The 10th day of the month of Muharram is the celebration of the Day of Ashura. This memorable date is also called the Day of Remembrance of the Prophets, since on this day, according to various legends, several events occurred with the great prophets Nuh and Musa (peace be upon them). On this day, Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham), peace be upon him, was born, and later saved by the Almighty from fire. Prophet? Isa (Jesus), peace be upon him, was taken up to heaven.
Muslim New Year - Al Hijara
The month of Muharram has a special meaning in the life of Muslims. Since 1
muharram is the new year according to the lunar calendar, this month
considered sacred. In the month of Muharram, when the Prophet Muhammad was not yet
had a sufficient number of followers, he had to commit
the famous migration (Ar. Hijra) from Mecca to Medina (Yathrib), along with
family and loved ones. This date is July 15 (16), 622 Gregorian
calendar - is considered the beginning of the Muslim era and therefore the month
Muharram is so revered by Muslims.
Virtues of the Day of Ashura January 6 (Date for 2009)
Ashura Day is celebrated this year on January 7th.
The 10th day of the month of Muharram is the Day of Ashura. On this day, according to the Qur'an,
account for the creation of Heaven, Earth, angels, the first man - Adam.
Doomsday (apocalypse, end of the world) will also come on the day
Ashura.
On the day of Ashura, Adam's migration to Paradise and the acceptance from him
repentance after sin. On this memorable day, in various historical
era, Allah showed ten blessings to ten prophets (ship of Nuh (Noah)
moored to Mount Judi after the Flood, the prophet Ibrahim was born, ascended
to heaven the prophets Isa and Idris, the prophet Ibrahim was saved from the fire of the pagans,
Musa and his followers escaped the persecution of the pharaoh, etc.).
Ashura is celebrated by observing a 2 or 3 day fast (9th-10th,
10th-11th or 9th-11th of the month of Muharram). The fast on the day of Ashura was
adopted by Muhammad after his move from Mecca to Medina. Later when
obligatory fasting in Ramadan was established, fasting on the day of Ashura became
voluntary, but desirable among Sunni Muslims.
For Shia Muslims, this post is obligatory, since the day of Ashura coincided with
the main date of the Shiite religious calendar is the day of commemoration of the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, Imam al-Hussein ibn Ali (626 - 680), who on this day died the death of a martyr (fighter for the faith).
In Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Ashura Day is a traditional folk holiday, fasting is optional. better…
Muslim holiday Ashura. Muslim holidays
Happy Ashura Day!
Samples of Turkish cuisine. Ashura
Cooking
Wash wheat, peas, beans and rice. Soak beans and peas in water for 200 gr. per day, rice with two glasses of water. Boil the crushed wheat until the starch comes out. If necessary, simmer the peas in a flat saucepan. Wash dried fruits and keep in 1.5 glass of water for 2 hours. Mix cooked foods and fruits and cook for 15 minutes. Peel the orange, cut the peel into 3-4 cm long, orange
cut into 4 - 5 slices and add to the cooked mass along with the peel and cook for 5 minutes, add sugar, cook for another 1 - 2 minutes and turn off the oven. Add rose water, stir and put on a plate, top with nuts and pomegranate.
Ashura
Ashure is a very ancient recipe, according to legend, Noah's wife prepared it from the remains of food on the ark, so when cooking, you can put any fruits and nuts in the dish. It is a popular dessert in Turkey.
