you touch the fire, you will burn yourself. = You get burned if you touch fire. “You will burn yourself if you touch the fire.
If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the beach. “If it doesn't rain, we'll go to the beach. = We will go to the beach if it doesn’t rain. - We'll go to the beach if it doesn't rain.

What is the difference between these types of offers? The type zero conditional tells us that we we will always get the specified result: if you touch the fire, you will definitely get burned. We accept it as a fact, a law of nature, a truth.

The conditional of the first type does not give us a guarantee of the result, but considers the situation, which is highly likely to occur in the future, if the condition from the first part of the sentence is fulfilled... “If it doesn't rain, we’ll go to the beach” is not a common truth, not a scientific fact: next time we can go to a movie or another place.

So, you have mastered the zero and the first type of conditional sentences, it remains only to pass our test and make sure that you understand this topic well.

Test for the use of conditional sentences of the zero and first types

Adverbs in English

An adverb is a part of speech that characterizes a predicate in Russian and English, for example:

He eats (how?) quickly.
I opened the window (how?) slowly.

In English, most adverbs are formed by the formula: adjective + suffix -ly.

slow - slowly
quiet - quietly

However, not all adverbs are formed in this way, so be sure to check with the dictionary if you are not sure about a particular word. In dictionaries, an adverb will be marked as adv./adverb (adverb) and an adjective as adj./adjective (adjective). Here are examples of adverbs that are not formed according to the basic rule:

good - well
fast (fast) - fast (fast)
early (early) - early (early)

We want to pay special attention to adverbs of frequency, because they are used in already familiar tenses, for example Present Simple. First, let's figure out which words refer to such adverbs:

• always - always;
• usually - usually;
• often - often;
• sometimes - sometimes;
• ever - ever;
• never - never;
• rarely - rarely;
• seldom - rarely
• also - also;
• just - just, just;
• already - already.

Now let's see where to put an adverb in a sentence. So, adverbs usually stand:

1. Before a semantic verb.

   He seldom eats bananas. - He rarely eating bananas.
   Do you often walk to work? - You often do you walk to work?
   Will you always eat my chocolates? - You always will you eat my chocolates?

2. After the verb to be, if there is one in the sentence.

   He isn’t often angry. - He is not often angry.
   We are never sad at Christmas. - We never don't be sad at Christmas.

3. Between two verbs (auxiliary or modal + semantic).

   I don’t often play football. - I do not often I play football. (I don't play football often.)
   They should often visit us. - They should often visit us.
   She can sometimes get up early. - She sometimes can get up early.
   I will never tell him your secret. - I AM never I will not tell him your secret.

   To better remember this rule, let's remember Whitney Houston's song I Will Always Love You.

4. At the beginning of a sentence.

   Sometimes I read papers. - Sometimes I read newspapers.
   Usually I play tennis twice a week. - Usually I play tennis twice a week.

Attention! Adverbs always, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never, according to the classical rules of grammar, cannot be placed at the beginning of a sentence.

Test for the use of adverbs in English

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