Wheat - 1 cup
Beans - half a glass
Chickpeas - half a glass
Sugar - about 1.5 cups
Dried apricots - about 10 pieces
Dried figs - about 4-5 pieces
Walnut, raisins - to taste, about a handful
Rice - 2 tablespoons
Fruits - optionally finely chopped orange, apple, banana
For decoration - all kinds of nuts, pomegranate seeds, pistachios, cinnamon
Wheat should be poured with water, boiled and left overnight. Also soak beans and chickpeas overnight (all in separate saucepans). The next day, cook wheat (with an open lid), beans and chickpeas also in different pots, the beans will cook in about 1.5 hours, for chickpeas and wheat you need more, 2.5 - 3 hours. If necessary, add hot water. After about 2.5 hours, the chickpeas will be ready, and at this time we put rice into the wheat, mix, after 20 minutes we put the chickpeas and beans (they should become soft, even if they are digested), mix, add finely chopped dried apricots, dry figs, raisins , mix and let it gurgle quietly for another 15 minutes. Then add sugar, finely chopped fruits (apple, orange, half a banana, mulberry), walnut, barberry, let cook for another 5 minutes. Sugar and consistency can be varied according to your taste, in Turkey ashure is usually made moderately sweet, not cloying and of medium consistency, that is, like a watery porridge, neither dry, but not very liquid either. Ready. Now let it cool down. When it cools down, pour the ashure into molds and now decorate - you can put all kinds of nuts that you like, pomegranate seeds, cinnamon, coconut flakes, in general, everything that you think is suitable. We serve on the table.
موقع عدم الإستقرار - Day of ‘Ashura
Copy of post from LiveJournal
Entry tags: islam q&a, Ibn Baz, Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn al-‘Uthaymeen, al-Munajjid, an-Nawawi, time, worship (‘ibadah), fiqh, hadith Day of Ashura
Question #10263: How can we know when the Day is coming ‘Ashura this year?
How should we fast the Day of Ashura this year? We still do not know when the month came and how many days were in Dhu-l-Hijj - twenty-nine or thirty. How can we now determine the Day of Ashura and fast?
Answer:
All praise belongs to Allah!
If we don't know what the month was like Dhu-l-Hijja- full (30 days) or defective (29 days), - and no one informed us about the fact of observing the appearance of the moon of the month Muharram, when this was the case, then in that case we follow the basis ( asl), according to which the month ends at the end of thirty days. Then, proceeding from this, we calculate the Day ‘Ashura.
If a Muslim wishes to conscientiously observe fasting on the Day of ‘Ashura, so as to be firmly convinced [of excluding the possibility of his skipping], then he should fast two consecutive days, counting them as the expected numbers of the Day ‘Ashura, based on the ratio to the twenty-nine and thirty-day month Dhu-l-Hijja. In this case, he will surely catch the Day ‘Ashura, and regardless of whether he fasts on the ninth and tenth, or on the tenth and eleventh, in both cases good will befall him ( tayib). If, in addition to this, he wants not to miss the Day Tasu'a(9th day Muharram), then we say to him: Fast continuously for two days in the above order, plus one more day before them. Here also, no matter what days he fasts - on the 8th, 9th and 10th, or on the 9th, 10th and 11th - in both cases he will undoubtedly find the ninth and tenth day.
If someone says: “The conditions of my work and other circumstances do not allow me to fast for more than one day, then on what day should I fast?” - then we will answer him: Define Dhu-l-Hijju as a thirty-day month, then count the tenth day from it and keep fasting in it.
This is a summary of what I heard from our Sheikh ‘Abdel-‘Aziz b. ‘Abd Allah b. Base(may Allah have mercy on him!) when he addressed him with a similar question.
If news comes from a trustworthy Muslim about the appointment of the beginning of the month Muharram in accordance with the observation of the appearance of the moon, then we act in accordance with this news.
In general, fasting on any day of the month Muharram is Sunnah because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) said: “After fasting in the month of Ramadan, the most worthy is fasting in the month of Allah Muharram!” (Muslim, № 1163).
Allah knows best!
Sheikh Muhammad Salih al-Munajjid
Question #21776: Religious legal opinion ( khukm) highlighting the day ‘Ashura for post.
Can I fast only on the Day of ‘Ashura’ without fasting on the day before it (Day of Tasu’a) or the day after it?
Answer:
All praise belongs to Allah!
Sheikh ul-Islam said: "Lent of the Day ‘Ashura serves as an atonement for the whole year, and its allocation is not condemned ... "
"al-Fatawa al-kubra", T. 5.
Ibn Hajar al-Haytami in "tukhfat al-muhtaj" writes: "As for the Day ‘Ashura, there is nothing wrong with isolating it."
Vol. 3, Chapter: Additional posts.
The Permanent Commission gave the following answer to this question:
“It is allowed to fast only on one day ‘Ashura, however, it is most preferable to fast also the day preceding it, or the day after it. This is Sunnah, authentically reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) in hadith: “If I live to see the next [of the year ]I will fast on the ninth day!” (Muslim, № 1134). Ibn Abbas(may Allah be pleased with him and his father!) said: “That is, along with the tenth” ... And only Allah provides assistance!
Permanent Commission on Fatwas and Studies, 11 / 401.
Question #21785: The Desirability of Fasting on the Day Tasu'a along with the day ‘Ashura.
I have a desire this year to fast on the Day of ‘Ashura’, and some people have informed me that it is Sunnah to fast along with the Day of ‘Ashura’ also the day before it (the Day of Ta c uh). Is it reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him!) pointed this out?
Answer:
All praise belongs to Allah!
It is reported that ‘Abd Allah b. ‘Abbas(may Allah be pleased with him and his father!) said: “When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him!) fasted on the Day ‘Ashura and ordered us to fast, they said to him: “O Messenger of Allah, but this Day is also revered by Jews and Christians.” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) said: “Next year, if Allah wills, we will fast for the ninth day!” However, the next year had not yet come, when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him!) passed away ”( Muslim, № 1916).
Ash-Shafi'i, his followers, also Ahmad, Ishaq and others said that it is desirable to fast on the ninth and tenth together, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) fasted on the tenth and was going to fast on the ninth as well.
Accordingly, post ‘Ashura has different degrees of merit. The least of them is when they fast only on that day. A degree higher is the observance of fasting on the ninth day together with the Day ‘Ashura. All fasting increases in a month Muharram more worthy and blissful.
If you are interested in wisdom hikmat) observing the fast on the ninth day together with the tenth, then the answer will be:
An-Nawawi
“Scholars, both our comrades and others, have mentioned that the wisdom of the desirability of fasting on the Day Tasu'a driven by the following goals:
The first purpose was to distinguish [us] from the Jews, who limit themselves to only the tenth number. Reports about it Ibn Abbas…
The second goal was to connect [fasting] Day ‘Ashura with fasting [of another day], as in the case of the prohibition of fasting only on Friday [, without additional fasting on the day before Friday, or on the day after it] ...
The third goal was not to miss the post on the tenth, with poor visibility of the moon [of the month Muharram], and its misidentification, [which allows for the possibility of] assigning the ninth to a day that will actually be the tenth” (end of quote).
The most weighty of these categories is the difference from the People of the Book. Sheikh ul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah(may Allah have mercy on him!) said: “The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) Forbade the assimilation of people of the Book ( tashabbuh bi-ahli-l-kitab) a lot hadith, among them ... about the Day ‘Ashura: “If I live to see the next [of the year ]then I will fast the ninth day.” ».
"al-Fatawa al-kubra", T. 6.
In the comments to hadith "If I live to see the next…»
, Ibn Hajar(may Allah have mercy on him!) writes: “The fact that he was going to fast on the ninth day does not mean that he was going to limit himself to this, on the contrary, he was going to combine this fast with the fast on the tenth day. This could be because he was afraid of missing the actual onset of the tenth, or he decided to do so in order to break with the [custom] of the Jews and Christians. The most correct, of course, is the latter, since some rivyats(messages) Muslimah».
"Fath al-Bari", 4 / 245.
Question #21787: Fasting ‘Ashura those who are in debt Ramadan.
I have a debt fast of Ramadan on me and I want to fast on the Day of Ashura. Am I allowed to observe the fast of ‘Ashura without fulfilling my debt? May I fast on the Day of Ashura and the eleventh day of the month of Muharram with the intention of fulfilling a debt fast, and will I receive a reward for fasting Ashura?
Answer:
All praise belongs to Allah!
First: he does not observe additional posts, on whom there are one or more promissory posts Ramadan. He starts by replenishing debt posts Ramadan, and after fulfilling all his obligations, he observes additional fasts.
Second: a person is allowed to fast on the 10th and 11th of the month Muharram with the intention of fulfilling the obligations that were assigned to him due to his failure to fast in the month Ramadan. This will be the redemption of his two days of debt. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) said: "Indeed, things [evaluated ] according to intentions, and verily, to every man [will only get ]what did he intend [gain ]!»
"Fatawa al-Lajna ad-Daima", 11 / 401.
"It is hoped that you will receive a share for the restoration and a share of this day's fast."
"Fatawa manar al-Islam" of the SheikhMuhammad b. ‘Usaymina(may Allah have mercy on him!), 2/358.
Question #21819: Will he get rewarded for posting ‘ Ashura one whose intention to fast has already arisen during that day?
I am aware of the virtue of fasting on the Day of Ashura, that it serves as an expiation for the year preceding it. However, due to the fact that we use the Gregorian calendar, I only learned about the coming of the Day of ‘Ashura when it had already arrived, but I did not eat anything that day and made the intention to fast during the day. Will my post be correct? Will the dignity of this day come to me, in the form of redemption for the previous year?
Answer:
All praise belongs to Allah!
Praise be to Allah for placing your desire to perform additional worship! We ask Allah to reward us and you for this!
You raised the question of whether it is necessary to make a decision to fast on the night of the corresponding day. From the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) An indication is transmitted of the legitimacy of the intention to comply additional fasts, which is done on the day of the fast itself, provided that a person does not commit actions that violate the fast in the morning of the corresponding day. In particular, ‘Aisha(may Allah be pleased with her!) narrated: One day, going to his wives, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) asked:
- Do you have anything
[eat
]?
- No ... - the wives answered.
- Well, in that case
(izan)I will fast!
- said the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!).
Muslim, № 1154 (170).
Word "izan"(in such a case; under such circumstances) indicates the present tense ( zaman al-khadir), and this proves that the intention to observe an additional fast can be made during the very day of fasting. As for the obligatory fast, it will be valid only if the intention arises at night. According to hadith: “Whoever does not intend to fast before dawn will not have a fast!”
Abu Daoud(No. 2454) and at-Tirmizi(№ 726). Al-Albani called it reliable "sahih al-jami'" (№ 6535).
In that hadith speaks of obligatory fasting.
Accordingly, your post is correct. As for receiving a reward for fasting, then the question already arises, will a person receive a reward for the entire day of fasting, or only for what he observed from the moment the intention arose? sheikhal-‘ Usaymin(may Allah have mercy on him!) said:
“Scientists have two opinions about this. According to the first opinion, he is rewarded from the beginning of the day, since according to Shari'ah fasting begins at the beginning of the day.
According to the second, the reward for fasting will take place only from the moment of expressing a desire to keep it. So, if a person’s intention to fast arises only by noon, then he will receive a reward for half a day of fasting. This opinion is correct, as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!) said: "Indeed, things [evaluated ]intentionally, and verily, every man [get only what ] he intended [gain ]!» And since such a person had no intention of fasting until a certain time of the day, his reward will be calculated from the moment he makes this decision.
Based on the prevailing opinion, if fasting were associated with such days as Monday, Thursday, white days ( "ayam al-bid" on the 13th, 14th and 15th of each month) or three days of each month, and a person's intention would arise during one of these days, then verily, he will not receive the specific reward of the corresponding day.
"Sharh al-mumti’ » , 6 / 373.
This rule applies to those who have decided to fast ‘Ashura after the appearance of dawn. He will not be rewarded by fasting ‘Ashura, in the form of an expiation for the whole year, because it cannot be said that he fasted the whole day ‘Ashura, since he fasted only part of it - from the moment the decision was made. However, he will receive the total reward of fasting in the month of Allah Muharram, "who is most worthy to fast after Ramadan" (Muslim, № 1163).
It is likely that one of the main reasons why you, and many other people, do not know in advance about the coming of the Day ‘Ashura- and white days - is, as you already mentioned, the use of the Gregorian calendar. It is possible that omissions of this kind of merit will encourage you and all whom Allah has blessed with right guidance to use the lunar calendar. hijri- the one that Allah has legitimized for His slaves and approved for His Religion. It is necessary to use it at least on the scale of personal affairs and relationships with each other, in order to revive this calendar and what we mentioned along with it, when considering various Shari'ah questions, and also in order to differ from the people of the Scripture from whom we are commanded to differ, in order not to resemble them in their customs and in the features that characterize them, but mainly because the lunar calendar was used by former peoples - the compatriots of the Prophets, which can understand from hadith explaining the reason the Jews fasted on the Day ‘Ashura, - and this is the day, determined by calculating the lunar months. [The Jews said] that this is the day on which Allah saved Musu, which proves that they used the lunar calendar and not the European solar one.
"Sharh al-Mumti'", 6 / 471.
Perhaps Allah will turn to good those omissions of specific rewards that you and those who share your enthusiasm have made. We ask Allah to endow us with His mercy and reward, and help us to remember Him and give thanks!
In the Muslim calendar, Ashura Day falls on the tenth day of the holy month of Muharram. On the tenth day, Adam repented of his mistake, and the Almighty accepted his repentance. On the Day of Ashura, Allah saved the Prophet Musa and also killed the pharaoh and his army. In addition, this is a day of mourning for Hussein, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, who died in torment. Prior to the obligatory observance of fasting in the month of Ramadan, the day of Ashura was also marked by strict fasting. But then it began to be regarded as desirable, but voluntary.
The festival itself begins at sunset on the previous day. The Islamic calendar is lunar and the Gregorian calendar is solar. Therefore, the date of the celebration of the Day of Ashura, which is constant in the Islamic calendar and equates to national public holidays in most Muslim countries, in the Gregorian shifts every year by about 11 days. In addition, it may vary somewhat from country to country, as some of them take into account only astronomical calculations, and some - actual observations of the moon.
Congratulations on Ashura Day
I wish you warmth from the bottom of my heart.
On the tenth day of Muharram,
We remember Adam.
On this Muslim holiday
May the Koran keep the people.
Despite the strict post
This day is not very easy.
Congratulations to him today
We wish kindness in our hearts.
The tenth day of Muharram has come,
On this day, Adam was born.
Everything from Heaven to Earth appeared.
Remember this day, remember you!
Remember every prophet, don't forget
They have come a long way for us!
May you, my friend, be the happiest of all,
May you be successful in all your endeavors.
On the Day of Ashura, I wish to truly honor the messengers of Allah and be able to cleanse the soul of dark thoughts. May there be no slander, sinful misconduct, unkind deeds and vile thoughts in your life. I wish health to you and your loved ones, I wish Allah to cover your house with a veil of grace and love.
Happy Ashura Day, the day of glorious creations,
With the first man on earth
Happy Heaven and winged angels day,
Happy Day of salvation from the Flood in rainwater.
I wish you peace and faith,
Strong faith in the best, in good,
Do not touch you, neither tears nor loss,
Neither trouble nor true evil.
In the holy month of Muharram
Muslims will fast.
On this day, a miracle happened -
The heavens appeared
Angels, dear earth,
Mountains, stars - all beauty.
Many memorable events
On this day it happened
On this day we wish in the house
Happiness, the hearth is warm!
We congratulate Muslims
Happy Ashura Day,
Let happiness come to everyone
And success will not be superfluous,
Strict fasting is on now
It's so important to keep it
Whoever endures it
Be strong and brave!
The month of Muharram is here.
What does the Quran say about Muharram?
There is one special day in Muharram,
This is the day of Ashura, the day in honor of the prophets.
On this day the earth and heaven were created,
And Adam saw the light - what miracles!
Day of Ashura, which takes place in the month of Muharram,
A very important, very valuable day for Muslims!
Let a strict fast cleanse
Soul and figure.
Let's remember the glorious prophets
On the day of great Ashura.
On this holiday I wish
Your kind is good.
Enough for the needy
Warmth to you.
Let faith be protection
You from troubles and from adversity.
Day Ten of Muharram
May happiness bring you.
The day of Ashura has come
Allah has blessed us
For good deeds
To make life bright.
On this day, Hussein died,
We all remember this
This day is not easy at all.
Let's keep a three-day fast.
Allow me to wish
You are good, and do not know troubles,
Peace in the house and warmth,
So that things go well!
Ashur is a great holiday, and everyone knows it
Tenth day of Muharram, holy great hour,
We pray to Allah, the holiday is very important for us,
On that day God created the Earth and Heaven for us.
We also remember the great prophet,
And the grandson of Muhammad, Hussein ibn Ali,
He died for faith, by the will of evil fate,
For this glorious feat, we must all pray.
Rejoice, faithful, let us celebrate the day of Ashura,
To those honors and glory who managed to keep the post,
Let's glorify Muslim, great culture,
Praying for prosperity, and cherishing the world.
Ashura Day in Islam is a Muslim holiday that has been celebrated for several centuries. Believers observe special rules, many adhere to fasting on the Day of Ashura.
When does Ashura Day start in 2019?
It falls on the tenth day of the month of Muharram. The very name of the holiday comes from the Arabic word "ashara" - ten. In 2019 Ashura Day falls on September 9th.
History and traditions of Ashura Day
Let's talk about the history and traditions of the holiday. Ashura Day in Islam is a day of mourning observed by many adherents of this religion. On this day, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad - Hussein (626-680), his brother Abbas and 70 of their supporters died.
In memory of their martyrdom, the Shiites perform annual mourning ceremonies (taziya) on the Day of Ashura. They are held in many countries: Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Iran, Lebanon, Pakistan, Iran, etc.
Processions pass to the accompaniment of orchestras playing sad melodies. In Iran, Iraq and other states, street performances are organized, during which some participants in the processions strike with chains and daggers, beat themselves in the chest with their fists.
Shia Muslims observe mourning in memory of the martyrdom of Hussein for the first ten days of the month, and also conduct various religious rites throughout the month.
On the day of Ashura, believers also remember that on the tenth day of the month of Muharram, Adam repented of his mistake, and the Almighty accepted his repentance.
Fasting on the Day of Ashura
Many Muslims fast on the Day of Ashura. This tradition has a long history. According to legend, the prophet Muhammad, having arrived in Medina, learned that the Jews were fasting on that day in memory of the salvation of the prophet Musa (Moses) and the sons of Israel from the army of the Egyptian Pharaoh (Firaun).
Muhammad considered that Muslims were no less worthy to follow the tradition of the prophet Musa, began to fast himself and ordered his companions to do this.
According to the Sunnah of the Prophet, it is better to fast on the day of Ashura for two days (9th and 10th or 10th and 11th of the month of Muharram).
What can not be done on the Day of Ashura?
In the old days, before the obligatory observance of fasting by Muslims in the month of Ramadan, on the Day of Ashura, all believers were also ordered to observe a strict fast.
However, then Sunni Muslims began to regard it as desirable, but still voluntary. For Shiite Muslims, fasting on the Day of Ashura is still obligatory.
It is observed until sunset, and then a festive table is laid. It is served with ashure - a dish of chickpeas, wheat, beans and dried fruits, as well as dishes of beans, lentils and meat. Children are treated to sweet cookies (chareki) and sherbet.
It is no secret that looking at the calendar, people call any memorable days holidays. Even if they smell of gunpowder, these are days of joyful victory. We are not used to celebrating the days of death, we would rather celebrate the birthday. On a memorable day, let us prefer a feast to bitter tears, even if it is a day of remembrance. Such is the man: while he is alive, he wants to have fun, and drive everything bad out of his heart and from the calendar, so as not to be an eyesore.
Even calendars of religious holidays are called calendars of holidays, no matter what martyrs honored on a particular date are discussed. Holidays and all. These include Ashura, celebrated by Shiite Muslims on November 24, the tenth day of the holy month of Muharram. For Shiites, Ashura is more of a day of mourning. And at the same time, this is the culmination of the universal mystery contained in the Hijri calendar - the moment of death and the rebirth of the universe in a new quality.
Heaven, Earth, angels and man were created on this day. On the same day, the world will end. On the day of Ashura, Noah saw the earth after the flood, the waters of the Red Sea parted before Moses, the prophet Jesus was lifted up to heaven, and Adam received forgiveness and was returned to paradise.
On this day in 680 in the desert near a place called Karbala, the beloved grandson of the Prophet Muhammad Hussein ibn Ali was martyred.
This was preceded by a series of no less tragic events. Hussein's elder brother, Hasan, concluded an agreement with the founder of the Umayyad dynasty, Muawiyah, on his temporary renunciation of the post of caliph for the entire life of Muawiyah. This gesture was supposed to end the long-standing enmity and bring the long-awaited peace, but this treaty of goodness and peace did not bring Hassan himself. After the renunciation, Muawiya bribed Hasan's wife, and she poisoned her husband. According to the terms of the sworn oaths, after the death of Muawiya, the caliphate was to pass to Hassan or to his younger brother Hussein. But Muawiyah had other plans and he appointed his son Yazid as the next caliph, a very depraved man by Islamic standards, who abused wine, women and invited jesters to the court.
When Mu'awiya demanded that influential people, including the Prophet's grandson, swear allegiance to Yazid, Hussein refused. Many were dissatisfied with the power of the Umayyads. The citizens of the country were especially outraged by the fact that the caliph preferred Arabs over Muslims of other nationalities, and this contradicted the Koran. The opposition was also spurred on by growing social inequality. Therefore, when Hussein refused to recognize the power of Yazid, he was simply bombarded with letters with promises of support. Especially many of those came from Kufa, modern Iraq. Its inhabitants even offered Hussein to lead their uprising.
At the same time, Yazid sent assassins to rid him of a recalcitrant claimant to the Caliphate. The news of this caught Hussein during the hajj in Mecca, the holy city in which blood should not be shed. In order to prevent the desecration of the holy land, Hussein left the city without completing the Hajj. He decided to accept the offer of the inhabitants of Kufa and went there with his supporters. However, already on the way, he learned that Yazid had successfully suppressed the uprising that had begun, and the people who had promised him their support began to kill his supporters. The result of a hopeless campaign was that near Karbala, Hussein's detachment was surrounded by the 30,000th army of Yazid and cut off from the water. Hussein and his supporters, among whom were women and children, spent eight days surrounded by water and food. Only one of the heroes, Abbas, Hussein's half-brother, managed to break through to the Euphrates River and collect two skins of water. However, on the way back, the enemies seized him and cut off his hands. Considering that this was enough, the hero was released. To their amazement, the armless and bleeding Abbas grabbed the wineskins with his teeth and carried them to Hussein's camp. No one interfered with him, and, bringing precious water to his thirsty friends, he died of his wounds.
When on the ninth day the enemy announced his intention to attack, Husayn asked for a delay until the morning so that he and his supporters could pray. The reprieve was given. Taking advantage of this, Hussein ordered all the torches to be extinguished and offered to leave the camp in a weak spirit so as not to accept the inevitable martyrdom. The Prophet's grandson was left with 72 of his most loyal supporters and family members, only 18 of whom were men capable of fighting. The army of Yazid increased to 45 thousand soldiers.
At dawn, a hopeless battle began. Hussein's companions perished one by one. He himself received 56 wounds before a man named Shimr could kill him by cutting off his head. Later, this head was presented on a golden tray to Yazid, who beat the already dead opponent with a stick.
The surviving women and children were taken prisoner and, like slaves, delivered to the court of Yazid. Hussein's two children, thirteen and eleven years old, died during the battle. His six-month-old son, whom his father asked to drink water before the battle, was also shot with bows.
Question.
What days should you fast in the month of Muharram?
Answer.
Fasting in the month of Muharram is not obligatory, but whoever fasts in this month is rewarded by Allah. According to a hadith, fasting in Muharram is the most significant among voluntary fasts: “After fasting in the month of Ramadan, fasting in the month of Muharram is considered the most worthy and best fast.” . (Riyazu "s-Salihin, II, 504)
The most blessed day of the month of Muharram is its 10th day - the Day of Ashura, this year it falls on September 20th. Our Prophet (peace be upon him) advised to fast on the 9th, 10th and 11th days of the month. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said that the Jews fast only on the Day of Ashura and in order to distinguish Muslims from them, he advised to fast for 2 days in a row.
One of the hadiths says: "Fasting on the day of Ashura will be the reason for the forgiveness of all the mistakes and sins committed during this year." (Riyazu "s-Salihin, II, 509).
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “When the Prophet (peace be upon him), who arrived in Medina, saw that the Jews were fasting on the day of Ashura, he asked them: “What is this?” They replied: “It is a good day, the day when Allah saved the children of Israel from their enemy, and therefore Musa began to fast on this day.” To this, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “I have more rights to Musa than you!”, After which he began to fast on this day himself and ordered everyone else to do it.
The mother of all the righteous, Aisha (peace be upon her) said:
“During the time of Jahiliyyah, the Quraysh fasted on the day of ‘Ashura and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) also fasted on this day. When he arrived in Medina, he did not stop fasting on this day and ordered others to observe this fast. When fasting in the month of Ramadan was made obligatory, he stopped fasting on the day of Ashura. And since then, whoever wanted to, observed this fast, and who did not want to, did not do this.. (Bukhari, "Saum", 69).
Another verse regarding this reads as follows: "Qais ibni Sa'd ibni Ubaba (peace be upon him) reports that on the day of Ashura we fasted and paid alms. But since fasting in the month of Ramadan and paying zakat became fard, these deeds have not become forbidden for us, we continued to fulfill them"(Nesai, Zakat, 35).
The virtue of fasting on the day of Ashura is mentioned in many hadiths:
One day, a man came to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and asked: “At what time would you advise me to fast except in the month of Ramadan?” Our Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “Keep fasting in the month of Muharram. Because it is the month of Allah. There is a day in it on which Allah accepted the repentance of one of the tribes, and may forgive the rest. (Tirmizi, "Savm", 40).
Another hadith says: “The best fast after the month of Ramadan is fasting in the month of Muharram” (Ibn Maja, "Siyam", 43).
In a hadith narrated from Tirmidhi, it is said that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) reported: (Tirmizi, "Savm", 47)
Interpreting this hadith, Imam Ghazali said: “The month of Muharram is the beginning of the Hijra year. It is very good to start this time by fasting. There is hope that the barakat, the blessing will be with you for a long time.
Therefore, fasting on the Day of Ashura is a Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). Therefore n Do not miss the opportunity to receive a reward from the Almighty and earn His pleasure!
